Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia[JOURNAL]

BACKGROUND: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with the skin being the most commonly affected organ. However, its risk factors remain poorly def... BACKGROUND: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with the skin being the most commonly affected organ. However, its risk factors remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors associated with chronic cutaneous GVHD (ccGVHD) in a children's hospital in Chile. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined children under 18-years who underwent HSCT between 2007 and 2017, with a follow-up period of at least 2-years. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: 150 children with HSCT were included with a median age of 7.3 (3.7‒10.6) years. 17.3% of the children developed ccGVHD, with a median onset after HSCT of 8 (4‒11) months. In the univariate analysis, patients with ccGVHD were significantly older at transplantation, with a higher proportion of bone marrow as graft source, related donor, and acute GVHD compared to those who did not develop ccGVHD (for all p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the main risk factors were male sex (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.51), total body irradiation as conditioning regimen (HR = 3.53), and bone marrow as graft source (HR = 7.28). STUDY LIMITATIONS: Its retrospective, single-center design may reduce generalizability and introduce selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the largest series of ccGVHD in children. Early identification of patients at higher risk of ccGVHD allows for timely initiation of treatment, thereby reducing the morbidity associated with this debilitating complication.

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Durvalumab-induced lichenoid eruption: expanding a rarely recognized adverse event and review of the literature.

García-Moronta C, Muñoz-Barba D, León-Pérez FJ … +3 more , Ramos-Pleguezuelos FM, Sánchez-Díaz M, Arias-Santiago S

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875730 · Full text

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Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Report of three cases.

Vargas-Mora P, Vera-Santis G, Godoy-Sánchez D … +3 more , Yagnam-Díaz M, Luzoro-Vial A, Baksai-Elespuru K

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875729 · Full text

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Improvement of psoriasis with ruxolitinib in a patient with myeloproliferative neoplasm: a therapeutic observation.

Gomide LV, Ribeiro AMQ

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875728 · Full text

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Lichen planopilaris versus frontal fibrosing alopecia: histopathologically distinct diseases or not?

Özcan D, Seçkin D, Güleç AT … +1 more , Özen Ö

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875727 · Full text

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JAK inhibitors in livedoid vasculopathy associated with thrombophilia and refractory to anticoagulation: report and literature review.

Criado GJ, Criado PR, Lorenzini D … +1 more , Miot HA

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875726 · Full text

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Refractory linear IgA dermatosis in childhood: a successful response to rituximab.

Wakisaka PS, Lima Rodrigues LMC, Miyamoto D … +3 more , Maruta CW, Santi CG, Aoki V

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875725 · Full text

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Oral paracoccidioidomycosis in a young male from northeastern Brazil, a non-endemic region.

Sampaio GC, Carvalho MV, Cunha JDS … +3 more , de Andrade BAB, Mesquita RA, de Arruda JAA

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875724 · Full text

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Genital pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma: case report and literature review.

de la Iglesia-Martin J, Fuertes de Vega I, Toll-Abello A … +2 more , Catala-Gonzalo A, Albero-Gonzalez R

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41875723 · Full text

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Laboratory and functional tests in leprosy diagnosis: a practical guide for clinical decision-making.

Fróes LAR, Sotto MN, Avancini J … +2 more , Garbino JA, Trindade MÂB

An Bras Dermatol · 2026 · PMID 41863863 · Full text

Early diagnosis of leprosy remains primarily clinical, based on recognition of skin lesions with altered sensation and peripheral nerve involvement. However, complementary tests play crucial roles in confirming uncertain... Early diagnosis of leprosy remains primarily clinical, based on recognition of skin lesions with altered sensation and peripheral nerve involvement. However, complementary tests play crucial roles in confirming uncertain cases, guiding operational classification, detecting subclinical neural involvement, and distinguishing late reactions from relapse. This review synthesizes the practical application of diagnostic methods available to dermatologists. Slit-skin smear microscopy demonstrates high specificity but limited sensitivity in paucibacillary forms, while histopathology reveals the characteristic immunopathological spectrum, with perineural acid-fast bacilli being pathognomonic for leprosy. Molecular detection by PCR enhances diagnosis in paucibacillary cases (34%‒80% sensitivity) but cannot distinguish viable from non-viable bacilli, limiting its utility in post-treatment assessment. Anti-PGL-1 serology aids contact surveillance, with seropositive individuals showing 3.5-fold increased risk of developing disease, though sensitivity remains below 30% in tuberculoid forms. For neural evaluation, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing provides a standardized tactile threshold assessment, while the histamine test maps autonomic dysfunction, particularly valuable in indeterminate forms. Electrodiagnostic studies reveal early subclinical changes and monitor reaction-related neural deterioration. Peripheral nerve ultrasonography demonstrates superior sensitivity over palpation for detecting thickening (97.4% vs. 30% concordance) and identifies inflammatory activity through Doppler assessment. When evaluating post-treatment complications, an integrated approach combining bacteriological index trajectory, histopathological patterns, PCR cycle threshold values, and serological trends enables reliable differentiation between therapeutic failure, late reactions, and relapse. No single laboratory test confirms early leprosy in isolation; clinical dermato-neurological expertise remains paramount, with complementary tests interpreted within the epidemiological context to optimize diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decisions.

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Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia[JOURNAL]

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