Morphologie[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
External validation of a country-specific model for radiographic dental age assessment of Brazilian children and adolescents.
de Oliveira AF, Zanovello BP, Moreira DD … +1 more , Franco A
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41352252 · Publisher ↗
Dental age assessment may have important clinical and forensic applications. Testing the existing methods is fundamental to promoting best clinical and forensic practices. The present study aimed to test a Brazilian coun...
Dental age assessment may have important clinical and forensic applications. Testing the existing methods is fundamental to promoting best clinical and forensic practices. The present study aimed to test a Brazilian country-specific model for dental age assessment in a population of Bahia State, Brazil. A total of 1009 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian individuals (n=556, 55.1% females and 453, 44.9% males) aged between 6 and 15.99 years were collected. The seven permanent left mandibular teeth from central incisor to second molar were analyzed in each radiograph. Demirjian's dental staging technique was applied followed by age estimation through Franco's dental age assessment model. Differences between chronological and estimated ages were quantified as mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root means squared error (RMSE). The overall (sex combined) ME, MAE, RMSE were -0.51, 1.11, 1.63, respectively. For females and males separately, the error metrics were: -0.55, 1.16, 1.65 and -0.45, 1.05, 1.59, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed narrower age limits among males, while higher discrepancies were observed for females. The analysis based on age categories showed the worst predictions between the ages of 6 and 6.99 years. The tested country-specific model was applicable to individuals aged above 7 years in the target population, being an alternative for dental age assessment.
A systematic review and surgical anatomy of the greater omentum.
Joseph TS, Hogan E, Cesmebasi A … +5 more , Carrasco M, Ang C, Davis N, Montalbano M, Loukas M
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41289749 · Publisher ↗
The greater omentum, a peritoneal fold derived from the dorsal mesentery, is critical in immune surveillance, inflammation regulation, and tissue repair. Its extensive vascular and lymphatic networks and immune-rich milk...
The greater omentum, a peritoneal fold derived from the dorsal mesentery, is critical in immune surveillance, inflammation regulation, and tissue repair. Its extensive vascular and lymphatic networks and immune-rich milky spots contribute to pathogen clearance, wound healing, and metabolic regulation. Despite its well-documented physiological roles, a comprehensive evaluation of its vascular and lymphatic architecture, embryological development, and clinical applications remains necessary to refine its use in pathology and surgical interventions. This review analyzes the greater omentum's structural organization, developmental origins, pathological involvement, and evolving role in surgical and therapeutic applications. A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 69 studies from an initial pool of 2526 records. The review discusses the omentum's roles in immune defense and its involvement in pathological conditions such as torsion, cysts, and neoplasms. Its surgical applications, including omental transposition, anastomotic reinforcement, oncologic resections, and abdominal wall reconstruction, are explored in detail. Furthermore, the review examines its angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties, highlighting their contributions to reparative functions and potential clinical applications. The omentum's role in disease progression, particularly in malignancies, is also evaluated, emphasizing its dual function as both a protective barrier and a site for metastatic spread. By integrating anatomical insights with clinical relevance, this review strengthens the understanding of the omentum's diverse contributions to abdominal health and disease. Findings highlight its practical significance in surgical innovation and therapeutic interventions, offering new perspectives for future research into its regenerative potential, oncologic implications, and broader medical applications.
Selection of human embryo for IVF treatment using ensemble machine learning technique.
Chaudhari A, Mahajan A, Nainan S … +2 more , Shah D, Noronha C
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41260181 · Publisher ↗
The success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment for infertility majorly depends upon the selection of a healthy embryo by the embryologist which is highly subjective and depends on the expertise of the embryologist...
The success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment for infertility majorly depends upon the selection of a healthy embryo by the embryologist which is highly subjective and depends on the expertise of the embryologist. This work introduces a comprehensive framework starting with the collection and pre- processing of the day 3 embryo and blastocyst images. It is followed by extraction of multifaceted information that includes color, edge, and other relevant features using local Descriptor, capturing the complex details necessary for precise embryo evaluation. Feature selection is done using the Extra Trees classifier and is followed by a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) for deeper feature extraction. The interpretability and predictive power of the extracted features is enhanced by 1D-CNN. Using a novel approach, the last layer of the 1D-CNN is replaced with an ensemble of classifiers to determine the quality of embryos. This ensemble technique leverages the unique strengths of each classifier used, providing a robust and comprehensive decision framework. The proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches with an accuracy of 93% and 98% with blastocyst and day 3 embryo dataset, respectively. The research is undertaken in collaboration with Gynaecworld, the Center for Women's Health & Fertility, Mumbai.
Radiographic dental age estimation of Brazilian children and adolescents using a national reference sample.
Rodrigues E, Moreira D, Silva R … +1 more , Franco A
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41223800 · Publisher ↗
Several radiographic methods have been proposed for dental age estimation, among which the Willems model and its Brazilian adaptation by Franco et al. (2024) have shown promising results. However, the Brazilian model has...
Several radiographic methods have been proposed for dental age estimation, among which the Willems model and its Brazilian adaptation by Franco et al. (2024) have shown promising results. However, the Brazilian model has not yet been tested in Northeastern populations. This study aimed to validate Franco's model in a sample of children and adolescents from Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed on 500 panoramic radiographs (250males, 250females) aged 6-15.99years, distributed evenly across one-year intervals. Chronological age was calculated from documentary records and compared with dental age estimated using Demirjian's staging system and Franco's Brazilian model. Mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were calculated and complemented by Bland - Altman analysis. The mean chronological age was 11.0±2.9years, while the mean estimated age was 10.8±2.5years. The overall ME was 0.18years (0.06males, 0.29females). The MAE was 0.70years (0.67males, 0.73females), with the best performance between 7 and 10.99years (<0.5years). RMSE values increased in older groups, reaching>1.0year after age 13.99. Bland-Altman plots showed a transition from overestimation in younger ages to underestimation in older ages, earlier in females. The Brazilian model was adequate for the studied population, particularly for individuals aged 7-10.99years, with overall differences below one year.
Estimation of stature from hand length and hand breadth in undergraduate medical students: An anthropometric study.
Pandey N, Phuyal N, Shrestha A … +3 more , Pandeya A, Mishra AK, Bhushal K
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41205314 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Stature, a determinant that aids in personal identification, can be estimated using measurements of various body parts. Forensic scientists often find dismembered body parts in trenches, rubbish and elsewhere...
BACKGROUND: Stature, a determinant that aids in personal identification, can be estimated using measurements of various body parts. Forensic scientists often find dismembered body parts in trenches, rubbish and elsewhere that are brought for examination, leading to challenges in identification. This study measured the length and breadth of both right and left hands and the stature of the participants, aiming to develop more accurate linear regression equations for stature estimation. Regression equations may be affected by differences in measurements of right and left sides and study done in Nepalese population previously, lack to address this issue. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 195 medical students aged 18 to 24 were enrolled, and measurement of stature was done by stadiometer and hand length and breadth by vernier calliper, after an informed written consent was obtained. RESULTS: Mean stature was higher in males (170.2±5.8cm) as compared to females (159±7.2cm). Mean length and breadth of both right and left hands were also found to be higher in males when compared with females. The model summary of the multiple linear regression analysis deduced that R is 0.805, which indicates that there is a strong positive correlation between stature and hand dimensions with a Standard Error of Estimates of 5.083cm. Hand length and hand breadth together, may be powerful predictor of stature, as indicated by the greater R value and higher explained variance. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of stature can be done using regression equation derived from hand length and hand breadth. Stature is a changing entity and is influenced by genetics and nutritional status. Future studies can be done taking these factors into consideration and also including a larger population size.
CT-based morphological and morphometric assessment of the mandibular incisive canal and genial tubercles for sexual dimorphism.
Fragoso Vieira de Alencar A, Almeida Ferreira Barbosa D, Mitsuo Kurita L … +7 more , Nobre Chaves F, Sampaio Neves F, Mesquita Tuji F, Carneiro Ribeiro E, Ferreira Leite A, Goberlânio de Barros Silva P, Wildson Gurgel Costa F
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41138502 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to perform a morphological and morphometric assessment of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and genial tubercles (GT) using computed tomography, in order to develop sex estimation formulas based on lin...
This study aimed to perform a morphological and morphometric assessment of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and genial tubercles (GT) using computed tomography, in order to develop sex estimation formulas based on linear measurements in a Brazilian adult sample. An observational study was carried out using 300 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from a pre-existing image database, comprising individuals aged between 21 and 50years, equally distributed between the sexes. The formulas for sex estimation presented, respectively, sensitivity and specificity of up to 71.3% and 80% % for MIC, and 67.3% and 72% for GT. The MIC presented a formula for estimating sex with a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) (0.829±0.024) than the GT (0.760±0.027). Discriminant analysis was statistically significant (P<0.001) and found a higher canonical correlation value for MIC (0.638) compared to GT (0.580). The developed formulas for estimating sex based on linear tomographic measurements of anterior mandible landmarks (MIC and GT) show reasonable sensitivity and specificity. The MIC formula demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance compared to the GT formula.
Origin of the human-specific flexor Carpi Radialis Brevis muscle: A rare embryological case study.
Durand S
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41129989 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Tridimensional analysis of the normal upper airways in non-dentofacial deformity patients.
Costa SM, Ribeiro BC, Bertelli Trivellato PF … +2 more , Sverzut CE, Trivellato AE
Morphologie · 2026 Mar · PMID 41124919 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To establish normative three-dimensional airway measurements in patients without dentofacial deformities (DDFs) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to identify anatomical and epidemiological factors associa...
OBJECTIVES: To establish normative three-dimensional airway measurements in patients without dentofacial deformities (DDFs) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to identify anatomical and epidemiological factors associated with airway volume. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 200 CT scans from patients aged 18-80 years, with no diagnosis of DDF, OSA, or craniofacial syndromes. Scans were processed using artificial intelligence software (NEMOFAB) for automatic segmentation and volumetric analysis. Variables assessed included age, sex, neck circumference, and craniofacial linear distances (Menton-Hyoid, Menton-3rd Vertebrae, PNS-Hyoid, Soft Palate-Hyoid). Airway volume and Minimum Axial Area (MAA) were measured and compared using ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean airway volume was 24,724.8mm. Younger individuals exhibited greater airway volumes, especially among males. Patients with a neck circumference <40cm had a 28.04% reduction in airway volume. Longer PNS-Hyoid, SPH, and M3V distances were positively associated with increased airway volume, while Menton-Hyoid showed minimal impact. A low MAA (<110mm) correlated with a significant volume decrease. Key predictors identified were age, neck circumference, PNS-Hyoid, SPH, and M3V distances. CONCLUSIONS: In patients without DDF or OSA, airway volume is significantly influenced by demographic and anatomical variables. These normative data provide a baseline for comparison in orthognathic surgical planning and respiratory risk assessment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding normal airway morphology and its anatomical determinants enhances screening for patients at risk of airway compromise and may guide individualized treatment strategies in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
CT evaluation of the internal acoustic canal and safe drilling triangle morphometry in relation to temporal pneumatization and age for gender determination and hearing preservation in surgery.
Admış H, Açar G, Emine Çiçekcibaşı A … +1 more , Aydoğdu D
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 41092859 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: We evaluated internal acoustic canal (IAC) and safe drilling triangle (SDT) morphometry to ascertain sexual dimorphism of the petrous portion (PP), using discriminant function analysis (DFA). We also aimed to...
BACKGROUND: We evaluated internal acoustic canal (IAC) and safe drilling triangle (SDT) morphometry to ascertain sexual dimorphism of the petrous portion (PP), using discriminant function analysis (DFA). We also aimed to elucidate the influence of temporal pneumatization (TP), biological sex, age, and laterality on these parameters. METHODS: We measured the dimensions of the IAC, the vertical (IAO) and horizontal (IAO) diameters of the internal acoustic opening (IAO), lateral angle (LA), medial bending angle (MBA), IAC angle, dimensions and volume of the SDT, and SD angle in 208 CT images. TP was classified into 3 types: conchal, middle, and full. Laterality, sex, and age group differences were determined using paired and independent t tests, and one-way Anova test, respectively. RESULTS: All linear parameters were higher on left side, while angular parameters except IAC angle were larger on right side. Right IAO and LA also achieved the highest overall accuracy rates of 72.1%-69.7% in univariate DFA. Right IAO and LA also had the highest AUC (0.765 and 0.764). In multivariate DFA, the combination of IAOvd, LA, and MBA enables sex estimation with an accuracy of 75%. As the PP became more pneumatized, all parameters increased significantly, while they declined with advancing age. CONCLUSION: The IAO, LA, and MBA can be applied in practice when alternative dimorphic indicators are unavailable for biological sex estimation in a contemporary Turkish population. The fact of verifying TP, sex, and age differences in SDT dimensions indicates the need for greater attention to preoperative CT assessment during surgical procedures.
Comparative neuroprotective efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and naringin in lead-induced neurotoxicity: Restoration of BDNF, neurotransmitters, and cognitive function.
Sreevaram HH, Kishore A, Sivanesan S … +5 more , Prabhakaran M, Karunakaran B, Kasirajan SP, Jyothi AK, Maria Francis Y
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 41045636 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Exposure to lead acetate is reported to induce neurotoxicity associated with cognitive dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage in the hippocampus. F...
BACKGROUND: Exposure to lead acetate is reported to induce neurotoxicity associated with cognitive dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Flavonoids and other natural compounds possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective properties can be of therapeutic interest. In the current study, naringin's protective property as a flavonoid was compared with that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against lead-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Adult rats were randomly distributed into control, lead acetate-treated, lead+NAC-treated, lead+low-dose naringin, and lead+high-dose naringin groups, each group containing 6 animals. The Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test was used for the evaluation of cognitive function. Biochemical analysis of hippocampal glutamate, acetylcholine, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, GFAP), and serum lead levels was done. Histopathological analysis of hippocampal sections by crystal violet staining was done. RESULTS: Exposure to lead acetate-induced severe neurotoxicity in the guise of compromised recognition memory, reduced glutamate and acetylcholine content, reduced BDNF and Nrf2 expression, increased IL-6 and GFAP content, and severe hippocampal neuronal damage. NAC treatment effectively reversed cognitive function, neurotransmitter content, neurotrophic factors, and diminished neuroinflammation. Dose-dependent neuroprotection was afforded by naringin, where the high-dose group had better recovery in all the parameters than the low-dose group. Interestingly, high-dose naringin was similar to or even larger than that of NAC's neuroprotection, normalization of hippocampal histoarchitecture, enhancement of antioxidant defense, and decrease in pro-inflammatory markers and serum lead levels. CONCLUSION: Lead acetate causes profound neurotoxicity on cognition, neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Naringin, especially at high doses, exhibits highly potent neuroprotective effects, such as NAC, preventing lead-induced cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal pathology by displaying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic effects. The results propose naringin as a potential natural drug candidate for preventing and/or treating lead-induced neurotoxicity.
Temporomandibular joint disorder: Etiologies and treatments (part 2).
Nieves Del Rio S, Iwanaga J, Shane Tubbs R … +1 more , Loukas M
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40957179 · Publisher ↗
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) are complex conditions affecting the joint and associated musculoskeletal structures, causing pain and functional impairment. This review explores the anatomical basis, etio...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) are complex conditions affecting the joint and associated musculoskeletal structures, causing pain and functional impairment. This review explores the anatomical basis, etiological factors, and therapeutic strategies for TMD, emphasizing the interplay between TMJ anatomy, pathophysiology, and treatment outcomes. Myogenous and arthrogenous TMDs present distinct anatomical challenges, requiring targeted interventions. Key findings highlight the efficacy of conservative therapies, including behavioral interventions, physical therapies, and occlusal splints, as first-line treatments, followed by low-level laser therapy (LLLT), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and dry needling for myofascial pain. Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) (De la Torre Canales G et al., 2024 [1]) is effective for persistent myogenous TMD but reserved for cases unresponsive to first-line treatments. Emerging therapies, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and 3D-printed implants, show promise for refractory cases. This review aims to advance the understanding of TMD from an anatomical perspective, providing evidence-based insights for clinicians and researchers. Part 1 of this series, "Temporomandibular Disorder: The Anatomy of Pain", details TMJ anatomy and pain pathways, forming the foundation for this analysis.
Temporomandibular joint disorder: Anatomy of pain (part 1).
Nieves Del Rio S, Omosebi O, Krishna V … +4 more , Nahabedian D, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS, Loukas M
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40957178 · Publisher ↗
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial articulation connecting the mandible to the temporal bone, facilitating essential functions like chewing and speaking through rotational and translational movements...
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial articulation connecting the mandible to the temporal bone, facilitating essential functions like chewing and speaking through rotational and translational movements. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) cause significant pain and dysfunction, often involving myogenous, arthrogenous, or multifactorial etiologies. This review elucidates TMJ anatomy, embryology, and pain pathways, with a focus on central pain mechanisms underlying TMD. Key anatomical components include the mandibular condyle, articular disc, and masticatory muscles, innervated by the mandibular nerve (V3) and vascularized by the maxillary artery. Pain in TMD involves peripheral and central sensitization, modulated by the spinal trigeminal nucleus, thalamus, and somatosensory cortex. This work aims to guide clinicians in evidence-based TMD diagnosis and management, emphasizing multidisciplinary approaches and future research into molecular pain pathways.
Looped inferior gluteal nerve - a novel variation.
Nayak S, Rao S, Mohandas Rao KG … +3 more , Shetty SD, Marpalli S, Nayak SB
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40886416 · Publisher ↗
Variations of inferior gluteal nerve are very rare. Knowledge of its variations is of importance in plastic surgery and orthopedic surgery procedures of hip. We report a unique variation of inferior gluteal nerve. During...
Variations of inferior gluteal nerve are very rare. Knowledge of its variations is of importance in plastic surgery and orthopedic surgery procedures of hip. We report a unique variation of inferior gluteal nerve. During the dissection of left gluteal region of a male cadaver aged approximately 70 years, we observed inferior gluteal nerve with two roots. The superior root pierced the piriformis muscle, and the inferior root emerged out through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis. The two roots joined to form a loop superficial to the piriformis muscle. The loop gave four branches. Two among these branches supplied the gluteus maximus muscle, third one joined the tibial nerve and the fourth one divided into two branches which communicated with the common fibular nerve and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh. In a case like this, the entrapment of the superior root in piriformis may lead to weakness of gluteus maximus muscle.
Effect of experimentally induced sepsis on the kidney and renal artery of adult male albino rats and the role of Boswellia serrata extract.
Al-Gholam MA, Issa NM, Alafify ASA
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40876081 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sepsis can be cured with effective antibiotics against susceptible organisms if treatment is provided early and promptly. As a result of antibiotic resistance and chemotherapeutic agents' side effects, the us...
BACKGROUND: Sepsis can be cured with effective antibiotics against susceptible organisms if treatment is provided early and promptly. As a result of antibiotic resistance and chemotherapeutic agents' side effects, the use of these medications is restricted. Thus, the search for novel therapeutic targets and studies on the pathogenesis of sepsis has increased. In this study, we aimed to examine the treatment effects of Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) pre- or pre and post-treatment after sepsis induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: adult male albino rats were assigned into 5 groups: control, BSE, septic, septic pre-treated, or septic pre and post-treated by BSE. Sepsis induction was performed by modified cecal slurry and 500mg/kg/oral of BSE was administered. RESULTS: It was found that the elevated serum urea and creatinine in the septic group were ameliorated by pre- or pre and post-treatment with BSE. Parallel histopathological examinations revealed that BSE ameliorated the pathological changes of the kidney and renal artery including shrinkage of capillary tufts, widening of Bowman's space, focal tubular dilatation and appearance of casts inside the tubules, desquamation of endothelium, thickening of tunica media decreasing the diameter of the lumen of the renal artery compared to the septic group. Periodic acid Schiff staining increased while collagen fibers decreased in BSE-treated groups (P<0.001). Additionally, Cluster of Differentiation 15 (CD15) and the paired box (PAX) expression were downregulated (P<0.001) and E-cadherin expression was improved in the BSE-treated groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that BSE minimizes the lesions of sepsis-induced kidney injury and could be useful in improving the pathological alterations of parenchymal organs associated with sepsis.
Comparative evaluation of The Eustachian tube in Iraqi individuals with cleft lip and palate and those without: A CBCT analysis.
Hassan NA, Mahdi MAH, Abbas MJ
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40845490 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To contrast Iraqi patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with healthy controls and pinpoint any variations in the structural characteristics of the Eustachian tube (ET). METHODS: The CBCT used to s...
PURPOSE: To contrast Iraqi patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with healthy controls and pinpoint any variations in the structural characteristics of the Eustachian tube (ET). METHODS: The CBCT used to scan a total of 100 participants, ranging in age from 13 to 40. Of those, 19 men and 31 women had ULCP, while 23 men and 27 women did not. The axial view was used to assess the auditory tube angle (ATA), ET diameter (ETD), and ET length (ETL). A P-value less than 0.05 was selected as the significant measure in the statistical analysis using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: The study highlighted that patients with ULCP had considerably lower ETL (26.04mm), a narrower ETD (2.38mm), and a bigger ATA (144.47°) compared to the control group (29.46mm, 2.79mm, and 133.09°, respectively). In addition, the ET variables showed a strong and statistically significant association between the study groups (r=0.897 [ETL], 0.976 [ETD], and 0.964 [ATA], P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with UCLP and controls showed substantial differences in the ET's dimensions and ATA. The study appreciated the use of CBCT to examine the ET's structural properties.
Prenatal superficial musculoaponeurotic system anlage.
Sandulescu T, Koeser JF, Naumova EA … +1 more , Arnold WH
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40840001 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an acronym describing a facial subcutaneous anchored three-dimensional (3D) fibro-adipose-muscular tissue network connected to mimic muscles. SMAS transfe...
INTRODUCTION: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an acronym describing a facial subcutaneous anchored three-dimensional (3D) fibro-adipose-muscular tissue network connected to mimic muscles. SMAS transfers, distributes and reinforces mimic facial muscles contractions to the skin determining mimic expression and facial fold formation. The aim of this study was the histomorphological analysis of prenatal SMAS (pre-SMAS) development in analogy to the adult SMAS typology. METHOD: Histological serial sections (n=7300 of 31 embryos and fetuses) of different staining obtained from the historic Carnegie Collection, Washington D.C. and from the Historical Histological Collection, University Witten/Herdecke were analyzed. All specimens head and neck area were investigated microscopically regarding facial mimic muscles genesis, pre-SMAS development and chronological changes. RESULTS: Three pre-SMAS Types were described. Pre-SMAS Type I consisting of mesenchymal SMAS with low vascularity and minimal structural changes covered Regio Frontalis and Regio Occipitalis. Pre-SMAS Type II consisting of mesenchymal SMAS with low vascularity and minimal structural changes covered Regio Periocularis, Regio Preparotidea and Regio Nasalis. Pre-SMAS Type III consisting of SMAS with muscular integration and connective tissue remodeling covered Regio Parotidea, Regio Perioralis, and Regio Cervicalis. There were no morphological similarities between adult SMAS architecture compared to pre-SMAS anlage in Regio Preparotidea, Regio Frontalis, Regio Occipitalis, Regio Periocularis, Regio Cervical and Regio Nasalis. Regio parotidea pre-SMAS showed analogies in connective tissue architecture to adult type I SMAS. Regio Perioralis pre-SMAS showed isolated muscle fibers, which were aligned perpendicular to the skin level. Subcutaneous facial adipose tissue was undetectable up to the 22nd week of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-SMAS anlage metamorphosis seems not to emerge synchronously with mimic muscle development, but its changes and tissue differentiation are closely related to mimic muscle activity. Therefore following ontogenetic hypothesis was proposed: the development of pre-SMAS anlage follows the law "form follows functional activity".
IVM rescue from stimulated cycle: Improvement of oocyte morphology and competency.
Hilali C, Louanjli N, Ennaji M … +9 more , Mohamed KH, Bouanani N, Hissane EM, Rhazi WS, Zarquaoui M, Kaarouch I, Cabry R, Lahlou FA, Benkhalifa M
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40829502 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a technique where immature cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) collected from mid cycle of follicular phase were maturated via Bi-Phasique maturation named CAPA-IVMor germinal...
OBJECTIVE: Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a technique where immature cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) collected from mid cycle of follicular phase were maturated via Bi-Phasique maturation named CAPA-IVMor germinal vesicles (GV) and/or metaphase I oocytes (MI) from stimulated cycle are matured in vitro(IVM Rescue). The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new formulation of culture medium, developed by ourselves, in terms of improving oocyte maturation, competency, embryo development potential and quality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study involved a total of 60 patients who underwent an ICSI cycle. Six hundred and fifty oocytes were collected including 410 oocytes at the metaphase II, 120 oocytes at the metaphase I and 120 oocytes at the germinal vesicle stages. Immature oocytes were divided into two groups: Group M (immature oocytes cultured in commercialIVM medium from Cooper-Origio) and group MS (immature oocytes cultured in the same medium but supplemented with an in-house mixture of cytokines, interleukins and growth factors). Metaphase II oocytes obtained after IVMunderwent an ICSI attempt. Fertilization rates at day 1 and the numbers of 8-blastomere embryos at day 3 were assessed in all cultures after ICSIuntil blastocyst stage. RESULTS: While comparing IVM outcomes, we noted a significant increase in the oocyte maturation rate, fertilization rate and the percentage of 8-cell embryos on day 3 in the MS group compared to the M group. Moreover, the MS group also showed a significant increase in blastulation when compared to the MS group (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: The development of suitable IVM medium contributes to better rescue maturation of immature oocytes obtained in stimulated cycles. Its use may increase the number of good-quality embryos and thus can improve time to pregnancy and the cumulative pregnancy rate.
Can artificial intelligence accurately detect and summarize anatomy education literature? A comparative analysis of ChatGPT and ScholarGPT.
Chytas D, Kanakaris S, Piagkou M … +3 more , Chryssanthou I, Vasiliadis AV, Natsis K
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40803127 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence platforms have been suggested as tools that can facilitate anatomy teachers' work and students' learning process. We aimed to investigate the ability of ChatGPT to detect and summarize st...
PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence platforms have been suggested as tools that can facilitate anatomy teachers' work and students' learning process. We aimed to investigate the ability of ChatGPT to detect and summarize studies of the anatomy education literature compared to ScholarGPT, a version of ChatGPT specified in academic research. Secondly, we aimed to explore if the ability of each platform is influenced by the level of queries complexity. METHODS: We asked the two platforms to list five studies about each of the following three topics: (1) use of virtual reality in anatomy education, (2) use of stereoscopic virtual reality in anatomy education, (3) use of stereoscopic virtual reality in anatomy education, involving user's interaction with the virtual environment. We assessed if the retrieved studies fulfilled the search criteria, and if their summaries were accurate (if they contained true information about all the educational results of the article's abstract). RESULTS: The ChatGPT's percentages of successful detection were 100%, 60% and 0% respectively for the three queries. The percentages of accurate summaries were 60%, 20% and 0% respectively. ScholarGPT performed better, with a percentage of successful detection 100%, 60% and 40% respectively. The percentages of accurate summaries were 80%, 60% and 40% respectively. Both platforms showed bias in favor of the educational intervention. CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT and ScholarGPT are not currently at an adequate level to essentially aid researchers to detect and summarize studies of the anatomy education literature. Ongoing research may increase the ability of those platforms to provide more reliable information.
A unique variant of a persistent trigeminal artery combined with an accessory anterior cerebral artery.
Triantafyllou G, Papadopoulos-Manolarakis P, Tsakotos G … +2 more , Luzzi S, Piagkou M
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40737717 · Publisher ↗
The cerebral arterial circle exhibits considerable variability with clinical relevance in radiological and neurosurgical practice. Among its rarest variants are persistent embryonic arteries, notably the persistent trige...
The cerebral arterial circle exhibits considerable variability with clinical relevance in radiological and neurosurgical practice. Among its rarest variants are persistent embryonic arteries, notably the persistent trigeminal artery (PTA). We present a unique case identified via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a 39-year-old female, revealing a PTA giving rise to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). An accessory anterior cerebral artery (aACA) emerged from the anterior communicating artery. The coexistence of these two rare variants forms a peculiar arterial pattern. Interestingly, the AICA origin from the PTA is a scarce variation. This case highlights the importance of detailed vascular imaging for identifying atypical configurations, which may influence surgical approaches and risk assessment in cerebrovascular procedures.
Historic specimen of calvaria showing late-stage syphilitic involvement from the Vernon-Roberts Museum of The University of Adelaide (Australia).
Saniotis A, Henneberg M, Galassi FM
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40716247 · Publisher ↗
In this case study, we discuss a rare specimen of syphilis from the Vernon-Roberts Museum of The University of Adelaide. The anatomical specimen has historical and medical implications of syphilis in Australia during the...
In this case study, we discuss a rare specimen of syphilis from the Vernon-Roberts Museum of The University of Adelaide. The anatomical specimen has historical and medical implications of syphilis in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Given the lack of preserved clinical information, the case study underscores the importance of integrating paleopathological evidence with social and historical contexts in understanding disease expression and progression in past populations.
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