Psychological Reports[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Resilience Protective Factors Checklist - Second Edition (RPFC-2): A Review and Revision of Individual, Family, and Community Protections.
Arkfeld PA, Powell KM, Sturgess KL … +1 more , Conner BT
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41217977 · Publisher ↗
The Resilience Protective Factors Checklist (RPFC) is a strengths-based oriented clinical questionnaire that assists in the identification of protective factors that have been empirically linked to resilience and positiv...
The Resilience Protective Factors Checklist (RPFC) is a strengths-based oriented clinical questionnaire that assists in the identification of protective factors that have been empirically linked to resilience and positive outcomes. This study utilized a Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assist in the identification of additional protective factors linked to resilience, which informed the creation of the Resilience Protective Factors Checklist - Second Edition (RPFC-2). CFA results validated the structure of the RPFC-2 (CFI = .83, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .06), with small discrepancies between the hypothesized model and the model from our sample data. Participants were undergraduate college students ( = 652). The results revealed a total of 34 protective factors that represent three interrelated areas of protection-Individual, Family, and Community streng ths and resources. The results are further broken down into eleven areas of protection that can be targeted in human services. An important goal of the present study was to identify and strengthen the factors that assist people in leading resilient, well-adjusted lives.
How Does Cognitive Reappraisal Longitudinally Contribute to Psychological Resilience Among Adolescents: Evidence Based on the Affect-Regulation Framework.
Hu J, Wu X, Yu T
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41215719 · Publisher ↗
The affect-regulation framework provides a comprehensive explanation of how individuals demonstrate resilience in the face of adversity. However, this theoretical model has yet to be empirically tested. The present study...
The affect-regulation framework provides a comprehensive explanation of how individuals demonstrate resilience in the face of adversity. However, this theoretical model has yet to be empirically tested. The present study aims to validate this framework in adolescent populations by examining the longitudinal relationship between cognitive reappraisal (an adaptive emotion regulation strategy) and psychological resilience, while also exploring the mediating roles of two short-term outcomes: positive affect and social connectedness. Data were collected from 316 high school students across three time points, and path analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal at T1 was positively associated with psychological resilience at T3. Furthermore, both positive affect and social connectedness measured at T2 exerted indirect effects on this relationship. These findings highlight the critical role of cognitive reappraisal, positive affect, and social connectedness in fostering psychological resilience among adolescents.
Changes in Purpose in Life Across the First Year of University Associate With End of First Year Psychological and Academic Outcomes.
Alderson JE, Hill PL, Turiano NA
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41208779 · Publisher ↗
A sense of purpose in life, defined as a dispositional tendency to pursue goals and activities in line with one's overarching life direction, has been discussed as a key individual difference factor to foster in today's...
A sense of purpose in life, defined as a dispositional tendency to pursue goals and activities in line with one's overarching life direction, has been discussed as a key individual difference factor to foster in today's college students. However, few studies have inspected the benefits of purpose change specifically in a college student sample. The present study sought to model changes in students' sense of purpose in life across the first year of college and use this change to predict academic performance and psychosocial indicators of well-being at the end of that first year in a representative sample of a cohort (2019-2020) of undergraduates from a large Appalachian university ( = 775, 90.25% White, 49.67% female). Using structural equation modeling to test linear growth curves, results demonstrated that both student's initial level and increases over time in purpose in life were robustly associated with better academic and psychosocial outcomes. These novel findings suggest that a sense of purpose in life is an important individual difference factor to cultivate in college students, and that facilitation of a strong sense of purpose in life could promote student success and well-being.
Coping Information Affects Older and Young Adults' Security Update Decisions.
Stephens JDW, Overman AA, Anwar M … +2 more , Goldberg PL, Mejia A
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41208720 · Publisher ↗
Software updating is a critical cybersecurity measure that often depends on decision making by end users on whether to apply, delay, or ignore updates when available. Little is known about how aging may interact with cog...
Software updating is a critical cybersecurity measure that often depends on decision making by end users on whether to apply, delay, or ignore updates when available. Little is known about how aging may interact with cognitive factors and cybersecurity attitudes to affect software update decisions in older versus younger adults. The present study used an online experiment ( = 120) to compare older and younger adults' responses to hypothetical software update scenarios that varied in cognitive load, threat information, and coping information, along with measurements of cybersecurity-related attitudes. Across both age groups, coping-related information was more effective than threat information at yielding adaptive responses to software update decisions. Additionally, among older adults, the OSBBQ was associated with more adaptive responses, suggesting that it has practical utility in assessing older adults' cybersecurity behaviors. The results have implications for future research and promotion of safe cybersecurity practices among younger and older adults.
The Influence of Mindfulness-Based Factors on Well-Being in an Academic Setting.
Swickert R, Tracey S, Wells A … +5 more , Weimer E, Hittner J, Alsarraf S, Sorgeloos G, Stone A
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41197111 · Publisher ↗
The mindfulness components of acceptance, decentering, and non-attachment allow individuals to be less defensive and to respond more adaptively to challenges in their environment. In an academic environment this could be...
The mindfulness components of acceptance, decentering, and non-attachment allow individuals to be less defensive and to respond more adaptively to challenges in their environment. In an academic environment this could be helpful in mitigating the stress associated with failure, which in turn may allow for greater well-being. Therefore, the purpose of Study 1 was to examine whether these protective factors might allow students to feel less academic burnout and greater academic engagement. College students ( = 222) completed an online survey that measured the study variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that Decentering and Acceptance significantly predicted Academic Burnout. Decentering also was shown to be a significant predictor of School Engagement. Given that Decentering was related to both Academic Burnout and Engagement, in Study 2 this variable was manipulated to determine whether it would allow individuals to respond more adaptively in the context of an academic failure. All participants took a challenging test and were given feedback that they failed it. Then, participants engaged in either a Decentering meditation or a Control condition. Participants then completed a second test and were asked about their levels of Stress, Focus and Confidence after completing the test. Participants in the Decentering condition reported lower Stress and higher Confidence, as compared to the Control condition. This research suggests that these components of mindfulness, and decentering in particular, could play an important role in fostering well-being in an academic environment. Implications of these results and recommendations for future work are discussed.
"You are Happy, so I am Happy?" A Study on the Trickle-Down Effects of Well-Being in the Organisation.
Wang C, Zhou Y, Zhu H
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41187927 · Publisher ↗
With the mounting pressure of work and life, improving personal well-being has become increasingly significant. Existing studies illustrate that hierarchical relationships in organisations may affect employees' perceptio...
With the mounting pressure of work and life, improving personal well-being has become increasingly significant. Existing studies illustrate that hierarchical relationships in organisations may affect employees' perceptions and cognitions. However, there is a relative lack of research on the trickle-down of well-being across different hierarchical levels. This paper examines a trickle-down model of well-being across three hierarchical levels (i.e., CEO, middle-level managers and employees), as well as the synergistic effect of human resource management (HRM). We used a mixed-method design. In-depth interviews of middle managers and non-managerial employees offered initial insights for our research questions and hypotheses. Multi-level analyses of 1,386 employees from 120 enterprises further tested and confirmed that CEO well-being may independently affect the well-being of two middle-level managers (the line manager and the HR manager) and further improve employee well-being. Besides, a significant three-way interactive effect, among line-manager well-being, HR-manager well-being and commitment-based HRM, may synergistically promote employee well-being. When line-manager well-being, HR-manager well-being and commitment-based HRM are all high, employees exhibit the highest level of well-being. The results provide support for the application of a trickle-down model of well-being and extend the research on the synergy between leaders and HRM systems.
Development and Validation of the Limerence Questionnaire (LQ-11).
Marshall L, Waldeck D, Pancani L … +2 more , Churchill S, Tyndall I
Psychol Rep · 2025 Nov · PMID 41178753 · Publisher ↗
Limerence is an overwhelming and debilitating experience involving the intense and often obsessive attachment towards a person who becomes the limerent object, which when left unharnessed, typically results in negative o...
Limerence is an overwhelming and debilitating experience involving the intense and often obsessive attachment towards a person who becomes the limerent object, which when left unharnessed, typically results in negative outcomes. At present, there are no published measures to assess the construct of limerence. To address this gap, we developed a short self-report measure to measure limerence (The Limerence Questionnaire-11; LQ-11). This paper reports two studies with data from two different samples (Study 1, = 269; Study 2, = 401) of participants that had experienced or were currently experiencing limerence. Results from the exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure comprising of '' and ' (Study 1). Confirmatory Factor Analysis subsequently confirmed a two-factor structure with excellent internal reliability (Study 2). Results demonstrated that the LQ-11 had good concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity. The LQ-11 is an easily administrable questionnaire for potential use in both interpersonal research domains and in clinical and therapeutic settings.
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS): Normative Data From a Community Sample and Observed Interactions With Sex, Marital Status, Education, and Age.
Chuning AE, Li N, Lane RD … +1 more , Smith R
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41170647 · Publisher ↗
Emotional awareness (EA) is a valuable cognitive skill relevant to understanding human behavior and social relationships. The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) was developed in 1990 and has been utilized extensi...
Emotional awareness (EA) is a valuable cognitive skill relevant to understanding human behavior and social relationships. The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) was developed in 1990 and has been utilized extensively in research to measure individuals' EA. However, there is no published normative information on this instrument in a U.S. sample. We report normative LEAS data (n = 381, M = 42.71, 51% females, 85.30 % White) for demographic variable levels (age, sex, education, socio-economic status [SES], marital status, ethnicity, religion). We also examine interactions among these variables in predicting LEAS scores. Results showed main effects of age, sex, education level, SES, ethnicity, and marital status on LEAS scores; higher scores were observed for female, younger, more educated, higher SES, white, and single participants. There were significant interactions between sex/education level, sex/marital status, and age/marital status. In conclusion, analysis of archived normative data revealed that age, sex, education, SES, and marital status uniquely impact LEAS scores; interactions between these factors also provided further insights into sources of variability. Future research in U.S. samples can utilize these normative data to better understand findings within and between specific populations of interest.
Objective Social Isolation Predicts Perspective-Taking and Empathic Concern.
Gagner E, Marcoux A, Tessier MH … +1 more , Jackson PL
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41168172 · Publisher ↗
Perceived social isolation (PSI) predicts adverse health and behaviour problems better than objective social isolation (OSI). PSI is related to higher sensitivity to negative emotional states and emotional dysregulation....
Perceived social isolation (PSI) predicts adverse health and behaviour problems better than objective social isolation (OSI). PSI is related to higher sensitivity to negative emotional states and emotional dysregulation. Some studies suggest that the more socially isolated people feel, the more sensitive they are to the suffering of others, yet the less empathic they are. However, no study has tested the association between social isolation and empathy while distinguishing their state and trait forms. This study examined how individuals with high- and low-PSI trait perceived and empathized with virtual agents displaying facial expressions. Sixty-six healthy young adults (38 women) were equally divided into high- or low-trait PSI subgroups. All participants reported their current state of PSI and then watched short videos of virtual agents showing facial expressions of physical pain or sadness. For each video, participants rated the perceived intensity of affective states and empathy felt (state empathy). They also completed questionnaires on trait empathy, OSI, moods, and depressive symptomatology. The results showed no effect of group (high- or low-trait PSI), facial expression (pain, sadness), or their interaction on state empathy and intensity mean ratings. However, regression analyses revealed that OSI specifically predicted perspective-taking and empathic concern aspects of trait empathy, whereas trait PSI predicted the personal distress aspect. These findings suggest that social skills may play a role in maintaining and developing relationships but are not linked to one's perception of their quality. This work highlights the importance of differentiating objective from perceived social isolation, given their distinct associations with specific social processes and skills, such as empathy. This distinction could further help develop more targeted interventions to alleviate social isolation.
Evidence of the File Drawer/Publication Bias Problem in Organization Research: An Affirmative Replication of Dalton, Aguinis, Dalton, Bosco, and Pierce (2012).
Wagner JA
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41152698 · Publisher ↗
The file drawer problem and related publication bias have effect when research not published for reasons including statistically nonsignificant results, small effects, or small samples, is overlooked when collecting stud...
The file drawer problem and related publication bias have effect when research not published for reasons including statistically nonsignificant results, small effects, or small samples, is overlooked when collecting studies for quantitative meta-analyses, resulting in meta-analytic estimates that are larger than true effects. In a replication of a study by Dalton, Aguinis, Dalton, Bosco, & Pierce, (2012), I examined the implications of this problem for meta-analytic research in the organization sciences. In the replication, I compared mean effects from 23 recent meta-analyses of organization research that included both published and unpublished data with mean effects provided by the meta-analyses' authors that included published data alone. In failing to produce evidence of a file drawer/publication bias problem after accounting for possible Type 1 error, the comparisons in my study provided additional evidence that was consistent with the conclusion reached by Dalton and colleagues that the file drawer problem and related publication bias are not as prevalent in organizational research as has sometimes been suggested.
Exploring the Impact of Positive Parent-Adolescent Relationships on Social Media Engagement and Body Image Perception Among Saudi Arabian Adolescent: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Ahmed Alwabili A, Abdullah Almeshal R, Khaled Almeathem F … +7 more , Ahmed Alodheilah A, Mohammed Alfurayh K, Ibrahim Aldhuwayhi M, Makki Alsharef S, Saud Almubaddil M, Abdullah Aldughayyim A, Abdullah Alotaibi E
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41135940 · Publisher ↗
Body image influences well-being and encompasses cognitive, emotional, and idealistic aspects. Adolescents often experience body image dissatisfaction (BID) because of societal pressures caused by excessive social media...
Body image influences well-being and encompasses cognitive, emotional, and idealistic aspects. Adolescents often experience body image dissatisfaction (BID) because of societal pressures caused by excessive social media (SM) use. Studies in France and Saudi Arabia link SM to BID, but the protective role of parent-adolescent relationships in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. This study evaluated whether positive relationships counteract the effects of SM on BID among Saudi adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia on 377 adolescents from April 2023 to October 2024. Data were collected via an online questionnaire sent to the guardians for consent and forwarded to the adolescents. The questionnaire covered demographics, BID, SM usage frequency, and parent-adolescent relationship quality. The study participants were predominantly female (79.6%), with a mean age of 16.7 years. In our sample, 23.4% of the participants had psychiatric disorders, mainly anxiety (36.4%) and depression (25.2%). TikTok (60.7%) and Instagram (48.8%) were the most commonly used SM platforms. Body mass index (BMI) and pre-existing psychiatric disorders significantly influenced BID ( < 0.05). SM use was significantly associated with BID; however, a positive mother-adolescent relationship moderated this effect. The father-adolescent relationship had no such effect. This study highlights the impact of SM on BID, with positive maternal bonds mitigating its negative effects. Strengthening familial bonds has emerged as an important intervention for minimizing the extent to which SM causes BID among adolescents.
Self-Handicapping and Psychiatric Symptoms in Students: The Buffering Effect of Authenticity.
Waseem S, Tahir WA, Rassool GH … +1 more , Malik NI
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41135506 · Publisher ↗
This study investigates the impact of self-handicapping on psychiatric symptoms among students, focusing on the moderating role of authenticity. A total of 260 Pakistani students from various schools and colleges partici...
This study investigates the impact of self-handicapping on psychiatric symptoms among students, focusing on the moderating role of authenticity. A total of 260 Pakistani students from various schools and colleges participated in the study through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Self-Handicapping Questionnaire, the Four-Dimensional Symptoms Questionnaire, and the Authenticity Scale. Results indicate that self-handicapping significantly predicts psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and distress. Furthermore, authenticity was found to moderate these relationships, suggesting that higher levels of authenticity can buffer the negative effects of selfhandicapping on mental health. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-defeating behaviours and promoting authenticity as part of mental health interventions in educational settings. These insights are valuable for educators and mental health professionals aiming to improve student well-being.
Correlates of Parenting Style: Findings From the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS).
Furnham A, Cheng H
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41128303 · Publisher ↗
This study explored a longitudinal data-base that assessed a set of psychological and socio-demographic factors associated with parenting styles in a sample of 1,053 parents (55% mothers) with a mean age of 41.2 years (...
This study explored a longitudinal data-base that assessed a set of psychological and socio-demographic factors associated with parenting styles in a sample of 1,053 parents (55% mothers) with a mean age of 41.2 years ( = 6.7) who had children aged 10 years. We were interested in the correlates of three distinct parenting styles: Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting (criterion variables), along with the various predictor variables: gender, age, the Big-Five personality factors, cognitive ability, self-efficacy, mental health problems, educational qualifications and occupational levels. Regression analyses revealed that traits Agreeableness and Openness, self-efficacy, and gender (being mothers) were significant ( < .01 to < .001) and positive, independent predictors of Authoritative Parenting, accounting for 17% of the variance. Trait Agreeableness, age (negatively), and mental health problems (positively) were significant ( < .05 to < .001) and independent predictors of Authoritarian Parenting, accounting for 13% of the variance. Trait Conscientiousness, occupational levels, and gender (being mothers) were significant ( < .05) and negative independent predictors of Permissive Parenting, accounting for 10% of the variance. Implications are discussed as well as limitations of the study.
Perceived Health and Somatic Complaints in Somatic Symptom Disorder: The Mediating Role of Health Anxiety and Psychological Attribution.
Duruk B
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41125133 · Publisher ↗
Impaired Perceived Health (PH) is frequently encountered in Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD). Health Anxiety (HA) and Psychological Attribution (PA) of symptoms are influential factors in the conversion of poor PH into Som...
Impaired Perceived Health (PH) is frequently encountered in Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD). Health Anxiety (HA) and Psychological Attribution (PA) of symptoms are influential factors in the conversion of poor PH into Somatic Complaints (SC). This study explores the mediating roles of HA and PA in the relationship between PH and SC in SSD while controlling for family history of chronic disease and various demographic factors such as gender, age, education level, income level, and marital status. To better reflect the current DSM-5 SSD diagnosis, participants were recruited from seven different clinics across five health institutions in three major provinces of Turkey (Istanbul, Ankara, and Mersin), rather than only from psychiatric clinics. The cross-sectional study included a total of 314 SSD outpatients: 212 women (67.5%) and 102 men (32.5%), with ages ranging from 18 to 84 years ( = 39; = 14). The Whiteley Index and Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire, along with a semi-structured form questioning PH, SC, and demographics, were administered to all participants under the supervision of clinicians. Additionally, the Clinician Assessment Form was used as evidence of whether the patients had SSD or not. To check the indirect effect of PH on SC through HA and PA, mediation model 4 (parallel mediation) of the SPSS PROCESS macro was used. There was a significant total indirect effect of PH through HA and PA, = -.12% CI [-.09,-.18], from which an indirect effect of PH on SC through HA was = -.08, CI [-.05,-.12], and through PA it equaled = -.04, CI [-.02,-.07]. The indirect to total effect ratio was .49.
The Development of Emotional Intelligence Scale for Algerian Higher Education EFL Students: Validating the Modified Version of Schutte et al.'s (1998) Model.
Saraa N, Mohammed Alhaqbani H, Hasan Al-Qadri A … +1 more , Al-Khadher MA
Psychol Rep · 2026 Jun · PMID 41124655 · Publisher ↗
Emotional intelligence (EI) has received increasing interest in recent years. The field of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a promising context for enhancing EI skills. Despite the potential benefits of EI measurem...
Emotional intelligence (EI) has received increasing interest in recent years. The field of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a promising context for enhancing EI skills. Despite the potential benefits of EI measurement tools, relatively little research is conducted in EFL education. This study thus aims to validate an Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) specifically for Algerian EFL learners using Schutte et al.'s (1998) theoretical framework. In doing so, a panel of experts have assessed the surface validity of the EIS and provided constructive feedback to refine the content of the scale. A pilot testing was conducted to further validate these improvements. 503 Algerian EFL students aged 18 to 23 years participated in this research. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), six distinct factors namely: and were identified. These factors were subsequently confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using goodness of- fit-indices. The final scale consisted of 27- item indicating a good model fit and confirming its suitability as a research instrument for the target group. The study confirm that the EI construct exhibits strong construct validity, as evidenced by the factor analytic procedures and the convergent and discriminant validity measures. Additionally, the measurement invariance across distinct samples confirms the portability of the EI construct, underscoring its applicability in psychoeducational assessments across different counties. Limitations of the study and future implications were also discussed accordingly.
Development and Validation of the 21st Century Collaboration Skills Scale for High School Students.
Faize FA, Akhtar M, Dahar MA … +1 more , Aqeel M
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41120090 · Publisher ↗
The Collaboration scales developed in previous research have been designed predominantly for university students, teachers, or organizational contexts. This study developed and validated a Collaboration Skills Scale for...
The Collaboration scales developed in previous research have been designed predominantly for university students, teachers, or organizational contexts. This study developed and validated a Collaboration Skills Scale for high school students within the Twenty-First Century Skills (TCS) framework. An initial item pool of 230 items from eight collaboration scales was refined to 53 items after content validity assessment and a pilot test with 45 students. An exploratory factor analysis conducted with 655 students from 16 schools in Punjab, Pakistan, refined the scale to 17 items distributed across five factors: communication, team support, learning orientation, participation, and conflict resolution. A confirmatory factor analysis with 1,155 students from 28 schools subsequently validated the factor structure which demonstrated an acceptable model-data fit. The scale demonstrates strong reliability and validity for assessing high school students' collaboration skills. It offers educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers a robust tool to monitor collaboration competencies and align educational practices with the TCS framework.
Ingredients of a Narrative: How an Abstract Feature Space and Event Position Contribute to a Situation Model.
Terporten R, Willems RM, Flecken M … +1 more , Collin SHP
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41109339 · Publisher ↗
Situation models, mental representation of events that are unfolding in the environment, are known to help structure our experiences in our memory, but what exactly are the ingredients of a situation model and to what de...
Situation models, mental representation of events that are unfolding in the environment, are known to help structure our experiences in our memory, but what exactly are the ingredients of a situation model and to what degree do abstract event features contribute to the updating cycle of a situation model? Here, we used an event card experiment in which we systematically manipulated abstract event feature dimensions (e.g., narrative X has a location change from event 1 to 2) and narrative specific factors (e.g., John walked from the kitchen into the living room after having a coffee). During this experiment, participants actively constructed a narrative from a random order of event descriptions, presented as event cards. After narrative construction, memory of the narrative specific events was tested in an oddball paradigm. We investigated the influence of the abstract factors "degree of feature change" and "position within the story" on response speeding during the oddball task. We discovered that participants were faster for oddballs with a different degree of feature change, which interacted with whether the oddball was from within the same story or from another story. When zooming in on oddballs from other stories only, we found an interaction between position within the event structure and degree of feature change. Our results suggest that people make use of an abstraction for keeping track of an event feature space and narrative specific representations. These abstractions of event features are important for the instantiation of a situation model.
Women's Perceptions, Interpretations, and Reasons to Leave (or Not) Intimate Partner Violence Relationships.
Badenes-Sastre M, Medinilla-Tena P, Expósito F
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41108788 · Publisher ↗
Deciding to leave a relationship is a complex process, especially when women are involved in intimate partner violence (IPV), requiring consideration of multiple variables. We aimed to examine some predictors-perceived s...
Deciding to leave a relationship is a complex process, especially when women are involved in intimate partner violence (IPV), requiring consideration of multiple variables. We aimed to examine some predictors-perceived severity, risk assessed, responsibility attributed to the aggressor, and dependency-that may be associated with leaving a violent relationship, considering different types of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual violence as well as controlling behaviors). Additionally, we explored women's reasons for leaving violent relationships to better understand the decision-making processes involved in the face of diverse forms of violence. A nonexperimental associative study was conducted with a sample of 324 women ( = 31.44, = 11.14) who completed an online survey. The results indicated that higher risk assessment predicted leaving relationships characterized by psychological violence, sexual violence, or controlling behaviors. Dependency was associated with a lower likelihood of leaving relationships involving sexual violence whereas greater perceived severity predicted a higher likelihood of leaving relationships involving controlling behaviors. Notably, no predictor was identified for leaving relationships involving physical violence. Furthermore, physical violence was perceived as more severe and life-threatening, and it led to greater attribution of responsibility to the aggressor than sexual or psychological violence or controlling behaviors. This study highlights that perceptions and evaluations of IPV vary depending on the manifestation of violence. These findings are crucial for recognizing the full impact of IPVAW and fostering intolerance of it in all circumstances.
Examining College Students with ADHD Who Do and Do Not Register for Accommodations.
Barnard-Brak L
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41108783 · Publisher ↗
The number of college students with ADHD is growing but challenges remain in the full inclusion of these students with ADHD in higher education settings in the United States. The results of the current study indicate tha...
The number of college students with ADHD is growing but challenges remain in the full inclusion of these students with ADHD in higher education settings in the United States. The results of the current study indicate that only 1 in 3 college students with ADHD registered for accommodations utilizing data from the Healthy Minds Study across the United States. There were some differences in who registered for accommodations among college students with ADHD such as that students who reported being male being less likely to register and students receiving medication being more likely to register. When statistically controlling for comorbid disorders, severity of ADHD, and whether they received stimulant medications, college students with ADHD who registered for accommodations reported a lower number of illicit substances used than college students with ADHD who did not register for accommodations.
Short Version of the Social Networks Addiction Risk Questionnaire (CARS-R): Evidence From Network Psychometrics.
Vilca LW, Travezaño-Cabrera A, Caycho-Rodríguez T … +3 more , Aranda-Turpo J, Dávila-Valencia C, Lupaca-Huarac E
Psychol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41108201 · Publisher ↗
Recent scientific literature shows evidence that social media addiction negatively impacts people's mental health. In this sense, network models offer a methodological framework that naturally allows the study of mental...
Recent scientific literature shows evidence that social media addiction negatively impacts people's mental health. In this sense, network models offer a methodological framework that naturally allows the study of mental health disorders' complexity. Therefore, the study aims to study the psychometric properties of CARS-R from the perspective of psychometric networks. A sample of 1,719 adults of both sexes (38.3% men and 61.7% women) between the ages of 18 and 59 years (M = 21.9; SD = 6.13) was collected. The EGA analysis showed that the items form a single community composed of nine nodes with large network loading values (>.35). The UVA analysis showed that all items are relevant to the network. Evidence was also found on the reliability of the scale, where the items are stable and systematically organized into a single community 100% of the time. Furthermore, bootEGA analysis showed that CARS-R is invariant across sex, age, and hours of use. The nodes were also found to have positive relationships, and the centrality index identified nodes C2, C9, and C7 as the most influential in terms of strength. A new definition of the construct is proposed based on the results found. It is concluded that the results of this study show solid evidence of the functioning of CARS-R and allow us to propose a new definition of social media addiction.
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