Morphologie[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The mental ossicles: A narrative review.
Htike SK, Kitagawa N, Fukino K … +5 more , Ishii S, Komune N, Sañudo JR, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40684515 · Publisher ↗
The mental ossicles, or the ossicula mentalia, are small anatomical structures located at the midline between the left and right mandibular halves in infants. They appear between 6 and 7 weeks of gestational age and disa...
The mental ossicles, or the ossicula mentalia, are small anatomical structures located at the midline between the left and right mandibular halves in infants. They appear between 6 and 7 weeks of gestational age and disappear before or shortly after birth. Although they play a crucial role in shaping the human chin in the developmental stage, the mental ossicles are rarely described in the scientific literature. In this paper, we searched the available literature on "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" databases. Search terms such as "mental ossicles", "ossicula mentalia", and "mental bones" were used, followed by backward citation tracking to do a full-text review. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the mental ossicles and their occurrence, anatomical characteristics, embryological and histological findings. Understanding the mental ossicles in a human fetus play a critical role in the proper mandibular development and craniofacial symmetry.
Sexual dimorphism assessment through morphological analysis of the sella turcica in multislice computed tomography scans.
Carneiro Ribeiro E, Lima Cordeiro V, Sampaio Neves F … +9 more , Mesquita Tuji F, Lima Gurgel M, Chaves Junior CM, Soares Cevidanes LH, Maferano EFE, de Mendonça DS, de Barros Silva PG, de Aguiar ASW, Costa FWG
Morphologie · 2025 Dec · PMID 40651370 · Publisher ↗
The sella turcica (ST) is a depression located within the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa. It houses the pituitary gland and serves as a crucial cephalometric landmark for craniofacial growth assessment. Given...
The sella turcica (ST) is a depression located within the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa. It houses the pituitary gland and serves as a crucial cephalometric landmark for craniofacial growth assessment. Given that several studies have analyzed its dimensions using imaging, some researchers have proposed evaluating its morphology in relation to sex, considering it a potential structure for human identification in forensic anthropology. This study aimed to assess sexual dimorphism through morphological evaluation of the ST in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scans of individuals from Northern and Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using 200 MSCT scans equally distributed between sexes, from individuals aged 18 to 49 years. Sagittal sections were analyzed using RadiAnt software, based on morphological classifications proposed by Axelsson (normal, oblique anterior wall, pyramidal, double contour, bridging, and dorsum irregularity) and Yasa (oval, round, and flat). Descriptive analyses of qualitative data and correlations between ST morphology and sex were performed. Morphological correlations showed that the normal form was significantly more frequent in males (80%) than females aged 18-29 years (P=0.005). Conversely, the oblique anterior wall was more prevalent in females (23.1%) within the same age range (P=0.002). The round shape was significantly more common in young males (43.1%) compared to females (P=0.026), while the flat shape was more frequent in young females (61.5%) (P=0.023). Other morphological types showed no significant sex differences across age groups. Based on this study, morphological features such as the normal shape, oblique anterior wall, round, and flat types serve as predictors of sexual dimorphism in individuals under 30 years of age.
Histological study of the capsular and discal insertions of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
Bescond G, Duterre M, Van Sint Jan S … +1 more , Feipel V
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40633475 · Publisher ↗
Many variations of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) anatomy have been described and, because of its assumed insertions on the intra-articular disc, the muscle is supposed to pull it during mouth movements. In clinics,...
Many variations of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) anatomy have been described and, because of its assumed insertions on the intra-articular disc, the muscle is supposed to pull it during mouth movements. In clinics, the LPM has been held responsible for some temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement. The aim of this study was therefore to verify the insertions of the LPM onto the disc and joint capsule, using macro-anatomical dissection of human material and histological analysis under the microscope. The results showed great variability in the measurements (percentage coefficient of variation: 25<CV%<82). No correlation could be found between the different parameters measured (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.17<rho<0.61), nor any significant difference between the parameters measured on the left and right TMJs of the same specimen. Scarcity and small thickness of LPM fibers attaching directly onto the intra-articular disc raises doubts about its ability to mobilize it. The authors estimated that it would be useful to improve the anatomical knowledge of the muscle in order to better understand its action on TMJ, the behavior of the disc and for the purpose of future tri-dimensional (3D) biomechanical study.
Principle of biological adaptation: Evolutionary adaptations of the female pelvis to bipedalism as the main cause for fetopelvic disproportion.
Zharova NV, Evtushenko AL, Zharikov YO … +3 more , Zharov NA, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikova TS
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40609395 · Publisher ↗
Throughout human evolution, changes in the size and shape of the pelvis have occurred in connection with bipedalism. These changes have become genetically fixed in the ontogeny of modern female Homo sapiens. The typologi...
Throughout human evolution, changes in the size and shape of the pelvis have occurred in connection with bipedalism. These changes have become genetically fixed in the ontogeny of modern female Homo sapiens. The typological classification of pelvic shapes and sizes in women was examined, demonstrating the significance of pelvic structural features in influencing the course of labor. The application of modern pelvic examination methods for planning management strategies and predicting the outcome of natural childbirth was also discussed. Several recent studies on pelvic mobility during pregnancy suggest that performing small movements with a peanut-shaped exercise ball before and during labor may create more space in the pelvis and increase the likelihood of a safe vaginal birth.
12mm wide parietal foramina: Morphological aspects and forensic application-A case report.
Silva Santos TK, De Oliveira RG, Souza Oliveira AB … +3 more , Rodrigues LG, Franco A, Silva RF
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40411931 · Publisher ↗
The enlarged parietal foramina (EPF) consist of a rare anatomical variation resulting from an autosomal dominant mutation, typically measuring over 5mm. Although often asymptomatic, this condition can be relevant in fore...
The enlarged parietal foramina (EPF) consist of a rare anatomical variation resulting from an autosomal dominant mutation, typically measuring over 5mm. Although often asymptomatic, this condition can be relevant in forensic anthropology for both human identification and differential diagnosis. This case report describes the presence of bilateral EPF in the skull of an adult male discovered in an advanced state of decomposition in Central-Western Brazil. Each foramen measured approximately 12mm and was detected during routine anthropological analysis. Potentially mimicking old gunshot wounds (especially when unilateral), the EPF was identified by its blunt margins, bilateral distribution in the parietal bone, and lack of macroscopically visible firearm residue and radiating fractures. This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare anatomical variants to avoid misinterpretation during medicolegal evaluations. When available, antemortem records may support its use as an identifying feature. The EPF remains an underreported condition, particularly in forensic settings, warranting further attention.
Knowledge, attitude, and perception of 'Cadaver as our First Teacher' among the Phase 1 students in their competency-based medical education.
Vadgaonkar R, Ullal SD, Murlimanju BV
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40383106 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Throughout the world, there has been much emphasis on humanizing the cadaver with due respect as they are considered the first teachers for a medical student and, of late, have gained momentum. In this contex...
BACKGROUND: Throughout the world, there has been much emphasis on humanizing the cadaver with due respect as they are considered the first teachers for a medical student and, of late, have gained momentum. In this context, this research aimed to study the knowledge, attitude and perception of the cadaver among the Phase 1 medical students of our institution. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional institution-based study of 416 medical students of Phase 1, which included 21 validated questions about the 'attitude, ethics and communication' module 1.5 of the competency-based medical education curriculum. RESULTS: In this study, 235 (56.5%) of our students strongly agreed that the dissection hall is the only place where the dead teach the living. A total of four hundred and five students (97.4%) approved of "cadaver as their first teacher' and 411 (98.8%) of them agreed that the cadaveric oath would inculcate responsibility, respect, and empathy in young medical undergraduates. In this study, 177 (70.8%) students expressed desire to perform cadaveric dissection on a routine basis, and the remaining 64 (25.6%) opined to perform it occasionally. Four hundred and ten (98.6%) students were aware of photographic prohibition without the permission of authoritative personnel inside the dissection hall or of specimens displayed there, and 405 (97.4%) also expressed that it is unethical to share those pictures on social media. Four hundred and thirteen (99.3%) of students were aware of the disposal protocol of the cadaveric tissues. CONCLUSION: The study observed that the Phase 1 medical students were aware of the guidelines of attitude, ethics, communication, and hygiene protocols to be followed while dissection. They acknowledged that cadavers were their first teacher, who would assist them in both teaching and research. It is believed that this study is enlightening to the students and professors at the medical schools concerning the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal-4 in offering quality education.
Radio-morphologic assessment of dental formation leading to permanent teeth and third molar age estimation models.
Pinto R, Cordeiro R, Galego Z … +3 more , Turkina A, Boedi R, Franco A
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40378654 · Publisher ↗
Understanding dental development within populations is essential for clinical and forensic applications, particularly for age estimation in children and adolescents. This study aimed: I) to evaluate the chronology of den...
Understanding dental development within populations is essential for clinical and forensic applications, particularly for age estimation in children and adolescents. This study aimed: I) to evaluate the chronology of dental development, eruption, and exfoliation by means of radiographic analysis and II) to propose dental age estimation models based on the development of permanent teeth and third molars. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs of individuals between 6 and 22.9years. Radiographs were analyzed for deciduous and permanent teeth, including third molars, using established staging systems for development, eruption, and exfoliation. Dental age estimation models were developed for permanent teeth and third molars, separately, using staging techniques. The models demonstrated high accuracy, with coefficients of determination (r) of 0.94 for maxillary teeth, 0.95 for mandibular teeth, and 0.93 for third molars. The mean absolute errors (MAE) were approximately 0.6years for permanent teeth and 0.93years for third molars. This study contributes to the field of dental age estimation providing frameworks for evaluating subadults in contexts requiring legal or anthropological assessments. Future research should aim to test and validate these models in independent populations.
Examination of the relationship between cadaveric dissection and anxiety experienced by anatomy students: A scoping review.
Chytas V, Piagkou M, Paraskevas G … +3 more , Salmas M, Lyrtzis C, Chytas D
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40339452 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Anatomical literature indicates that cadaveric dissection induces stress among anatomy students. We conducted a scoping review to explore the extent to which dissection correlates with the anxiety experienced by...
PURPOSE: Anatomical literature indicates that cadaveric dissection induces stress among anatomy students. We conducted a scoping review to explore the extent to which dissection correlates with the anxiety experienced by students in the context of anatomical education. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and the Cochrane library for articles that explored students' anxiety levels related to dissection for learning anatomy, using specific psychological assessment tools. From each included study, we extracted the following information: author(s), number of participants, duration and number of dissection courses, levels of anxiety (or stress) related to cadaveric dissection, assessment tools, possible interventions to reduce anxiety, and outcomes of these interventions. RESULTS: Eight articles were included. Four of them explored only dissection as a factor that affects anxiety, while the remaining four studies explored interventions implemented simultaneously with dissection. Most studies showed that dissection led to a notable reduction in the anxiety initially felt by students. This reduction seemed to be related to interventions such as listening to music or binaural beats simultaneously with dissecting. There is a lack of studies with methodology able to demonstrate that dissection itself increases anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Cadaveric dissection generally seems to alleviate anatomy students' initial anxiety. This alleviation may be facilitated by factors such as listening to music or binaural beats. Further research will clarify specific factors that significantly reduce students' initial stress before dissection.
Comparative histologic assessment of fetal cadaveric tissue preserved using the modified saturated salt solution.
Abraham J, D'Souza A, Bhat AK … +7 more , Kalthur SG, Pandey AK, Andrade LS, Pillay M, Ankolekar VH, Prabhath S, Punja R
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40339451 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The modified saturated salt solution is currently used for embalming to improve the limitations of the existing saturated salt solution. However, the histological characteristics of cadaveric tissue embalme...
INTRODUCTION: The modified saturated salt solution is currently used for embalming to improve the limitations of the existing saturated salt solution. However, the histological characteristics of cadaveric tissue embalmed with the modified saturated salt solution are unknown. Hence, the study examined the histological characteristics of cadaveric tissue embalmed with modified saturated salt solution, formaldehyde, and saturated salt solution. METHODS: A year-long experiment involved four groups of fetuses, each containing four, older than 28 weeks of gestational age. The first group was embalmed with 18-20% formaldehyde followed by immersion, the second group was embalmed with the modified saturated salt solution followed by immersion, the third group was embalmed with modified saturated salt solution and placed in a refrigerated chamber, and the fourth group was embalmed with saturated salt solution and immersed in the same solution. Fixation and staining were performed, and microscopy was followed. Experts compared the histological appearances of five tissues across four embalming groups using a checklist, and data was analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's categorical tests. RESULTS: Modified saturated salt solution showed comparable results with formaldehyde and saturated salt solution, but modified saturated salt solution immersion showed higher quality results than modified saturated salt solution cold storage for most histology criteria. Furthermore, lung tissue is the most affected by the different fixatives for all criteria. CONCLUSION: Modifying saturated salt solution has improved its ability to preserve fetal tissues, with the immersion technique proving promising for maintaining histological qualities.
A case of bilateral thinning of the cranial bones in an elderly individual.
Botha D, Lottering T, Brits DM … +1 more , Hutchinson E
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40328206 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Bilateral thinning of the parietal bone is a condition that has been known since the 18th century, with several names being given since its discovery. The aetiology is unknown but there are numerous theories....
BACKGROUND: Bilateral thinning of the parietal bone is a condition that has been known since the 18th century, with several names being given since its discovery. The aetiology is unknown but there are numerous theories. Although this condition is rarely encountered, its clinical significance may be relevant to traumatic cases. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to present a case of bilateral thinning observed in the cranium of an 87-year elderly female, which was assessed macroscopically and radiologically to visualize the exact parameters of the thinned areas to discuss a plausible cause and aetiology of the condition. METHODS: During maceration for teaching purposes, the cranium was removed and assessed macroscopically. A micro-CT was then taken to determine the exact size and cranial thickness of the lesions. RESULTS: A differential diagnosis was established which included an unknown aetiology or Gorham-Stout disease. In addition, it was noted that metabolic factors, such as malnutrition and metabolic acidosis, should be considered as factors for increasing its severity. CONCLUSION: Case studies on the presence of bilateral thinning of the parietal bones has been reported in various countries, while no case studies could be found reporting the presence of bilateral thinning on both the parietal and occipital bones. The combination of thinning reported in this study may suggest increased severity of a more advanced state of the condition.
Vertical integration of anatomy teaching in the clinical phase of undergraduate medical education: An overview.
Chytas D, Noussios G, Paraskevas G … +4 more , Vasiliadis AV, Salmas M, Lyrtzis C, Troupis T
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40318315 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Vertical integration in medical education, which means integration of basic sciences teaching in clinical practice, has gained increased scientific interest in modern curricula. We aimed to conduct a review of t...
PURPOSE: Vertical integration in medical education, which means integration of basic sciences teaching in clinical practice, has gained increased scientific interest in modern curricula. We aimed to conduct a review of the literature concerning the outcomes of vertical integration of anatomy teaching in the clinical phase of undergraduate medical education. METHODS: We searched in the databases PubMed, Scopus, ERIC and Cochrane library for articles with the purpose of investigating the outcomes of vertical integration of anatomy teaching in the clinical phase of undergraduate medical education. From each included article we extracted the following data: authors, number of participants, methods of vertical integration of anatomy teaching, outcomes of the educational intervention and their level according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the review. Of them, six explored students' examinations performance, while three studies investigated only participants' perceptions. The most common strategy of implementation of this integration is the use of a blended anatomy learning approach, mainly involving cadaveric dissection. Overall, the vertical integration of anatomical courses in medical students' clinical teaching has been accompanied by strongly positive perceptions, while both their anatomical and clinical knowledge was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical integration of anatomy teaching in the medical students' clinical phase seems to be a highly acceptable and effective educational strategy. Anatomy teachers should be encouraged to deliver courses in conjunction with medical students' clinical clerkships.
Anatomical differences of the cervical esophagus in brachycephalic dogs.
Santos TI, Guerra DML, Santos GVC … +2 more , Doiche DP, Oliveira FS
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40315622 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated anatomical variations of the cervical esophagus in brachycephalic dogs (n=16 Shih Tzus/French Bulldogs) compared to mesocephalic controls (n=16 mixed-breed) through cadaveric dissection. Results r...
This study investigated anatomical variations of the cervical esophagus in brachycephalic dogs (n=16 Shih Tzus/French Bulldogs) compared to mesocephalic controls (n=16 mixed-breed) through cadaveric dissection. Results revealed that 93.75% of brachycephalic dogs exhibited ventral esophageal sacculation, with 100% prevalence in French Bulldogs versus 92.3% in Shih Tzus. The esophagus showed abnormal ventral/lateral positioning at the thoracic inlet, overlapping the trachea (93.75% of cases) and obscuring its left lateral view, contrasting with mesocephalic anatomy. These alterations correlate with literature reports of esophageal dysfunction in brachycephalic breeds, including reflux (67.39% prevalence in CT studies) and hiatal herniation. The findings suggest that extreme craniofacial conformation exacerbates anatomical deviations, potentially contributing to clinical complications like dysphagia and aspiration. Surgical implications include modified approaches for airway procedures due to altered vascular relationships (left common carotid artery proximity) and esophageal fragility. Limitations include sample bias toward Shih Tzus (81.25%). This study highlights the need for breed-specific anatomical assessments in clinical/surgical management of brachycephalic dogs.
The origin of middle ear ossicles: A narrative and illustrated historical review.
Louryan S
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40253722 · Publisher ↗
The development of the middle ear ossicles, (malleus, incus, and stapes,) has long been linked to the two first visceral (or branchial) arches. Meckel's cartilage, identified by Johann-Friedrich Meckel, is recognized as...
The development of the middle ear ossicles, (malleus, incus, and stapes,) has long been linked to the two first visceral (or branchial) arches. Meckel's cartilage, identified by Johann-Friedrich Meckel, is recognized as the first branchial arch cartilage, contributing to the formation of the malleus and incus. In contrast, Reichert's cartilage, associated with the second arch, is tied to the stapes. Despite these historical contributions, there remains significant debate among scientists regarding the exact roles each visceral arch plays in ossicular development, with various theories proposing different origins for these structures. Recent research has highlighted the complexity of this embryonic development, suggesting that the ossicles may arise from a mixture of neural crest cells associated with both branchial arches. Investigations into gene expression, particularly the Hoxa2 gene, have shown that the contributions from the first and second arches to the malleus and incus are more intertwined than previously understood. Some evidence suggests that the malleus and perhaps the incus may incorporate cells from the second arch, while the stapes may also have contributions from both second arch and the otic capsule, thus complicating the classical theories of ossicle development. In conclusion, while the classical understanding of ossicles origins has been rooted in the historical classifications of Meckel's and Reichert's cartilages, modern research indicates a more intricate interplay of cellular contributions from both branchial arches. This nuanced understanding underscores the importance of continued investigation into the embryonic development of the middle ear, as this may shed light not only on human anatomy but also on the evolutionary connections between mammals and other vertebrates. The ongoing exploration of these concepts is crucial for resolving the ambiguities surrounding the ossicular system's formation.
Condylar volume comparison after rapid maxillary expansion by Haas and Hyrax in growing patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Dias Mendes W, da Silva Mira PC, Bitencourt Reis CL … +7 more , Vargas Ramos CA, Gollino S, Macedo de Menezes L, Azeredo F, Hallak Regalo SC, Bernadete Sasso Stuani M, Siéssere S
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40186933 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the condylar volume of growing patients after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by Haas and Hyrax appliances. METHODS: This retrospective cross- sectional study assessed the records of...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the condylar volume of growing patients after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by Haas and Hyrax appliances. METHODS: This retrospective cross- sectional study assessed the records of patients diagnosed with transversal maxillary deficiency and with incomplete maturation of midpalatal suture. RME was performed with Haas or Hyrax appliances. Condylar volume was obtained by segmentation of DICOM images from cone-beam computerized tomographys before (T1) and after one year (T2) of RME. The results were compared between the experimental times, sex, and appliances by parametric tests (alpha=5%). RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were included (128±21 months old). There were no statistical differences in condylar volume between experimental times (T1 and T2), sex, and appliances to the right and left condyle (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: RME by Haas or Hyrax does not impact the condylar volume of growing patients.
Transforming ear anatomy education: Evaluating the impact of innovative teaching methods on medical students' learning outcomes.
Baro B, Gogoi J, Narzary T … +3 more , Rabha G, Saloi R, Das S
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40186932 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The human ear is a complex organ, crucial for hearing and balance, divided into three main parts - the external, middle, and inner ear. Traditional teaching methods for ear anatomy, involving textbooks and...
INTRODUCTION: The human ear is a complex organ, crucial for hearing and balance, divided into three main parts - the external, middle, and inner ear. Traditional teaching methods for ear anatomy, involving textbooks and lectures, often tend to be inadequate in conveying the three-dimensional relationships and intricate structures, leading to lower retention rates and limited understanding in students. AIM: To evaluate the impact of low-cost innovative teaching methods on students' perceptions of learning the intricate details of the inner and middle ear, comparing their perspectives before and after the instructional sessions. METHODOLOGY: This study explores an innovative approach to teaching ear anatomy by incorporating temporal bone sections, ear ossicles, handmade 3D models of the middle and inner ear, and the use of an otoscope. The study involved first-year MBBS students from Diphu Medical College, Assam, India for the session 2023-2024 (n=100). Students were divided into small groups and engaged in hands-on sessions using these tools. The effectiveness of this approach was assessed through a Likert scale questionnaire. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to study the difference in responses of the cohort pre- and post-interactive classes. The response data were also correlated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results indicated significant (P<0.05) improvements in students' understanding and retention of ear anatomy and its mechanism, with enhanced spatial comprehension and practical skills. This method demonstrated higher student satisfaction and confidence in explaining the structures compared to traditional teaching methods. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that incorporating interactive tools in anatomical education can significantly enhance learning outcomes, offering a more effective and engaging way to study complex anatomical structures.
The effect of supratrochlear foramen on susceptibility of the distal humerus to fracture.
Cohen H, Stahl I, Keltz E … +2 more , Brosh T, Keren Y
Morphologie · 2025 Sep · PMID 40147199 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Supratrochlear foramina (STF) are occasionally encountered in both clinical and anthropological contexts. However, their biomechanical impact on fracture susceptibility in the distal humerus remains poorly under...
PURPOSE: Supratrochlear foramina (STF) are occasionally encountered in both clinical and anthropological contexts. However, their biomechanical impact on fracture susceptibility in the distal humerus remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence of a single STF affects the fracture load of distal HumerusHumerus models under axial loading. METHODS: Standardized foam bone models, simulating the distal humerus, were divided into two groups: (1) models with a single STF and (2) control models without STF. Axial compression tests were performed using a universal testing machine, and fracture loads and speciments stiffness were compared using independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: The mean±SD peak fracture loads were similar with 1160±100N and 1110±165N (P=0.829) for the test and control groups, respectively. The mean fracture loads trended slightly different with 1050±120N and 960±150N for the test and control group, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.060). Both groups displayed similar incomplete transverse fracture patterns and load-displacement behaviors, indicating comparable mechanical responses prior to fracture. CONCLUSION: The presence of a single STF does not significantly compromise the fracture resistance of distal humerus models under axial loading. These findings provide preliminary biomechanical evidence that STF may be clinically tolerable, though further studies are needed in cadaveric and dynamic loading conditions to confirm these results.
Retrospective analysis of the educational efficacy of digital resources in blended learning for teaching Human Histology & Embryology to medical students.
Bani D, Guelfi MR, Shtylla J … +2 more , Di Grazia O, Masoni M
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 40058001 · Publisher ↗
This study analyses the efficacy of introducing digital teaching/learning resources in blended learning mode regarding students' success rate and grading on the final examination in the Human Histology & Embryology cours...
This study analyses the efficacy of introducing digital teaching/learning resources in blended learning mode regarding students' success rate and grading on the final examination in the Human Histology & Embryology course of the Florence University Medical School (Italy). Two student cohorts were compared: early (E, years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015), where the course had only basic digital resources, and recent (R, years 2022-2023 and 2023-2024), where the course could take advantage of a broader panel of digital resources. Analysis of the results of the final exam shows a significant decrease in the number of students failing the exam and an increase in those gaining the highest score (A and A+) in the R cohort. In this cohort, the percentage of students who reached an excellent performance to deserve honours raised to 10,8% vs. 3,9% in the E cohort. The time needed for the students to prepare for the exam was also reduced in the R cohort, as shown by the significant increase in the percentage of the students who took and passed the exam in the first available session after the end of the course (1 month) and decrease in that of the students who postponed their exam till the last sessions (9 months). Our study objectively evaluates the educational value of innovative blended learning, including multiple individualized and interactive digital resources, to improve traditional face-to-face teaching, especially for morphological disciplines.
Irisin Modulates Perivascular Adipose Tissue Structure In Rat Thoracic Aorta.
Shatarat AT, Shurrab AM, Al-Lahham HM … +4 more , Tarboush NA, Badran DH, Salameh MA, Badran R
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39985838 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Irisin is a newly identified hormone secreted mainly by skeletal muscles. It has different effects on the cardiovascular system and blood vessels. The present study investigated the possible effects of irisin...
BACKGROUND: Irisin is a newly identified hormone secreted mainly by skeletal muscles. It has different effects on the cardiovascular system and blood vessels. The present study investigated the possible effects of irisin on the microscopic structure of the perivascular adipose tissue in the rat thoracic aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups: a non-injected control group (n=4) and four injected experimental groups (each n=4). The experimental rats were injected intraperitoneally with one of the following concentrations of irisin; 250, 500, 1000, and 2000ng/mL, twice a week for 4 weeks. After that, all experimental rats' descending thoracic aortas were removed, and imaging was performed. ANOVA and Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Test were used to achieve statistical comparisons. RESULTS: A trend of a dose-dependent increase in the number of brown adipocytes in all irisin-injected groups reached statistical significance at a dose of 2000ng/mL, compared to that of the control group (from 7.9±1 control to 67±6.1 in 2000ng/mL of irisin). A dose-dependent decrease in the number of white adipocytes compared to that of the control group (from 40±4.8 control to 3±0.9 in 2000ng/mL of irisin). CONCLUSION: The present study has for the first time demonstrated that irisin has significantly increased the number of brown adipocytes and decreased the number of white adipocytes in the perivascular adipose tissue in rat thoracic aorta.
Morphological variability of the intercostobrachial nerve and potential surgical significance.
Piagkou M, Triantafyllou G, Koutserimpas C … +5 more , Ediaroglou V, Tsakotos G, Mariorakis C, Anestiadou E, Natsis K
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39947013 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) typically originates from the lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve (T2). The ICBN may sometimes arise from the lateral cutaneous branch of T3. Many auth...
BACKGROUND: The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) typically originates from the lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve (T2). The ICBN may sometimes arise from the lateral cutaneous branch of T3. Many authors have undertaken ICBN studies as it is a highly variable structure with numerous morphological patterns reported. Variations include double-, triple-, and multiple ICBNs and their potential interconnections (ICs). AIM: The current cadaveric study aims to explore the ICBN morphological variants, examining their origins, branching patterns, and relationships with adjacent vessels. Identifying neural variants closely correlates with arterial alterations and may reveal deviations in the ICBN typical course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dissections were conducted on 30 (15 male and 15 female) formalin-embalmed Greek donated cadavers (60 sides in total) with an average age of 74. RESULTS: Forty-three out of sixty sides had typical ICBN anatomy (71.7%). ICBN variants were identified on 17/60 sides (11 unilateral [9 right and two left] and three bilateral cases) with an incidence of 28.3%. Concerning the ICBN morphology, a single ICBN existed on 9/60 sides (15%), two ICBNs (T2 and T3) on 3/60 sides (5%), three, four, and five, and multiple ICBNs on 1/60 sides (1.7%) per each. An ICBN division into two or three branches was identified on 3/60 sides (5%). ICBN interconnections (ICs) were identified with the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (MBCN) and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) in 3 cases (5%) and 1 case (1.7%). ICs with the radial nerve (RN) were identified in 3 cases (5%) and ICs with both the MBCN and MACN in a unique case (1.7%). Arterial covariants were identified in 4 out of 60 cases (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The current gross anatomy study emphasizes the clinical significance of preserving the ICBN during surgical procedures to prevent sensory loss or dysesthesia in the upper arm.
A rare morphological variant: Bilateral accessory optic canal.
Triantafyllou G, Piagkou M, Tsakotos G … +1 more , Duparc F
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39854795 · Publisher ↗
The optic canal (OC) transmits the optic nerve (ON) and ophthalmic artery (OA) from the skull base to the orbit. Its morphological variability is narrow, and most commonly its dimensions are being studied. We observed an...
The optic canal (OC) transmits the optic nerve (ON) and ophthalmic artery (OA) from the skull base to the orbit. Its morphological variability is narrow, and most commonly its dimensions are being studied. We observed an unexpected variant during a routine investigation of our osteological collection. The right and left OCs were carefully inspected. Both presented with an accessory canal inferolateral to the main OC. The dimensions were 1.88×1.96mm (left side) and 2.41×2.89mm (right side). The rest of the orbital anatomy was free of variants. Most probably, the content of the bilateral accessory canals corresponds to the ophthalmic artery. The OC duplication is considered rare, while the bilateral appearance is a scarce variant; however, surgeons operating the orbit should keep this in mind and check for such variations preoperatively.
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