Asghar A, Naaz S, Ansari S
… +2 more, Kumar A, Singh V
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35697557
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UNLABELLED: The cross-section area is a crucial parameter to assess peripheral neuropathy. The ultrasonographic evaluation of cross-section area of median nerve is a low-cost and readily available tool for diagnosis and...UNLABELLED: The cross-section area is a crucial parameter to assess peripheral neuropathy. The ultrasonographic evaluation of cross-section area of median nerve is a low-cost and readily available tool for diagnosis and assessment. However, the intra-nerve dimensional variability and its normative reference value in a healthy subject are missing. The current meta-analysis aims to capture the median nerve cross-section area for healthy subjects and generate a comprehensive ultrasonographic reference data set for each population. METHODS: The full text of manuscripts were collected after short-listing the abstracts collected from search strategy. A quality assurance tool was used to capture the risk of bias of each study after reviewing the included manuscripts. The pooled estimate of cross-section area was stratified according to anatomical landmarks, sex, and ancestry. RESULTS: A total of 97 observational studies dealt with 6679 wrists of healthy subjects were included. The pooled estimate of the cross-section area of median nerve at carpal tunnel inlet was 8.54mm [95% CI: 8.34-8.74mm]. The same pooled estimate at carpal tunnel outlet was 8.03mm [95% CI: 7.46-8.60mm]. Both these pooled estimates have significant correlation with mean age of population. Age and sex were two primary predictors of the cross-section of median nerve. The flattening ratio, circularity, and wrist-forearm ratio of median nerve were also computed. CONCLUSION: These normative data could serve as a reference for assessing median nerve pathologies, including carpal tunnel syndrome. The ethnic variation of pooled estimate and heterogeneity will guide clinician set up the reference value for diagnostic criteria.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35691788
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Lead toxicity remains one of the most important occupational and environmental health problems with characteristic features that are incompatible with life. Considering the foregoing, we investigated the ameliorative pot...Lead toxicity remains one of the most important occupational and environmental health problems with characteristic features that are incompatible with life. Considering the foregoing, we investigated the ameliorative potentials of Morinda lucida stem bark (MLSB) extract on lead nitrate-induced hepatic injury with particular emphasis on its effects on the pattern and extent of lead nitrate toxicity. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=6). Normal control group received 2.2mL/kg distilled water only for 4 weeks while hepatic injury was induced by 2-week oral administration of 30mg/kg lead nitrate to experimental rats in the remaining five groups. Following induction, test groups were treated with MLSB for another 2 weeks at 100, 250, and 500mg/kg concentrations respectively while silymarin was administered orally for 2 weeks to positive control group. At the end of the study, serum activities of liver function enzymes and tissue levels of malondialdehyde were determined. Patterns and extent of injury were determined in hematoxylin and eosin-stained section. The result revealed a significant reduction in sera levels of liver function enzymes and tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in extract treated groups. Lead nitrate-induced necrotic changes and other deranged features observed in histological sections were multifocal and they span through multiple zones of hepatic acini (panacinar), MLSB at 250mg/kg concentration reversed by some of these effects. The study concluded that ameliorative property of MLSB could be due to the antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties of its phenolic compounds.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35676184
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Crystalline inclusions in lymphocytes are unusual in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. They represent crystallized immunoglobulin (most frequently IgM-lambda) and their recognition facilitates the diagnosis of a lymphoprolif...Crystalline inclusions in lymphocytes are unusual in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. They represent crystallized immunoglobulin (most frequently IgM-lambda) and their recognition facilitates the diagnosis of a lymphoproliferative disorder.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35659717
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PURPOSE: Cadaver education in anatomy is one of the cornerstones of medical school education. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the importance of cadaver education from the students' point of view by exam...PURPOSE: Cadaver education in anatomy is one of the cornerstones of medical school education. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the importance of cadaver education from the students' point of view by examining the effect of cadaver education on learning the anatomy course. In this study, the perspectives of second-term medical students who received or did not receive anatomy education with cadavers, on cadavers and on anatomy education with cadavers were investigated. METHODS: The study was carried out with a total of 116 (66 females and 50 males) second-term medical faculty students. Participants were divided into 2 groups; the first group (n=56) consisted of students who learned anatomy with cadavers, while the second group (n=60) included students who had never seen a cadaver and learned anatomy through atlas and models. RESULTS: As a result, it was determined that the students in both groups thought that there should be cadavers in anatomy education and education with cadavers would accelerate and facilitate the learning process of anatomy. It was also determined that, the students who received anatomy education with cadaver were psychologically affected by the cadaver compared to those who did not, and they thought that the cadaver was less effective in gaining a physician identity (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: When the results of the study are evaluated, it is revealed that the anatomy course is difficult, but the education given on the cadaver significantly facilitates learning and makes it more attractive.
Adelakun SA, Akintunde OW, Ogunlade B
… +1 more, Adeyeluwa BE
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35659716
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BACKGROUND: This study examine the histochemical and histomorphological effect of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methyl sulfonyl butane (SFN) on cisplatin (CP) induced testicular alteration and cholesterol homeostasis. MATERIALS AND...BACKGROUND: This study examine the histochemical and histomorphological effect of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methyl sulfonyl butane (SFN) on cisplatin (CP) induced testicular alteration and cholesterol homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into nine groups of ten (n=10) rats each. Group A (control) received normal saline, group B received a single dose of 10mg/Kg body weight (bwt) CP (i.p.), group C received 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group D received 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group E received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group F received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group G received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 50mg/Kg bwt vitamin C, group H received 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN and 10mg/Kg bwt CP, group I received 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN and 10mg/Kg bwt CP. The procedure lasted for 56 days. Testicular histomorphology and histochemistry, testicular testosterone, sperm parameters, total antioxidant status (TSA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and serum lipid profile were examined. RESULTS: Cisplatin decrease intra-testicular testosterone, sperm quality, and expression of glycogen and increases testicular TOS and OSI, serum lipid profile, collagen, and disruption of germinal epithelium. However, the intervention of SFN reversed the effect of CP on testes' weight and volume, DSP, ESP, testosterone production, TAS, TOS, and OSI. Histoarchitectecture showing normal seminiferous tubules and even distribution of glycogen and collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: Treatment with SFN ameliorate CP-induced testicular toxicity by reversing the cytotoxic mechanisms of CP.
Chytas D, Salmas M, Paraskevas G
… +4 more, Demesticha T, Kefaliakos A, Stavroulakis A, Noussios G
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35659715
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PURPOSE: The educational use of gestures has resulted in positive outcomes in several fields. We performed a literature review to investigate the outcomes of the use of gestures to enhance the existing anatomy education...PURPOSE: The educational use of gestures has resulted in positive outcomes in several fields. We performed a literature review to investigate the outcomes of the use of gestures to enhance the existing anatomy education methods. METHODS: PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC and Cochrane databases were searched for papers with purpose to investigate the outcomes of the use of gestures (either seeing or performing them or both) as adjuncts to existing anatomy education methods. RESULTS: Six articles were included. Three studies comprised both seeing and performing gestures by the students, while the remaining three studies only comprised either seeing or performing gestures by the students. Most studies evaluated the acquisition of anatomical knowledge after the educational intervention and demonstrated that the addition of gestures resulted in significant benefit compared to control groups, while positive students' perceptions were recorded. It was not clarified whether seeing or performing gestures by the students leads to better educational outcomes. CONCLUSION: Gestures-enhanced anatomy education seems to be a promising teaching strategy, given that it has led to significantly increased acquisition of anatomical knowledge compared to no gestures-enhanced modalities. The addition of gestures to existing anatomy education modalities seems able to increase their potential without increasing their cost. Further research is needed to determine if seeing or performing gestures by the students is more effective.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35606281
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Here is reported the case of an adult patient with ethylic cirrhosis associated with spur cell anemia. Moreover, acute vacuolation of leukocytes was observed in relationship with recent binge drinking.Here is reported the case of an adult patient with ethylic cirrhosis associated with spur cell anemia. Moreover, acute vacuolation of leukocytes was observed in relationship with recent binge drinking.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35599205
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Vermiform appendix is a highly variable organ, which is an enigma to the surgeon in terms of its position, size and symptoms. Attachment of its tip to the surrounding organs is relatively rare. Here we present a rare var...Vermiform appendix is a highly variable organ, which is an enigma to the surgeon in terms of its position, size and symptoms. Attachment of its tip to the surrounding organs is relatively rare. Here we present a rare variation of vermiform appendix. The appendix was 12cm long and was in retrocecal and retrocolic position. Its tip was attached to the right lobe of the liver through a fibrous band which was 2cm long. This variation might pose difficulties in appendicular resection, renal and hepatic surgeries.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35277339
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BACKGROUND: The canine fossa, a depression on the surface of the maxillary bone, is important clinically due to the nexus of the neurovascular elements which occur in this region and supply the superficial and deep struc...BACKGROUND: The canine fossa, a depression on the surface of the maxillary bone, is important clinically due to the nexus of the neurovascular elements which occur in this region and supply the superficial and deep structures of the face. While it is known that there is much variation in the neurovascular structures of this region, little is known about sex differences. The aim of this study was to investigate and map the neurovascular branching within the region of the canine fossa of a South African population, with particular reference to any sex differences. METHODS: Sixty hemifaces (n=30 female; n=30 male) of individuals between the ages of 40 and 100years were dissected. The origin, number of branches, connections between branches, origin of connecting branches and the distribution of the neurovascular structures associated with the mid-facial and canine fossa regions were documented. The data obtained was qualitative and was statistically analysed with SPSS v26 statistical analysis software. Frequency and contingency tables, along with Chi-squared analysis and Fischer's Exact test, were used for quantitative data analysis. RESULTS: While high levels of variation in the neurovascular elements were documented, there was no statistically significant variation between the sexes. A sex variation was only observed for the terminal branches of CN VII with females displaying a lower number of buccal nerve terminal branches than males. CONCLUSION: While only one sex difference of significance was found in the highly variable neurovascular structures resident in the region of the canine fossa, the variability of the neurovascular elements is of importance to surgeons.
Syed A, Olewnik Ł, Georgiev GP
… +3 more, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35241388
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Variations at the skull base can result in misinterpretation of radiological imaging and occasionally, iatrogenic injury. Here, we describe, to our knowledge, the second reported case of a duplicated foramen rotundum. Th...Variations at the skull base can result in misinterpretation of radiological imaging and occasionally, iatrogenic injury. Here, we describe, to our knowledge, the second reported case of a duplicated foramen rotundum. The morphometrics of this finding are documented and the anatomy and potential clinical consequences of such an anatomical variation discussed. Such a finding is of archival value. Additionally, foramen rotundum duplication such as found in our case might also lead to complications while using, for example, transsphenoid approaches to the middle cranial fossa as well as various transfacial treatments for trigeminal neuralgia which rely on observing the foramina around the foramen ovale on fluoroscopy for correct positioning of needles and catheters.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35184941
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PURPOSE: In this study, the purpose was to uncover the views of medical students about online anatomy education adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic period. It was also aimed to determine whether medical school students...PURPOSE: In this study, the purpose was to uncover the views of medical students about online anatomy education adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic period. It was also aimed to determine whether medical school students found online education suitable for anatomy lectures and which materials they desired to use during teaching anatomy practice lectures in this process. METHODS: A survey form that was prepared with the Google Survey application was administered to the Medical Faculty Term 1 and 2 students who received anatomy courses at Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. RESULTS: A total of 180 students, 53.89% of whom were 1st graders and 46.11% 2nd graders participated in the study, and 43.89% of the students stated that they found online education suitable for anatomy theoretical courses, and 12.78% for anatomy practice courses. Also, 43.75% of Term 1 and 41.77% of Term 2 students stated that the pandemic negatively affected the teaching of anatomy theoretical courses. It was found that students considered that anatomy practice courses were more affected by the pandemic before and during the pandemic (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovered that the pandemic process negatively affected anatomy education and students made more use of face-to-face education. We believe that the results obtained in the study will shed light on the views of anatomists on the teaching of anatomy in the online education process.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35148950
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Omohyoid muscle is one of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck which consists of two bellies combined at an angle by an intermediate tendon. The inferior belly is a flat, narrow band, which inclines forwards and upwards in...Omohyoid muscle is one of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck which consists of two bellies combined at an angle by an intermediate tendon. The inferior belly is a flat, narrow band, which inclines forwards and upwards in the lower part of the neck. It generally originates from the upper border of the scapula, medial to scapular notch. The present case showed unilateral anomalous attachment of the inferior belly of the omohyoid on the medial part of clavicle on left side. Inferior belly was 2.2cm lateral to left sternoclavicular joint with 3.2 and 1.5cm in length and breadth, innervated by ansa cervicalis. Only 3% of this type of variation has been observed until now according to previous literature. Anterior and posterior triangles of neck on both sides of the cadaver were dissected during routine dissection for undergraduate teaching. There was no scapular attachment of inferior belly of the omohyoid on the left side. It was directly originating from the upper surface of the medial side of the left clavicle. Variation in the attachment of inferior belly can have a direct impact on the internal jugular vein and brachial plexus during neck surgeries or trauma due to its close relation to the mentioned structures. This variation should also be taken care during infrahyoid myocutaneus flap extraction for reconstruction surgery of tongue in cases of lingual carcinoma.
Chytas D, Salmas M, Noussios G
… +4 more, Paraskevas G, Protogerou V, Demesticha T, Vassiou A
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 35135673
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PURPOSE: The anatomy education literature suggests blended-learning approaches as more effective. We performed a literature review to answer the question if virtual dissection tables can play a significant role as supple...PURPOSE: The anatomy education literature suggests blended-learning approaches as more effective. We performed a literature review to answer the question if virtual dissection tables can play a significant role as supplements to traditional cadaver-based anatomy education methods. METHODS: PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC and Cochrane databases were searched for articles with purpose to explore the outcomes of the use of virtual dissection tables in conjunction with cadaver-based anatomy education. RESULTS: Six articles were included. Three articles were comparative and comprised evaluation of participants' anatomy examinations results. Three articles were non-comparative and comprised only evaluation of participants' opinions about the educational intervention. In all studies, the participants expressed satisfaction about the educational value of this intervention, while the data about anatomy examinations' results suggest that virtual dissection tables may also enhance students' academic performance, when they are used in conjunction with cadavers. CONCLUSION: Virtual dissection tables seem to do have a role in modern blended-learning anatomy curricula and could essentially supplement the educational power of cadaver-based methods. Our findings may stimulate further implementation of virtual dissection tables as supplementary tools to cadaver-based anatomy education.
Morphologie
· 2023 Mar · PMID 34953680
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Veterinary medicine was recognized as a scientific discipline for the first time in 1762 in France. After a while, the first Ottoman-Turkish veterinary school was established in 1842, primarily for the improvement and we...Veterinary medicine was recognized as a scientific discipline for the first time in 1762 in France. After a while, the first Ottoman-Turkish veterinary school was established in 1842, primarily for the improvement and welfare of army horses. There is not much detailed information about the content of the anatomy education and materials in the early days of veterinary schools apart from the anecdote that Gurlt's illustrated anatomy books were being used. The purpose of this study is to research anatomy education in the 19th century, when Ottoman-Turkish veterinary medicine was established, as well as the Papier-mâché models used in anatomy education, searching primary and secondary sources that can be accessed online. It has been determined that the normal and pathological anatomy models of humans and various domestic animals made by Dr. Auzoux were ordered to be used in the anatomy education of the newly established veterinary schools. The whereabouts of these models, which did not reference in publications until now, are unknown. However, examining these models is regarded to be crucial for understanding the veterinary anatomy perspective and educational content of the period.
Morphologie
· 2022 Dec · PMID 34933787
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The present study provides the ultrastructure of the pneumocytes types II and I in piglets living in the trash environment. Samples of the lungs of twelve piglets two months old were used. By light microscopy, the pneumo...The present study provides the ultrastructure of the pneumocytes types II and I in piglets living in the trash environment. Samples of the lungs of twelve piglets two months old were used. By light microscopy, the pneumocytes type I were squamous and somewhat flattened cells, while pneumocytes type II was cuboidal to spherical projected within the alveolar lumen and characterized by a spherical nucleus and foamy cytoplasm, it contained vacuolated bodies that were polygonal with variable size manly at the poles of the cell. The electron microscopy investigation showed blood air barrier between the endothelial lining of pneumocytes type I and therefore the endothelial lining of blood capillary and their nucleus were irregular in shape varied from nearly irregular triangular to polygon rough endoplasmic reticulum represented at their cytoplasm. The pneumocytes type II were frequently covered by pneumocytes type I extensions and united to them by a tight junction. It had been characterized by a high number of mitochondria within the cytoplasm and vacuolated bodies encircled the nucleus and at the two extremities of the cell. The lamellar vacuolated bodies were connected to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and therefore the intravascular macrophages were attached to the endothelial cells within the pulmonary capillaries until two months old piglets. The occurrence of the intravascular macrophages could be attributed to the higher resistance to the respiratory diseases of the piglets.
Bertho S, Neyroud AS, Brun T
… +3 more, Jaillard S, Bonnet F, Ravel C
Morphologie
· 2022 Dec · PMID 34924282
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The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the TGFb superfamily implicated in human embryonic development. This hormone was first described as allowing regression of the epithelial embr...The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the TGFb superfamily implicated in human embryonic development. This hormone was first described as allowing regression of the epithelial embryonic Müllerian structures in males, which would otherwise differentiate into the uterus and fallopian tubes. It activates a signaling pathway mediated by two transmembrane receptors. Binding of AMH to its receptor induces morphological changes leading to the degeneration of Müllerian ducts. Recently, new data has shown the role played by this hormone on structures other than the genital tract. If testicular AMH expression decreases in humans over the course of a lifetime, synthesis may persist in other tissues in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying its production have been unveiled. The aim of this review is to describe the different pathways in which AMH has been identified and plays a pivotal role.
Djembi YR, Benkhadra M, Abiome R
… +4 more, Bayonne Manou LM, Trouilloud P, Guillier D, Cheynel N
Morphologie
· 2022 Dec · PMID 34896023
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INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the human body is based on teaching and research. Anatomy remains an essential prerequisite for medical personnel to know the human body. The idea of Thiel's technique is to preserve the natura...INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the human body is based on teaching and research. Anatomy remains an essential prerequisite for medical personnel to know the human body. The idea of Thiel's technique is to preserve the natural texture, volume, color and shape of the body. The objective of this study was to analyze a literature review of this technique from the perspective of anatomy teaching and biomechanical research. METHOD: We have taken up the process of Thiel's method from the original publication, stating the known applications of this technique in teaching and research. We have integrated into our study the specific advantages of using bodies preserved by this method in intertropical countries with a warm climate: the example of Gabon. DISCUSSION: Biomechanical research and teaching of medical and surgical sciences are regularly performed on human cadavers. Anatomical dissection therefore represents one of the main activities of anatomy laboratories. We have limited our analysis to aspects of anatomy teaching, research, and clinical and surgical practice. CONCLUSION: We have sought to popularize the Thiel body preservation technique. It offers many advantages. Teaching and research on human cadavers preserved by this method is an educational alternative. The simulation centre creates the conditions of a surgical block for the learners. We recommend this technique to anatomists and clinicians. This technique seems to be very interesting for structures with a limited number of bodies.
Morphologie
· 2022 Dec · PMID 34801386
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Though injuries to the distal tibiofibular (DTF) syndesmosis are commonly encountered in orthopedic and trauma settings, its anatomical structures have been poorly researched. The commonly overlooked DTF ligament injurie...Though injuries to the distal tibiofibular (DTF) syndesmosis are commonly encountered in orthopedic and trauma settings, its anatomical structures have been poorly researched. The commonly overlooked DTF ligament injuries are known to cause chronic ankle pain, instability and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Quantitative and morphological evidence synthesis has not been yet conducted. A meta-analysis was conducted to collect data from morphological studies to document more accurate details on the prevalence, size, and insertion sites of its components. The Checklist for Anatomical Reviews and Meta-Analyses (CARMA) was followed. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 265 investigated ankles. The analysis demonstrated that the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments along with the interosseous ligament were present in 100% of joints. The inferior transverse tibiofibular and the distal fascicle of the anterior tibiofibular ligament were the least prevalent with frequencies of 96% and 86.5%, respectively. The inferior transverse ligament was recorded as the longest ligament. The widest ligament was found to be the interosseous tibiofibular ligament at its fibular attachment. The thickest of the ligamentous components was the posterior tibiofibular ligament. While more cadaveric research is warranted, these results would help directing future biomechanical investigations and planning new research to further aid in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the injuries of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.