Indian Journal Of Pediatrics[JOURNAL]

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common kidney diseases in children characterised by heavy proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. Most cases in children over one year are idiopathic with higher incidence in A... Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common kidney diseases in children characterised by heavy proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. Most cases in children over one year are idiopathic with higher incidence in Asian and Black populations. The hallmark of idiopathic NS is podocyte injury. However, the pathogenesis is not completely understood and is possibly due to a complex interplay of immune dysfunction, circulating factors, podocyte factors and genetics. NS often follows a relapsing-remitting course with a subset continuing to experience relapse in adulthood. Corticosteroids are the primary treatment, and further management is guided by steroid responsiveness and relapse pattern. Children with frequently relapsing course need steroid sparing immunosuppressive medications to sustain remission and prevent steroid related toxicity. Management of steroid resistant NS remains a clinical challenge with limited therapeutic options. Those with frequently relapsing or steroid resistant NS are at risk of complications such as severe edema, infections, acute kidney injury and thromboembolism as well as medication related adverse effects. These patients require monitoring and long term follow up and should be co-managed with subspecialist. Patient and family education including training in home monitoring of proteinuria and maintaining medication records forms an integral part of management strategy. While overall long-term kidney outcome is good for steroid sensitive NS, children with steroid resistant NS who are also multidrug resistant are at high risk of disease related morbidity and progression to end stage kidney disease.

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Diagnosis of a Crashing Neonate: A Near-Miss.

G NK, Thakur A, Kler N … +1 more , Garg P

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 Jun · PMID 41888474 · Publisher ↗

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Unraveling the Genetic Fabric of Febrile Seizures.

Lal P, Kaur A, Sahu JK

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41888473 · Publisher ↗

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Safety and Efficacy of Prone Positioning for Preterm Neonates on Noninvasive Ventilation.

Angadi C, Bethou A

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41888472 · Publisher ↗

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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease as a Cause for Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a Non-obese Boy Without Papilledema: Authors' Reply-2.

Kumar JS, Hamza A, Sureshbabu S … +3 more , Vp T, Nc K, Pillai DP

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41886185 · Publisher ↗

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Kidney Support Therapy: Recent Advances.

Yadav M

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41886184 · Publisher ↗

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children remains a significant challenge, independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Historically, kidney support therapy (KST) for this vulnerable population was fraugh... Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children remains a significant challenge, independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Historically, kidney support therapy (KST) for this vulnerable population was fraught with difficulties due to small patient size, required extracorporeal volumes, and the risk of hemodynamic instability. However, the last few decades have seen dramatic advances in technology and therapeutic strategies, transforming the landscape of pediatric KST. The introduction of neonatal-specific continuous KST machines, such as the CARPEDIEM, NIDUS, and the Aquadex system, marks a revolutionary step. These devices are designed with minimal extracorporeal volumes, enabling precise fluid balance control and highly efficient solute clearance. Hybrid therapies are increasingly being used to leverage advantages of intermittent and continuous modalities. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains an accessible and safe first-line treatment, particularly for hemodynamically unstable neonates or in resource-limited settings. Use of closed system, automated cyclers, and continuous flow PD have enhanced safety of PD in AKI. Advances in precision KST using artificial intelligence, regenerative therapies, and multidisciplinary collaborations constitute an emerging space to watch in coming years. Future research needs to prioritize trials to further refine and standardize KST for children with AKI, ultimately improving lifelong outcomes.

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Comparison of Lidocaine Spray, Buzzy Device with Conventional Technique to Reduce Pain of IV Cannulation in Pediatric Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Singh NC, Goyal S, Sharma A … +3 more , Kothari N, Kaloria N, Bhatia P

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41886183 · Publisher ↗

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Hepatic-Onset Erythropoietic Protoporphyria with Delayed Cutaneous Manifestations in an Adolescent.

A A, Das S, Chakraborty A … +5 more , Kalra M, Sood V, Yadav A, Bihari C, Alam S

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41886182 · Publisher ↗

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Clinicoepidemiological Characteristics of Recurrent Intussusception Among Children Younger than 2 Years Hospitalized in Four States in Southern and Western India: Authors' Reply-2.

Chaudhary VS, Mohan VR

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41876832 · Publisher ↗

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Encephalopathy Due to Lead Poisoning in Two Brothers 4 Years Apart.

Chaudhary D, Sharma R, Saini Y … +3 more , Bairwa R, Sattavan S, Singh S

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41872406 · Publisher ↗

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Randomised Controlled Trial on Sodium Valproate and Levetiracetam in Children with New-Onset Epilepsy: Authors' Reply-2.

Prabhakaran K, Rameshkumar R, Biswal N

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41872405 · Publisher ↗

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Morel Lavallée Lesion Following Excessive Physiotherapy for Ankle Arthritis in a Child with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Correspondence.

T K A, Khanday ZM, Sheenam N … +1 more , Pappachan G

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 Jun · PMID 41866655 · Publisher ↗

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Pulmonary Dysfunction in Children with Dystrophinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study - Authors' Reply-2.

Meena AK, Kamila G, Gulati S

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 Jun · PMID 41866654 · Publisher ↗

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Experience of Prenatal Diagnosis for β-Thalassemia and Major Hemoglobinopathies in the Last Decade from Seven Tertiary-Care Referral Centers in India.

Das R, Nadkarni A, Kohli S … +36 more , Sharma P, Singh A, Saxena D, Aggarwal S, Edison ES, Sawant P, Saxena R, Arora S, Hira JK, Ramachandran A, Thomas E, Gupta N, Beck MM, Thakar P, Bagga R, Sharma A, Dubey S, Goriwale M, Chowdhury MR, Joshi S, Chiddarwar A, Saha SC, Dhadwal V, Sharma M, Dalal A, Rani S, Chhabra S, Shaji RV, Mandal K, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Kedar PS, Deka D, Phadke S, Colah R, Kabra M, Puri RD

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41866653 · Publisher ↗

OBJECTIVES: Prenatal diagnosis (PND) is an effective measure to prevent births with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) and other severe hemoglobinopathies. However, multicentric consolidated data from high-volume... OBJECTIVES: Prenatal diagnosis (PND) is an effective measure to prevent births with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) and other severe hemoglobinopathies. However, multicentric consolidated data from high-volume Indian referral laboratories is limited. METHODS: The authors collated a multi-center experience of invasive PND for β-thalassemia and the major hemoglobinopathies, including center-wise volumes, affected-fetus rates, trends in primigravida referrals, and diagnostic challenges from seven Indian tertiary-care referral centers with a minimum of 10 y PND services. Retrospective data were contributed by SGRH-New Delhi, ICMR-NIIH-Mumbai, PGIMER-Chandigarh, AIIMS-New Delhi, NIMS-CDFD-Hyderabad, CMC-Vellore and SGPGI-Lucknow. Carrier evaluation was based on blood counts and Hb-HPLC. Fetal diagnosis utilized chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis with molecular testing by ARMS-PCR, reverse dot-blot and/or Sanger sequencing as per local practices. Descriptive analyses summarized volumes, proportions of fetuses with biallelic HBB variants, and primigravida referral trends. RESULTS: Across centers, 6,780 PND procedures were performed over 2015–2024, with ICMR-NIIH and SGRH contributing 58.2% of total testing. The proportion of fetuses diagnosed with biallelic HBB variants ranged from 20.3% to 27.3%, approximating the expected one-quarter risk for autosomal recessive Mendelian inheritance in at-risk couples. Among centers reporting data, primigravida referrals increased over the decade (SGRH 14.3% to 21.6%, NIIH 8% to 23%, AIIMS 7.1% to 29.8%, PGIMER 9.6% to 23.4%), while the early 2020s showed a transient decline in PND volumes, consistent with COVID-19 era disruptions. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-center experience demonstrates sustained and expanding PND capacity in India, with affected-fetus detection rates close to Mendelian expectations and rising primigravida referrals suggesting improving impact of antenatal screening pathways.

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Neonatal Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome with Bilious Vomiting: Utility of TARC for Diagnosis.

Kajitani S, Fujita Y, Ando Y … +2 more , Shiraishi H, Yoshihara S

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 Jun · PMID 41863756 · Publisher ↗

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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease as a Cause for Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a Non-obese Boy Without Papilledema: Correspondence-2.

Elwadhi A, Paharia K

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41863755 · Publisher ↗

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Clinicoepidemiological Characteristics of Recurrent Intussusception Among Children Younger than 2 Years Hospitalized in Four States in Southern and Western India: Correspondence-2.

Zhang W, Ni Y

Indian J Pediatr · 2026 May · PMID 41863754 · Publisher ↗

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Indian Journal Of Pediatrics[JOURNAL]

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