Child Neuropsychology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Formula: see text] Association between visual attention and parent-reported social problems in pediatric cancer survivors.
Kubinec N, Heinrich KP, Richard AE … +2 more , Hodges EK, Oswald-McCloskey KA
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39206856 · Publisher ↗
Social deficits in pediatric cancer survivors have been well documented and have been linked to neurocognitive late effects, particularly attention deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the association betwe...
Social deficits in pediatric cancer survivors have been well documented and have been linked to neurocognitive late effects, particularly attention deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between components of attention, both parent-report and a performance-based measure, with parent-reported social functioning in survivors of pediatric cancer. The study included data from outpatient neuropsychological evaluations of 76 survivors of pediatric cancer. The Integrated Visual and Auditory (IVA) continuous performance test was used to evaluate the components of attention with variables corresponding to Posner's model of attention. Assessment of inattention and peer problems were derived from the Conner's Parent Rating Scale, third edition. Parent-reported attention symptoms were significantly associated with worse auditory prudence ( = -0.382, < .001) and visual consistency ( = -0.234, = .046) and higher parent-reported peer problems ( = 0.302, = .008). Auditory attention domains were not significantly predictive of peer problems ( > .05). When controlling for FSIQ and type of cancer, worse visual consistency ( = .029) and visual speed ( = .036) were significantly associated with more peer problems. Parent-reported inattention was associated with only some domains of performance-based attention, highlighting the importance of using multi-modal assessments of attention. This study also revealed an important relationship between visual attention and peer problems.
Examining the relationship between functional connectivity and broader autistic traits in non-autistic children.
Beckerson ME, Kerr-German AN, Buss AT
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39105456 · Publisher ↗
In the current study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine functional connectivity (FC) in relation to measures of cognitive flexibility and autistic features in non-autistic children. Previou...
In the current study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine functional connectivity (FC) in relation to measures of cognitive flexibility and autistic features in non-autistic children. Previous research suggests that disruptions in FC between brain regions may underlie the cognitive and behavioral traits of autism. Moreover, research has identified a broader autistic phenotype (BAP), which refers to a set of behavioral traits that fall along a continuum of behaviors typical for autism but which do not cross a clinically relevant threshold. Thus, by examining FC in relation to the BAP in non-autistic children, we can better understand the spectrum of behaviors related to this condition and their neural basis. Results indicated age-related differences in performance across three measures of cognitive flexibility, as expected given the rapid development of this skill within this time period. Additionally, results showed that across the flexibility tasks, measures of autistic traits were associated with weaker FC along the executive control network, though task performance was not associated with FC. These results suggest that behavioral scores may be less sensitive than neural measures to autistic traits. Further, these results corroborate the use of broader autistic traits and the BAP to better understand disruptions to neural function associated with autism.
Reading skills over time among children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Kenepp A, Russell-Giller S, Seehra S … +2 more , Fee R, Hinton VJ
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39088241 · Full text
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive neuromuscular disorder with a distinct cognitive profile including decreased verbal span. Children with DMD are also at risk for lower scores on academic achie...
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive neuromuscular disorder with a distinct cognitive profile including decreased verbal span. Children with DMD are also at risk for lower scores on academic achievement tests and increased behavioral problems. Longitudinal analyses generally reveal a stable intellectual profile, although attention and behavioral problems may negatively impact longitudinal IQ scores. To date, no study has reported on reading over time in DMD. Reading performance was assessed longitudinally in children with DMD, examining for potential contributions to the trajectory. Retrospective data analysis on assessments completed at baseline, year 2, and year 4 on 26 boys with DMD and 27 unaffected sibling controls (age at baseline: DMD 8 ± 1.4, controls 9 ± 2.6) indicated that children with DMD performed slightly, yet significantly, worse than controls on reading skills, but the longitudinal trajectory of reading skills for children with DMD and controls was not significantly different. Verbal span at time 1 was uniquely associated with later reading skills in children with DMD. Behavior was not associated with declines. The results confirm that children with DMD underperform on reading tasks and align with previous research suggesting that cognitive skills in DMD are stable over time.
Further validation of the Parent-Reported ADHD Symptom Infrequency Scale (PRASIS) in parents of children with oppositional defiant disorder and anxiety.
Lesica S, Skeel R, Fust BE … +1 more , Jepsen A
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39072667 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to validate a novel parent-report measure of ADHD symptom inflation, the Parent-Reported ADHD Symptom Infrequency Scale (PRASIS), in a clinical sample. The PRASIS is composed of an Infrequency subscale a...
This study aimed to validate a novel parent-report measure of ADHD symptom inflation, the Parent-Reported ADHD Symptom Infrequency Scale (PRASIS), in a clinical sample. The PRASIS is composed of an Infrequency subscale and an ADHD subscale. Online participants were assigned to one of three groups: mothers of children with diagnosed ADHD ( = 110), mothers of children with diagnosed ODD and/or anxiety ( = 116), and mothers of children without ADHD, ODD, or anxiety. The third group was then randomized to either receive instructions to complete the questionnaire honestly (controls, = 164) or to complete the questionnaire as if they were trying to convince a provider that their child has ADHD (simulators, = 141). Results indicated good to excellent internal consistency (INF α = .83, ADHD Total α = .93); strong convergent validity of the PRASIS ADHD scale with the ADHD Rating Scale-5 ((529) = .85, < .001); excellent group discrimination of the PRASIS Infrequency scale and the PRASIS ADHD scale (η = 0.38-0.42); and specificity of 86.7, sensitivity of 67.4%, and an AUC of .86 for the Infrequency scale. Overall, these outcomes supported the utility of the PRASIS in samples including mothers of children with psychiatric diagnoses of ODD and/or anxiety.
Low neurocognitive performance and problematic contexts: interaction influences in predicting adolescent externalizing behaviors within a community sample.
Mazurek C, Barry TD, Fisher K
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39072450 · Publisher ↗
Research has identified neurocognitive and contextual risk factors of externalizing behaviors. However, fewer studies have examined the interaction among neurocognitive and other risk factors in predicting externalizing...
Research has identified neurocognitive and contextual risk factors of externalizing behaviors. However, fewer studies have examined the interaction among neurocognitive and other risk factors in predicting externalizing behaviors. The goal of the current study was to examine the relation between neurocognitive and contextual factors in predicting externalizing behaviors in a community sample of adolescents. Participants were 84 adolescents, aged 11-17 ( = 13.39, = 1.82), recruited as part of a larger study. Separate moderated multiple regression models were utilized in which neurocognitive variables (intellectual functioning, short-term memory/attention, disinhibition) were added as predictors and contextual variables (family dysfunction and parental depression, anxiety, and stress) were added as moderators in step 1, and their interaction was added in step 2. Externalizing behaviors served as criterion variables (hyperactivity/impulsivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptom severity, reactive and proactive aggression). Overall, results suggest that higher levels of problematic contextual factors exacerbate the significant negative associations among neurocognitive functioning and externalizing behaviors. Importantly, this pattern was shown across neurocognitive domains and contextual factors. Findings suggest that contextual factors should be targeted for the treatment or prevention of youth externalizing behaviors, particularly for adolescents with neurocognitive vulnerabilities.
[Formula: see text] The mathematical word problem-solving performance gap between children with and without math difficulties: does working memory mediate and/or moderate treatment effects?
Swanson HL, Orosco MJ, Reed DK
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39049784 · Publisher ↗
This study determined the extent to which working memory (WM) played a moderating and/or mediating role in word-problem-solving (WPS) instructional outcomes between children with and without math difficulties (MD). A ran...
This study determined the extent to which working memory (WM) played a moderating and/or mediating role in word-problem-solving (WPS) instructional outcomes between children with and without math difficulties (MD). A randomized pretest-posttest control group study investigated the effects of 8-week strategy instruction in one of four treatment conditions on WPS accuracy of third graders with MD ( = 136) when compared to children with ( = 28) and without MD ( = 43). Comparisons were made of three strategy conditions that included overt cues (e.g. underlining key sentences, filling in diagrams), another treatment condition that removed the overt cues (material-only), and two control conditions (children with and without MD). Four important findings emerged. First, posttest WM significantly predicted posttest WPS, computation, and schema accuracy independent of pretest and treatment conditions. Second, posttest WM mediated posttest WPS treatment outcomes when the control conditions included children without MD. Third, strategy conditions that included overt cues (e.g. crossing out irrelevant sentences) decreased WM demands compared to the Materials-Only condition (without overt cues) for children with MD. Finally, incremental attention allocation training within treatment conditions improved posttest WM in children with MD but not posttest WPS. Results indicated that WPS differences between children with and without MD across treatment conditions were mediated by posttest WM performance.
Predictive associations of executive functions and oppositional defiant problems and obsessive-compulsive problems in preschoolers.
Zevedei DE, Penelo E, Navarro JB … +2 more , de la Osa N, Ezpeleta L
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39016189 · Publisher ↗
Oppositional defiant problems (ODP) and obsessive-compulsive problems (OCP) may co-occur in children, though the way they interact is not known. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between execu...
Oppositional defiant problems (ODP) and obsessive-compulsive problems (OCP) may co-occur in children, though the way they interact is not known. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between executive functions at age 3 and ODP, ODP dimensions, and OCP at age 6. The sample consisted of 622 preschoolers (50% were boys) from the general population. Executive functions were assessed by teachers using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning - Preschool version questionnaire when children were 3 years old, and ODP and OCP were informed by parents and teachers at the age of 6 years. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that higher Inhibit and Emotional Control and lower Shift deficits were associated with higher ODP reported by teachers, while higher Shift but lower Inhibit deficits were related to higher OCP. Moreover, ODP and OCP shared difficulties on the Flexibility Index, which means that the capacity to modulate emotions and behavior according to contextual and environmental demands is compromised in both disorders. The findings inform etiology and prevention, pointing out not only the executive function specificities related to each problem, but also common cognitive challenges related to Flexibility. Young children could benefit from training and programs designed to improve executive function processes at an early age to prevent later behavioral difficulties.
The relation between MIND diet with odds of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iranian children: a case-control study.
Bayranj Z, Fotros D, Sohouli MH … +5 more , Rohani P, Eslahi M, Ferdosi S, Khodadadi N, Hosseinzadeh M
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 38975687 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to investigate the association between the MIND index (Mediterranean- Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (A...
This study aims to investigate the association between the MIND index (Mediterranean- Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Iranian children. It builds upon existing research that highlights the role of dietary antioxidants in alleviating psychological disorders, cognitive impairments, and memory deficits. Additionally, previous studies have separately explored the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean and DASH diets on these issues. A case-control study was undertaken in Iran, involving a sample of 360 children and adolescents aged 7-13 years. Participants were divided into two groups, namely the case group ( = 120) and the control group ( = 240), with age and sex being matched between the groups. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) was employed for the diagnosis of ADHD. The MIND diet score was computed using the food intake data acquired from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) completed by the subjects. The mean ± SD for the age and BMI of the study population was 8.76 ± 1.64 years and 16.90 ± 3.58 kg/m2, respectively. The mean score of MIND in this study was 27.93. After adjustment for potential confounder in the final model, subjects in highest compared to the lowest quartile of MIND diet score had significantly lower odds of ADHD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.83; P-trend = 0.019). This study provides valuable evidence suggesting that adherence to the MIND diet is associated with decreased odds of ADHD.
What does the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment-II (NEPSY-II) measure in children ages 7 to 12? A structural and psychometric analysis.
Singh LJ, Floyd RG, Reynolds MR … +2 more , Pike NM, Huenergarde MC
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38873994 · Publisher ↗
The Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment - II (NEPSY-II) is a widely used assessment battery in pediatric settings, but its internal structure has not been adequately examined. This study employed a rational, empi...
The Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment - II (NEPSY-II) is a widely used assessment battery in pediatric settings, but its internal structure has not been adequately examined. This study employed a rational, empirical approach to examine the construct validity of 23 NEPSY-II subtest scores from children ages 7-12 ( = 9.99, = 2.76) in the NEPSY-II norming sample ( = 600; 50% girls). Competing higher-order models based on prior research, hypothesized NEPSY-II domains, and conceptual subtest classifications were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis and a sequential approach to model comparisons. The results supported the multidimensionality of NEPSY-II subtests and the organization of subtests by hypothesized neuropsychological domains. The best fitting model included a general factor and four first-order factors. Factor loadings from the general factor to first-order factors were very strong. However, general factor loadings for most subtests were less than .50 (range = .21-.69, = .44), and domain-specific effects for all subtests, independent of the general factor, were even lower (range = .00-.45, = .44). Interestingly, all subtests demonstrated strong subtest-specific effects, but it is not clear what construct(s) the subtest-specific effects represent. Findings support NEPSY-II authors' emphasis on subtest-level interpretations rather than composite-level interpretations and highlight that NEPSY-II subtest scores should be interpreted carefully and with caution.
A transdiagnostic examination of cognitive heterogeneity in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Al-Saoud S, Nichols ES, Brossard-Racine M … +3 more , Wild CJ, Norton L, Duerden EG
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38863216 · Publisher ↗
Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders demonstrate extensive cognitive heterogeneity that is not adequately captured by traditional diagnostic systems, emphasizing the need for alternative assessment...
Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders demonstrate extensive cognitive heterogeneity that is not adequately captured by traditional diagnostic systems, emphasizing the need for alternative assessment and classification techniques. Using a transdiagnostic approach, a retrospective cohort study of cognitive functioning was conducted using a large heterogenous sample ( = 1529) of children and adolescents 7 to 18 years of age with neurodevelopmental disorders. Measures of short-term memory, verbal ability, and reasoning were administered to participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), comorbid ADHD/ASD, and participants without neurodevelopmental disorders (non-NDD) using a 12-task, web-based neurocognitive testing battery. Unsupervised machine learning techniques were used to create a self-organizing map, an artificial neural network, in conjunction with k-means clustering to identify data-driven subgroups. The study aims were to: 1) identify cognitive profiles in the sample using a data-driven approach, and 2) determine their correspondence with traditional diagnostic statuses. Six clusters representing different cognitive profiles were identified, including participants with varying forms of cognitive impairment. Diagnostic status did not correspond with cluster-membership, providing evidence for the application of transdiagnostic approaches to understanding cognitive heterogeneity in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, the findings suggest that many typically developing participants may have undiagnosed learning difficulties, emphasizing the need for accessible cognitive assessment tools in school-based settings.
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Cognitive Functioning Scale (PedsQL-CFS) in children with cancer.
Güney Yılmaz G, Tanrıverdi M, Şahin S … +1 more , Çakır FB
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38832834 · Publisher ↗
The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Cognitive Functioning Scale (PedsQL-CFS) was developed as a brief, general, symptom-specific tool to measure cognitive function. The 6-item PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale and...
The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Cognitive Functioning Scale (PedsQL-CFS) was developed as a brief, general, symptom-specific tool to measure cognitive function. The 6-item PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale and PedsQL 3.0 Cancer Module answered 369 parents and 330 children with 5-18 years. Parents also completed Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale evidenced excellent reliability (parent proxy-report α = 0.980/Fleiss Kappa: 0.794; children self-report α = 0.963/Fleiss Kappa: 0.790). Both child self-report and parent proxy-report PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale scores exhibited significant correlations with all parent-report BRIEF summary and subscale scores ( < .05). Both child self-report and parent proxy-report PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale scores exhibited significant correlations with PedsQL 3.0 Cancer Module total score and subscale scores ( < .05). The PedsQL-CFS can be used in high-risk populations with substantial to perfect reliability, both in regards to total/subcategory scores as well as in children with cancer.
The Tower of London task in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Kavanaugh BC, Legere C, Vigne M … +2 more , Holler K, Spirito A
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38829302 · Full text
The Tower of London, Drexel Version, Second Edition (TOL-DX) is purported to measure multiple aspects of executive functions, although it also possesses inherent non-executive demands. Such complexity makes it useful in...
The Tower of London, Drexel Version, Second Edition (TOL-DX) is purported to measure multiple aspects of executive functions, although it also possesses inherent non-executive demands. Such complexity makes it useful in detecting impairment but difficult in interpreting the neurocognitive cause of impairment, particularly in children. This study investigated the developmental, neurocognitive, and symptom correlates of the TOL-DX in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders. Two-hundred and thirty-three children and adolescents (7-21 years old) completed the TOL-DX during a neuropsychological evaluation as part of clinical care within a children's psychiatric hospital. Pearson correlation, regression models, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses examined the association among variables. Visuospatial and executive functions (EF) were most consistently related to total moves, execution time, and violations. TOL-DX variables were associated with attention in younger participants and EF in older participants. No TOL-DX scores were related to parent-reported symptoms. The TOL-DX possesses inherent visuospatial and attention/executive demands in children and adolescents which are difficult to differentiate, differ by age group, and not associated to clinical symptoms. Taken together, the TOL-DX is complex to interpret, but psychometrically sound and sensitive to neurocognitive impairment in children and adolescents with transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorders.
Correlates of performance on the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) in a mixed pediatric sample.
Donders J, Ramos A
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38817122 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to determine some of the factors that influence performance on a comprehensive test of verbal and visual memory in children, the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) in a mixed clinical sample ( =...
This study aimed to determine some of the factors that influence performance on a comprehensive test of verbal and visual memory in children, the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) in a mixed clinical sample ( = 178; 56% male, 67% White, median age 12 years). We used hierarchical linear regression analyses with ChAMP standard scores as the dependent variable, and parental education as well as Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V) factor index scores as the independent variables. WISC-V Processing Speed and (to a lesser extent) Working Memory were statistically significant predictors of most ChAMP Index scores. In addition, WISC-V Verbal Comprehension contributed to the model for ChAMP Verbal Memory, and WISC-V Visual Spatial to the model for ChAMP Visual Memory. In each case better performance on the WISC-V was predictive of higher scores on the ChAMP, with large effect sizes. WISC-V variables also mediated the positive effect of parental education on ChAMP scores. We conclude that clinicians should consider performance on measures of speed of processing, working memory, language and visual-spatial skills as potential influences on ChAMP results that may suggest a specific memory deficit.
EEG findings and clinical severity and quality of life in non-epileptic patients with autism spectrum disorders.
Paveenakiattikhun S, Likhitweerawong N, Sanguansermsri C
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38805362 · Publisher ↗
Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities could be seen in up to 60% of non-epileptic children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They have been used as biomarkers of ASD severity. The objective of our study is to ident...
Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities could be seen in up to 60% of non-epileptic children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They have been used as biomarkers of ASD severity. The objective of our study is to identify EEG abnormalities in children with different degrees of ASD severity based on the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). We also want to assess the quality of life for children with ASD. All of the children underwent at least one hour of sleep-deprived EEG. Forty-five children were enrolled, of whom 42 were male. EEG abnormalities were found in 10 (22.2%) children, predominantly in the bilateral frontal areas. There were no differences in EEG findings among the mild, moderate, and severe ASD groups. The severity of ASD was associated with female sex (-value = 0.013), ASD with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (-value = 0.032), ASD children taking medications (-value = 0.048), and a lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) (-value <0.001). Social and emotional domains were the most problematic for health-related quality of life in ASD children, according to parent reports of PedsQL. Further studies with a larger sample size will help to clarify the potential associations between EEG abnormalities and the severity of ASD, as well as the impact on quality of life.
Association between intra-individual variability and prefrontal cortex activity measured by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in children with ADHD.
Lee U, Oh KS, Shin YC … +8 more , Jeon SW, Cho SJ, Kim J, Kim ES, Lee MY, Moon S, Kim EJ, Shin D
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Feb · PMID 38781441 · Publisher ↗
This study uses fNIRS to determine whether there is a difference in the relationship between intra-individual variability and frontal lobe activity between ADHD patients and typically developing children. A total of 28 s...
This study uses fNIRS to determine whether there is a difference in the relationship between intra-individual variability and frontal lobe activity between ADHD patients and typically developing children. A total of 28 subjects (14 in ADHD patient group and 14 in control group) participated in this study. The subjects were tested for K-SADS and intelligence, and then the frontal lobe activity of the subjects was measured by continuous performance test, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRSIT). Processing speed index was significantly lower in the ADHD patient group than in the control group ( = .04). The CPT test results showed a positive correlation in the activity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal region in the patient group, but not at a statistically significant level. In the control group, activity showed a significant level of negative correlation with commission and hit reaction time standard deviation ( = .023; = .063 respectively). In contrary to ADHD patient group, activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal area was significantly correlated with reduction of intra-individual variability. This result showing that the relationship between activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal area of the ADHD patient group and intra-individual variability shows a different pattern from typically developing children.
Which childhood predictive indices forecast reading and writing skills in school-age children: a systematic review.
Mercugliano A, Bigozzi L, De Cunto A … +5 more , Graziani D, Pecini C, Usai MC, Vecchi S, Ruffini C
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jan · PMID 38720434 · Publisher ↗
Learning to read and write are essential academic skills that children develop during their early years of primary school. These skills are supported by various predictive indices that emerge in early childhood. This rev...
Learning to read and write are essential academic skills that children develop during their early years of primary school. These skills are supported by various predictive indices that emerge in early childhood. This review has three main goals: to identify which factors are closely examined as predictors for reading and writing, specifically decoding and encoding skills, in different populations and languages (Objective 1); to assess the longitudinal relationship between these predictors and reading and writing skills (Objective 2), considering difficulties or disorders in these areas (Objective 3), during school-age. Using the PRISMA methodology, 81 articles were reviewed. As a first result, there is a significant difference in the number of studies investigating the relationship between predictors and reading ( = 75) compared to writing ( = 18). The most extensively studied predictors for both skills are phonological awareness, language skills, executive functions, rapid automatized naming, and non-verbal cognitive skills. English is the most studied language. Results indicated variability in the relationship between predictors and reading/writing, possibly due to differences in the analyzed populations, chosen outcome measures, and statistical analyses. Additionally, few studies explored the long-term connection between predictors and learning difficulties. In summary, recognizing the multifaceted nature of predictive factors for reading and writing is crucial, and early screening is important for tailored preventive interventions in case of early deficiencies. Future research should delve into writing, conduct cross-cultural studies with diverse languages, and explore the role of predictive factors in understanding reading and writing difficulties or disorders.
Carer-reported sleep disturbance and carer- and teacher-rated executive functioning in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
Chandler-Mather N, Crichton A, Shelton D … +3 more , Harris K, Donovan C, Dawe S
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jan · PMID 38607688 · Publisher ↗
Children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) have high rates of sleep disturbance and marked difficulties with executive functioning (EF). Sleep disturbance has been associated...
Children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) have high rates of sleep disturbance and marked difficulties with executive functioning (EF). Sleep disturbance has been associated with poorer EF across development in typically developing children. The contribution of insomnia symptoms and nightmares to EF difficulties in children with PAE and FASD is unclear. The current study examined whether caregiver-reported insomnia symptoms and nightmares predicted difficulties with EF in children with PAE who were assessed at FASD diagnostic clinics. Archival data on 116 children with PAE assessed at FASD diagnostic clinics were extracted from databases. Children were assigned to a preschool-age group (3.1 to 5.9 years, = 40) and a school-age group (5.9 to 10.9 years, = 76). Insomnia symptoms and nightmares were measured using items extracted from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) while EF was measured using the caregiver and teacher Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) rating forms. Bootstrapped regression models were used examine the effects of insomnia symptoms and nightmares on domains of EF in each group while adjusting for potential confounds. For preschool children, insomnia symptoms were associated with greater daytime tiredness while nightmares were associated with greater difficulties with Emergent Metacognition according to their teachers. For school-age children, insomnia symptoms predicted greater EF difficulties across most domains according to their caregivers but not teachers. Sleep disturbance may compound EF impairments in children with PAE and should be screened for as part of FASD diagnostic assessment.
The diagnosis of ADHD in children and adolescents with epilepsy: a scoping review.
Gionet S, Lord M, Plourde V
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jan · PMID 38588042 · Publisher ↗
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often diagnosed in children and adolescents with epilepsy, but clear clinical guidelines on how to make this diagnosis are still lacking. Without these guidelines, there...
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often diagnosed in children and adolescents with epilepsy, but clear clinical guidelines on how to make this diagnosis are still lacking. Without these guidelines, there is no consensus between specialists on how to proceed when assessing children with epilepsy for ADHD, which can negatively impact the quality of care being offered to this population. As a first step toward gaining more specific clinical guidelines, this scoping review was aimed at documenting the tools and procedures used to diagnose ADHD in children and adolescents with epilepsy over time and at determining whether the diagnoses were made in accordance with clinical guidelines and recommendations. The literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL. Studies were included if conducted with children and adolescents aged between 4 and 18 years with epilepsy being evaluated for ADHD. Studies were clustered according to their publication date and the reported diagnostic procedures were identified. Forty-nine out of 3854 records were included. Results highlight discrepancies between how ADHD was diagnosed in reviewed studies and clinical guidelines or recommendations. Indeed, most studies did not use a multi-method and multi-informant approach when diagnosing ADHD in children with epilepsy, with no improvement over time. Future studies aimed at diagnosing ADHD in children and adolescents should ensure that they are following clinical guidelines and recommendations, in addition to adapting their diagnostic procedures to the presence of any neurological comorbidities, such as epilepsy.
Longitudinal study of personal space in autism.
Asada K, Akechi H, Kikuchi Y … +5 more , Tojo Y, Hakarino K, Saito A, Hasegawa T, Kumagaya S
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jan · PMID 38578305 · Publisher ↗
The size and regulation of personal space are reportedly atypical in autistic individuals. As personal space regulates social interaction, its developmental change is essential for understanding the nature of social diff...
The size and regulation of personal space are reportedly atypical in autistic individuals. As personal space regulates social interaction, its developmental change is essential for understanding the nature of social difficulties that autistic individuals face. Adolescence is an important developmental period in which social relationships become complex. We conducted a three-year longitudinal study of interpersonal distances in autistic and typically developing (TD) individuals aged 12-18 years at Time 1 and 15-21 years at Time 2. Their preferred interpersonal distances were measured when an experimenter approached the participants with and without eye contact. The interpersonal distances of autistic individuals were shorter than those of TD individuals at both Time 1 and Time 2. Furthermore, the interpersonal distances of autistic individuals at Time 1 and Time 2 were highly correlated, but no such correlation was found in TD individuals. The results suggest that the interpersonal distances of autistic individuals are stable and that the shorter preferred interpersonal distances in autistic individuals compared to those of TD individuals are maintained during adolescence.
Social skill and social withdrawal outcomes in children following pediatric stroke.
Camilleri C, Wilson A, Beribisky N … +4 more , Desrocher M, Williams T, Dlamini N, Westmacott R
Child Neuropsychol · 2025 Jan · PMID 38557290 · Publisher ↗
Pediatric stroke can result in long-term impairments across attention, functional communication and motor domains. The current paper utilized parent reports of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children 2nd Edition an...
Pediatric stroke can result in long-term impairments across attention, functional communication and motor domains. The current paper utilized parent reports of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children 2nd Edition and the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure to examine children's social skills and withdrawal behavior within a pediatric stroke population. Using the Canadian Pediatric Stroke Registry at The Hospital for Sick Children, data were analyzed for 312 children with ischemic stroke. Children with ischemic stroke demonstrated elevated parent-reported social skills problems (observed = 20.51%, expected = 14.00%) and clinically elevated social withdrawal (observed = 11.21%, expected = 2.00%). Attentional problems significantly contributed to reduced social skills, (3,164) = 30.68, < 0.01, while attentional problems and neurological impairments accounted for increased withdrawal behavior, (2, 164) = 7.47, < 0.01. The presence of a motor impairment was associated with higher social withdrawal compared to individuals with no motor impairment diagnosis, (307.73) = 2.25, < .025, = 0.25, 95% CI [0.42, 6.21]. The current study demonstrates that children with stroke who experience motor impairments, attentional problems, reduced functional communication skills, and neurological impairments can experience deficits in their social skills and withdrawal behavior.
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