Child Neuropsychology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Latent motor growth trajectories of term and preterm infants based on caregiver report.
Warschausky S, Raghunathan T, Berglund P … +6 more , Larson JCG, Huth-Bocks A, Taylor HG, Staples AD, Lukomski A, Lajiness-O'Neill R
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 39819361 · Full text
Early motor development is a key predictor of development in other skill domains and specific neurodevelopmental disorders, but it is typically measured as achievement of milestones rather than rate of development. To ex...
Early motor development is a key predictor of development in other skill domains and specific neurodevelopmental disorders, but it is typically measured as achievement of milestones rather than rate of development. To explore the value of the latter approach, this study utilized a novel caregiver report method to examine differences in the developmental trajectory of motor development in term-born compared to preterm-born infants. Caregiver-infant dyads (331 term, 240 preterm) were followed from birth through 12 months (48% female; 6.4% Hispanic; 34.1% Black; 10.3% Mixed or Biracial; and 48.3% White). Longitudinal Item Response Theory (IRT) modeling was used to compare growth trajectories of motor skills between term and preterm infants. The moderating effects of biological sex on group differences also were examined. The main effect for term status was significant. Preterm infants exhibited slower rates of growth in motor ability over the first 12 months compared with term infants. Differences in rate of growth were significant by 6 months of age. In the term group only, females exhibited more rapid growth than males in motor ability. Findings indicate that caregiver report yields reliable estimates of growth in the latent trait of motor ability, with slower rate of growth in infants born preterm. Estimates of latent growth in motor ability may provide more sensitive measures of neurodevelopmental risk and a method to examine response to treatment.
Adverse childhood experiences and post-traumatic stress impacts on brain connectivity and alcohol use in adolescence.
Woodley MMO, Zhao Q, Goldston DB … +4 more , Michael AM, Clark DB, Brown SA, Nooner KB
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 39819312 · Full text
The current study investigated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, within-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC), and alcohol use...
The current study investigated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, within-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC), and alcohol use during adolescence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study (NCANDA; = 687). Significant rs-FC differences emerged that linked participant ACEs, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol use problems. Participants with ACEs compared to those without had diminished rs-FC within the default mode, salience, and medial frontoparietal networks ( ≤ 0.005). Further reduction in rs-FC within the default mode and medial frontoparietal networks ( ≤ 0.005) was found when PTSD symptoms were present in addition to ACEs. Findings suggest that PTSD symptoms are associated with lower within network rs-FC beyond exposure to ACEs, and some of these rs-FC changes were associated with worsened alcohol use problems (i.e. withdrawal symptoms). These findings highlight the importance of addressing PTSD symptoms in adolescents with a history of ACEs as it may mitigate problematic changes in brain connectivity and reduce the risk of developing alcohol use problems.
Recovery, interrupted: persisting symptoms after concussion and the power of iatrogenesis.
O'Reilly MA, Hammond JB, Marschall KP … +2 more , Barros K, Lichtenstein JD
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 39804712 · Publisher ↗
Persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) affect up to 30% of children, adolescents, and young adults beyond 1 month post-injury, posing challenges in clinical care. This retrospective study examined 54 patients referr...
Persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) affect up to 30% of children, adolescents, and young adults beyond 1 month post-injury, posing challenges in clinical care. This retrospective study examined 54 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation due to PSaC, exploring factors contributing to symptom persistence. Results showed that 75.9% of patients experienced symptoms attributable to non-concussion factors, with 90.7% lacking evidence-based care post-injury. Pre-existing conditions, including migraines, anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric disorders, correlated with symptom burden. Linear regression models indicated that these psychiatric factors and the absence of evidence-based recommendations predicted symptom severity [ = .314, = .002], with other psychiatric disorders showing a significant effect [β = 2.28, = .008]. History of any psychiatric disorder predicted current symptom count [ = .121, = .010]. Logistic regression identified migraines (Nagelkerke = .389, = .000) and depression (Nagelkerke = .124, = .033) as predictors of non-concussion etiology. Anxiety, depression, migraines, psychiatric disorders, and lack of evidence-based care predicted non-concussion symptoms (Nagelkerke = .575, = .000). These findings highlight the importance of holistic, individualized care in concussion. Early neuropsychological involvement may improve diagnosis, reduce iatrogenic effects, and optimize recovery through tailored evidence-based interventions.
[Formula: see text] Prevailing theories describing sports-related concussion symptom reporting intent and behavior among adolescent athletes: a scoping review.
Goodwin GJ, Evangelista ND, Ozturk ED … +2 more , Kaseda ET, Merritt VC
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 39723601 · Publisher ↗
Diagnosis of sports-related concussion (SRC) primarily relies on an athlete's self-report of injury and associated symptoms. Social pressures and attitudes surrounding SRC influence athlete reporting behavior. Unfortunat...
Diagnosis of sports-related concussion (SRC) primarily relies on an athlete's self-report of injury and associated symptoms. Social pressures and attitudes surrounding SRC influence athlete reporting behavior. Unfortunately, underreporting of SRC symptoms is an issue among adolescent athletes. Nondisclosure of SRC symptoms may lead to premature return-to-play and potential persistent symptoms. This scoping review summarizes prevailing theories that explain SRC symptom reporting intent and behavior among adolescent athletes. Literature was reviewed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Review guidelines. Inter-rater reliability was calculated at each stage. Thirty-four articles published between 2013-2024 were included. Inter-rater reliability was fair to perfect across all review stages. Of the 16 unique theories described, the Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior (TRA/TPB) was the most frequently cited theory explaining SRC symptom reporting behavior. Although the TRA/TPB framework was useful when predicting SRC symptom reporting intent, it did not adequately predict reporting behavior, consistent with the broader health behavior literature which has established that intention is a good predictor of behavior. In light of these findings, new frameworks must be considered that consider neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and cultural factors, as these may be more useful for understanding SRC symptom reporting behavior in adolescence.
Pass/failure on the memory validity profile: one size does not fit all.
Donders J, Romain K
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 39688087 · Publisher ↗
This study sought to determine the influence of various demographic variables on pass/failure on a pediatric performance validity test, the Memory Validity Profile (MVP) in a mixed clinical sample ( = 393; 62% male, 62%...
This study sought to determine the influence of various demographic variables on pass/failure on a pediatric performance validity test, the Memory Validity Profile (MVP) in a mixed clinical sample ( = 393; 62% male, 62% White, median age 11 years). Children who failed the MVP ( = 72, 18%) according to a uniform cutoff of ≤30/32 correct were younger and were more likely to have a special education history than those who passed it ( = 321, 82%). There were no statistically significant group differences on other variables such as sex, race, parental education, history of treatment for ADHD or other psychiatric disorder. Possible false positive findings were relatively most common in children under the age of 10 years and in children who received special education services under the Physical/Other Health Impairment or Speech & Language Impairment qualifications. We conclude that a uniform cutoff for pass/failure on the MVP across any and all ages and diagnostic categories is ill-advised. Instead, we recommend the development of various adjusted cutoffs for this test that maintain 90% specificity at both ends of the age spectrum as well as with different medical or developmental conditions.
Behavioral manifestations of executive functioning in Swedish youth with ADHD, autism, and psychiatric comorbidity: a comparative analysis with community controls.
Hamilton A, Tallberg P, Ilahi F … +3 more , Hoff E, Ahmadi B, Daukantaitė D
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39655647 · Publisher ↗
While several rating scales reliably and cost-effectively assess behavioral executive functioning (EF) in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), questions remain about the impact of comorbidities and dual NDDs...
While several rating scales reliably and cost-effectively assess behavioral executive functioning (EF) in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), questions remain about the impact of comorbidities and dual NDDs on EF as measured by these scales in clinical samples. This study compared behavioral EF profiles among youths with NDDs, both with and without psychiatric comorbidities, non-NDDs (e.g. anxiety), and controls, as well as youths with single versus dual NDDs. The comparisons were made using the Swedish version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) parent form. Participants included 79 youths (mean [SD] age 12.1 [3.0]; 50.6% girls) diagnosed with various psychiatric conditions, and 151 matched controls (mean [SD] age 12.4 [2.8]; 51.7% girls). Results showed significant differences with very large effect sizes in all behavioral EF domains among youths with NDDs, regardless of whether they had non-NDD psychiatric comorbidities, compared to youths with non-NDDs or controls. The latter two groups differed in six of eight behavioral EF domains, with the Shift domain showing the largest effect size (Cohen's d = 0.94). Surprisingly, no significant differences were found between the NDD-only group and the NDD group with non-NDD psychiatric comorbidities. Youths with dual NDDs had more deficits in four of the nine behavioral EF domains compared to those with a single NDD, with the Shift domain again showing the largest effect size (Cohen's d = 0.91). This study highlights the essential role of NDD in distinguishing clinically significant parent-rated behavioral EF deficits in youths, regardless of other psychiatric diagnoses.
[Formula: see text] Unraveling the relationship between executive function and mind wandering in childhood ADHD.
Hasan F, Shah HP, Kam JWY … +1 more , Murias KR
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39639844 · Publisher ↗
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children. According to developmental literature findings, there is a link between executive function (EF) and A...
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children. According to developmental literature findings, there is a link between executive function (EF) and ADHD. Although EF deficits vary across ADHD presentations in children, working memory capacity is commonly associated with attention impairments. Notably, deficits in working memory capacity are also observed in frequent mind wandering reports for typically developing children. Mind wandering is shifting attention away from a current task to an unrelated thought. To explore the relationship between EF and mind wandering in children with ADHD ( = 47) and further compare our current sample to a typically developing (control) group from a previous study ( = 47), all participants completed three EF-related tasks. They concurrently reported if they were on task or mind wandering. Our results indicate better short-term memory capacity predicted lower mind wandering frequency in children who reported high levels of ADHD symptoms. Similar trends were observed for working memory capacity and ADHD symptomatology. Children with ADHD also reported more overall and unintentional mind wandering on questionnaires compared to children without ADHD. However, the relationship between EF and mind wandering did not differ between these groups. The current study suggests memory-related cognitive abilities may inform our understanding and management of mind wandering in children, driving the development of interventions targeting attention regulation.
Concordance between parental and self-rated and performance-based measures of executive functioning in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the role of parental life satisfaction and carrier versus non-carrier status.
Gillenstrand J, Broberg M, Kroksmark AK … +2 more , Tulinius M, Ekström AB
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39620715 · Publisher ↗
The aim of this study was to examine the concordance between parental and self-rated and performance-based tests of executive function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A secondary aim was to explore how th...
The aim of this study was to examine the concordance between parental and self-rated and performance-based tests of executive function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A secondary aim was to explore how this concordance is related to parents' self-rated life satisfaction and status as a carrier mother versus non-carrier mother. In a cross-sectional study design, 70 boys with DMD, aged 5-14, and their parents were included. Results indicated no significant correlation between performance-based measures and parental or self-rated assessments of executive function (EF). However, parents with low life satisfaction and/or carrier status rated their child's EF skills significantly lower. But self-rated life satisfaction did not correlate with status as a carrier mother or the performance-based measures of the boys' and the boys' performance-based EF skills did not correlate with either their parents' life satisfaction or status as a carrier mother. These findings indicate that the two sources of information may not measure the same construct. One possible explanation for this is that our data supports the framework of hot and cold executive function (EF) skills and that these EF skills must be identified using different methods. Another possible explanation could be that parental ratings of child EF skills may also include measurement of carrier burden, parents EF skills, and the families' abilities for psychosocial adjustments in everyday life.
Prenatal chronic inflammation and children's executive function development.
Menu I, Ji L, Trentacosta CJ … +3 more , Jacques SM, Qureshi F, Thomason ME
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39600214 · Full text
Fetal inflammation, typically measured indirectly through prenatal maternal cytokine markers, has been shown to impact early childhood executive functions (EFs), which are central to later cognitive and life outcomes. He...
Fetal inflammation, typically measured indirectly through prenatal maternal cytokine markers, has been shown to impact early childhood executive functions (EFs), which are central to later cognitive and life outcomes. Here, we assessed the impact of prenatal inflammation on EF developmental trajectories using direct placenta histopathology measures in 131 mothers who predominantly self-identified as Black (90.8% Black; 0.8% Asian American, 1.5% biracial, 0.8% Latinx, 3.1% White, 3.1% Missing). We found that placental measures of inflammation were associated with limited gain in EF development from 3 to 5 years old. In follow up analyses, we addressed whether screening questionnaires in infancy might aid in classification of infants as higher risk for subsequent EF problems. We found that parent responses to the Ages & Stages Questionnaire and the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile at 12 months predict the development of EF abilities in children exposed to chronic inflammation. These findings open promising opportunities for early screening of children at risk for poor executive functioning in children exposed to prenatal inflammation.
[Formula: see text] Cognitive performance, psychiatric comorbidities, and quality of life in pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a comparative analysis with healthy controls.
Tezer D, Başay BK, Başay Ö … +2 more , Yener GO, Yüksel S
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39569588 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to assess the extent of cognitive impairment in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). While cognitive deficits are recognized in other systemic rheumatic diseases, exploratio...
This study aimed to assess the extent of cognitive impairment in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). While cognitive deficits are recognized in other systemic rheumatic diseases, exploration within the pediatric JIA population remains limited. The investigation utilized a comprehensive approach to examine neuropsychological test performance. A cohort of 160 participants (79 JIA, 81 healthy controls aged 8-17) underwent evaluations using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and the computerized neurocognitive test battery Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNSVS). Children with JIA exhibited statistically significant cognitive deficits across various parameters ( < .05). This was associated with an increased prevalence of lifelong psychiatric illnesses and diminished overall quality of life compared to healthy counterparts ( < .05). Analysis highlighted that specific JIA subtypes, excluding Oligoarthritis, significantly elevated the risk of neurocognitive impairments, emphasizing the impact on various cognitive outcomes (OR range: 3.1-5.1, 95% CI: 1.163-19.980). Additionally, the active disease stage was identified as a specific risk factor, amplifying the likelihood of low executive functions by 4.3 times (OR: 4.363, 95% CI: 1.095-17.378). This study underscores the critical importance of recognizing and addressing neurocognitive impairments in children with JIA. Specific attention to disease subtypes and activity levels is crucial, with the potential for targeted interventions to enhance overall cognitive well-being and quality of life in this vulnerable population.
Development of inattention and executive dysfunction in youth with spina bifida: condition severity variables as predictors.
Payne AD, Smith ZR, Holmbeck GN
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39545918 · Full text
Youth with spina bifida (SB) are at increased risk for inattention and executive dysfunction challenges. This study aimed to characterize the development of inattention and executive dysfunction in SB and examine the rel...
Youth with spina bifida (SB) are at increased risk for inattention and executive dysfunction challenges. This study aimed to characterize the development of inattention and executive dysfunction in SB and examine the relationship between condition severity (i.e. lesion level, shunt status, and shunt revisions) and inattention and executive dysfunction at age 11.5 and longitudinally. Participants included 140 youth with SB. Condition severity was collected via parent reports and chart review. Parents and teachers reported on youth's inattention and executive dysfunction using informant-based measures across five time points. Parents and teachers both reported linear decreases in inhibition and working memory problems. Development of inattention and shifting problems varied by reporter. At 11.5 years, shunt status predicted worse parent- and teacher-reported inattention and executive dysfunction, while shunt revisions predicted worse parent-reported working memory alone. Higher lesion level predicted fewer parent-reported inhibition problems at 11.5 years. Over time, more shunt revisions and higher lesion level predicted worse parent-reported inattention and inhibition, respectively. Findings suggest that inattention and executive dysfunction may significantly change over time in youth with SB, related to condition severity and reporter. Early deficit identification and intervention implementation, particularly for youth with greater SB severity, may result in better longitudinal outcomes.
Evidence of validity of the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Revised (HTKS-R) for Brazilian children.
da Silva MAC, Mota JG, Lemos NBAG … +2 more , Martins CML, Bandeira PFR
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39513254 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Revised (HTKS-R) as a measure of self-regulation in Brazilian children aged 3-5. The early childhood period is crucial for laying t...
This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Revised (HTKS-R) as a measure of self-regulation in Brazilian children aged 3-5. The early childhood period is crucial for laying the foundations for personal, social and cognitive functioning, influencing development throughout life. Self-regulation, a malleable construct, plays a vital role in academic performance and behaviors throughout life. The HTKS-R, a widely used measure, assesses behavioral self-regulation, including cognitive flexibility, working memory and inhibitory control. The study included 379 children between the ages of 3 and 5 from a variety of backgrounds. Data were collected using the HTKS-R, a standardized self-report measure that integrates executive functions into a game to assess self-regulation. Exploratory Graphical Analysis (EGA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed to analyze the data. The results of the EGA and BootEGA indicated a unidimensional structure for the HTKS-R, confirming its internal consistency and stability. The CFA supported the fit of the unidimensional model, demonstrating the test's construct validity. The HTKS-R showed factorial invariance between genders. The results suggest that the HTKS-R is a reliable and valid measure of self-regulation in Brazilian children aged 3-5. The applicability of the test in different age groups and environments provides valuable information about children's self-regulation skills. The study contributes to the literature by validating the HTKS-R in the Brazilian context and highlights its potential for assessing self-regulation in diverse populations.
Neurocognitive outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage in childhood.
Champigny CM, Kahnami L, Isaacs T … +7 more , Beribisky N, Desrocher M, Feldman SJ, Krishnan P, Dlamini N, Dirks P, Westmacott R
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39469846 · Publisher ↗
Neurocognitive deficits commonly occur following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in childhood, yet this population remains understudied. The current study is a preliminary exploration of neurocognitive outcomes in this po...
Neurocognitive deficits commonly occur following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in childhood, yet this population remains understudied. The current study is a preliminary exploration of neurocognitive outcomes in this population. At the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, 17 patients ( = 14.2, = 4.6) with a history of childhood ICH completed a neuropsychological assessment evaluating perceptual reasoning, verbal reasoning, processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory, visuomotor integration, selective attention, and executive functioning. Mean Full Scale IQ (FSIQ; = 98.1, = 13.6) fell within the clinically average range compared to population norms, though it was skewed toward lower ranges. Furthermore, approximately 50-60% of the participants scored under the clinically average range on tests of verbal learning, verbal memory, processing speed, and visuomotor integration. Youth with childhood ICH may present with FSIQ within the average range, but as a group they skew toward lower ranges and are more likely to demonstrate deficits in distinct neurocognitive domains. Clinical evaluation of a wide range of neuropsychological skills is warranted. Clinical implications encompass informing of intake interviews, development of test batteries, and appraisal of prognosis. Findings contribute to the limited knowledge base about neurocognitive outcomes following childhood ICH.
The relationship between executive functions and mathematics achievements in early-grade elementary students.
Bukva A, Memisevic H
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39466137 · Publisher ↗
Mathematics, along with reading and writing, is a core academic subject in the school curriculum. The development of mathematical skills is influenced by various cognitive factors, with executive functions (EF) playing a...
Mathematics, along with reading and writing, is a core academic subject in the school curriculum. The development of mathematical skills is influenced by various cognitive factors, with executive functions (EF) playing a central role. EF, which encompasses working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, is critical for supporting complex cognitive processes required for problem-solving and mathematical reasoning. Research consistently shows that children with stronger EF tend to achieve better academic outcomes, including in mathematics. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationships between the global EF and its three core components - working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility - and their impact on mathematics achievement. The sample for this study consisted of 180 children, aged 8-11 years (mean age: 9.6, SD: 1.0 year; 83 girls, 97 boys). EF was assessed using the Yellow-Red test, while mathematics achievement was evaluated based on teachers' evaluations of the child's mathematics performance. The results indicated a statistically significant effect of global EF and its three components on mathematics achievement. Given the potential malleability of EFs, we conclude with recommendations for strategies to enhance EF development at an early school age.
[Formula: see text] Learning from those who thrive: protective factors and neuroimaging markers in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease and with a favorable neurodevelopmental profile.
Ehrler M, O'Gorman R, Wehrle FM … +4 more , Speckert A, Jakab A, Kretschmar O, Latal B
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39450714 · Publisher ↗
Patients with complex congenital heart disease (cCHD) are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, yet many patients develop normally. This study investigated associations between a favorable neurodevelopmental profil...
Patients with complex congenital heart disease (cCHD) are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, yet many patients develop normally. This study investigated associations between a favorable neurodevelopmental profile and protective factors, quality of life (QoL), resilience, and brain development. Adolescents with cCHD ( = 100) were prospectively enrolled. Neurodevelopmental profiles comprised IQ, executive functions, and behavior. Standardized neuropsychological tests and questionnaires were used to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes, family factors, QoL, and resilience. Clinical data were obtained from medical charts. Cerebral MRI was acquired. Specific neurodevelopmental profiles were identified by latent profile analysis and were associated with clinical and family factors, QoL and resilience, and MRI markers. We identified two distinct groups of neurodevelopmental profiles (: = 57, : = 43). The group had significantly better neurodevelopmental outcome, better family functioning, and better parental mental health compared to the group. Clinical factors were not significantly associated with profile group. The group reported significantly better QoL and resilience and had larger total brain volumes. A positive family environment may be protective for long-term neurodevelopment and may outweigh the role of clinical factors. This study underlines the importance of family-centered care to promote favorable brain development and neurodevelopmental outcome.
Training rapid automatized naming in children with developmental Dyslexia.
Graziani D, Capodieci A, Casalini C … +4 more , Giaccherini S, Scali V, Luccherino L, Pecini C
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39417634 · Publisher ↗
The recommended rehabilitation procedures for Developmental Dyslexia (DD) are not well defined, and there is currently a large debate on which therapeutic approaches are shown to be more useful and effective. Among the t...
The recommended rehabilitation procedures for Developmental Dyslexia (DD) are not well defined, and there is currently a large debate on which therapeutic approaches are shown to be more useful and effective. Among the trainings focused on general dysfunctional cognitive processes associated with a reading disorder, recent studies suggested the efficacy of trainings on Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) compared to others. The present study was aimed at confirming the effectiveness of RAN training (RANt) to improve the reading performances of children with DD ( = 32) compared to children on a waiting list (WL, = 25) and to children in different treatment groups, one following a text reading training (RT, = 26) and the other combining RAN and text reading exercises (RANt+RT, = 20), through an online platform that allows intensive and self-adaptive activities. Results confirmed the efficacy of RANt in improving reading speed and accuracy compared to the WL group (r ranging from small (.16) to medium (.48)) and found the absence of differences with the other active control groups. The single-subject level analysis confirmed the results, a high inter-subject variability in treatment response and pre-post differences were found. Further studies could consider such variability in the functional profile of the DD subjects, but RANt was confirmed to be a valid tool for improving decoding skills.
[Formula: see text] Sensory processing, executive function, and behavior in children with ADHD.
Owen A, Cruz S, Pozo-Rodriguez M … +5 more , Conde-Pumpido S, Tubío-Fungueiriño M, Sampaio A, Carracedo A, Fernández-Prieto M
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39412162 · Publisher ↗
The relationship between sensory processing, executive function, and behavior in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is far from clear. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of...
The relationship between sensory processing, executive function, and behavior in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is far from clear. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of executive function in the relationship between sensory processing and behavior in ADHD. Sixty-three children (51 boys), aged between 7 and 14 years participated in this study. Caregivers completed the Sensory Profile 2 (SP-2), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function 2 (BRIEF-2), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess sensory processing, executive function, and behavior, respectively. Positive and significant associations were found between sensory processing, executive function, and behavioral problems. In addition, positive indirect effects between sensory processing and behavior were mediated by executive function. These findings add to other evidence on neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that sensory processing may be a foundational aspect related to executive function, which in turn affects behavior in ADHD.
Finnish children born very preterm have good reading comprehension but weak reading fluency at age 11 years - a longitudinal cohort study.
Joensuu E, Munck P, Nyman AH … +3 more , Setänen S, Rautava P, Stolt S
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39401072 · Publisher ↗
Children born very preterm (<32 gestational weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g) are at elevated risk for reading difficulties. This study aimed to investigate reading fluency and reading comprehension at 11 and to analyze...
Children born very preterm (<32 gestational weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g) are at elevated risk for reading difficulties. This study aimed to investigate reading fluency and reading comprehension at 11 and to analyze the associations between literacy skills at 7 and reading skills at 11 in 134 Finnish-speaking very preterm children. At 11, reading fluency and reading comprehension were evaluated. At 7, pre-reading skills, decoding, and writing were assessed. Results showed that there were more preterm children with weak skills in reading fluency compared to a normative test population. Reading comprehension was age appropriate. Additionally, 62% to 68% of the children with weak literacy skills at 7 had weak reading fluency at 11, compared to those with more advanced skills (43% to 33%, < 0.001 to 0.026). Respectively, 30% to 50% of the children with weak literacy at 7 had weak reading comprehension at 11 compared to those with more advanced skills (13% to 17%, < 0.001 to 0.005). Findings highlight the importance of screening reading fluency until 11 years and providing support for the continuum between literacy skills in the beginning of schooling and reading outcome at later school age.
Association between working memory performance and parent and teacher ratings of working memory in 11-year-old children born preterm.
Haveri L, Munck P, Leppänen JM … +3 more , Korpela S, Haataja L, Nyman AH
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39401053 · Publisher ↗
Working memory (WM) difficulties are often observed in children born preterm. We examined whether performance-based measures of WM components are associated with parent- and teacher-rated WM difficulties in the everyday...
Working memory (WM) difficulties are often observed in children born preterm. We examined whether performance-based measures of WM components are associated with parent- and teacher-rated WM difficulties in the everyday life of children born very preterm and/or at very low birth weight (VPT/VLBW) at 11 years ( = 165). The WM components as defined in the original Baddeley's model - phonological loop (PL), visuospatial sketchpad (VS), and central executive (CE) - were assessed with tasks from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth edition (WISC-IV). Parents and teachers completed the WM subscale of the Behavioral Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF). Measures of WM components were modestly associated with BRIEF scores, explaining 18.9% of the variance in parent-rated and 14.0% of teacher-rated WM difficulties. CE was the component most consistently associated with parent- and teacher-rated everyday WM. To conclude, our results suggest that tasks that utilize CE functions may best reflect WM outside of controlled test settings in the follow-up of VPT/VLBW children. However, performance and rating-scale measures provide unique information and are both needed to comprehensively assess WM skills.
Child-Hayling test for French school-aged children: psychometric properties and normative data.
Monnier C, Bayard S
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39359060 · Publisher ↗
The Hayling Completion Sentence Test (HSCT) is dedicated to assess inhibition of the dominant response and includes two conditions, an automatic condition in which the participants are asked to complete sentences properl...
The Hayling Completion Sentence Test (HSCT) is dedicated to assess inhibition of the dominant response and includes two conditions, an automatic condition in which the participants are asked to complete sentences properly and an inhibition condition in which the participants were asked to produce a word completely unrelated to the sentence. The aim of our study was 1) to adapt, 2) to evaluate the psychometric properties and 3) to standardize the HSCT into a French-school-aged pediatric population. We developed the Child-Hayling Test, a child adaptation of the adult French version of the HSCT. The reliability and validity of the Child-Hayling Test were then evaluated in a sample of 134 children aged 6-11 years. In the inhibition condition, children had lower response latency, as they get older. No effect of gender was observed. Reliability indices were low to moderate. Concerning the convergent and divergent validity, response latencies in the Child-Hayling Test correlated with latency scores in the Barre-Joe inhibition test, whereas the Child-Hayling Test scores were not related to children's lexical abilities. The Child-Hayling Test was then administered to 393 typically developing 6- to 11-year-old children. Normative data were calculated in the inhibition condition using a regression-based approach. Regression equations to calculate Z scores are provided for clinical use. In addition, we proposed a clear guideline on how to score children's inhibition responses. The Child-Hayling Test provides a useful tool for assessing prepotent response inhibition in children and can be recommended for use in clinical research and practice.
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