Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Corrigendum to "Assessment of the inter and intra-individual variability in the jump of agility dogs" [Research in Veterinary Science 193 (2025) 105749].
López P, Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Miró F
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41887940 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Assessing antibody stability in filter paper-preserved blood samples for wildlife disease surveillance in tropical forests.
Menajovsky MF, Ulloa GM, Fa JE … +3 more , Montes D, Funk S, Mayor P
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41875629 · Publisher ↗
Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper are widely used for serological diagnosis because they require minimal blood volumes and enable storage and transport without refrigeration, making them particularly useful in remo...
Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper are widely used for serological diagnosis because they require minimal blood volumes and enable storage and transport without refrigeration, making them particularly useful in remote and resource-limited settings. However, DBS-based serology may be compromised by methodological variability and the lack of standardized preservation protocols. We evaluated the effects of preservation factors and quality indicators on DBS serological performance for Toxoplasma gondii, a pathogen with a broad host range and limited seasonal variability. We analyzed 787 dB samples from 17 mammal species collected by subsistence hunters in an Indigenous community in the northern Peruvian Amazon between 2008 and 2020. Recorded variables included filter paper type, time to cold-chain initiation, time to analysis, blood saturation, fungal contamination, and colorimetric values of reconstituted blood. Linear models with Type II ANOVA and AIC-based model selection were used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. Filter paper type was the primary determinant of serological outcomes, while severe fungal contamination was associated with reduced seropositivity. Colorimetric values were significantly related to serological results and may serve as a simple indicator of sample quality. These findings highlight the importance of standardized preservation protocols to minimize false negatives under tropical conditions. DBS-based serological studies should prioritize Protein Saver cards, limit fungal growth, and incorporate basic quality assessments to improve the reliability of wildlife disease surveillance within a One Health framework.
Laboratory and field evaluation of LAMP assays for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis.
Vioti G, Leonel JAF, de Sousa Oliveira TMF … +7 more , da Silva DT, Alves ML, Nakaghi ACH, Keid LB, Cortez LRPB, Costa TD, Soares RM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41875628 · Publisher ↗
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum remains a major public health concern in endemic regions and has shown geographic expansion in recent decades. Accurate and accessible diagnostics are essential f...
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum remains a major public health concern in endemic regions and has shown geographic expansion in recent decades. Accurate and accessible diagnostics are essential for detecting infection in canine reservoirs that sustain transmission. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) represents a promising alternative to PCR-based techniques, combining diagnostic accuracy with lower cost and operational simplicity. Five LAMP assays targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), and the K26 gene were evaluated and compared with nested PCR targeting ITS1 (nPCR-ITS1). Most assays demonstrated species-level specificity for L. infantum, with the exception of the ITS2-targeting assay, which showed cross-amplification with Leishmania amazonensis. The kDNA-, ITS1-, and K26-targeting assays showed analytical sensitivity comparable to or higher than nPCR-ITS1. Considering its analytical performance and shared molecular target with the reference method, the ITS1-targeting assay (LAMP-P34) was selected for field evaluation. In canine samples from endemic and non-endemic areas, LAMP-P34 showed 80.4% sensitivity (37/46) and 100% specificity (0/58), using a reference panel based on nPCR-ITS1 positivity in lymph node or bone marrow samples to define infection and combined negative serology and molecular results to define non-infected dogs. Agreement with nPCR-ITS1 was almost perfect (κ = 0.887; 116/122, 95.1%). The high concordance with nPCR-ITS1 together with a simplified workflow underscores the potential of LAMP-P34 to expand access to molecular diagnosis and strengthen surveillance and control strategies in endemic areas.
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli isolated from wild boars.
Arslan S, Schena R, Romano A … +3 more , Hohenegger M, De Martino L, Nocera FP
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41864121 · Publisher ↗
The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed and ecologically adaptable species, increasingly recognized as a useful sentinel for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the human-livestock-wildlife interface....
The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed and ecologically adaptable species, increasingly recognized as a useful sentinel for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the human-livestock-wildlife interface. This study investigated the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, with particular focus on biofilm-forming ability and associated resistance determinants, in wild boars from Southern Italy. Nasal swabs were collected from healthy wild boars harvested during the 2023 hunting season in the Campania Region. E. coli isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and characterized for phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles. Biofilm production was evaluated using the crystal violet assay, while biofilm-associated genes and selected resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 81 E. coli isolates were analysed. Biofilm formation was detected in 66 isolates (81.5%), mainly as weak producers, and was positively correlated with the presence of biofilm-associated genes (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001), predominantly fliC (13.6%), fimH (9.9%), papC (8.6%), and agn43/flu (6.2%). Carbapenemase genes were predominantly detected among biofilm gene-positive isolates, including the combined presence of bla, bla, and bla in three strains. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for bla, mphA, and bla when comparing biofilm gene-positive and -negative strains. Most isolates exhibited a MDR phenotype, with a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.20 to 0.39. These findings highlight wild boars as potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant E. coli and reveal the complex interplay between biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and wildlife, underscoring the need to include wildlife in integrated One Health antimicrobial resistance surveillance strategies.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal immune activation and suppressed oxidative phosphorylation modules in chronic neck injection-site lesions of finishing pigs.
Zhao J, Cai L, Wang Z … +2 more , Zhang Y, Cui Y
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41864120 · Publisher ↗
Routine intramuscular neck injections, including vaccination, are frequently associated with persistent injection-site lesions (ISLs) in finishing pigs, leading to carcass trimming and economic loss. Here, we performed p...
Routine intramuscular neck injections, including vaccination, are frequently associated with persistent injection-site lesions (ISLs) in finishing pigs, leading to carcass trimming and economic loss. Here, we performed paired transcriptomic and TMT-based proteomic profiling of chronic neck ISLs and matched grossly normal neck muscle from the same animals. Grossly, lesions were palpable nodules with cavitary changes and turbid contents. Histology showed chronic inflammation with focal myofiber degeneration/necrosis and fibrous encapsulation. Integrative analysis identified 130 overlapping features with concordance between transcript and protein fold-changes. Enrichment analysis indicated a distinct split: upregulated features involved innate immune and phagosome-related pathways, whereas downregulated features were dominated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation modules in bulk tissue. These data support a bulk immunometabolic signature of sustained inflammatory programs alongside suppressed oxidative phosphorylation in chronic ISLs, which may inform mitigation strategies under field conditions.
Comparison of the effects of resveratrol and ozonated olive oil on open wound healing: An experimental rat model.
Öksüz CŞ, Çakmakçı E, Kibar B … +1 more , Belge A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41864119 · Publisher ↗
This study comparatively evaluated the efficacy of resveratrol (RSV) and ozonated olive oil (OOO) for the treatment of full-thickness excisional dorsal skin wounds in an experimental rat model. Bilateral 6-mm full-thickn...
This study comparatively evaluated the efficacy of resveratrol (RSV) and ozonated olive oil (OOO) for the treatment of full-thickness excisional dorsal skin wounds in an experimental rat model. Bilateral 6-mm full-thickness wounds were created in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were allocated to RSV and OOO groups (n = 12 each). In each rat, one wound received topical treatment, while the contralateral wound served as an untreated internal control. Macroscopic evaluations were performed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 11, and histopathological assessments were conducted on days 7 and 11. Macroscopically, the RSV group showed significantly smaller wound surface areas on days 3 and 5 (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, RSV-treated wounds achieved a significantly higher epithelial regeneration score on day 11 compared with OOO (p < 0.05). In within-group comparisons, RSV-treated wounds exhibited higher epithelial regeneration and lower ulcer-necrosis scores on day 7 (p < 0.05). OOO-treated wounds showed higher epithelial regeneration on day 7 (p < 0.05) and significantly increased vascular proliferation by day 11 compared with internal controls (p < 0.05). Both topical agents demonstrated therapeutic potential versus their respective controls; however, RSV appeared more effective in accelerating wound healing and was not associated with application-related irritation (e.g., hyperemia and pruritus) observed in the OOO group.
Corrigendum to 'Paper A survey to evaluate the use of the Erector Spinae Plane block (ESPB) in small animal practice title of article' Research in Veterinary Science 204 (2026) 106126.
Cabellos Clemente C, Pawson P, Robertson J
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41850957 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Corrigendum to "Prevalence and distribution of anisakid species in fish from North African marine waters: A systematic review and meta-Analysis" [Research in Veterinary Science 203 (2026) 1-10/ 106123].
Nahal A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41833477 · Publisher ↗
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Utility of saliva in rapid post-mortem rabies diagnosis in animals by lateral flow assay.
Bhalke PS, Chandel S, Reddy V … +9 more , Lodha L, Gupta S, Kavya P, Lakshman D, Chandrashekar B, Sharada R, Ashwini MA, Isloor S, Mani RS
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41831351 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Animal rabies diagnosis traditionally relies on direct fluorescent antigen (DFA) test on post-mortem brain tissue, but its use is limited by infrastructure and accessibility. Saliva offers a simple, non-inv...
INTRODUCTION: Animal rabies diagnosis traditionally relies on direct fluorescent antigen (DFA) test on post-mortem brain tissue, but its use is limited by infrastructure and accessibility. Saliva offers a simple, non-invasive alternative suitable for field testing. This study evaluates saliva-based rabies detection using lateral flow assay (LFA) and LN34 real-time RT-PCR, with the aim of developing practical, decentralized diagnostic tools with reliable sensitivity and specificity for resource-limited settings. METHODS: The study included paired post-mortem animal brain and saliva samples. LFA and LN34 RT-PCR were performed on both sample types, while DFA was performed on brain samples. The performance of saliva as a screening sample was assessed by comparison with brain DFA results. RESULTS: Compared with DFA, LFA performed on 239 brain samples showed 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 97.98-100) and 94.83% specificity (95% CI: 85.62-98.92), with kappa value of 0.94. The diagnostic performance of LFA and RT-PCR on saliva was assessed only in cases where DFA and RT-PCR results were concordant in the corresponding brain tissue. In saliva samples, LFA demonstrated a sensitivity of 89.50% (95% CI: 84.09-93.56) and a specificity of 93.88% (95% CI: 83.13-98.72) when compared with brain DFA and RT-PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: Field surveillance is critical for rabies control. Saliva-based LFA detected 90% of rabies positive cases compared with brain DFA, offering a practical, non-invasive option where brain sampling is not feasible. Although specificity is lower, combining saliva LFA with RT-PCR as a tiered diagnostic approach can improve surveillance, case detection, and diagnostic capacity in resource-limited endemic settings.
A modelling exploration of potential spatiotemporal risk of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus introduction to Danish dairy herds through the contaminated environment.
Liu Y, Boklund AE, Kjær LJ … +3 more , Liang Y, Mortensen S, Kirkeby CT
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41825356 · Publisher ↗
Circulation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) among cattle in the US as a result from spillover events from wild birds has been reported since 2024. The consequences have reduced animal welfare and milk...
Circulation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) among cattle in the US as a result from spillover events from wild birds has been reported since 2024. The consequences have reduced animal welfare and milk production and increased human exposure to infections. With HPAIV detected in British sheep in March 2025 and bovine antibodies detected in Dutch dairy cow in January 2026, the threat of a wider spread in European ruminants has been underscored. To timely detect and react against the spread of HPAIV in cattle appearing in new regions, it is essential to assess the spatiotemporal risk from wild birds. We here utilised a previously developed spatiotemporal simulation model for avian influenza in birds in Denmark to assess the weekly risk of introduction to dairy herds in 10 by 10 km squares. We estimated that the peak risk period for potential transmission to dairy herds is between January and March. Areas with the highest risk estimates include northern Jutland and southern Zealand, associated with a dense dairy population and the wild bird migration corridor, respectively. While these results likely represent a worst-case scenario, as many Danish herds are housed indoors during the peak risk months, the model provides a crucial benchmark for environmental infection pressure. The results can be used as a guideline for where and when to monitor for HPAIV introductions to dairy herds in Denmark.
Efficacy of common disinfectants used in Malaysia against isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) on surfaces simulating poultry farm environment.
Yerima AA, Hassan L, Musa HI … +1 more , Zakaria Z
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41819616 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are significant causes of hospital-acquired infections and may persist in farm environments, posing a risk of transmission. Their resistance to multiple antimicrobials m...
BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are significant causes of hospital-acquired infections and may persist in farm environments, posing a risk of transmission. Their resistance to multiple antimicrobials makes effective disinfection essential, particularly on surfaces contaminated with organic matter. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of three disinfectants (Lindores-30 (Iodophor), (Omnicide Glutareldehyde/Quarternary Ammonium Compound), and Ecos Timsen (Quarternary Ammonium Compound) applied at recommended in-use concentrations against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from chickens and healthy farm workers. METHODS: The influence of surface type (stainless steel and wood) and organic soiling on disinfectant performance was evaluated according to the European surface test protocol (EN 14349), microbiocidal effect (ME) was measured under clean and soiled conditions. RESULTS: Under clean conditions, all disinfectants showed moderate activity, with ME values ranging from 2 to 5. Ecos Timsen was most effective against E. faecalis on stainless steel (ME: 5.29 ± 1.44), while Omnicide was least effective (ME: 2.38 ± 0.58). On wooden surfaces, Omnicide had the highest ME (3.53 ± 0.49) for E. faecalis. Efficacy declined significantly under soiled conditions. On stainless steel, Omnicide had the highest ME (2.43 ± 0.57) for E. faecalis, while Ecos Timsen was least effective against E. faecium (ME: 1.53 ± 1.01). On wood, Ecos Timsen performed best (ME: 2.27 ± 0.58), and Lindores-30 was least effective (ME: 1.11 ± 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: The disinfectants tested were insufficient to eliminate VRE, especially under soiled conditions. Surface type and organic contamination significantly influenced efficacy, underscoring the need for enhanced disinfection protocols in veterinary and agricultural settings.
Immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis in renal tissue: Focus on lymphocytes and cytokines in effusive and non-effusive forms.
Usta M, Ayaz A, Kurban MY … +1 more , Karaman M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41819615 · Publisher ↗
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal systemic disease caused by a virulent biotype of feline coronavirus, characterized by complex and heterogeneous immune responses. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate...
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal systemic disease caused by a virulent biotype of feline coronavirus, characterized by complex and heterogeneous immune responses. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate renal histopathological alterations and immune profiles in effusive and non-effusive forms of FIP, with particular emphasis on cytokine expression, lymphocyte subsets, and apoptosis. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidney tissues from 40 cats with immunohistochemically confirmed FIP (20 effusive, 20 non-effusive) were retrospectively analyzed. Renal lesions were semi-quantitatively scored using digital pathology, and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, CD8, CD19, and Caspase-3 expression. Effusive FIP was characterized by prominent vascular and exudative lesions, accompanied by significantly increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and higher CD19 B-cell immunoreactivity, consistent with a cytokine-driven, humoral-dominant immune response. In contrast, non-effusive FIP exhibited more localized granulomatous inflammation, increased CD8 T-cell infiltration, more pronounced interstitial fibrosis, and significantly higher Caspase-3 immunoreactivity, indicating enhanced apoptotic activity. Correlation analysis demonstrated no consistent positive association between CD8 T-cell density and Caspase-3 expression, suggesting that apoptosis in renal tissue is not solely mediated by cytotoxic T-cell activity. Furthermore, despite elevated TNF-α expression in effusive cases, Caspase-3 immunoreactivity remained relatively low, implying that alternative, potentially caspase-independent mechanisms of cell injury may predominate in this form. Overall, these findings indicate that effusive and non-effusive FIP are associated with distinct patterns of immune polarization and tissue injury rather than representing sequential stages of a uniform pathogenic process. Recognition of these divergent immunopathological profiles may contribute to improved interpretation of FIP lesions and support the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Linking faecal microbiota changes to clinical and prognostic features in dogs with mast cell tumours through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Aluai-Cunha C, Couto A, Oliveira D … +9 more , Leite-Martins L, Santos M, Marcos R, Gregório H, Petrucci G, Ribeiro J, Correia A, Serra CR, Santos A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41812341 · Publisher ↗
Mast cell tumours (MCT) represent one of the most relevant oncologic diseases in veterinary medicine, due to their high incidence, significant impact on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Therapeutic options...
Mast cell tumours (MCT) represent one of the most relevant oncologic diseases in veterinary medicine, due to their high incidence, significant impact on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Therapeutic options remain limited, thereby reinforcing the critical need to identify additional oncogenic drivers, and a growing body of evidence has underscored the pivotal role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of neoplastic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate whether taxonomic groups identified in the faecal microbiota of dogs diagnosed with MCT are associated with clinicopathological features and patient's outcomes. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the faecal microbiota was characterised in 47 dogs. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted in Python using a DADA2-based pipeline to process amplicon sequence variants (ASV). Statistical models were applied to identify taxonomic groups associated with clinicopathological and prognostic features. Increased abundance of Pseudomonadota and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was detected in patients with lower disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001; p = 0.01) and lower overall survival (OS) (p < 0.01; p < 0.01). Moreover, the class Clostridia was also more prevalent in patients with metastases (p = 0.02). Patients with grade III MCT and mitotic index ≥5 HPF had a higher predominance of Phascolarctobacterium (p = 0.03; p = 0.01). The genus Escherichia-Shigella was also significantly associated with a lower DFS (p < 0.01) and OS (p < 0.01). This study was the first to provide insight into faecal microbial profiles associated with MCT clinicopathological features and patients' prognosis in dogs and it was found that the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa was significantly increased in individuals with more aggressive disease, particularly those taxa considered potentially pathogenic or detrimental to health.
Prognostic relevance of selected nucleotide variants in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors.
Sirivisoot S, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S … +1 more , Rungsipipat A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41812340 · Publisher ↗
Multiple genetic variants of specific genes, such as KIT, GNAI2, and SETD2, have been reported in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). A familiar internal tandem duplication of KIT in exon 11 is associated with poor prognosis...
Multiple genetic variants of specific genes, such as KIT, GNAI2, and SETD2, have been reported in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). A familiar internal tandem duplication of KIT in exon 11 is associated with poor prognosis. However, others common mutated genes in canine MCTs as increased risks to recurrence or death remain unexplored. This study investigated 39 genetic variants contributed to MCT-related risk factors and prognoses in paraffin shaved specimens from 38 low-grade and 34 high-grade MCTs using multiplex genotyping (MassARRAY, Agena Bioscience). The associations between observed genetic variants and prognostic factors were statistically analyzed. SETD2 c.1108_1109del tended to present in MCTs with aberrant expression of KIT (P = 0.05). GNB1 c.346_347delinsTA/TT wild types were likely to harbor in less aggressive MCTs (P = 0.007). MCT dogs having TP53 c.659 T > C were 1.65 times higher hazard risk on decreased time to recurrence by univariate analysis (95% CI 1.02-2.67, P = 0.041), but not in multivariate analysis. Our study suggests that SETD2 c.1108_1109del, and TP53 c.659 T > C may associate with poor prognosis; however, further study with larger samples is needed to confirm these correlations.
Combined exposure to monosodium glutamate and sodium sulfite in broiler diets: Impacts on growth, oxidative stress, and tissue integrity.
Abd El-Maguid DS, Elghaffar SKA, Abd Ellatief EM … +4 more , Yahia D, Abdel-Maguid ASM, Hamdy H, Elsharkawy E
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41812339 · Publisher ↗
Food additives are extensively utilized to improve the flavor, appearance, and shelf life of food products. Although the safety of many approved additives has been evaluated individually, their potential combined effects...
Food additives are extensively utilized to improve the flavor, appearance, and shelf life of food products. Although the safety of many approved additives has been evaluated individually, their potential combined effects remain insufficiently characterized and may pose health risks. This study investigated the safety and biological impacts of two commonly used food additives-monosodium glutamate (MSG) and sodium sulfite-administered separately and in combination in broiler diets from day 1 to day 40. The combined supplementation of MSG (0.75 g/kg) and sodium sulfite (3.5 g/kg) exhibited neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects but resulted in the lowest growth performance compared to the control and single-additive groups. MSG alone produced slight improvements in economic efficiency, whereas sodium sulfite, alone or combined with MSG, did not yield comparable benefits. Biochemical analyses revealed elevated serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) across all treated groups, indicating increased oxidative stress. The comet assay showed no significant DNA damage in brain cells; however, mild histopathological alterations were observed in cardiac and brain tissues. Overall, these findings underscore the necessity of assessing the combined exposure of food additives in poultry feed formulations to ensure animal health and production safety.
Parvoviral active surveillance in a veterinary teaching hospital in Northern Italy.
Facile V, Gallina L, Magliocca M … +7 more , Magagnoli I, Terrusi A, Ciurli G, Vilardi S, Giunti M, Battilani M, Balboni A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41807895 · Publisher ↗
Parvovirus is a highly stable virus that can cause severe health consequences in dogs and cats. However, it is rarely included in surveillance programs for healthcare-associated infections, despite being capable of persi...
Parvovirus is a highly stable virus that can cause severe health consequences in dogs and cats. However, it is rarely included in surveillance programs for healthcare-associated infections, despite being capable of persisting and spreading easily within hospital environments. For these reasons, parvovirus was selected as the target pathogen to implement a self-designed active surveillance protocol in the infection isolation area of a veterinary teaching hospital in Italy between 2021 and 2022. The aims of this study were to evaluate viral shedding in hospitalized dogs and cats and assess the effectiveness of disinfection procedures. Five dogs and two cats were included. For each hospitalization, animal (rectal and haircoat) and environmental (before and after disinfection) swab samples were collected and tested by real-time PCR for parvoviral DNA detection and genetic characterization. Viral isolation was performed on haircoat samples to assess viral viability. High quantities of parvoviral DNA were detected in all rectal swab samples, even at time of discharge. Viable virus was identified in haircoat samples from five out of seven animals, confirming the role of contaminated haircoat in viral shedding and highlighting the risk of transmission even after the resolution of clinical signs. Disinfection protocols adopted were largely effective, with few exceptions, mainly concerning instruments handled by staff, suggesting the need for improved attention to indirectly contaminated items. The surveillance protocol developed in this study demonstrates that parvovirus infections continue to pose a concrete risk of nosocomial transmission in veterinary healthcare settings.
A survey to evaluate the use of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in small animal practice.
Cabellos Clemente C, Pawson P, Robertson J
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41802380 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current use, techniques, perceived effectiveness and contraindications of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in veterinary anaesthesia, and to explore how factors such as workplace, personal...
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current use, techniques, perceived effectiveness and contraindications of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in veterinary anaesthesia, and to explore how factors such as workplace, personal experience, and training may influence its application. STUDY DESIGN: Anonymous online voluntary survey. METHODS: An online survey, designed following CHERRIES guidelines, was distributed via several platforms relevant to the veterinary anaesthesia community between July and September 2024. RESULTS: The response rate was of 11.8% (235/2000), with a completion rate of 86.4%. Among respondents, 192 reported performing the ESPB in dogs, with 98 doing so several times per week. The most common indications were lumbar and thoracic hemilaminectomies and dorsal laminectomies, and three out of four respondents reported it to be almost always effective. The ESPB was mainly performed under general anaesthesia. A parasagittal approach was most used in the thoracic region, whereas both parasagittal and transverse approaches were commonly used in the lumbar region. The block was performed both unilaterally and bilaterally. Bupivacaine was the most used agent, typically at 2 mg/kg and 0.4 ml/kg. The block was generally considered safe. Skin infection and neoplasia at injection site were the most frequently reported contraindications. The most common reasons for not using the ESPB were unfamiliarity with the technique and with US-guided blocks in general. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ESPB appears to be a safe, effective and accessible technique for most veterinary anaesthetists in this survey. Its applications extend beyond surgical procedures involving the dorsolateral aspect of the trunk.
Microbial dynamics in sorghum-based diets: impact of phase feeding and phytase superdosing vs. corn-based diets.
Sasia S, Ortiz M, Peña M … +2 more , Lumpkins B, Arguelles-Ramos M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41795238 · Publisher ↗
This study evaluated the cecal microbiome of broilers fed sorghum- or corn-based diets with standard or superdosed phytase across different feeding phases. A total of 1500 male broiler chicks were reared for 42 days in a...
This study evaluated the cecal microbiome of broilers fed sorghum- or corn-based diets with standard or superdosed phytase across different feeding phases. A total of 1500 male broiler chicks were reared for 42 days in a floor pen facility and assigned to three dietary treatments. Birds received a corn-based diet with standard phytase, a sorghum-based diet with standard phytase, or a sorghum-based diet with phytase superdosing. Cecal samples were collected at the end of the starter, grower, and finisher phases for 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbial diversity increased as birds matured, with the lowest diversity observed in the starter phase and the greatest richness in the finisher phase. Microbial community structure clustered distinctly by feeding phase, confirming that age and diet progression were the main drivers of microbiota composition. Grain type and phytase level had minimal influence on alpha or beta diversity, although sorghum inclusion was associated with shifts in specific taxa, such as increased Muribaculaceae and reduced Ruminococcaceae. Overall growth performance and microbiome profiles were similar across dietary treatments, reinforcing the potential of sorghum as an effective substitute for corn in broiler diets. The findings highlight the importance of diet phase progression in shaping gut microbial communities and demonstrate that phytase superdosing does not substantially alter microbiome dynamics under these conditions.
Horse immune response of recombinant Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine: Assessing the immunomodulatory impact of probiotic supplementation.
Conrad NL, Mazzoleni I, Abreu MC … +4 more , Costa AV, Di Giácomo CP, Zorzi VSG, Leite FPL
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41793861 · Publisher ↗
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), caused by Lawsonia intracellularis induces intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, resulting in malabsorption, weight loss, colic, and diarrhea. Despite its clinical and economic import...
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), caused by Lawsonia intracellularis induces intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, resulting in malabsorption, weight loss, colic, and diarrhea. Despite its clinical and economic importance, no equine-specific vaccine is commercially available. Recombinant subunit vaccines are a safe and scalable alternative; however, their immunogenicity often requires improvement. Probiotic supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis may act as an immunomodulatory strategy to potentiate vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant protein fragment derived from the li0902 gene of L. intracellularis, fused to the tetanus toxin (TT-Th) molecule, in horses, and to determine the impact of B. toyonensis supplementation on vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses. The rLiTT antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Horses were vaccinated with rLiTT, with or without B. toyonensis supplementation. Serum IgG and IgG subisotypes were quantified by ELISA, and cytokine gene transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed by qPCR. Vaccination with rLiTT elicited a specific humoral response in all horses. Supplementation with B. toyonensis significantly enhanced total IgG, particularly IgGb, and modulated IgGa and IgGT responses. Cytokine analysis showed an upregulation of mRNA transcription for il6 (∼9-fold), il4, tnf-α (∼5-fold), and il10, which was undetectable in unsupplemented animals. Conversely, il12 and il1 transcription decreased, suggesting attenuation of early pro-inflammatory signaling. The rLiTT protein represents a promising vaccine candidate against L. intracellularis. B. toyonensis supplementation enhanced both humoral and cellular immunity, supporting its potential as a probiotic adjuvant in equine vaccination strategies.
Reducing carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli in high-risk veterinary hospital units through targeted infection prevention and control.
Leelapsawas C, Torsahakul C, Mehl NS … +7 more , Kradangnga K, Sroithongkham P, Indra R, Wannamala P, Keerativitayanant L, Chuanchuen R, Chanchaithong P
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41793860 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of targeted infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions on carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (CP-GNB) contamination and colonization in high-risk veterinary ho...
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of targeted infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions on carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (CP-GNB) contamination and colonization in high-risk veterinary hospital units, including the critical care unit (CCU), inpatient department (IPD), and operating room (OR). A ten-month quasi-experimental longitudinal study was conducted, comprising a three-month pre-intervention sampling period, a four-month IPC intervention period, and a three-month post-intervention sampling period. CP-GNB were collected from environmental surfaces, rectal swabs, and clinical specimens. During the pre-intervention sampling period, high frequencies of environmental CP-GNB contamination were detected-64.6% (42/66) in the CCU, 80.0% (44/55) in the IPD, and 39.3% (33/84) in the OR-with patient colonization rates of 55.0% (11/20) in the CCU and 45.0% (9/20) in the IPD. Carbapenemase-producing (CP) Acinetobacter baumannii (CP-Ab) predominated in the environment, whereas CP-Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) and CP-Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp) predominated in intestinal carriage. Molecular analysis revealed the clonal distribution of CP-Ab sequence type (ST) 16 and ST1359 carrying bla; CP-Kp ST147 carrying bla or bla; CP-Ec ST156 carrying bla and ST410 carrying bla and bla; and CP-Enterobacter hormaechei ST121 carrying bla, circulating among animal patients and hospital environments. Following the IPC interventions, CP-GNB contamination decreased significantly by 40.4% in the CCU, 68.1% in the IPD, and 87.8% in the OR (p < 0.001). CP-GNB colonization was also reduced by 36.4% in the CCU and 28.6% in the IPD. This study underscores the importance of hospital surveillance and the implementation of targeted IPC interventions to reduce CP-GNB contamination and clonal dissemination in veterinary hospital settings.
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