Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Quantifying the impact of sequencing depth and reference genome choice on metatranscriptomic detection of four bovine RNA viruses.
Brito B, Frost M, Webster J … +2 more , To J, Kirkland P
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41793859 · Publisher ↗
Metatranscriptomic sequencing enables untargeted detection of RNA viruses across clinical and environmental contexts. Evaluating this approach through metrics such as limits of detection and genome coverage, in direct co...
Metatranscriptomic sequencing enables untargeted detection of RNA viruses across clinical and environmental contexts. Evaluating this approach through metrics such as limits of detection and genome coverage, in direct comparison with established molecular tools like qRT-PCR, is essential for understanding its potential diagnostic utility. In the present study, we assessed the detection performance of metatranscriptomic sequencing for four bovine respiratory RNA viruses: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Bovine nidovirus (BNV), Influenza D virus (IDV), and Bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1) in nasal swabs, using reference-based mapping. Sequencing depth (1, 10, and 20 million (M) reads) and reference genome choice (NCBI RefSeq and study-assembled) were systematically varied to quantify their effects on viral read recovery and genome coverage. For BNV and BCoV, sequencing at ≥10 M reads was sufficient for metatranscriptomic detection of samples that were qRT-PCR positive at high Ct values (up to 40), but recovering high genome completeness was only achieved for samples with Ct < 30. IDV detection was less sensitive: several qRT-PCR-positive samples (Ct 29.6-34.5) yielded no mapped reads even at 20 M. BVDV-1 recovery was strongly reference-dependent; mapping to study-assembled genomes markedly increased read counts and coverage compared with NCBI RefSeq, reflecting divergence between field strains and the standard reference sequence. A low number of mapped reads was observed in several qRT-PCR-negative BVDV-1 pools when using the NCBI RefSeq, consistent with potential misclassification of host-derived sequences. By quantitatively linking qRT-PCR Ct values, sequencing depth, and reference divergence, the present study outlines methodological considerations that may guide future applications of metatranscriptomics into veterinary diagnostics.
Corrigendum to "Genetic characterization of four bacteriophages of Salmonella enterica derived from different geographic regions in China via genomic comparison" [Research in Veterinary Science 189 (2025) 105608. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105608].
Han S, Li S, Li L … +1 more , Li S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41791940 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
A field-ready colourimetric LAMP assay for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum using rapid DNA extraction.
Mayne R, Pant SD, Huang J … +3 more , Noormohammadi AH, Scott P, Ghorashi SA
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41785617 · Publisher ↗
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a major respiratory pathogen of poultry, and rapid point of care tests for routine on farm surveillance are currently unavailable. This study describes a user-friendly Loop Mediated Isoth...
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a major respiratory pathogen of poultry, and rapid point of care tests for routine on farm surveillance are currently unavailable. This study describes a user-friendly Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay for detecting MG, used together with a rapid DNA extraction method that supports field deployment. The performance of the LAMP assay was compared with a conventional PCR assay using three sample sets, including MG cultures, tracheal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens, and cloacal swabs from turkeys. DNA was extracted using a commercial kit, Ly 14 buffer, or Ly 14 buffer combined with Chelex 100. A positive LAMP result was based on a clear colour change from red to yellow. The LAMP assay detected MG in tracheal swabs with 100% agreement with PCR and showed 100% specificity when tested against DNA from 13 non-target bacterial species. Cloacal swabs produced strong agreement between LAMP and PCR, particularly when DNA templates were prepared using Ly 14 or Ly 14 plus Chelex 100 extraction procedures. When DNA was extracted using the commercial kit, minor discrepancies were noted, with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LAMP for detecting MG in cloacal samples being 100%, 97.4%, and 97.5%, respectively, when used with the rapid extraction method. The limit of detection was 1 pg/μl for PCR and 10 pg/μl for LAMP. Overall, the LAMP assay was simple to perform, produced rapid visual results, and demonstrated consistent diagnostic accuracy.
A standardized osteometric method for identifying Iberian raptors from skeletal remains.
Miguel-Batuecas A, De Pablo-Moreno JA, Fuertes-Recuero M … +5 more , Fuentes-Díaz A, González F, Suárez L, García-Matarranz V, Revuelta L
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41780287 · Publisher ↗
Raptors suffer high mortality rates due to anthropogenic threats, such as electrocution from power lines or lead poisoning, so the specific identification of skeletal remains is essential for establishing monitoring and...
Raptors suffer high mortality rates due to anthropogenic threats, such as electrocution from power lines or lead poisoning, so the specific identification of skeletal remains is essential for establishing monitoring and protection programmes. This study developed and validated a standardized osteometric method for measuring long bones and craniopelvic bones from skeletal remains to identify raptor species. A database of 26 species of Iberian raptors (n = 853) was developed based on 11 measurements of 9 bones, including the ulna, sternum, femur, humerus, tarsometatarsus, tibiotarsus, and radius, as well as the synsacrum length and postacetabular ilium width and length and width of the skull. Missing values were estimated using multiple linear regression, and canonical discriminant analysis was applied to correct and modify the databases. Cross-validation was added to this analysis. Additionally, the obtained model was verified using external radiographs. The highest percentage of success was obtained with the tarsometatarsus-ulna combination (94.53%), followed by tarsometatarsus-radius (94.05%) and tarsometatarsus-humerus (93.02%), when two bone lengths were combined. When a third measurement was incorporated, the tarsometatarsus-ulna-femur combination achieved a 99.45% correct classification rate. In blind verification testing, the radiographs of 15 individuals, the tarsometatarsus-ulna model correctly classified all samples, achieving a 100% success rate. These results show that the study method provides a simple and replicable protocol for identifying raptor species from incomplete skeletal remains. This optimizes the monitoring of mortality and supporting conservation measures.
Tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible Chlamydia suis remain viable during manure processing.
Zubler D, Marti H, Kratochvíl J … +1 more , Borel N
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41762757 · Publisher ↗
Chlamydia suis is commonly found in pigs and the only known chlamydial species to have acquired a tetracycline resistance gene, the tetA(C) gene. It has been established that both tetA(C)-positive and -negative C. suis s...
Chlamydia suis is commonly found in pigs and the only known chlamydial species to have acquired a tetracycline resistance gene, the tetA(C) gene. It has been established that both tetA(C)-positive and -negative C. suis strains can be isolated from rectal swabs of pigs, implying fecal shedding and fecal-oral transmission. However, little is known about the occurrence, viability and tetA(C) positivity of C. suis during manure processing. In this study, fresh feces and manure from slurry channels (storage up to two weeks), and manure silos (storage for several months until field application) from 30 pig farms across Switzerland were investigated regarding these parameters. Moreover, given the complex nature of feces and manure as matrices for molecular applications, three DNA extraction methods (Maxwell, MagPurix and DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit) were compared. Among these tested protocols, the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit yielded the highest DNA quality and most consistent qPCR results. C. suis was detected and successfully isolated in cell culture from all investigated pig farms and sample types, demonstrating its ability to survive throughout the manure production process, with an isolation success rate of 100% (fecal samples), 96% (slurry channel) and 79% (silo). The viability of C. suis was further confirmed using viability PCR, which correlated well with cell culture isolation. Furthermore, the majority of isolated C. suis (66%) carried the tetA(C) gene, confirming the high prevalence of tetracycline resistance. The risk of spreading viable, tetracycline-resistant C. suis on the field is not eliminated by current manure management practices.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from the Elaphurus davidianus: Pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility profile.
Meng Y, Han Q, Han M … +8 more , Li Z, Wang J, Zuo S, Huang Z, Mu Q, Hua Y, Yao W, Zhang W
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41762756 · Publisher ↗
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an important zoonotic pathogen. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from the blood of Elaphurus davidianus and evaluat...
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an important zoonotic pathogen. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from the blood of Elaphurus davidianus and evaluate its potential risks to public health. A combination of methods including 16S rRNA sequencing, PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mouse challenge assay was employed to systematically investigate its phylogenetic relationships, growth characteristics, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, LD₅₀, and antimicrobial resistance profile. The results indicated that the strain was identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The LD of the strain in mice was determined to be 6.4 × 10 CFU/ml, and the strain caused significant pathological lesions in the heart, lung, spleen, kidney and liver of the mice. In addition, the strain harbored 8 virulence genes, including Lipase, Polyglutamic acid capsule, Uge, WbtP, Thermonuclease, Type VII secretion system, Autolysin, and Cytolysin. Meanwhile, it exhibited resistance to 18 antibiotics, such as oxacillin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, streptomycin, imipenem, minocycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and cotrimoxazole, and harbored 12 antimicrobial resistance genes, including msrA, mphC, PC1, AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2″)-Ia, vanY gene in vanB cluster, vanY gene in vanM cluster, APH(3')-IIIa, vanT gene in vanG cluster, sepA, norC, sdrM, and dfrG. Collectively, these findings indicated that the strain possessed strong virulence and exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics. This suggested that it posed considerable potential risks to public health. This study provides a scientific basis for further investigation into the pathogenic mechanisms, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and prevention and control strategies of this strain.
The impact of injection site on the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica).
Uney K, Corum O, Durna Corum D … +8 more , Coskun D, Marin P, Giorgi M, Poapolathep A, Poapolathep S, Karaahmetli T, Yazar E, Elmas M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41747492 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of injection site on danofloxacin pharmacokinetics in Pekin ducks. Thirty-two male Peking ducks were divided into 4 equal groups as intravenous (IV), pectoral mu...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of injection site on danofloxacin pharmacokinetics in Pekin ducks. Thirty-two male Peking ducks were divided into 4 equal groups as intravenous (IV), pectoral muscles (IMP), thigh muscles (IMT) and subcutaneous (SC). Danofloxacin was administered to all groups at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of danofloxacin were quantified by HPLC-UV. The volume of distribution at steady state and total clearance values of danofloxacin after IV injections in ducks were 4.43 L/kg and 0.42 L/h/kg, respectively. The terminal elimination half-life (t), area under the concentration-versus time curve (AUC), and peak plasma concentration (C) were similar after SC and IMP injections of danofloxacin. However, t was shorter and AUC and C were lower in the IMT group compared to the IMP group. The bioavailability was lower in the IMT group than in the IMP and SC groups. Danofloxacin exhibited similar pharmacokinetic profiles after SC and IMP injection into Pekin ducks. In the IMT group, pharmacokinetics altered significantly, resulting in reduced body exposure and residence time of danofloxacin. Optimizing the injection site to subcutaneous or pectoral muscle routes may improve danofloxacin's therapeutic efficacy in Pekin ducks, while caution should be applied with thigh muscle injections due to reduced bioavailability and systemic exposure.
Prevalence and distribution of anisakid species in fish from North African marine waters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nahal A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41747491 · Publisher ↗
Foodborne parasites remain a concern for human health. Among marine parasites, anisakid nematodes are notable species frequently detected in marketable fish. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anisakid specie...
Foodborne parasites remain a concern for human health. Among marine parasites, anisakid nematodes are notable species frequently detected in marketable fish. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anisakid species in fish caught along the coasts of North African countries. A systematic literature review was carried out using two electronic databases, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Forty studies published between 2006 and 2024 were included in the meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using the meta package in R software, employing a random-effects model. The overall pooled prevalence of anisakid species was 32.12% (95% CI 20.53-44.91). Molecular methods identified five Anisakis species and Skrjabinisakis physeteris. Furthermore, the detection of Contracaecum quadripapillatum and Phocanema decipiens indicated the occurrence of other Anisakidae genera not previously documented in North African coastal ecosystems. The pooled prevalence of anisakidosis was 35.48% (95% CI 23.37-48.6).while the prevalence of Anisakinae species varied depending on the year, country, fishing area, fish habitat and fish species. The highest prevalence was recorded between 2011 and 2015 (58.14%). Morocco and Libya showed the highest infection rates, whereas Algeria had the lowest (9.74%). The Atlantic coast exhibited the highest regional prevalence (53.69%). Pelagic fish showed greater infection levels (33.54%) than demersal species. Anisakinae species were reported in 44 fish species, with Trachurus trachurus being the most frequently examined (31.22%). The widespread distribution of anisakid species in marine fish across North Africa underscores important public health concerns and highlights the necessity for ongoing monitoring and molecular characterization in the region.
The TND-RTM protocol for controlling sporotrichosis in a free-roaming cat colony in southern Brazil.
de Oliveira Ferreira BGG, Teixeira VG, Molento CFM … +3 more , de Magalhães Soares DF, de Souza RS, de Cassia Maria Garcia R
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41734434 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes of the Trap, Neuter, Diagnosis, Return, Treatment, and Monitoring (TND-RTM) protocol applied to a free-roaming cat colony in a sporotrichosis-endemic area in southern Brazil. METHODS:...
OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes of the Trap, Neuter, Diagnosis, Return, Treatment, and Monitoring (TND-RTM) protocol applied to a free-roaming cat colony in a sporotrichosis-endemic area in southern Brazil. METHODS: Cats were captured and neutered, clinically assessed for sporotrichosis, and managed according to predefined colony-level therapeutic criteria, whereby the colony was classified as sporotrichosis-positive when at least one individual was affected. All cats within a positive colony were included in antifungal management, including isolation of clinically affected cats and preventive treatment of exposed animals, with continuous visual monitoring. RESULTS: At baseline, 52.4% of cats (11/21) presented clinical lesions compatible with sporotrichosis. Nineteen cats were captured and clinically evaluated, while two were monitored through visual assessment. Due to demographic changes during follow-up, 11.1% of cats remaining in the colony at 12 months (2/18) still exhibited active lesions. By the end of the 18-month follow-up period, no cats in the colony presented active sporotrichosis lesions (0/18). CONCLUSIONS: The application of the TND-RTM protocol in a single free-roaming cat colony was associated with the resolution of clinical sporotrichosis cases and with improvements in animal welfare at the colony level. This descriptive case study highlights both the potential and the operational challenges of a colony-based approach integrating population management with infectious disease control in endemic urban settings.
Geospatial surveillance of the rabies virus in cattle in Brazil.
Silva VVD, Leite DPSBM, Oliveira PRF … +9 more , Gonçalves LMT, Silva GV, Dos Santos ACN, Renovato RS, Pereira YVS, Santos RS, Braz BMA, Almeida JC, Mota RA
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41722278 · Publisher ↗
In Brazil, bovine rabies causes significant economic losses and poses a risk to both human and veterinary public health. Its persistence is associated with agricultural expansion, environmental factors, and the presence...
In Brazil, bovine rabies causes significant economic losses and poses a risk to both human and veterinary public health. Its persistence is associated with agricultural expansion, environmental factors, and the presence of reservoirs that favor viral circulation. In this context, spatiotemporal analyses are essential to identify high-risk areas and guide effective surveillance strategies. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal, and temporal trends of bovine rabies in Brazil between 2015 and 2024. An ecological study was conducted using data from the National Animal Health Information System (SIZ), applying spatiotemporal, and temporal trend analyses. A total of 7458 cases were reported during the study period, with higher concentrations in the Southeast (28.26%), South (27.76%), and Central-West (21.99%) regions. The highest incidence risks were observed in the South (8.15/100,000), Southeast (5.69/100,000), and Northeast (2.73/100,000). At the state level, Amapá (81.04/100,000), Paraná (8.51/100,000), Pernambuco (8.41/100,000), Amazonas (8.24/100,000), and São Paulo (7.83/100,000) stood out. Desmodus rotundus plays a central role in the maintenance and transmission of rabies virus to herbivores in Brazil, with case density and records of this species overlapping mainly in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraná, particularly in areas of pasture, temporary crops, and environmental mosaics. Retrospective analysis identified eight high-risk spatiotemporal clusters, with the primary cluster located in the South and Southeast (2015-2019), showing a relative risk (RR) of 2.86. Prospective analysis revealed five recent clusters, with the primary one located in Paraná and Santa Catarina (2022-2024; RR = 3.88). Joinpoint regression demonstrated an overall decreasing trend in incidence risk (APC: -8.6%). This is the first nationwide study integrating spatiotemporal, and temporal analyses of bovine rabies, highlighting its widespread occurrence across Brazil and identifying strategic areas for strengthening control measures. KEYWORDS: Bovine rabies Spatiotemporal analysis Epidemiology Risk clusters Brazil.
miRNA-mRNA integrative profiling in canine tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma.
do Valle NCH, Soares MF, Scaramele NF … +8 more , de Oliveira Furlan A, da Silva Lopes MF, de Souza Felix J, Fernandes FV, Zamboni VAG, Senhorello ILS, de Andrade AL, Lopes FL
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41719989 · Publisher ↗
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasia in intact female dogs. There are different histological subtypes, which are related to tumor behavior and prognosis. Among them, we highlight the tubulopapillary...
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasia in intact female dogs. There are different histological subtypes, which are related to tumor behavior and prognosis. Among them, we highlight the tubulopapillary subtype, one of the most prevalent subtypes in female dogs. Although not the most aggressive subtype overall, it is associated with significantly higher lethality compared to other common subtypes, suggesting an underlying dysregulation of gene expression. However, global expression of RNAs in tubulopapillary CMTs is not available in the literature. Here, we analyzed the differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs of tubulopapillary CMTs (n = 4) and compared them with normal mammary tissues (n = 4) using microarray. We found 842 downregulated and 385 upregulated mRNAs in the CMTs, which corresponded to the enrichment of 10 biological pathways. Also, we found 30 upregulated miRNAs and one downregulated (cfa-miR-345) in CMTs. Among the differentially expressed mRNAs, we identified 360 mRNAs that were targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs, which enriched 23 biological pathways, with the "Endocytosis" pathway being of particular significance. These findings highlight the complex interactions between mRNAs and miRNAs in tubulopapillary CMTs, thereby improving the understanding of the pathophysiology of this CMT subtype and providing targets for functional validation of biomarkers and/or therapeutics.
Registration, badges, and belonging: Reflections on gender inclusion in the veterinary profession.
Malek E, Abbondati E, Denk D … +4 more , Kirschner-Kitz S, Talloni MJN, Rasotto R, Palmieri C
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41713253 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Subacute ivermectin-induced affective dysregulation: Evidence for hippocampal microglial and astrocytic activation.
Eser M, Yazıcı C, Kandemir Ü … +4 more , Üçel Uİ, Bozkurt MF, Demir Özkay Ü, Can ÖD
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41707433 · Publisher ↗
Ivermectin (IVR) is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone widely used against nematodes. Under physiological conditions, its central nervous system (CNS) penetration is limited by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the blo...
Ivermectin (IVR) is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone widely used against nematodes. Under physiological conditions, its central nervous system (CNS) penetration is limited by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nevertheless, supratherapeutic dosing, BBB-compromising pathologies, concomitant P-glycoprotein inhibitors, or MDR1 variants can enhance CNS entry and precipitate neurotoxicity. To evaluate behavioural and neuroinflammatory sequelae of subacute exposure, rats received IVR (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg; i.p.) once daily for 21 days. Animals were assessed for motor function (activity cage, Rota-rod), affective behaviour (elevated plus maze, modified forced swim test), and cognition (Morris water maze). Assay validation employed diazepam (1 and 3 mg/kg; i.p.), desipramine (30 mg/kg; i.p.), and piracetam (200 mg/kg; i.p.), administered according to their respective protocols. IVR did not alter motor performance or spatial learning and memory across doses. However, 5 and 10 mg/kg reduced the percentage of open-arm entries and increased immobility, consistent with anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes, respectively. At 10 mg/kg, hippocampal immunohistochemistry revealed increased Iba1 and GFAP immunoreactivity within CA1, indicating microglial and astrocytic activation. Quantitative counts demonstrated no significant change in CA1 neuronal number across treatment groups, implying that the observed glial activation occurred in the absence of detectable neuronal loss. Collectively, our data indicate that subacute, high-dose IVR provokes affective behavioural alterations coupled to hippocampal neuroinflammation, while sparing gross motor function and measurable cognitive performance under the present conditions. These findings underscore caution when administering IVR at elevated doses or in settings that compromise BBB integrity and warrant further mechanistic and time-resolved investigation.
Behavioral and welfare responses of broiler chickens to plastic-grid flooring, zeolite, and wood shavings litter systems.
Kaya M, Dereli Fidan E, Oral Toplu HD … +3 more , Karaarslan S, Türkyilmaz MK, Nazligül A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41702254 · Publisher ↗
This study evaluated the effects of different litter systems-plastic-grid flooring, wood shavings, and zeolite-enriched shavings-on the behavioral, welfare, and physiological responses of broiler chickens. A total of 504...
This study evaluated the effects of different litter systems-plastic-grid flooring, wood shavings, and zeolite-enriched shavings-on the behavioral, welfare, and physiological responses of broiler chickens. A total of 504 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were randomly assigned to three flooring treatments, each with four replicates of 42 birds. Housing conditions consisted of conventional wood-shavings litter, a raised plastic-grid flooring system, and a zeolite-supplemented wood-shavings mixture. At 42 days of age, welfare and physiological parameters were assessed in 120 birds (10 per replicate), including tonic immobility and heterophile-to-lymphocyte ratios. Zeolite-enriched litter resulted in significantly lower ambient ammonia concentrations (P < 0.001). Behavioral observations revealed that broilers on plastic-grid floors performed less dust bathing but more stretching (P < 0.001), whereas zeolite litter increased pecking activity, suggesting substrate-dependent modulation of comfort and exploratory behaviors. Significant differences were also found in footpad dermatitis (P = 0.001) and plumage cleanliness (P = 0.007). Plastic-grid flooring reduced podiatric lesions and improved hygiene but restricted natural behavior, while zeolite improved air quality but increased footpad damage. Neither tonic immobility nor heterophile-to-lymphocyte ratios differed significantly among groups, indicating comparable physiological stress levels. Overall, these results highlight that litter materials distinctly influence environmental hygiene, behavioral expression, and integumentary welfare. The findings underline the importance of developing flooring systems that balance hygienic advantages with behavioral and welfare needs to achieve optimal broiler welfare and productivity.
S-palmitoylation of the viral Nsp10 by ZDHHC7 restricts PRRSV replication but is counteracted by Nsp2, Nsp4 and GP5.
Jing H, Peng Z, Zhao P … +4 more , Duan E, Liu J, Zhao X, Li H
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41671757 · Publisher ↗
Reversible S-palmitoylation, initiated by the Zinc finger aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine domain (ZDHHC) proteins and erased by the de-palmitoylases, plays an important role in the antiviral immune pathway. Our pr...
Reversible S-palmitoylation, initiated by the Zinc finger aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine domain (ZDHHC) proteins and erased by the de-palmitoylases, plays an important role in the antiviral immune pathway. Our previous screening identified ZDHHC7 as a potent restriction factor for PRRSV. However, the mechanisms underlying ZDHHC7-mediated suppression of PRRSV replication remains unclear. Here, we showed that PRRSV RNA replication is impaired by ZDHHC7 in an acyltransferase-dependent manner. This antiviral effect was achieved by S-palmitoylation of Nsp10 (Nonstructural protein 10), which weakened the binding between viral RNA and Nsp10. By cleaving porcine ZDHHC7 at E226, PRRSV Nsp4 impaired the S-palmitoylation of Nsp10, STING, and MAVS. Additionally, the cleaved fragments did not inhibit PRRSV multiplication, whereas the cleavage-resistant mutant ZDHHC7-E226A exhibited enhanced antiviral activity. Finally, we demonstrated that PRRSV Nsp2 and GP5 (glycoprotein 5) induce the transcription of APT1 (Acyl-protein thioesterase 1) through the transcription factor NFATC3 to reverse the S-palmitoylation level of Nsp10. Collectively, this work uncovers the antagonistic strategy employed by PRRSV to dampen the antiviral function of ZDHHC7, which deepens our understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms during PRRSV infection.
Molecular surveillance and genetic diversity of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Pathotypes using MLVA method.
Mokhtari S, Tahamtan Y, Kargar M … +2 more , Tadayon K, Moazamian E
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41666686 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli O157 is a major foodborne pathogen associated with severe human disease, with cattle serving as its primary reservoir, and in this study multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLV...
BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli O157 is a major foodborne pathogen associated with severe human disease, with cattle serving as its primary reservoir, and in this study multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was applied to investigate the genetic diversity, distribution, and population structure of isolates collected in Fars Province, Iran. METHOD: This study was performed on 150 swab samples were collected from rectum and carcasses of cattle, sheep and goats and fruit juice in Fars province. Samples were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. MLVA method was performed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using four variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR). RESULTS: 22 isolates were identified as E. coli O157:H7 that 15, 6 and 1 were from cattle, sheep and fruit juice, respectively. By using MLVA technique, 22 isolates were separated into 15 distinct MLVA types. MST algorithm showed five genetically related clusters and by UPGMA method isolates were classified in 3 main cluster and 8 sub clusters. CONCLUSION: This study showed that MLVA can be used as a valid, inexpensive and rapid method to trace and analyze the phylogenetic relationships between E. coli strains in epidemiological research.
Spatial and temporal network analysis of 2021 swine trading movements in the Philippines using government-issued permits.
Barroga TRM, Sanderson MW, Avocat H … +1 more , Morales RG
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41655526 · Publisher ↗
Animal movement plays a critical role in the spread of infectious diseases. Social network analysis can be used to understand animal movement data (AMD) by analyzing trading dynamics and identifying key nodes that are vu...
Animal movement plays a critical role in the spread of infectious diseases. Social network analysis can be used to understand animal movement data (AMD) by analyzing trading dynamics and identifying key nodes that are vulnerable to disease spread. This study used swine local shipping permits (LSP) in 2021 from the Philippines' AMD platform. Towns were considered nodes and arcs were defined as shipments, weighted by the number of shipments or pigs per shipment. The year was divided into four quarters to evaluate seasonal trends. R (igraph package) and ArcGISPro were used to analyze and map the network. Results showed a network structure of 685 towns from 37,138 LSPs representing 2,178,536 pigs shipped from 311 towns and delivered to 516 towns with a median travel distance of 102.35 km. Network-level density was 0.06%, transitivity 7.9%, assortativity -0.277, reciprocity 0.014, and average path length 3.73. The mean number of shipments and pigs shipped indicated seasonal variation; October-December was highest (55.5, 3167) while January-March was lowest: (29.5, 1861.5). The Walktrap algorithm identified six large trade communities, involving 21 to 282 towns. Towns with breeder and fattener farms showed high out-degree while high in-degree were associated with metropolitan cities and slaughterhouses. Seasonal trends are consistent with cultural practices with fewer shipments during January-March (Lent) and more shipments during October-December (Christmas). Network-level metrics suggest weak clustering, and one-sided trade relationships. Knowledge of the swine trading patterns is critical in controlling ASF to support risk-based surveillance and proper budgetary resource allocation.
Short communication: Amitraz treatments do not increase the frequency of mutations in the β2-adrenergic octopamine receptor in Varroa destructor: a field study in Central Spain.
Pérez-Pérez A, Bartolomé C, Sagastume S … +4 more , Meana A, Martín-Hernández R, Maside X, Higes M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41653512 · Publisher ↗
The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major threat to Apis mellifera colonies. Beekeepers use acaricides such as amitraz for control, but resistance has been reported, possibly linked to mutations in the Octβ2R g...
The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major threat to Apis mellifera colonies. Beekeepers use acaricides such as amitraz for control, but resistance has been reported, possibly linked to mutations in the Octβ2R gene. This study examined the frequency of these mutations in Varroa populations from two management systems: organic (oxalic acid treatment) and conventional (amitraz treatment). DNA was extracted individually from 83 mites collected from 14 apiaries, and a 1064 bp fragment of Octβ2R was amplified and sequenced. The F290L-related mutation appeared at a high frequency (89%), with no significant differences between treatments. No other reported mutations were found. The widespread homozygosity of F290L and lack of treatment-related variation suggest that this mutation existed before amitraz use, reflecting historical genetic variation rather than recent selection. Further research is needed to clarify its role in amitraz resistance.
One health strategies for zoonosis prevention in developing countries: A systematic review (2015-2025).
Sahiman KA, Azizah S, Kuswati K … +1 more , Iekram AM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41650797 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Despite growing global investment in One Health initiatives, limited systematic synthesis exists examining veterinary authority strategies and their performance outcomes in developing countries, creating a kn...
BACKGROUND: Despite growing global investment in One Health initiatives, limited systematic synthesis exists examining veterinary authority strategies and their performance outcomes in developing countries, creating a knowledge gap for evidence-based policy formulation. OBJECTIVE: To develop a comprehensive taxonomy of One Health zoonosis prevention strategies implemented by veterinary authorities in developing countries and establish quantitative effectiveness patterns across resource-constrained settings. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, searching Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and July 2025. Two reviewers independently screened 126 records after deduplication with inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.82). We employed mixed-methods synthesis integrating thematic analysis and quantitative effectiveness scoring across 42 included studies. RESULTS: From 42 studies spanning 18 countries, we identified 14 distinct One Health strategies organized into three dominant modalities: intersectoral coordination mechanisms (35.7%), surveillance system enhancement (28.6%), and integrated service delivery (21.4%). Integrated approaches consistently demonstrated superior effectiveness scores (77-90, 95% CI: 73-94) compared to single-intervention strategies (25-95, 95% CI: 18-88). Mobile surveillance systems achieved 14-fold reporting increases (RR = 14.0, 95% CI: 13.8-14.2), while integrated surveillance systems demonstrated improved epidemiological understanding across human-animal interfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation quality and strategic integration represent more critical determinants of success than intervention type or resource intensity alone. Sub-optimal policy implementation and poor inter-sectoral coordination were consistently identified as barriers to achieving desired outcomes. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing limited resources in developing countries.
Five-year evidence synthesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Firdausy LW, Fikri F, Maslamama ST … +1 more , Purnama MTE
Res Vet Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41637955 · Publisher ↗
African swine fever (ASF) continues to threaten pig production systems across Southeast Asia, yet regional epidemiological patterns remain fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized prevalence data...
African swine fever (ASF) continues to threaten pig production systems across Southeast Asia, yet regional epidemiological patterns remain fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized prevalence data to provide a consolidated assessment of ASF burden, spatial distribution, and temporal trends from 2019 to 2023. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight major databases and supplementary sources, with protocol registration in the Open Science Framework. Four reviewers independently screened studies, and eligible publications underwent quality appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Data extraction encompassed prevalence estimates, diagnostic methods, sample types, and geographic information, which were subsequently mapped using QGIS. Meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regression modelling, and Egger's test were performed in R Studio using the "meta" and "metafor" packages. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, representing seven Southeast Asian countries. The random-effects model yielded an overall pooled prevalence of 29.14% (95% CI: 20.56-37.72), with substantial heterogeneity (I = 100%; τ = 0.1012). Subgroup analyses demonstrated marked variations by study period, diagnostic method, sample type, and country, with the highest prevalence estimates reported in Vietnam and Lao PDR. Meta-regression identified a significant decline in prevalence over time (p < 0.001). Spatial mapping revealed pronounced regional burden prevalence, particularly in the Lao PDR and southern Vietnam. Funnel plot asymmetry and regression testing suggested the presence of small-study effects. These findings underscore the persistent and heterogenous nature of ASF across Southeast Asia, emphasizing the need for harmonized surveillance, strengthened biosecurity in smallholder systems, and enhanced diagnostic capacity.
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