Morphologie[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Third molar assessment for legal age determination in Indonesian juveniles using Demirjian method.
Devi A, Keshena JR, Vidyahayati IL … +3 more , Skripsa TH, Prabowo YB, Merdietio Boedi R
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39827766 · Publisher ↗
Third molar radiographic assessment can help determine the probability of an individual reaching the legal age of majority, typically 18 years old. This study aims to assess this probability using third molar development...
Third molar radiographic assessment can help determine the probability of an individual reaching the legal age of majority, typically 18 years old. This study aims to assess this probability using third molar development through the Demirjian staging system. The sample consisted of 429 panoramic radiographs (210 females, 219 males) from individuals aged 15-23.99 years. Upper right (FDI 18) and lower right (FDI 48) third molars were assessed following Mincer's adaptation of the Demirjian staging system. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the probability of being over 18 years old, analysing both single and combined third molar stages. FDI 18 and 48 showed similar developmental stages, with FDI 18 generally developing at a faster rate. The probability of being 18 years or older (P≥0.5) was reached at stage F for males (P=0.58) and females (P=0.54) in FDI 18, and for females in FDI 48 (P=0.61). By stage H, it was almost certain that the individual was over 18 years old. When combining both upper and lower third molars, individuals were almost certainly over 18 if FDI 18 had reached stage H, regardless of FDI 48 stage. Third molar development assessment in Indonesian juveniles can serve as an effective tool for determining whether an individual is over or under 18 years old using Demirjian staging. Future research should aim to refine age estimation models within specific populations to enhance accuracy and reliability in legal age assessments.
Can ChatGPT play a significant role in anatomy education? A scoping review.
Chytas D, Noussios G, Paraskevas G … +3 more , Vasiliadis AV, Giovanidis G, Troupis T
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39813897 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: We performed a scoping review to explore if ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence platform, can play a significant role in anatomy education. METHODS: PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC and Cochrane databases were searched for...
PURPOSE: We performed a scoping review to explore if ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence platform, can play a significant role in anatomy education. METHODS: PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC and Cochrane databases were searched for articles which included anatomical questions asked to ChatGPT. From each article, we extracted the following data: authors, type of study (qualitative or quantitative), presence or not of comparison of ChatGPT with other platforms or humans, type of questions asked to ChatGPT and evaluation of the answers to these questions. RESULTS: Nine studies were included. Seven of them were quantitative and two were qualitative. Four studies included comparison of ChatGPT with other platforms or humans, while five studies did not. The performance of ChatGPT was weak. It failed to generate detailed answers, acceptable images and scientifically sound texts. However, it could help students understand anatomy and demonstrate the clinical significance of anatomical information. When it was compared with other platforms, its performance was either worse or not significantly different. CONCLUSION: ChatGPT is not yet at an acceptable level to play a significant role in anatomy education. Given that artificial intelligence is constantly evolving, future research may show that ChatGPT will be improved enough to enhance its educational potential.
Analysis of heat induced changes in dental tissue for forensic application: A scanning electron microscope study.
Mathew RA, Doddawad VG, Shivananda S … +3 more , Dhakshaini MR, Suresh J, Alex A
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39778218 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: In the forensic field, having accurate understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic alterations that occur in teeth when exposed to temperatures has remarkable significance. The preservation of delicate...
INTRODUCTION: In the forensic field, having accurate understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic alterations that occur in teeth when exposed to temperatures has remarkable significance. The preservation of delicate incinerated teeth is crucial in fire investigations that pertain to the temperature exposed, as well as the identification of victims. This preservation is necessary in order to conduct macroscopic and microscopic ultra-structural examinations, which provide valuable insights into the structural alterations that dental tissues undergo when exposed to low to high temperatures. AIM: To analyze the macroscopic changes and the microscopic ultra-structural changes of dental hard tissue in permanent and deciduous dentition using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 40 healthy freshly extracted teeth (20 permanent and 20 deciduous) which were subjected to predetermined temperatures i.e., 200̊C, 400̊C, 600̊C and 800̊C respectively for fifteen minutes using muffle furnace. Teeth were examined under stereomicroscope, later which they were processed for SEM examination at a magnification of 1000×. The parameter for macroscopic observation is colour, translucency and surface texture of enamel and cementum. The parameters used in microscopic observation of enamel such as pit and fissure morphology, prism pattern, crack/fracture lines, microporosity, debris, erosion, while for cementum, the parameters considered were crack presence, fissure morphology, collagen bundle arrangement, pattern, and debris. Both macroscopic and microscopic observations of dentition at different specific temperatures were calculated using percentage. The difference in macroscopic and microscopic changes between permanent and deciduous teeth were analyzed using chi-square test. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation in macroscopic and microscopic changes between permanent and deciduous teeth. Observations of dentition at various specific temperatures, both at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, revealed a noticeable reduction in the presence of each of the selected parameters in enamel and cementum. CONCLUSION: The study revealed significant macroscopic morphological alterations and consistent microscopic ultra-structural patterns alterations that were readily observable at specified temperatures. The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the examination of burnt dental remains has a special potential for enhancing victim identification and advancing the field of forensic odontology.
Fortuitous discovery of a superior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery originating from the right branch of the hepatic artery during cadaver dissection.
Pasinato G, Peltier J, Havet E … +1 more , Regimbeau JM
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39754786 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The duodeno-pancreatic region is a highly vascularized area. The superior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a vessel primarily originating from the gastroduodenal artery. It exhibits rare anatomic...
INTRODUCTION: The duodeno-pancreatic region is a highly vascularized area. The superior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a vessel primarily originating from the gastroduodenal artery. It exhibits rare anatomical variations, such as its emergence from the right branch of the hepatic artery, which we fortuitously identified during a cadaver dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The body studied in this dissection was from cadavers donated to science at the Anatomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine in Amiens. This dissection was part of a Master's project aimed at studying the branches of the celiac trunk. RESULTS: We identified a superior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery arising from the right branch of the hepatic artery, coursing to the right of the gastroduodenal artery and sharing a very proximal anastomotic branch that gave rise to seven short retro-duodenal arteries. This artery provided branches to the bile duct and then ran along the duodenum and the pancreas while giving off about ten small branches to these two adjacent organs. It anastomosed with the posterior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which originated from the superior mesenteric artery. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of this anatomical variation is fundamental for the visceral surgeon performing a cephalic duodenopancreatectomy, a resection of the pancreatic head with preservation of the duodenal framework, a resection of the pancreatic head with pancreatic-jejunostomy, or even in managing a hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer. This aberrant origin of the superior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery should also be known by the interventional radiologist during arterial embolizations related to the rupture of pseudoaneurysms of the pancreatic arcades.
Knowledge of gross human anatomy among Brazilian physical education students: A cross-sectional study.
da Silva CKC, Pessoa KJN, de Lima AC … +9 more , Ribeiro JM, da Silva JA, de Sousa CEV, Barbosa Neto O, de Oliveira FB, Machado HR, Santos DAT, de Lira CAB, Viana RB
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39752800 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Gross human anatomy is essential in undergraduate programs across biological and health sciences. While extensive literature explores medical students' knowledge in this area, studies on non-medical students,...
BACKGROUND: Gross human anatomy is essential in undergraduate programs across biological and health sciences. While extensive literature explores medical students' knowledge in this area, studies on non-medical students, particularly those in physical education, are scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the anatomy knowledge among Brazilian physical education students and explored differences based on employment status, type of class instruction (face-to-face vs. online), and involvement in academic activities. Additionally, we investigated students' perceptions of the assessment instrument and the gross human anatomy course itself. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving physical education students of both sexes, aged 18 and older, from four public Brazilian universities. Participants completed a 15-question multiple-choice survey on human anatomy systems. Correct answers received one point, with a total potential score of 15 points (100%). We categorized scores as excellent (≥ 90%), good (71-89%), sufficient (50-70%), and insufficient (< 50%). Participants had 90minutes to complete the survey. We presented data as median and interquartile range [IQR], median difference (Δ), and 95% confidence intervals. Scores were compared against the median absolute (7.5 points) and relative (50%) values. We used rank-biserial correlation for effect size and set a significance level 0.05. The study included 216 students (143 males) with a median age of 22.4 years [IQR: 4.0]. RESULTS: The final scores were significantly above the cut-offs, with a median absolute score of 9.0 [IQR: 3.0] and a relative score of 60% [IQR: 20%], showing large effects (Δ: +2.0 [1.5-2.0], P<0.001; Δ: +13.33% [10.0-13.34%], P<0.001). There were no significant differences in either the absolute or relative final scores (P≥0.05) between students who participated in academic activities and those who did not, nor between students who attended face-to-face versus online gross human anatomy classes. However, we found a significant difference between non-working students and their employed counterparts, with non-workers scoring higher both absolutely (P=0.002) and relatively (P=0.002) on the gross human anatomy questionnaire. Most of the participants described the difficulty of the gross human anatomy questionnaire as "average" (51.39%, n=111) and rated the gross human anatomy course difficulty as "difficult" (52.8%, n=114). CONCLUSION: Brazilian physical education students demonstrated only sufficient knowledge in gross human anatomy (60%). Therefore, strategies to enhance or maintain their knowledge throughout the educational program are vital.
Exploring the ventricular morphology of the heart of Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei, Characiformes).
D Dos Santos D, B Gardinal MV, R Ruiz TF … +6 more , Florêncio-Silva R, R Vidal M, R Falleiros-Júnior L, R Taboga S, B Franceschini-Vicentini I, A Vicentini C
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39708664 · Publisher ↗
Brycon amazonicus, a fish species widely distributed along freshwater rivers in Latin America, is important in maintaining ecological balance. Although some morphological/physiological aspects of B. amazonicus have been...
Brycon amazonicus, a fish species widely distributed along freshwater rivers in Latin America, is important in maintaining ecological balance. Although some morphological/physiological aspects of B. amazonicus have been reported, the cardiac histomorphology of this species remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the heart, emphasizing coronary distribution and ventricular myoarchitecture, correlating its structure with its functional activity. Ten adult specimens were anesthetized and perfused with Trident® ink to highlight the coronary branching. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized to collect the hearts, which were collected and processed for histological and histochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the heart of B. amazonicus has a pyramidal ventricle, mixed myocardium, and coronary vessels restricted to the compact layer, according to classifications in the literature. The compact layer comprises two types of muscle bundles, arranged in longitudinal and circular orientations. The coronary circulation, which originates in the lateral cephalic region, starts from the heart and extends to the ventricular myocardium. Therefore, B. amazonicus has a cardiac morphology similar to that of other teleost species already described in the literature, expanding information on the Characiformes group. The description obtained of the heart of this species may contribute to further studies that seek a better understanding of the ecophysiology and evolution of teleost fish in the freshwaters of the Neotropical region.
Analysis of dental anatomy knowledge among dental students: A preliminary study.
de Paiva MAA, Benjamim MA, Souza JHS … +4 more , Souza DO, Trócoli MGB, Alves ÁEF, De Oliveira AFB
Morphologie · 2025 Jun · PMID 39708663 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the level of dental anatomy knowledge and visual acuity of dental students throughout their undergraduate course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, observational, and cross-s...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the level of dental anatomy knowledge and visual acuity of dental students throughout their undergraduate course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted over one year. Thirty-seven students, divided into three groups based on the time spent studying dental anatomy and carving, had their theoretical knowledge and visual acuity assessed using two questionnaires. The former was organized into two groups of questions: (1) related to the anatomy of anterior teeth, and (2) the anatomy of posterior teeth. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman correlation (α=0.05). RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between sexes in the comparison of theoretical knowledge and photograph evaluation. Overall, participants performed similarly on both parts of the questionnaire about theoretical knowledge (anterior teeth group: 5.6±1.94; posterior teeth group: 5.7±2.32) with no statistical difference. There was no significant difference in the theoretical questionnaire results (P=0.615) or in the photograph evaluation (P=0.187) among the periods. In the intra-group comparison, P10 students scored higher in the photograph evaluation than in the theoretical questionnaire, showing a significant difference (P=0.027). No significant correlation was found between theoretical knowledge and sculpture evaluation (r=0.177; P=0.256). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that students had similar performance in theoretical knowledge of anterior and posterior teeth. However, P10 students performed better in photograph evaluation than in the theoretical questionnaire, suggesting an improvement in practical skills throughout the course.
Effect of Alpinia officinarum Rhizome extract on experimentally induced lung fibrosis: The pertinent role of Sirt1 and Nrf2 antioxidant pathways.
Al-Gholam MAS, Abd-Elhafiz HI, Tayel SG
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39694016 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a frequently reported COVID-19 sequela. It is a progressive disorder characterized by respiratory failure and death. The properties of Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes (AO) make it a hi...
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a frequently reported COVID-19 sequela. It is a progressive disorder characterized by respiratory failure and death. The properties of Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes (AO) make it a highly potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic agent. This study has evaluated AO's protective effects on bleomycin-induced PF in rats and investigated the underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bleomycin (5mg/kg, intratracheally) was used to induce PF in albino rats, and then, AO extract (200mg/kg/daily, orally) was administrated for 28days post-bleomycin-instillation. After euthanizing the rats, the biochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and histopathological examination of lung tissue were determined. RESULTS: Findings have revealed that bleomycin significantly increased the tissue level of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6, Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity level decreased in the lungs of bleomycin-instilled rats. However, AO extract significantly decreased histopathological injuries in hematoxylin & eosin, Masson's trichrome-stained sections, inducible nitric oxide synthase and α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 1 immunoexpression. CONCLUSION: Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes extract appears to protect against bleomycin-induced PF, possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties.
Bloom's taxonomy as a tool for educational objectives applied to human anatomy.
Montello MB, Bezerra de Moura SA, Abreu BJ
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39674085 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Human anatomy has long been a foundational aspect of medical education. To innovate and refine educational methodologies, it is necessary to employ tools that streamline the organization of classroom objectiv...
BACKGROUND: Human anatomy has long been a foundational aspect of medical education. To innovate and refine educational methodologies, it is necessary to employ tools that streamline the organization of classroom objectives. One such tool is Bloom's taxonomy (BT), a two-dimensional framework that guides the selection of verbs in defining educational objectives for curriculum components and lesson plans. OBJECTIVES: Develop Bloom's taxonomy verbs by creating a reference table for educators of human anatomy. METHODS: A two-dimensional BT's table was constructed, allocating verbs applicable to the context of human anatomy and potential classroom application scenarios with descriptions of usage examples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Twenty-four verbs were assigned with proper allocation in the two-dimensional table, along with the description of the expected objective corresponding to each verb, including examples of how it would be used within an educational context in the discipline of human anatomy. The need to develop proposals that incorporate descriptions of BT verbs in healthcare settings has been identified, particularly focusing on metacognitive aspects and the development of lesson plans with objectives based on BT. CONCLUSION: This resource can be used by educators to consult when initiating the development of objectives to be achieved in a class, curriculum component, or educational activity.
Exploring the genetics, mechanisms, and therapeutic innovations in non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
Borges GH, Lins-Candeiro CL, Henriques IV … +3 more , de Brito Junior RB, Pithon MM, Paranhos LR
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39657464 · Publisher ↗
Tooth agenesis is the congenital absence of one or more teeth in the normal series due to failures during dental development in the odontogenesis process. Although tooth development mechanisms are more precise in the lit...
Tooth agenesis is the congenital absence of one or more teeth in the normal series due to failures during dental development in the odontogenesis process. Although tooth development mechanisms are more precise in the literature, the etiology of non-syndromic tooth agenesis remains partially unknown. Mutations in genes that regulate the transcription factors involved in tooth development are associated with this condition. Despite advances in genetic research, questions remain about whose understanding might enable more precise and customized treatments. This study aimed to explain the molecular mechanisms associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis and treatment progression regarding the condition in genetics. The search was non-systematic and performed in MedLine (via PubMed). The inclusion criteria were observational and experimental studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, with open access and without time restrictions. The data analysis was narrative/descriptive. Fifty-three articles were selected. The primary genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis identified in the study include PAX9 and MSX1 - essential for molar and premolar formation; WNT10A and WNT10B - involved in cell signaling during odontogenesis; AXIN2 - related to the regulation of cell control and colorectal cancer risk; EDA and EDAR - crucial for ectodermal structures; and BMP4 - regulates cell differentiation and morphogenesis. These lesions directly affect tooth formation and quantity. Understanding these genetic foundations and the molecular mechanisms of tooth agenesis is essential to improve diagnosis, develop customized therapies, and enhance patients' quality of life. Continuous research is critical to establish genetic-based therapeutic innovations.
Population comparison of facial soft tissue thickness.
Kalafutová S, Chmelík M, Gaľová J … +1 more , Petrejčíková E
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39644716 · Publisher ↗
The thickness of the face's soft tissue has been widely measured through different populations around the world. In this study, we gathered and compared multiple measurements including our study group. We set the variabl...
The thickness of the face's soft tissue has been widely measured through different populations around the world. In this study, we gathered and compared multiple measurements including our study group. We set the variables and included studies in which only females with normal values of BMI, age from 18 to 30years old were studied, and we included research with more than 10 study participants. We gathered 32 various studies and tested them with Kruskal-Wallis's test in RStudio. Statistical significance in tissue thickness was not confirmed when compared with the results of studies of different populations, which may indicate a greater importance in the bony mass in facial identification.
During the breeding season, lymphocytes assemble into ellipse-shaped clusters in the uropygial gland of the jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos.
Hirao AJ, Aoyama M, Sugita S
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39644715 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that the uropygial gland produces intraspecific chemosensory cues. The jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos, which is a type of passerine, exhibits extreme morphological variation in the g...
BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that the uropygial gland produces intraspecific chemosensory cues. The jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos, which is a type of passerine, exhibits extreme morphological variation in the gonadal gland during the breeding season. Because the uropygial gland of the jungle crow sometimes exhibits morphological changes during the breeding season, we attempted to clarify the morphological changes in the uropygial gland of the jungle crow according to development and season. METHODS: Captured birds were divided into three age groups according to the color of their upper palate: <1 year, 1-2 years, and >2 years old. Paraffin sections of the uropygial gland were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Elastica van Gieson, Giemsa, and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. RESULTS: Sexual dimorphism was not seen in the morphology of the uropygial gland in the jungle crow. However, changes due to growth and season were identified. During the breeding season in birds>2 years old, lymphocytes formed ellipse-shaped clusters around the glandular cavity. These clusters were invaded by collagen fibers from spherical cells. CONCLUSIONS: Collagen fibers, which develop from spherical cells, seem to be related to lymphoid cluster migration. Ellipse-shaped lymphoid clusters may play a crucial role in reproductive behavior during the breeding season.
Expression of β-catenin and MSX1 proteins during parrot pseudoteeth and goose denticulations and giant filiform papillae's early development.
Louryan S, Duterre M, Vanmuylder N
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39637682 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To use immunohistochemistry to analyse the expression of MSX1 and β-catenin proteins during parrot pseudoteeth development and goose denticulations and giant filiform papillae ontogeny. MATERIAL AND METHODS: E...
OBJECTIVE: To use immunohistochemistry to analyse the expression of MSX1 and β-catenin proteins during parrot pseudoteeth development and goose denticulations and giant filiform papillae ontogeny. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eggs were purchased from stockbreeders. Embryos from selected stages were removed and sliced. Immunohistochemistry using anti-MSX1 and anti-β-catenin antibodies was performed and the results were compared with each other. RESULTS: For each protein, the staining predominated in the epithelial layer, with sparser labelling in the subjacent mesenchyme. Despite the unequal chronology of every appendage, the labelling became maximal around stage 40. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the overall pattern of labelling was similar in the three appendages, several differences were observed. These structures can be considered as homologous but not strictly similar. They are odontode derivatives, with different growing mechanisms. MSX1is considered as characteristic of progress zones and areas of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (as β-catenin) and is closely associated with β-catenin in several models. Our observations were consistent with these features, and pseudoteeth and denticulations were found to differ from true teeth in their mechanism of development: evagination vs invagination. In true tooth germs, MSX1 express mainly in the mesenchyme. In conclusion, our findings do reinforce the homologies between all these appendages but also reveal a key difference between the development of tooth germs, pseudoteeth and denticulations. Our findings also suggest that tongue papillae differ from pseudoteeth appendages in several growing mechanisms despite the similarities found between the two.
The posterior condylar canal: An anatomical study on dry human skulls.
Shmarhalov A, Helu A, Wsolova L … +5 more , Ikramov V, Vovk O, Shmarhalova K, Polak S, Malakhov S
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39616859 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The human skull contains various foramina, including the posterior condylar canal (PCC), which allows the passage of emissary veins. The PCC connects the jugular foramen to the condylar fossa and facilitates...
BACKGROUND: The human skull contains various foramina, including the posterior condylar canal (PCC), which allows the passage of emissary veins. The PCC connects the jugular foramen to the condylar fossa and facilitates venous drainage between the jugular bulb and suboccipital venous plexus. Due to its variable size and location, the PCC can be mistaken for pathological structures, posing challenges during neurosurgical procedures. While the transcondylar approach has gained popularity in craniovertebral surgeries, limited research exists on PCC variations. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PCC in the dry adult human skulls and to study their morphology due to its clinical importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 52 well-preserved dry adult human skulls. Skulls with pathological changes or deformities were excluded. The presence, openness, and length of the PCC, as well as the external and internal diameters of the foramina, were assessed using Kerr endodontic files and measured with digital Vernier caliper. Conventional statistical methods were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: Among 52 skulls, 98.1% (n=51) had visible PCCs, with 84.6% (n=44) showing bilateral and 13.5% (n=7) unilateral presence. The mean PCC length was 11.8±2.9mm on the right and 11.5±2.8mm on the left, with no significant difference between sides (P=0.96). External diameters averaged 3.9±1.7mm (right) and 3.4±1.2mm (left), and internal diameters were 5.0±1.7mm (right) and 4.8±1.5mm (left), with no statistical difference (P>0.24). Most PCC openings were medium-sized (2-5mm) while large (>5mm) and small (<2mm) orifices were less common. CONCLUSIONS: The PCC was found to be highly prevalent, predominantly bilaterally, with most openings exhibiting medium sizes. These findings highlight the PCC's anatomical significance and its relevance in radiology and surgical procedures involving the occipital condyle and jugular foramen.
Bilateral variation of the stylohyoid muscle in a female cadaver.
Depp RM, Irish M, Schag E … +2 more , Patel D, Olson RA
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39615186 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Macropolycytes as a sepsis biomarker.
Barros Pinto MP
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39522320 · Publisher ↗
A 16-year-old male patient who underwent a kidney transplant developed a septic shock. A full blood count (FBC) was performed and the presence of monocytosis in the automatic FBC, the overlap between neutrophils and mono...
A 16-year-old male patient who underwent a kidney transplant developed a septic shock. A full blood count (FBC) was performed and the presence of monocytosis in the automatic FBC, the overlap between neutrophils and monocytes in the WBC scatter plot, and a "MO blast" flag triggered by the analyzer, led to a peripheral blood film (PBF). PBF revealed the presence of macropolycytes that were erroneously count as monocytes by the analyzer. Macropolycytes can play an important role as a sepsis biomarker.
Unveiling complexity: A detailed case report on type 1 diabetes and its rare camptodactyly complication.
Donati D, Lando M, Caselgrandi F … +3 more , Boccolari P, Vita F, Tedeschi R
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39515123 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: This case presents a unique scenario of bilateral camptodactyly in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, shedding light on an uncommon musculoskeletal complication. It contributes to the scientific liter...
INTRODUCTION: This case presents a unique scenario of bilateral camptodactyly in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, shedding light on an uncommon musculoskeletal complication. It contributes to the scientific literature by exploring the intricate relationship between diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and comprehensive management strategies. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient, a 34-year-old with longstanding type 1 diabetes, exhibits progressive bilateral camptodactyly, accompanied by peripheral neuropathy and bilateral cataracts. Key clinical findings include permanent flexion deformities of the proximal interphalangeal joints, positive Phalen's and Tinel's signs, and reduced grip strength, highlighting the complex nature of the musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The main diagnoses in this case involve type 1 diabetes mellitus, bilateral camptodactyly, peripheral neuropathy, and potential genetic predisposition to Fabry disease. Therapeutic interventions include insulin therapy for diabetes management, pharmacological interventions for dyslipidemia, surgical intervention for cataracts, and conservative measures such as splinting and occupational therapy for camptodactyly. Despite some stabilization in glycemic control, the patient's hand deformities show limited improvement, emphasizing the challenges in managing complex musculoskeletal complications of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The main takeaway from this case is the importance of considering atypical complications in diabetes management and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to address complex clinical presentations. It underscores the need for ongoing research into the diverse effects of diabetes on the musculoskeletal system to enhance patient care and outcomes.
The level of confidence of dentists in identifying intact and sectioned teeth.
Mânica S, Pandey H, Mânica G … +6 more , Qaq R, Capitaneanu C, Nuzzolese E, Shields C, Boyle R, Merdietio Boedi R
Morphologie · 2025 Mar · PMID 39515122 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the confidence levels of dentists in identifying intact and sectioned human teeth and to identify the factors contributing to variations in confidence levels. DESIGN: An anonymous Ji...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the confidence levels of dentists in identifying intact and sectioned human teeth and to identify the factors contributing to variations in confidence levels. DESIGN: An anonymous Jisc e-survey showing 14 questions was sent to dentists worldwide. Apart from acquiring demographic details of the participants, ten three-dimensional (3D) tooth models were presented for tooth identification including the opinion on the level of confidence in identifying. They included seven permanent and three deciduous teeth in intact or sectioned state. The tooth models were created and manipulated using ZBrush software (Maxon Industries, Inc.) and uploaded to the Sketchfab model hosting platform. The accuracy of results was quantitatively analysed in five categories, namely: (I) tooth type, (II) region, (III) tooth classification, (IV) tooth within the same class, and (V) FDI World Dental Federation notation. RESULTS: Most participants received education in dental anatomy at the undergraduate level. No significant differences in accuracy were seen between intact and fractured tooth models. The highest accuracy was seen in Category I (Permanent or Deciduous, 0.74) and the lowest in Category V (FDI Notation, 0.26). The perceived confidence of each participant (total of 56) was seen to have the highest accuracy when the participant opined limited confidence, although with no significant differences for each category (P>0.05). Moreover, the most common error was found in the category II region, where participants could not correctly locate the tooth on the right or left side of the mouth in six 3D tooth models. CONCLUSION: The assessment of intact and sectioned teeth has not presented differences in accuracy. High accuracy was seen when dentists categorised permanent and deciduous teeth. The highest accuracy in results was linked to the limited confidence of dentists but factors contributing to this level of confidence are not clear in this study. More attention should be paid to the dental features that distinguish location on the right or left side of the mouth.
Taking shape: A geometric morphometric analysis of the immature human palate in relation to dental eruption and growth.
Onwochei-Bolum NV, Kramer B, Hutchinson EF
Morphologie · 2023 Oct · PMID 39491423 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The immature human palate functions in suckling and swallowing but transitions to participate in mastication and sound production as the individual grows and matures. Functional alterations manifest as change...
BACKGROUND: The immature human palate functions in suckling and swallowing but transitions to participate in mastication and sound production as the individual grows and matures. Functional alterations manifest as changes in the morphology of the palate and may result from dental eruption. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of dental eruption on morphological changes of the palate in immature individuals using geometric morphometrics. METHODS: Crania from 72 individuals were sourced from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons, University of the Witwatersrand. Age groups corresponding to the eruption of the deciduous (birth - 5 years), mixed (6-12 years) and permanent dentition (13-20 years) respectively were used. Fourteen osteological landmarks were digitised across the oral surface of the palate and were converted into linear distances and 3D wireframes. Data analysis focused on alterations in shape and size relative to the state of the dentition. RESULTS: A significant increase in the geometric mean, length and width was observed between the different states of the dentition. The palate shape was long and narrow in the permanent dentition group, resulting in a more acute angle anteriorly and a protruded orale. A protrusion of the staphylion and deeper palatal dome and change in the horizontal alignment of the alveolar region were also observed in the permanent dentition group. CONCLUSION: The subtle changes identified in the growing palate during different stages of the dentition may assist forensic scientists during detailed case analysis.
Histopathological manifestations of liver tissue affected by heated and unheated palm oil in male Wistar rats.
Ahookhash M, Moradi M, Zhaleh M
Morphologie · 2024 Dec · PMID 39388835 · Publisher ↗
Palm oil is the most widely used type of oil in the world, which is oxidized by exposure to heat and leads to damage to body tissues and the creation of free fatty acids. This study aimed to show the harm of palm oil in...
Palm oil is the most widely used type of oil in the world, which is oxidized by exposure to heat and leads to damage to body tissues and the creation of free fatty acids. This study aimed to show the harm of palm oil in both heated and non-heated states on liver tissue. For this purpose, twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated for 90days as follows: control (rats treated with their normal chew), palm oil (rats treated with 7.5% w/w of palm oil added to their normal chew), and heated palm oil (rats treated with 7.5% w/w of palm oil into their normal chew, which had been heated repeatedly 10 times at 180°C for 10min). After experimental treatments, the animals were euthanized. Liver samples were collected for histopathological assessment by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In the groups treated with heated and unheated palm oil, In the groups that were treated with heated and unheated palm oil, the accumulation of fat droplets in hepatocytes, their ballooning and the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the hepatocytes were observed in different proportions. Histological evidence is an indication that heated and unheated palm oils can cause various degrees of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, palm oil consumption, especially when heated, may not be completely safe.
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