Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Gaining knowledge about the calgranulins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in saliva of cows: changes in parturition and lameness.
Botía M, Vallejo-Mateo P, Escribano D … +6 more , Hevia-Méndez ML, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Rubio CP, Muñoz-Prieto A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42090894 · Publisher ↗
Salivary biomarkers are emerging as valuable, non-invasive tools in the field of bovine medicine. The calgranulins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 are major neutrophil-derived proteins reflecting innate immune activation. This stu...
Salivary biomarkers are emerging as valuable, non-invasive tools in the field of bovine medicine. The calgranulins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 are major neutrophil-derived proteins reflecting innate immune activation. This study aimed to develop and validate a new immunoassay for S100A12 measurements and evaluate the dynamics of both calgranulins in cow saliva under physiological (peripartum) and pathological (lameness) conditions. An AlphaLISA immunoassay for S100A12 was developed and analytically validated, demonstrating high precision (intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) <15%), accuracy (mean recovery, 101.8%; linearity under dilution,R > 0.98) and high sensitivity (LLQ = 0.03 mg/L). Then, salivary concentrations of S100A12 and S100A8/A9 were measured in multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows around parturition (n = 48 samples) and in lame versus healthy cows (n = 24 samples). Both proteins exhibited significant increases at calving compared to pre- and postpartum values (p < 0.05) and were positively correlated with inflammatory biomarkers (haptoglobin and adenosine deaminase). S100A12 also was negatively correlated with antioxidants (CUPRAC, FRAP and TEAC). In lame cows, S100A12 and S100A8/A9 increased 2.4- and 3.25-fold respectively, compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in both conditions. These findings suggest that salivary S100A12 and S100A8/A9 are potential indicators of general inflammatory activation, being S100A12 also associated with oxidative stress. Overall, this supports further investigation to elucidate their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for assessing the health and welfare of dairy cows.
A systematic review of machine learning approaches to bovine tuberculosis in cattle.
Borodziuk K, Marshall AH, O'Hagan MJH … +2 more , Novakovic A, Courcier EA
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42085970 · Publisher ↗
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis which despite years of eradication attempts, is still prevalent globally. Machine learning (ML), a technology allowing for computeris...
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis which despite years of eradication attempts, is still prevalent globally. Machine learning (ML), a technology allowing for computerised discovery of patterns in data, has been applied widely to the field of epidemiology for decades, more recently venturing into the detection and diagnosis of bTB with varying success. This systematic review was performed to identify the existing published research utilising ML with bTB datasets oriented directly or indirectly around the identification of infected animals or infected herds. The search strategy was formulated and compiled eligible publications and reviewed their approach, methodologies. A total of 19 publications were identified fitting the standardised criteria indicating this field is still in its early stages. The most frequently used models were Random Forests and Logistic Regression. Fifty two percent of the studies utilised more than one algorithm. One of the main challenges identified through this review is the frequent lack of transparency in the reported methodologies. We also recommend that model interpretability should be treated on par with the model performance as only 2 out of the 19 publications considered the importance of model interpretability. This review provides a useful foundation for understanding ML applications in bTB control and broader veterinary epidemiology and also demonstrates the need for specific reporting guidelines for ML in veterinary epidemiology to maximise the potential of these methods.
Epidemiology of brucellosis in sheep and goats across different production systems in regions with high human brucellosis prevalence.
Dadar M, Alamian S, Bahreinipour A … +1 more , Amiry K
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42085969 · Publisher ↗
Brucellosis remains a major zoonotic threat in Iran, where sheep and goat farming play a crucial role in agricultural production. This study examines the relationship between vaccination coverage and brucellosis prevalen...
Brucellosis remains a major zoonotic threat in Iran, where sheep and goat farming play a crucial role in agricultural production. This study examines the relationship between vaccination coverage and brucellosis prevalence at animal and herd levels across Iran's diverse small ruminant production systems. Our cross-sectional study (2021-2024) included 389,225 animals from 3929 herds across rural, traditional, and nomadic systems. Tests such as the Rose Bengal Plate, Wright, and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) detected brucellosis, and bacteria from clinical samples were isolated. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to analyze factors such as vaccination coverage, production system, species, and brucellosis positivity. Results showed low vaccination coverage across all systems (8-19.1%), well below the threshold for herd immunity. Traditional farms had 3.4 times higher odds of animal- level brucellosis (95% CI: 2. 98-3. 93, p < 0. 001) and 2.9 times higher odds of herd- level positivity (95% CI: 2. 21-3. 78, p < 0. 001) compared to rural areas, while nomadic systems exhibited scattered, episodic foci. A 1% increase in vaccination coverage was associated with an odds ratio of 0.94 for herd-level brucellosis positivity (p = 0.02) and an OR of 0.96 for animal-level brucellosis positivity (p = 0.06), indicating a non-significant tendency. Goats had higher vaccination coverage than sheep. Most positive cultures originated from aborted fetuses, which were the main source of Brucella melitensis biovar 1. This study indicates that vaccination coverage in Iran is inadequate to control brucellosis, especially on traditional farms where vaccination's protective effects are most noticeable.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in dairy herds: Presence of haemolytic Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi.
Zbrun MV, Alvarado W, Peña A … +10 more , Aliprandi D, Miotti C, Welschen N, Astesana DM, Cicottello J, Suarez Archilla G, Camussone CM, Molineri AI, Irazoqui M, Signorini ML
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42070394 · Publisher ↗
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease with a significant economic impact on dairy production. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of IBK in dairy herds in Argentina. Haemol...
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease with a significant economic impact on dairy production. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of IBK in dairy herds in Argentina. Haemolytic Moraxella spp. presence, environmental and management practices associated with milk production, and the presence of virulence genes were evaluated. An observational study was conducted over one year on nine dairy farms. Ocular swabs (n = 2142) were collected and analyzed by culture and PCR for identification and virulence gene profiling. Epidemiological data and environmental variables were also recorded. Haemolytic Moraxella spp. were isolated from 57.6% of eyes, with M. bovoculi being more prevalent than M. bovis. However, no association was found between the presence of haemolytic Moraxella spp. and IBK clinical signs. In addition, no relationship was observed between the climatic season and the presence of haemolytic Moraxella spp. in the eyes. However, the occurrence of IBK lesions showed a clear seasonal pattern. Increased ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures were associated with a higher incidence of IBK, and fly control significantly reduced disease risk. Although commercial vaccines only targeted M. bovis, vaccinated herds showed lower IBK prevalence and reduced haemolytic M. bovis isolation rates. In this study, MbxA, fur, plb, tfpI/Q and pilA genes were not associated with IBK signs. These findings suggest that the mere presence of haemolytic Moraxella spp. is insufficient to trigger IBK and support the hypothesis that environmental stressors play a key role in disease onset. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanisms that initiate corneal lesions and optimize preventive strategies.
Pathogenic characteristics, epidemiology, and diagnostic methods of murine norovirus.
Li J, Gao M, Ma X … +4 more , Wang J, Cao F, Wu L, Li S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42070393 · Publisher ↗
Murine Norovirus (MNV) was first identified in 2003 and has since emerged as one of the most prevalent viruses affecting laboratory mice, posingsignificant potential impacts on the quality of laboratory mice and experime...
Murine Norovirus (MNV) was first identified in 2003 and has since emerged as one of the most prevalent viruses affecting laboratory mice, posingsignificant potential impacts on the quality of laboratory mice and experimentalresults. This review aims to summarize the pathogenic characteristics, epidemiol-ogical distribution, pathogenic effects, and diagnostic methods of MNV, thereby providing a theoretical framework for the prevention and control of infections in laboratory mice.
Integrative multi-tissue transcriptomics reveals feeding and vitamin E effects in sheep.
Xu H, Shi J
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42068665 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sheep feeding systems strongly influence meat quality, animal health, and production efficiency. Grazing improves fatty acid composition and sustainability but limits productivity, whereas concentrate feeding...
BACKGROUND: Sheep feeding systems strongly influence meat quality, animal health, and production efficiency. Grazing improves fatty acid composition and sustainability but limits productivity, whereas concentrate feeding enhances efficiency but may induce oxidative stress. Vitamin E (VE), a key antioxidant, may mitigate these effects; however, systematic multi-tissue molecular evidence remains limited. METHODS: We performed an integrative transcriptomic analysis across liver, muscle, and subcutaneous fat. In Experiment 1, grazing and confinement systems were compared to identify cross-tissue co-regulated genes associated with feeding practices (FW-CTRGs). In Experiment 2, muscle tissue was analyzed to evaluate the effects of VE supplementation on oxidative stress-related genes (VE-OSRGs). Gene regulation was characterized through differential expression and comprehensive functional analyses. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, nine FW-CTRGs were identified across tissues, suggesting coordinated regulation of immune and stress-related pathways under different feeding systems. In Experiment 2, twelve VE-OSRGs were identified in muscle, indicating that VE supplementation may enhance antioxidant capacity by regulating genes involved in tissue remodeling and stress response, including pathways related to TGF-β signaling and extracellular matrix interactions. Key regulators included ANXA5, ANXA2, CD44, AGTR1, THBS1, HMOX1, and BCL6. CONCLUSION: This study provides a multi-tissue transcriptomic perspective on feeding strategies in sheep and shows that VE may improve oxidative status through coordinated gene regulation. These findings offer insights for optimizing feeding strategies to enhance meat quality and animal health.
Modulation of intestinal morphology and microbial ecosystem by Bacillus-based biotics and enzyme cocktails in broilers.
Shin HC, Koo SM, Lee JH … +2 more , Oh SH, Jang JC
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42068664 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the effects of Bacillus-based biotics and enzyme cocktails on growth performance, physiological homeostasis, and the intestinal ecosystem in broilers fed a standardized dietary matrix. A total of...
This study investigated the effects of Bacillus-based biotics and enzyme cocktails on growth performance, physiological homeostasis, and the intestinal ecosystem in broilers fed a standardized dietary matrix. A total of 105 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to five dietary treatments: (1) CON (basal diet), (2) A (0.05% probiotics), (3) B (0.1% one-strain synbiotics), (4) C (0.1% two-strain synbiotics), and (5) D (0.1% enzyme cocktail). No significant differences were observed in body weight or average daily gain across treatments, although phase-specific differences in average daily feed intake were detected (p < 0.05). Serum biochemical parameters and total bile acid concentrations remained stable, indicating physiological homeostasis. In the fermentation microenvironment, ileal butyrate concentrations tended to increase in Treatment C compared with CON (p = 0.10). In addition, Treatment C significantly increased the duodenal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05). Most notably, beta-diversity analysis using Jaccard distance and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity revealed a significant reconfiguration of the cecal microbial community (p < 0.05), with Treatments C and D exhibiting the most distinct clustering patterns. Although dietary biotics and enzyme cocktails altered intestinal morphology and microbial beta-diversity, and showed limited modulation of the fermentation microenvironment, these shifts did not translate into systemic growth enhancement.
Effects of xylanase supplementation in low- and high-fiber diets on performance and fecal microbiota of lactating sows and their piglets.
Papadopoulos GA, Giannenas I, Lioliopoulou S … +4 more , Tassis P, Papageorgiou K, di Benedetto M, van Hoeck V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42066508 · Publisher ↗
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation in high- and low-fiber diets on the performance of lactating sows and their offspring. At d108 of gestation, 48 sows were assigned to fou...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation in high- and low-fiber diets on the performance of lactating sows and their offspring. At d108 of gestation, 48 sows were assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design: a low-fiber control diet (LF; LF-Con; 12.43% NDF), LF supplemented with 45,000 U/kg xylanase (LF + XYL), a high-fiber control diet (HF; HF-Con; 13.93% NDF), and HF supplemented with xylanase (HF + XYL). Sow body weight (BW) and P2 backfat thickness were recorded at d108 of gestation and weaning. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was recorded throughout lactation, and piglet BW was measured 24 h post-farrowing and at weaning. Results indicated that sows fed HF diets consumed more feed compared to LF sows (P = 0.003). Furthermore, xylanase supplementation significantly increased ADFI (P = 0.002), reduced lactation weight loss (P = 0.001), and attenuated backfat mobilization (P = 0.003) compared to unsupplemented controls. Regarding the fecal microbiota, HF diets increased the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae. Notably, an increase in the butyrate-producing genus Roseburia (family Lachnospiraceae) was observed, likely driven by cross-feeding mechanisms. Xylanase supplementation reduced the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, potentially by altering the availability of their preferred carbohydrate substrates. In conclusion, supplementing lactating sows with an endo-1,4-β-xylanase in both LF + XYL and HF + XYL diets, influenced sow energy balance, by elevating feed intake and reducing tissue mobilization, while simultaneously altering the fecal microbiome to a more beneficial, butyrate-producing composition, particularly when using fibrous feedstuffs.
The effect of various therapeutics on reproductive performance in bovine clinical endometritis: A meta and network meta-analysis.
Bhensdadiya PD, Chaudhari RK, Chaudhari CF … +1 more , Sutaria TV
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42066507 · Publisher ↗
Clinical endometritis (CE) is one of the most prevalent postpartum condition and is significantly linked to poor reproductive performance in dairy cows. The objective of the present study was to conduct the meta-analysis...
Clinical endometritis (CE) is one of the most prevalent postpartum condition and is significantly linked to poor reproductive performance in dairy cows. The objective of the present study was to conduct the meta-analysis (MA) and network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the effect of various therapeutic agents on reproductive performance in bovine CE. The literature was searched using the keywords, 'Endometritis' and "Cows OR Cow OR Cattle OR Bovine" on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct database and retrieved 1386 records. After screening and eligibility assessment, 33 randomized control trials (RCT) were included in the analysis. Owing to lesser number of available studies on each therapeutic agents, it was classified into antibiotic, prostaglandin (PG), antiseptic, alternate therapy and no treatment or placebo (control group) to conduct the MA and NMA. The MA was done using Cochrane guidelines and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Further, risk of biasness assessed using RoB2 tool. The NMA was conducted using the MetaInsight. The MA revealed that the antibiotic had better recovery rate (RR) than antiseptic and the control group with moderate to high heterogeneity with wide CI and asymmetry of funnel plot. While PG improved the first service conception rate (FSCR) compared to antibiotic (I = 0% and fairly symmetrical funnel plot). However, NMA revealed that control group had the highest SUCRA score for RR, FSCR and CR. The analysis suggests a need to critically reconsider the reliance on antibiotics and PG for CE treatment and emphasizes the necessity for more RCT.
Peri-operative opioid analgesic requirements in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy with ketamine infusion with or without the use of an erector spinae plane block (ESPB).
Cabellos Clemente C, Pawson P, Murray A … +1 more , Robertson J
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42061330 · Publisher ↗
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Formulation and biological evaluation of a Perilla frutescens seed oil nanoemulsion: A novel therapeutic agent for alleviating gut-liver axis inflammation.
Ye JY, Zhang W, Qin M … +2 more , Cui HJ, Li J
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42061329 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The gut-liver axis is integral to the pathophysiology of chronic liver inflammation and related metabolic inflammatory disease. Although Perilla frutescens seed oil (PFSO) possesses anti-inflammatory properti...
BACKGROUND: The gut-liver axis is integral to the pathophysiology of chronic liver inflammation and related metabolic inflammatory disease. Although Perilla frutescens seed oil (PFSO) possesses anti-inflammatory properties, its clinical application is limited by its poor stability and bioavailability. This study aimed to develop a PFSO-loaded nanoemulsion (PFSO-NE) to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: The PFSO-NE was optimized using pseudoternary phase diagrams, and its physicochemical properties were thoroughly characterized. The therapeutic effects of PFSO-NE were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mice using a combination of biochemical assays, histological examinations, quantitative PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analyses. RESULTS: PFSO-NE demonstrated a small particle size (32.77 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (93.02%), and enhanced stability. This led to a significant reduction in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF-α and IL-6, increased IL-10 levels, mitigated tissue damage, and modulated the gut microbiota by enriching beneficial bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae, and elevating acetate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: PFSO-NE effectively attenuates inflammation in the gut-liver axis by enhancing bioavailability, modulating immune responses, and remodeling the gut microbiota, thereby providing preclinical evidence for PFSO-NE as a promising natural nanoformulation for the potential treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The incidence of fatal and non-fatal injury in thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses in Louisiana (2014-2022).
Dirikolu L, Liu CC, Schaeffer DJ
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42061328 · Publisher ↗
The objectives of the study were to report the incidence of race-related injuries and equine fatalities in racehorses at the Louisiana racetracks from 2014 to 2022 for both Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses. Addi...
The objectives of the study were to report the incidence of race-related injuries and equine fatalities in racehorses at the Louisiana racetracks from 2014 to 2022 for both Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses. Additionally, this study evaluated several factors that may be related to the occurrence of race-related injuries in racehorses in Louisiana. The average rates of equine fatal injuries (euthanized on or off track within 72 h of the race) were 1.70 ± 0.76 and 1.94 ± 0.89 per 1000 starts in Thoroughbred and Quarter racehorses, respectively. The average rates of non-fatal injuries were 4.81 ± 1.97 and 4.47 ± 2.34 per 1000 starts in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses, respectively. The number of starts, the number of injuries, the racetrack location, the breed status, and the seasonal changes were not associated with the number of equine fatal injuries. Location and seasonal changes were significantly associated with the number of equine non-fatal injuries. The results of the current study indicated that the average incidence of equine fatal and non-fatal injuries in Louisiana were within the range reported for Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses at some racetracks while these incidences were lower than in some other racing jurisdictions in North America.
Short communication: Global clones of CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacterales, including the high-risk Enterobacter hormaechei ST78 in a veterinary teaching hospital.
Martins JA, Haisi A, Araújo Júnior JP … +5 more , Heinemann MB, Winter GHZ, Alievi MM, Raimondo RFES, Gaeta NC
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42054910 · Publisher ↗
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), particularly CTX-M enzymes, represent a significant concern among Enterobacterales. This cross-sectional, descriptive study reports the first detection and genomic characterization...
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), particularly CTX-M enzymes, represent a significant concern among Enterobacterales. This cross-sectional, descriptive study reports the first detection and genomic characterization of CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacter hormaechei and Leclercia adecarboxylata recovered from high-contact surfaces in a Brazilian veterinary teaching hospital, based on analysis of 12 environmental samples. Three multidrug-resistant isolates were identified: E. hormaechei ST78 (UFRGS-TABLE-2023), E. hormaechei ST68 (UFRGS-TAP-2023), and L. adecarboxylata (UFRGS-BED-2023), all carrying bla, bla, bla, and additional resistance genes to aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. IncHI2 plasmids harboring bla were detected in UFRGS-BED-2023 and UFRGS-TAP-2023 and showed high sequence similarity to a previously described human E. hormaechei plasmid. Phylogenomic analysis placed the isolates within globally distributed lineages. Although descriptive in nature and not intended to infer prevalence or transmission dynamics, these findings highlight veterinary hospital surfaces as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance and support the need for integrated One Health surveillance.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals bovine viral diarrhea virus infection reprogram host nucleotide and amino acid metabolism in MDBK Cells.
Xiao T, Gao S, Zhang X … +7 more , Teng F, Wei Y, Wu W, Zheng C, Qiao X, Zhang W, Ma Y
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42054909 · Publisher ↗
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a highly adapted intracellular parasite that depends entirely on the host cell's metabolic resources and energy for the synthesis of viral components. However, the mechanisms by whic...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a highly adapted intracellular parasite that depends entirely on the host cell's metabolic resources and energy for the synthesis of viral components. However, the mechanisms by which BVDV remodels host lipid metabolism remain unclear. In this study, we explored the metabolic impact of BVDV infection in MDBK cells using untargeted metabolomics. The differential metabolite (DEMs) analysis identified 249 and 147 differential metabolites in positive and negative ion modes. These DEMs have been demonstrated to be considerably enriched in a number of critical metabolic pathways, including purine metabolism, ABC transporters, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, according to KEGG enrichment analysis. The up-regulated DEMs (Guanine, Xanthine, Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate and Uric acid) were notably focused on purine metabolism, indicating that BVDV infection triggers the host purine de novo and remedial synthesis pathways. In contrast to the up-regulated metabolites supporting viral replication, the down-regulated DEMs (Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, Guanosine 5'- monophosphate and Adenosine) were primarily involved in metabolism and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The down-regulation of several important metabolites demonstrated how BVDV achieves immune escape and persistent infection by undermining the host defense system. However, more experimental confirmation is needed to determine the molecular mechanism by which BVDV uses host metabolic resources to support its own replication. Our metabolomics data provide crucial insights into the infection-induced metabolic perturbations, thereby serving as a valuable data resource for elucidating the mechanism of BVDV-driven host metabolic reprogramming.
In vitro characterization of different genetic strains of rabies virus isolated from non hematophagous bats.
Garcia JG, Barboza CM, Cocchi M … +1 more , Batista HBCR
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42048940 · Publisher ↗
Rabies is one of the oldest diseases recognized by humanity, caused by the rabies virus (RABV). This zoonosis has a worldwide distribution and still causes the death of approximately 60,000 people a year. Despite advance...
Rabies is one of the oldest diseases recognized by humanity, caused by the rabies virus (RABV). This zoonosis has a worldwide distribution and still causes the death of approximately 60,000 people a year. Despite advances in research, there are still gaps in knowledge about how RABV is maintained in the wild, especially aspects related to its biology and its mechanisms for adapting to its hosts. In recent years, reports of the isolation of RABV in different bat species, with varying feeding and behavioral habits, have increased public health concerns. The possibility of these animals developing synanthropic habits, considering that they are reservoirs for RABV, could lead to a greater risk of human infections. The aim of this study was to elucidate adaptive aspects of RABV maintenance in different species of non hematophagous bats. To this end, 9 RABV samples isolated from different species were initially selected. Initially, these RABV samples were submitted to genetic characterization through RNA extraction, reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the nucleoprotein, genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. After selection and characterization, the samples were subjected to intracerebral inoculation in Swiss albino mice and then adapted to in vitro growth in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293 T). Each serial passage in cells was subjected to Direct Immunofluorescence (DFAT). The following RABV genetic lineages were identified: genetic lineage of frugivorous bat Artibeus lituratus (3 samples), genetic lineage of insectivorous bat Eptesicus furinalis (3 samples) and genetic lineage of insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis (3 samples). Ten successive passages of the samples described were performed on HEK 293 T cells, 6 samples could be adapted to the cell culture and only 3 samples did not adapt, 1 from genetic lineage of the insectivorous bat Eptesicus furinalis (IP1282/16) and 2 from genetic lineage of insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis (PG980/17 and PG981/17). For the kinetics tests, viral penetration tests and viral growth curves were performed with the samples adapted in the HEK 293 T cell line. The results of the viral replication kinetics tests showed significant differences between samples in the viral penetration phase. However, there were no significant differences between the samples in the viral growth and propagation phase in the cells. With the knowledge acquired from each genetic lineage of RABV in this study, it is possible to propose improvements in rabies diagnosis as well as in surveillance to control the disease specifically in these species.
Involvement of lipid raft during feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) infection on permissive cells: A potential target for antiviral treatment.
Longobardi C, Pagnini U, Shin HJ … +2 more , Origgi F, Ferrara G
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42034370 · Publisher ↗
Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a common virus responsible for more than half of feline respiratory syndromes and kitten mortality. Despite recent findings regarding the interactions between FHV-1 and cellular pathways,...
Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a common virus responsible for more than half of feline respiratory syndromes and kitten mortality. Despite recent findings regarding the interactions between FHV-1 and cellular pathways, no information is available on its relationship with lipid rafts, which are cytoplasmic membrane protrusions involved in a variety of cellular functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of lipid rafts during FHV-1 infection on permissive cells (CRFK). The use of a specific inhibitor (MβCD) prior to viral adsorption resulted in a significant reduction in viral titers (assessed by TCID) and viral glycoprotein expression (assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot). Supplying soluble cholesterol to the cells prior to infection replenished the lipid rafts, restoring viral titers and glycoprotein expression to normal. These results were also confirmed by the viability assay, which revealed higher viability in MβCD-treated cells compared to mock. We also observed a decrease in cell viability when cholesterol was replenished, due to cytopathic effects mediated by the virus. The results of this study have highlighted a relevant role for lipid rafts during FHV-1 infection, enriching our understanding of the FHV-1-cell interaction and contributing to rethink them as a potential target for antiviral treatment.
Dietary supplementation of Radix Isatidis polysaccharides improves meat quality in broilers by regulating lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense, and the gut-muscle axis.
Wang W, Ouyang W, Xiao H … +6 more , Shi P, Li P, Zeng J, Song M, Javed S, Huang P
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42030580 · Publisher ↗
This research assessed the impact of Radix Isatidis polysaccharides (RIPS) supplementation on the growth, meat quality, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 320 AA broilers were separated...
This research assessed the impact of Radix Isatidis polysaccharides (RIPS) supplementation on the growth, meat quality, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 320 AA broilers were separated into four groups and given either a basic diet or diets with 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg RIPS for 42 days. We employed various multi-omics approaches, including serum biochemistry, lipidomics, transcriptomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing, to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that 1000 mg/kg RIPS markedly enhanced meat color, elevated ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and augmented antioxidant activity in breast muscle. In the 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg groups, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly decreased, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced in the 1000 mg/kg group. Lipidomic analysis revealed that in the 1000 mg/kg group, the accumulation of triglycerides and ceramides in the chicken breast was lower, indicating an optimization of lipid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis showed that in the ileum, the expression of FABP1 and APOA1 genes was significantly upregulated in the 1000 mg/kg group, suggesting improved fatty acid transport and cholesterol metabolism. RIPS also significantly improved the gut microbiota, particularly increasing the abundance of g__Actinomarinales and p__DTB120 in the 1000 mg/kg group, which were positively correlated with antioxidant capacity and meat quality. In summary, RIPS regulates lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense through the "gut-muscle axis," leading to significant improvements in both meat quality and health in broiler chickens. This study emphasizes the potential of plant polysaccharides in animal nutrition and suggests 1000 mg/kg RIPS as an appropriate supplementation amount.
Influence of height, body weight and body weight-to-height ratio on jump kinematics in agility dogs.
López P, Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Miró F
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42030579 · Publisher ↗
Recent studies have described the jumping biomechanics of agility dogs and identified key variables that optimize jumping performance. Although the potential influence of morphometric variables on biomechanics of jumping...
Recent studies have described the jumping biomechanics of agility dogs and identified key variables that optimize jumping performance. Although the potential influence of morphometric variables on biomechanics of jumping dogs has been acknowledged, few studies have examined their actual relationships. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of height at the withers, body weight and body weight-to-height ratio on the linear, angular and temporal biomechanical variables of the agility jump. Eleven agility dogs were analyzed jumping over a 60-cm single hurdle. Inter- and intra-individual variability and correlation analyses were performed. Morphometric variables, particularly body weight and body weight-to-height ratio, significantly influenced jump kinematics. Heavier dogs, and those with higher body weight-to-height ratio, tended to exhibit greater jump heights at take-off, over the hurdle, and at landing, as well as shorter jump distance in front of the hurdle and total jump distance. In contrast, lighter dogs, and those with lower body weight-to-height ratio tended to show lower jump heights at take-off, over the hurdle and at landing, and longer jump distance in front of the hurdle and total jump distance. The body weight-to-height ratio significantly affected jump trajectory: dogs with higher ratios showed shorter, steeper trajectories, whereas those with lower ratios showed longer, flatter ones. These results suggest that performance differences may exist among dogs in the same agility category based on their height at the withers but differ in body weight-to-height ratio, supporting consideration of this variable when defining competition categories.
Osteometric characterization of distal limb elements in domestic yak (Bos grunniens): Morphological adaptations and sexual dimorphism.
Mahmood S, Ali A, Din S … +4 more , Yaseen A, Hussain SA, Shah SZA, Ajmal T
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42013494 · Publisher ↗
The Yak (Bos grunniens) is a specialized bovine physiologically and anatomically adapted to high-altitude regions. Detailed osteological data regarding the distal limbs, are still unexplored. This study presents a compre...
The Yak (Bos grunniens) is a specialized bovine physiologically and anatomically adapted to high-altitude regions. Detailed osteological data regarding the distal limbs, are still unexplored. This study presents a comprehensive anatomical and osteometric analysis of the distal limb bones (metacarpus, metatarsus, and phalanges) in both limbs of adult yaks (n = 20; 10 males, 10 females) from the high-altitude Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. Morphometric parameters were analyzed to evaluate functional adaptations and sexual dimorphism. Gross morphological and anatomical analysis revealed distinct evolutionary modifications. The metapodials exhibited complete congenital fusion with obliterated median septa, characterized by exceptionally deep longitudinal grooves and unique dorsal nutrient foramen located in the distal third of the diaphysis. The distal extremities displayed deep, vertically oriented intertrochlear incisure. The proximal phalanges were dorsopalmarly flattened with deep glenoid cavities, while the middle phalanges presented a compact, block-like morphology with prominent triangular flexor tuberosities. The distal phalanx was wedge-shaped, featuring a highly porous parietal surface and hypertrophied flexor process. Osteometric analysis demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.05) across most parameters. Males exhibited higher robusticity indices in the metacarpals (27.23% vs. 24.66% in females). Dimorphism was most pronounced in the distal hindlimb, where males showed massive reinforcement of the second and third phalanges, culminating in 46.0% greater basal width in the male distal phalanx (p = 0.027), reflecting biomechanical specializations. This study provides essential baseline data for veterinary orthopedics and zooarchaeology. These findings may contribute to future investigations exploring functional and ecological aspects of limb morphology in high-altitude bovids.
Uridine diphosphate glucose reduces embryonic and diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in chickens.
Wang J, Liu J, Xiao N … +7 more , Lu H, Han R, Tao B, Wu Z, Yan P, Wang X, Tang X
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42013493 · Publisher ↗
Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is a prevalent metabolic disease in poultry, marked by severe fat buildup in the liver that compromises health and productivity. To investigate the effects of uridine diphosphate g...
Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is a prevalent metabolic disease in poultry, marked by severe fat buildup in the liver that compromises health and productivity. To investigate the effects of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) on hepatic lipid metabolism in chickens, this study employed online software to predict UDPG binding to the lipid synthesis regulator site-1 protease (S1P) protein. Subsequent administration via allantoic membrane injections (AMI) and amniotic cavity injections (ACI) during embryonic development demonstrated that UDPG significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels by downregulating key lipogenic genes. Furthermore, in adult chickens subjected to high-fat diet (HFD), UDPG injection significantly lowered plasma and hepatic TG concentrations, suppressed the expression of key lipogenic genes, enhanced hepatic antioxidant capacity, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings demonstrate that UDPG reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and improves lipid metabolism disorders in chickens, indicating its potential as a therapeutic candidate for alleviating hepatic steatosis and FLHS.
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