Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Biosecurity practices of bovine tuberculosis affected French cattle farms between 2016 and 2023.
Bourgasser L, Boulanger J, Hobeika A … +2 more , Rivière J, Guétin-Poirier V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42013492 · Publisher ↗
In recent years, interest in biosecurity practices on livestock farms has expanded considerably, with improvements noted in pig and poultry farms but limited progress in cattle farms. In France, data regarding biosecurit...
In recent years, interest in biosecurity practices on livestock farms has expanded considerably, with improvements noted in pig and poultry farms but limited progress in cattle farms. In France, data regarding biosecurity practices in cattle farms remains scarce. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the main animal health challenges. Each case leads to mandatory epidemiological investigation, led by state services. Biosecurity practices are also described. This creates a valuable data source to describe biosecurity practices in bTB-affected farms. This study aimed to describe biosecurity practices in French bTB-affected farms and identify factors associated with their biosecurity levels. Official investigation questionnaires from bTB-affected cattle farms between 2016 and 2023 located in two French administrative regions were collected, and 153 of them were analysed. Thanks to nine international experts in cattle biosecurity and/or bTB, risk scores were calculated regarding biosecurity practices related to animal introductions, contacts between herds, contacts with wildlife, visitors' management, equipment sharing, and effluent management. A global risk score was then calculated. Regression models were used to examine relationship between risk scores and predictors (e.g., herd size, production type, previous bTB outbreaks). Results revealed significant variability in biosecurity practices, with higher mean risk scores for animal introduction and wildlife-livestock contact. Production type, presence of a non-bovine unit, location and presence of wild boars around the farms significantly influenced biosecurity scores. Although the data provided by these questionnaires were incomplete, this first study suggests that biosecurity practices could be linked to farms typologies.
Corrigendum to "Tenogenic potential of tendon-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated post-mortem: impact of cryopreservation" [Research in Veterinary Science 193 (2025) 105722].
Marine L, Wilfried P, Joëlle P … +9 more , Justine J, Axel D, Vinciane T, Benoît V, Laurent G, Luc G, Jean-François K, Nadine A, Shikh Alsook MK
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42002425 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Comparison of human and canine atopic dermatitis transcriptome: A meta-analysis and review from a one health perspective.
Wang Y, Richmond JM, Almela RM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42001619 · Publisher ↗
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting humans and animals, including dogs. The underlying mechanisms in both species are intricate and varied, yet they demonstrate notable simila...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting humans and animals, including dogs. The underlying mechanisms in both species are intricate and varied, yet they demonstrate notable similarities. Although numerous transcriptome profiles have been analyzed separately for each species, comparative studies are relatively scarce. We performed a meta-analysis of gene expression datasets from the affected skin of dogs and humans. Enrichment analysis of commonly shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) derived from two canine datasets revealed an IL-27-mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, after examining two published GEO datasets from humans and two from canines, we identified fifteen conserved DEGs across all datasets (p < 0.05). The enrichment assessment of the upregulated genes indicated that S100A8 and S100A9 are associated with the Th17 signaling pathway, while FHL1 and STAT1 are linked to JAK-STAT signaling pathways. CCL13, identified as a Th2-related chemokine, displayed increased expression in both canine and human AD. Consequently, these proteins may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD in both species. Additionally, three gene products-HSD11B1, IL-34, and NELL2-showed different expression patterns in humans and dogs with AD, suggesting that specific genes may have distinct roles in the pathogenesis of AD across species.
Pilot study on differential gene expression in relation to vincristine response in canine transmissible venereal tumor.
López-Valbuena FD, Osorio-Zambrano WF, Debiaso Rossi AL … +2 more , Montoya-Flórez LM, Rocha NS
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42001618 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring clonal cancer that offers a unique model to study tumor evolution, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. Although vincristine induces com...
BACKGROUND: The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring clonal cancer that offers a unique model to study tumor evolution, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. Although vincristine induces complete remission in most cases, some tumors show partial response or resistance, and the molecular drivers of this variability remain unclear. While genomic and epigenetic studies have implicated multidrug resistance and immune modulation, transcriptional mechanisms underlying therapeutic outcomes are not fully characterized. OBJECTIVE: To identify transcriptomic signatures and functional gene modules associated with vincristine response in CTVT showing complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or resistance (R). METHODS: We analyzed RNA-Seq data from 10 CTVT tumors grouped by therapeutic response. After filtering and quality control, differential expression was assessed using DESeq2. Functional enrichment was evaluated using DAVID, and protein-protein interaction networks were built with STRING. Co-expression modules were identified via Pearson correlation and Louvain clustering. RESULTS: We identified 97 DEGs (CR vs. R), 89 (PR vs. R), and 55 (CR vs. PR). Complete response tumors showed upregulation of immune-related (CD79A, CD19), extracellular matrix (ITGB3), and mitophagy genes (BCL2L13), while R tumors expressed markers of stress adaptation and resistance (GNG4, XPO1, KCNJ3). Partial response tumors displayed intermediate profiles (CSNK2B, DHX9). Protein-protein interaction networks showed limited connectivity, but co-expression modules revealed distinct expression patterns associated with response. CONCLUSION: This exploratory analysis characterizes transcriptional differences among response groups and identifies candidate genes and pathways that may contribute to vincristine sensitivity or resistance in CTVT. Considering the small number of resistant tumors included, these results are preliminary and require validation in larger, independent cohorts.
Role of plasma gel in improving healing and reducing inflammation in electroporated skin wounds.
Vargas D, Dahleh MMM, Bortolotto VC … +9 more , Rocha RF, da Silva E Silva FA, Escalante ESS, Prigol M, Boeira SP, Pesarico AP, Guerra GP, de Mendonça Muller DC, Segat HJ
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42000568 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The technique of electroporation is used to facilitate the selective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into neoplastic cells, a process known as electrochemotherapy. However, the procedure is invasive and...
INTRODUCTION: The technique of electroporation is used to facilitate the selective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into neoplastic cells, a process known as electrochemotherapy. However, the procedure is invasive and impairs the wound healing process. In this context, the application of plasma gel may minimize the damage caused by electroporation and promote wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of plasma gel application, on inflammatory and oxidative damages, on electroporated skin wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (six weeks old) were used and divided into three experimental groups (n = 6): I) Control group (no treatment); II) Synthetic gel; and III) Plasma gel. The animals were anesthetized and subjected to the creation of a skin wound. Subsequently, the topical treatments were applied to the animals in groups II and III. After the topical treatment, an electric field was applied. On the 5th experimental day, the animals were euthanized for analysis of the wound tissue. RESULTS: The synthetic gel showed a higher wound expansion, when compared to control on 3rd day, and the plasma gel showed a greater wound retraction on 5th day. Additionally, plasma gel significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α levels, as well as oxidative stress markers including Hsp-70, Nrf2, ROS, TBARS, and catalase activity, compared to control and synthetic gel groups, while BAX and resazurin reduction showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: In this sense, it was demonstrated that the application of plasma gel, when compared to synthetic gel (used to improve the electric field), may favor the wound healing process.
Bioactive additive for modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota in weanling pigs: In vitro and in vivo study.
Buzatto AJC, Bez ICC, Catoia MRR … +9 more , Cuman BF, de Paula GZ, Urnau JM, Ribeiro TP, Weber SH, de Oliveira Júnior GM, de Almeida VV, de Oliveira Carvalho PL, Costa LB
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42000567 · Publisher ↗
The post-weaning period in pigs is marked by intestinal disturbances and behavioral stress. This study evaluated a microencapsulated bioactive additive composed of essential oils (thymol and carvacrol) and organic acids...
The post-weaning period in pigs is marked by intestinal disturbances and behavioral stress. This study evaluated a microencapsulated bioactive additive composed of essential oils (thymol and carvacrol) and organic acids (citric, fumaric, malic, and phosphoric acids) as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters. Two experiments were conducted using five treatments: a negative control (NC, basal diet), a positive control (PC, basal diet with 120 mg/kg chlorohydroxyquinoline), and the basal diet supplemented with the additive at 200 (NC200), 400 (NC400), or 800 (NC800) mg/kg. In vitro, treatments were evaluated using a simulated digestion model assessing microbial responses to Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Lactobacillus spp.. In vivo, 120 piglets (21 ± 3 days old; 5.34 ± 0.74 kg) were randomly assigned to treatments and monitored for growth performance, intestinal health, and behavior. A quadratic response was observed for Lactobacillus spp. in the intestinal phase in vitro (p = 0.013). In vivo, the additive did not affect growth performance but reduced diarrhea incidence at NC200 and NC800 (p < 0.05). Fecal lactic acid bacteria increased linearly with additive inclusion (p = 0.031), while serum IL-6 tended to decrease at higher doses (p = 0.057). Overall, the additive effectively reduced diarrhea and inflammatory responses without affecting growth, promoting a favorable microbial balance at 200 and 800 mg/kg. These results highlight the bioactive additive as a promising, sustainable alternative to AGP in pig production.
From certification to action: Antimicrobial use and stewardship perceptions in Colombian dairy herds.
Tuberquia-López BC, Correa-Valencia NM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42000566 · Publisher ↗
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in dairy production depends not only on monitoring antimicrobial use (AMU) but also on understanding producer decision-making. In Colombia, evidence on AMU-related knowledge, attitudes, an...
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in dairy production depends not only on monitoring antimicrobial use (AMU) but also on understanding producer decision-making. In Colombia, evidence on AMU-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among herds certified in good livestock practices (BPG) remains limited. We conducted a cross-sectional KAP survey between January and February 2025 in BPG-certified dairy herds in northern Antioquia. All 65 eligible herds were invited, and 31 producers participated. The questionnaire collected information on herd and producer characteristics, veterinary support, AMU decision-making, information sources, and responses to six clinical scenarios. KAP indices were standardized to a 0-100 scale. Respondents and nonrespondents were similar in herd size and milk production, although respondents had completed more BPG certification cycles. Veterinary involvement was limited and mainly reactive: preventive herd health visits were uncommon, and laboratory support was infrequent (6.5% always; 13.0% never). Antimicrobials were frequently selected in clinical scenarios, including calf diarrhea with mild signs (96.8%), whereas use was less commonly chosen for lameness (38.7%). Knowledge scores for three basic AMR/antibiotic items were high (mean 96.8/100), attitudes were generally favorable (mean 92.9/100), although the latter should be interpreted cautiously because of modest internal consistency, and practices were intermediate (mean 61.0/100), with low uptake of selective dry-cow therapy (12.9%). In exploratory Firth penalized logistic regression, milk withdrawal showed a borderline inverse association with veterinary consultation before AMU. Overall, stewardship-relevant gaps persisted, supporting context-specific AMS interventions within the BPG framework.
Ventilation-driven microbial and antimicrobial resistance divergence in intensive poultry houses and the associated public health risks.
Wan X, Zhan J, Chen Z … +1 more , Wu B
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42000565 · Publisher ↗
Ventilation strategies in intensive poultry production systems play a critical role in shaping airborne microbial communities and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, with potential implications for environmental...
Ventilation strategies in intensive poultry production systems play a critical role in shaping airborne microbial communities and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, with potential implications for environmental and public health. In this study, bioaerosols from closed (mechanically ventilated) and open (naturally ventilated) chicken houses were systematically characterized using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing to compare microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles under contrasting ventilation regimes. Open chicken houses exhibited significantly higher microbial diversity (P < 0.05), reflecting increased environmental microbial inputs, while the relative abundance of the potentially antibiotic-resistant pathogen Staphylococcus aureus was also elevated. In contrast, closed chicken houses facilitated the accumulation of a core microbial community, including potential pathogens such as Helicobacter pullorum and Clostridium perfringens. Closed chicken houses showed a greater enrichment of macrolide resistance genes. In addition, the overall abundance of ARGs, expressed as ARG copies per 16S rRNA gene, was significantly higher in closed houses than in open houses (P < 0.05). Although total ARG abundance was lower in open chicken houses, the proportion of contigs harboring both ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was significantly higher (P < 0.05), indicating increased potential for horizontal gene transfer. These findings reveal differences in microbial diversity and associated health risks between different poultry production systems and underscore the importance of optimizing ventilation strategies to control pathogen transmission and the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Establishment and characterization of primary canine mammary epithelial cells as a normal-like epithelial reference model.
Li W, He L, Zhou H … +1 more , Qiu C
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41996972 · Publisher ↗
The lack of well-characterized normal canine mammary epithelial cell models limits mechanistic studies of mammary tumorigenesis and drug response. Here, we established CM-VZ, a primary canine mammary epithelial cell popu...
The lack of well-characterized normal canine mammary epithelial cell models limits mechanistic studies of mammary tumorigenesis and drug response. Here, we established CM-VZ, a primary canine mammary epithelial cell population derived from histologically normal-appearing epithelium sampled away from gross hyperplastic lesions in a dog with mammary hyperplasia. CM-VZ showed stable growth for 10-15 passages with predominantly glandular epithelial-like morphology and an estimated doubling time of 49.56 h. Conventional karyotyping indicated predominantly diploid chromosome counts (mode 78). Immunophenotyping demonstrated strong expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and CK8), low-level expression of ER, PR and Ki-67, and absence of HER-2, p63, and α-SMA. DAPI staining did not reveal obvious extranuclear DNA signals suggestive of mycoplasma contamination. In vivo tumorigenicity assays in nude mice showed no tumor formation up to three months post-inoculation, and histology of major organs revealed no abnormalities. Multiplex qPCR confirmed canine origin and excluded cross-species contamination. A 24-h CCK-8 assay showed dose-dependent reductions in metabolic viability, providing a baseline short-term tolerance profile under the tested conditions. CM-VZ represents a characterized, normal-like canine mammary epithelial model with finite lifespan. It provides a practical normal-like control for comparative studies of mammary tumorigenesis and drug response when healthy canine mammary tissue is unavailable. This model may facilitate comparisons with tumor-derived canine mammary cell lines in mechanistic and pharmacological research.
HnRNP H1 binds to nucleocapsid protein and potential guanine-quadruplex site of viral RNA to promote PRRSV-2 proliferation.
Zhang L, Jing H, Song Y … +5 more , Zhao P, Zhang Z, Duan E, Liu J, Li H
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41996971 · Publisher ↗
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious swine disease that causes huge economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (HnRNP H1) partici...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious swine disease that causes huge economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (HnRNP H1) participates in a diverse range of cellular biological processes and has previously been reported to bind the nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV-2; however, its role in PRRSV-2 proliferation remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that PRRSV-2 infection upregulated the cytoplasm expression levels of HnRNP H1 but decreased its abundance in the nucleus. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed an interaction between HnRNP H1 and the N protein. Furthermore, depletion of HnRNP H1 by siRNA significantly inhibited viral RNA levels, N protein expression, and virus yield in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), whereas ectopic expression of HnRNP H1 favored such activities. Most importantly, we showed that HnRNP H1 binds to a potential guanine-quadruplex site (PGS) in PRRSV-2 negative-strand RNA, whereas the guanine-quadruplex ligand PhenDC3 abolished this interaction and significantly suppressed PRRSV-2 propagation. Collectively, our results demonstrate new functions of HnRNP H1 in facilitating PRRSV-2 proliferation and provide a potential option for combating PRRSV-2 infection by targeting the PGS.
Tannins in ruminant feeding: effects of tannin type and dosage on rumen fermentation, production performance, health, and sustainability.
Kholif AE, Olafadehan OA, Anele UY
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41990601 · Publisher ↗
Tannins are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds of variable molecular weights that have attracted considerable attention as natural feed additives in ruminant nutrition. Their ability to modulate rumen microbial ecology...
Tannins are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds of variable molecular weights that have attracted considerable attention as natural feed additives in ruminant nutrition. Their ability to modulate rumen microbial ecology, improve nutrient utilization, mitigate enteric methane (CH) emissions, and promote animal health has positioned them as potential tools for improved, sustainable ruminant production systems. This review critically evaluates and synthesizes published evidence on the effects of tannins on rumen fermentation dynamics, nutrient digestibility, hematological and biochemical parameters, production performance, and overall health status of ruminants. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed, targeting peer-reviewed English-language studies published between January 2000 and September 2025. Search terms were organized using Boolean operators across tannin chemistry and type, ruminant species, and production-, environmental-, or health-related outcomes. Studies were included if they reported in vitro or in vivo responses of ruminants to tannins, while non-ruminant studies, conference abstracts, and non-English publications were excluded to ensure comprehensive comparability. Collectively, available evidence indicates that hydrolyzable tannins generally exert more consistent positive effects on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and CH mitigation than condensed tannins, although responses remain highly dependent on tannin source, chemical structure, diet composition, dietary inclusion level, and the extent of animal adaptation. Low to moderate inclusion levels (generally <3% of dietary dry matter [DM]) were associated with neutral to beneficial effects on feed intake, rumen fermentation characteristics, nitrogen utilization, and animal performance. In contrast, higher rates (>5% of dietary DM) frequently impair digestibility, depress feed intake, compromise nitrogen efficiency, and reduce productive performance, indicating dose-dependent responses. Besides nutritional modulation, other ancillary benefits of tannins include reduced internal parasite burden and decreased incidence of ruminal bloat. Positive changes in hematological and biochemical indices further suggest potential improvements in physiological response and health status at moderate levels, although high rates may induce adverse metabolic alterations. In summary, tannins represent a promising nutritional strategy for improving the sustainability of ruminant production systems; however, their successful application depends on careful selection of tannin type, strategic dosage optimization, and feeding strategy. Future research should prioritize defining optimal inclusion thresholds, elucidating rumen microbiome adaptation mechanisms at the molecular level, and assessing long-term production and health outcomes under practical production conditions.
Neurological manifestations in a cat with tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia persica.
Shwartz D, Issa A, Nachum-Biala Y … +1 more , Baneth G
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41985201 · Publisher ↗
Tick-borne relapsing fever is an acute, potentially life-threatening, infectious disease affecting humans and animals. Relapsing fever (RF) caused by Borrelia persica has been reported to cause severe meningitis in human...
Tick-borne relapsing fever is an acute, potentially life-threatening, infectious disease affecting humans and animals. Relapsing fever (RF) caused by Borrelia persica has been reported to cause severe meningitis in humans, but neurological abnormalities associated with it have not been previously reported in cats. A 14-year-old female spayed domestic cat was diagnosed with RF borreliosis. It acutely developed general hyperesthesia and head tremors and deteriorated to having generalized tonic-clonic seizures within eight hours of the initial neurologic signs. These neurological abnormalities resolved within 48 h of initiating antibiotic treatment which included marbofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and the spirochetemia was cleared. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on DNA from whole blood confirmed the diagnosis of B. persica infection while other feline infectious diseases were ruled out. In vitro cultivation of B. persica from the cat's blood was successful and the isolate was passaged 10 times until frozen at -80 °C. This is the first report of neurological manifestations occurring in a cat with tick-borne relapsing fever. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of B. persica as a possible cause of neuroborreliosis in cats.
Unveiling genetic diversity in Egyptian Arabian horses (Equus caballus) through cytogenetic and ISSR marker analysis.
Ibrahim MA, Noshy MM, Mohamed HRH … +1 more , Abd El-Gawad MEH
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41980341 · Publisher ↗
This study combined classical cytogenetics and ISSR molecular markers to characterize genetic diversity in 24 Egyptian Arabian horses. Karyotyping revealed the standard equine chromosome number (2n = 64) with no numerica...
This study combined classical cytogenetics and ISSR molecular markers to characterize genetic diversity in 24 Egyptian Arabian horses. Karyotyping revealed the standard equine chromosome number (2n = 64) with no numerical or structural abnormalities. Chromosome measurements were consistent with ISCN Equine standards: autosomal relative lengths (RL%) followed the expected size hierarchy, biarmed chromosomes displayed metacentric to submetacentric morphology (CI = 37-50%), and recalculated centromeric indices confirmed the presence of measurable p-arms on all acrocentric chromosomes. ISSR analysis using nine informative primers generated 117 bands, of which 104 were polymorphic (88.89%). Highly polymorphic primers included (AGC)₆G (95.24%) and (GAG)₆C (93.75%), demonstrating broad genome coverage. Population-level parameters indicated moderate genetic diversity (P% = 88.89%, H = 0.32, I = 0.48). Pairwise Dice similarities (0.70-0.98) reflected moderate to high inter-individual relatedness without clear subgroup separation. Overall, the findings confirm cytogenetic stability within the cohort and highlight ISSR markers as an effective tool for assessing diversity in Egyptian Arabian horses. These results provide a foundational reference for conservation, breeding strategies, and future genomic studies.
Expression profiling of key androgen-metabolizing enzymes in canine sebaceous gland tumors.
İpek E, Yıldırım F, Özsoy ŞY … +4 more , Gülçubuk A, Kaleli S, Epikmen ET, Tunca R
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41980340 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the expression profiles of key enzymes involved in androgen metabolism in canine sebaceous gland tumors and compared them with those in normal and hyperplastic sebaceous glands. Based on histopath...
This study investigated the expression profiles of key enzymes involved in androgen metabolism in canine sebaceous gland tumors and compared them with those in normal and hyperplastic sebaceous glands. Based on histopathological evaluation, lesions were classified as hyperplasia, adenoma, epithelioma, or carcinoma. Tissue sections from each case were examined for expression of the androgen receptor (AR); the de novo steroidogenic enzymes StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and 3β-HSD; the steroid-precursor-activating enzyme STS; the potent-androgen biosynthetic enzymes 17β-HSD3 and SRD5A1; the androgen-inactivating enzyme 17β-HSD2; and the aromatase CYP19A1, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to assess both protein and mRNA levels. Normal sebaceous glands exhibited immunoreactivity for all examined enzymes and AR except 17β-HSD3, and no significant differences were observed between normal and hyperplastic glands. In contrast, malignant sebaceous gland tumors showed marked up-regulation of AR, StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, 3β-HSD, and SRD5A1, accompanied by down-regulation of 17β-HSD2 and CYP19A1 relative to both normal and hyperplastic counterparts. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that normal sebaceous glands possess an intrinsic ability for local sex-steroid biosynthesis, suggesting a role for these hormones in the physiological regulation of sebaceous gland function. Moreover, the enzyme-expression alterations observed in sebaceous gland tumors suggest a shift in the local hormonal milieu toward an increased androgenic influence. Overall, the results underscore the pivotal role of steroid metabolism in the pathogenesis of sebaceous gland tumors and suggest that androgen-biosynthetic pathways may offer promising therapeutic targets.
Adjuvant nutritional management of canine insulinoma: A case report.
Moreno GPT, de Oliveira NMC, Lima LOC … +3 more , Teixeira N, Marchi PH, Vendramini THA
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41967456 · Publisher ↗
Insulinoma is a functional tumor of pancreatic beta cells characterized by excessive insulin secretion, resulting in persistent hypoglycemia. This report describes the case of a 12-year-old male neutered Lhasa Apso dog a...
Insulinoma is a functional tumor of pancreatic beta cells characterized by excessive insulin secretion, resulting in persistent hypoglycemia. This report describes the case of a 12-year-old male neutered Lhasa Apso dog admitted to the hospital service with persistent hypoglycemia and neurological signs. Complementary examinations suggested insulinoma, which was confirmed by histopathology. Although the surgical procedure was uneventful, postoperative hypoglycemia persisted, with frequent episodes of tremors and prostration, mean serum glucose concentration was 36 mg/dL. Due to limited access to specific drug therapies, nutritional modification was implemented using a commercial diet formulated for diabetes mellitus, supplemented with lentils, psyllium, and beta-glucans. The dietary intervention led to reduced glycemic variability, resolution of hypoglycemia-related clinical signs, decreased glucocorticoid dosage and an improvement in mean blood glucose concentration was observed, reaching 53 mg/dL. This case report highlights the importance of nutrition as a low-cost and accessible adjuvant therapy for dogs diagnosed with insulinoma.
Potential feed-to-milk transfer of tridemorph-fungicide detected by untargeted LC-HRMS-based metabolomics screening.
Amaliyah S, Aurum FS, Damayanti E … +8 more , Dwiyitno D, Karimy MF, Rosyida VT, Fitrianto N, Ndraha N, Siregar TH, Pourazad P, Aditya S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41965141 · Publisher ↗
The transfer of agrochemical residues into dairy products is a potential food safety concern, particularly in regions where residue monitoring remains limited. This study applied untargeted metabolomic LC-HRMS screening...
The transfer of agrochemical residues into dairy products is a potential food safety concern, particularly in regions where residue monitoring remains limited. This study applied untargeted metabolomic LC-HRMS screening to investigate chemical features in dairy feed and corresponding milk samples collected from smallholder farms in East Java, Indonesia. A tridemorph-related feature was detected in both matrices, supported by accurate mass measurements (≤ ±5 ppm), consistent retention times (ΔRT = 0.025 min), stable mass errors within ±5 ppm, and MS spectral matching, corresponding to Schymanski Level 2 confidence. Semi-quantitative analysis based on relative peak areas showed significantly higher values in milk than in feed (p < 0.0001), with a median milk-to-feed ratio of 2.32. However, no significant farm-level correlation was observed between matrices (ρ = -0.19, p = 0.523), suggesting that transfer dynamics may be complex rather than directly proportional. Although absolute quantification was not performed, the co-occurrence of consistent tridemorph-related signals in feed and milk is compatible with the possibility of feed-to-milk transfer. These findings highlight the value of high-resolution untargeted screening approaches for proactive surveillance of agrochemical residues in dairy production systems.
Synergistic protection: Integrating in silico and in vivo evidence for Moringa oleifera flavonoids as potent Mitigators of Deltamethrin toxicity.
Sarfraz M, Baboo I, Farooq Z … +2 more , Khaliq H, Palangi V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41965140 · Publisher ↗
Deltamethrin (DM), a highly effective synthetic pyrethroid, has been associated with neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and pronounced oxidative stress, primarily through the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage...
Deltamethrin (DM), a highly effective synthetic pyrethroid, has been associated with neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and pronounced oxidative stress, primarily through the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage cellular components. The present study integrates in silico molecular modelling with in vivo experimentation using a Japanese quail model to evaluate the toxic effects of DM and the protective potential of Moringa oleifera (MO) flavonoids, namely quercetin and kaempferol. In silico analysis revealed that DM possesses high predicted toxicity, whereas MO flavonoids exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties, lower toxicity, and strong binding affinities (up to -9.7 kcal/mol) toward key targets including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), caspase-3, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), suggesting their potential to modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses further highlighted oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and apoptotic signaling as central mechanisms underlying DM toxicity. For in vivo evaluation, Japanese quails were fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg DM as a positive control (PC) group, along with diets containing MO (0.3-0.7 g/kg) for 42 days. The PC group exhibited significant impairment in growth performance and hematological parameters, severe hepato-renal injury (elevated AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea), and marked oxidative stress (increased MDA with decreased SOD and CAT activities). Dietary supplementation with MO, particularly at 0.7 g/kg, resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent improvement in growth performance, normalization of hematobiochemical parameters, and restoration of antioxidant defense systems. These findings corroborate computational predictions and demonstrate that MO flavonoids effectively mitigate DM-induced toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and inhibiting apoptosis. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MO at 0.7 g/kg acts as a potent natural phytogenic intervention against DM-induced oxidative damage, organ dysfunction, and performance decline, supporting its application in environmental and clinical toxicology.
Factors associated with the occurrence of severe teat-end hyperkeratosis in dairy herds in southern Brazil.
Cardozo LL, Knob DA, Santos PT … +7 more , Pelizza A, Mori AP, Camera M, Kappes R, Sfaciotte RAP, Pantoja JCF, Neto AT
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41965139 · Publisher ↗
We aimed to evaluate animal- and farm-level factors associated with severe teat-end hyperkeratosis (THK) in dairy herds in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in 11 farms and included 642 lactating cows. Farms were...
We aimed to evaluate animal- and farm-level factors associated with severe teat-end hyperkeratosis (THK) in dairy herds in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in 11 farms and included 642 lactating cows. Farms were visited four times over a year to collect data on THK scores. Cows were classified as having severe THK if at least one teat was scored as 4. Parity, days in milk (DIM), milk yield, and somatic cell count (SCC) data were obtained monthly from official milk recording systems. Frequency analysis were performed to evaluate the occurrence of severe THK within different classes of milk yield, parity, DIM, and SCC, and variables related to milking system and maintenance. Logistic regression was performed to estimate risk factors associated with severe THK. Cows producing <20 kg/day had lower odds of severe THK than cows producing 20-30 kg/day (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.94) and > 30 kg/day (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.78). Early-lactation cows were less likely to develop severe THK than cows with 101-200 DIM (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.41-0.99) or 201-500 DIM (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.94). Primiparous cows had lower odds of severe THK than multiparous cows (OR range: 0.50-0.58). Farms without automatic cluster removers, those milking cows three times per day, and those performing sporadic maintenance of the milking system showed a significantly increased risk of severe THK. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate milking management and equipment maintenance to mitigate severe THK.
Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles revealed increased expression of genes related to proteasome in feline nasal lymphoma.
Tsuruta T, Tomiyasu H, Sakuma H … +14 more , Shimano S, Nagao I, Toyoda H, Fukuoka R, Ohmi A, Fujita N, Momoi Y, Ohshima T, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Takahashi N, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Goto-Koshino Y, Okuda M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41962429 · Publisher ↗
Feline nasal lymphoma (FNL) is the most common nasal tumor in cats. Although some negative prognostic factors for FNL have been previously reported, further studies on its molecular pathophysiology are needed. In the pre...
Feline nasal lymphoma (FNL) is the most common nasal tumor in cats. Although some negative prognostic factors for FNL have been previously reported, further studies on its molecular pathophysiology are needed. In the present study, we conducted comprehensive investigations of gene expression profiles (GEPs) in FNL. GEPs were compared between 17 FNL tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of 3 healthy cats by RNA-sequencing. Then, we extracted differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the differences in their mRNA expression levels were validated by RT-qPCR using 31 FNL, 3 lymph node (LN), and 3 PBMC samples. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to validate the expression of the focused protein in 11 FNL tissues and LN of 3 healthy cats. The comparisons of GEPs between FNL and PBMC samples identified 7208 DEGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that 76 pathways including those related to tumor biology were significantly enriched with DEGs. Part of the extracted pathways commonly included DEGs related to proteasome. RT-qPCR analysis showed a trend toward increased expression of PSMD2 and PSMB5 genes in the FNL samples. In addition, immunohistochemistry also showed that PSMD2 protein expression was comparable and higher when compared with those of germinal centers and other areas of normal lymph nodes, respectively. Our results showed dysregulation of various pathways related to tumor biology and suggested upregulation of genes and proteins related to the proteasome in FNL. Future studies are needed to clarify their associations with the pathogenesis of FNL.
Optimisation of an existing heifer matrix and its association with reproductive performance in nulliparous pasture-based dairy heifers.
Thomson EE, Kelly ET, Brennan JPN … +2 more , McDonald MM, Beltman ME
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jul · PMID 41962428 · Publisher ↗
The reproductive performance of dairy heifers can be predicted using a matrix including the percentage of mature body weight, body condition score (BCS) and presence of a corpus luteum. Given the subjectivity of conditio...
The reproductive performance of dairy heifers can be predicted using a matrix including the percentage of mature body weight, body condition score (BCS) and presence of a corpus luteum. Given the subjectivity of condition scoring, backfat thickness determined by ultrasound could be used as an alternative measurement. The objectives of this historical retrospective observational study were to determine the relationship between BCS and backfat thickness ultrasonography (BFT), and to determine whether altering BCS thresholds or substituting BFT into this matrix was associated with subsequent reproductive outcomes. Nulliparous heifers (n = 718), from 8 seasonal, pasture-based dairy farms, were admitted for pre-breeding examination approximately one month (average 36.8 days) prior to the mating start date. Each heifer was weighed, body condition scored (on a five-point scale) and received a transrectal ultrasound examination to determine the presence of a corpus luteum by one operator. BFT was assessed by a different operator, using a separate ultrasound device placed midway between the tuber ischiae and tuber coxae on one side of the rump. Breeding was commenced on fixed calendar dates and was individually managed on each farm with subsequent pregnancy status being determined by transrectal ultrasonography. All analyses were performed in RStudio. The relationship between BCS and backfat thickness was assessed initially by Pearson's correlation (0.56). The difference between backfat thickness mean and BCS category was tested using a one-way ANOVA and was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Tukey's test was used to show that the mean values of backfat thickness were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) between each BCS category (except 3.75 and 4). The established matrix included three criteria: ≥55% mature bodyweight at mating start date, ≥3.5 BCS and presence of a corpus luteum at pre-breeding examination; with heifers achieving all three criterion being classified as READY and those achieving no criterion classified as PROBLEM. Three alternate matrices were also tested by either amending the BCS threshold (i.e., amending to ≥3.25) or substituting BCS with a backfat thickness measurement (i.e., thresholds of either ≥22.6 mm or ≥ 25 mm selected). All matrices were tested for association with reproductive outcomes (i.e., pregnant within three and six weeks post-mating start date) using logistic regression with farm treated as a random effect and heifer breed forced into each model. Goodness of fit for each model was examined by comparing the AIC and BIC of each model. Both the matrices including body condition score (≥3.25 and ≥ 3.5) and backfat thickness (≥22.6 mm) were significant associated with pregnancy by six weeks post breeding. However, the matrix using the threshold of BCS ≥3.25 was significant associated with pregnancy by three weeks post breeding and had the best statistical model fit overall. The results indicate that although BFT measurement may be used as an alternative to body condition scoring in this reproductive matrix, body condition scoring still remains preferrable.
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