Recent Patents On Biotechnology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Effect of Kaempferol against Biofilm Formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.
Abd Allah RH, Samir S, Nasr SM … +1 more , Ibrahim MK
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40814887 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Biofilm production is a key factor in the development of antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a significant contributor to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs...
BACKGROUND: Biofilm production is a key factor in the development of antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a significant contributor to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Kaempferol, a flavonoid, is widely recognized for its ability to combat various microorganisms. AIM: Our goal is to assess the impact of kaempferol on K. pneumoniae biofilms by determining the level of gene expression for the biofilm-forming genes. METHODS: Fifty K. pneumoniae isolates were studied. Different doses of kaempferol with a concentration range of 0.04 to 100% in Luria Bertani broth (LB) medium were incubated at 37℃ for 24 h with forty-three K. pneumoniae strong and intermediate biofilm producers. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of kaempferol was determined. Molecular detection of the biofilm-forming genes (mrkA, pgaA, wbbM, and wzm) was performed on all isolates before and after kaempferol treatment at 0.5 x MIC. RESULTS: Seven isolates out of 50 (14%) exhibited weak biofilm formation ability, 6 out of 50 (12%) were moderate producers, and 37 out of 50 (74%) were strong producers. The MIC values of kaempferol for K. pneumoniae ranged from 50% to 6.25% (p = 0.0003). The levels of expression of the studied genes were slightly decreased after treatment compared with their corresponding values before treatment. CONCLUSION: Based on current knowledge, few research studies have investigated the impact of kaempferol on K. pneumoniae biofilms. Our results show that its effect on the biofilms of this bacterium is moderate to weak. Further research is necessary to determine potential synergies with other treatments.
Assessment of Blockchain Technology in the Improvement of Supply Chain Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Kumar D, Tanwar R, Mahapatra DK … +3 more , Lohan N, Dahiya G, Jain D
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40734445 · Publisher ↗
Blockchain technology has drawn a lot of interest in the healthcare industry in recent years. Efficient data management is crucial for pharmacies. Blockchain technology is a novel technology that has the potential to mak...
Blockchain technology has drawn a lot of interest in the healthcare industry in recent years. Efficient data management is crucial for pharmacies. Blockchain technology is a novel technology that has the potential to make many pharmaceutical processes safer and more transparent. In 2013, the US Congress created the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) to prevent the distribution of stolen, contaminated, or counterfeit drugs. Blockchain technology serves as an answer to this problem as it enables the tracking and tracing the product from manufacturer to patient through an electronic, immutable, digitized tracking record of all steps from inventory to consumer in the drug supply chain. To ensure the safety of a peer-to-peer network of transactions, blockchain technology employs cryptographic methods to create a distributed ledger that is not centralized. Incorporating it into a product ensures its safety and marketability. Blockchain technology offers solutions to enhance the validity, reliability, and efficiency of medication manufacturing by facilitating easy compliance with legislation. Additionally, it offers an opportunity to address a major problem: the proliferation of counterfeit drugs that enter the system and ultimately reach consumers. The pharmaceutical industry's deficient supply chain management results in counterfeit and fake drug entering the supply chain and negatively affecting patients' health, leading to serious complications or even death. Supply chain management may benefit from blockchain technology's transparency and immutability at every step of the process, which increases confidence, security, traceability, and transparency. Blockchain technology, designed to manage electronic data, holds promise for enhancing clarity. Every user of a computer network has access to the same immutable record of transactions known as a blockchain. Patent innovations have significant implications for pharmaceutical patent protection, supply chain transparency, and counterfeit prevention.
Recent Patents of Stent Grafts for Intravascular Aortic Repair.
Wang Y, Zhang Y
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40708516 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Endovascular aortic repair involves the placement of stents through minimally invasive methods to seal rupture sites near the aortic inflow tract, thereby preventing blood entry into the false lumen and pro...
INTRODUCTION: Endovascular aortic repair involves the placement of stents through minimally invasive methods to seal rupture sites near the aortic inflow tract, thereby preventing blood entry into the false lumen and promoting thrombosis, which reduces the risk of aortic rupture. Endovascular stents typically consist of a metal framework and a flexible membrane graft designed to reopen obstructed aortic segments and maintain blood flow through the true lumen. Consequently, stents are widely used to treat aortic expansion diseases and aortic occlusive stenosis. However, traditional stents have limitations in terms of adaptability to complex anatomical structures, long-term durability, biomechanical stability, and reliance on radial support force for fixation, lacking active fixation mechanisms. These shortcomings remain the primary causes of postoperative complications, significantly impacting the quality of life for patients with aortic dissection. METHODS: Integrating patent and academic literature, the research status of the endovascular stent was discussed in depth, and the main factors for the optimal design of the stent (geometry, pattern configuration, additional fixtures, and optimization methods) were analyzed and summarized according to the complications targeted by the repair device. RESULTS: The composition structure, working principle, and development status of the stent grafts under review are elaborated in detail. Stent grafts attempt to alleviate postoperative complications through three approaches: enhancing the flexibility of the stent framework, improving the fit between the vessel wall and the stent, and reducing vascular injury. Blood flow guiding channels are established to alleviate the obstruction of branch blood flow. Additional self-anchoring devices are added to adapt to the dynamic remodeling of blood vessels. DISCUSSION: The effects of various factors, including geometric parameters, structural design, and parameter optimization techniques, on the optimization of stent primary mechanical performance are discussed. The current research status of functional improvement methods for stents is also summarized. CONCLUSION: Refining the quantitative relationship between stent structural parameters and mechanical performance, as well as exploring the balance criteria between flexibility and radial support force, represent promising directions for future development. These objectives necessitate further in-depth analysis and research.
Technologies for Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs: A Patent Landscape Analysis.
Mallick U, Biswas S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40671227 · Publisher ↗
The horseshoe crab, a Xiphosurid species with an ancient lineage that dates back 450 million years, has proven to be a precious asset to the pharmaceutical industry. The blood extracted from these creatures is an irrepla...
The horseshoe crab, a Xiphosurid species with an ancient lineage that dates back 450 million years, has proven to be a precious asset to the pharmaceutical industry. The blood extracted from these creatures is an irreplaceable component in detecting bacterial endotoxins, crucially important in pharmaceutical and functional settings. Unfortunately, these living ancient organisms are threatened from multiple perspectives and are now considered endangered. While efforts to conserve these creatures are underway, exploring technologies for their conservation can help us understand the latest advancements in the field and shed light on areas that have not yet been targeted. This analytical report is the first of its kind in this domain and provides a comprehensive overview of the available patents associated with the conservation of horseshoe crabs. The analysis is based on an extensive dataset (413) that describes technology for conservation of these living fossils, with a focus on recombinant proteins that can be a viable alternative to the mass utilization of the horseshoe crabs for the extraction of limulus amoebocyte lysate. Other technological advances which advocate cell-free hemolymph production and the use of artificial baits to replace the traditional grassroot practices, procedures related to efficient breeding, growth, hatching and release from artificial culture systems can go a long way in the conservation of these living fossils. Transitioning to recombinant Factor C, a ban on horseshoe crab baits, diversity mapping through genetic markers and artificial breeding techniques are some of the measures that can be manifested at the policy level to enhance conservation efforts.
From Potential to Reality: Unraveling the Factors Limiting the Use of Microalgae as Sustainable Blue Food Protein Sources - A Critical Review.
Schetinger LC, Nörnberg ML, Casagrande do Nascimento T … +2 more , Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40662555 · Publisher ↗
Microalgae are promising and sustainable sources of blue food proteins, offering high nutritional quality, environmental resilience, and the potential to meet the rising demand for alternative proteins. Despite these adv...
Microalgae are promising and sustainable sources of blue food proteins, offering high nutritional quality, environmental resilience, and the potential to meet the rising demand for alternative proteins. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder their large-scale adoption, including production costs, regulatory barriers, protein extraction difficulties, and consumer perception. This review explores the key factors limiting the use of microalgae in the food industry, addressing economic and technological feasibility, regulatory aspects, and consumer acceptance. The analysis includes commonly used microalgae species, their nutritional profiles, and strategies for optimizing their incorporation into food products. Moreover, developing circular biorefineries and utilizing industrial wastewater for cultivation presents a viable solution to reduce costs and enhance sustainability. Additionally, advancements in protein extraction techniques, combined with technological innovations such as microencapsulation, may overcome sensory challenges, expanding consumer acceptance of microalgae-enriched products. Raising consumer awareness of the nutritional and environmental benefits of microalgae is also crucial for market adoption. Given the global need for sustainable food sources, microalgae represent a viable alternative but require scientific, regulatory, and strategic advancements to become a widely adopted solution in the alternative protein industry.
The Effect of Biosurfactant Isolated from Actinobacteria on the bfp Gene Expression of Aeromonas hydrophila, Isolated from Children's Stool Samples.
Ghobadi S, Shakib P, Dirbaziyan A … +1 more , Zargar M
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40641022 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Aeromonas hydrophila, a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, is frequently found in aquatic surroundings and additionally present in drinking water, sewage, and food sources. This microbe is gaining recogni...
INTRODUCTION: Aeromonas hydrophila, a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, is frequently found in aquatic surroundings and additionally present in drinking water, sewage, and food sources. This microbe is gaining recognition as a potential threat to health, classifying it as an emerging pathogen. Biosurfactants are microbial-derived compounds that share hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that are surface active. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biosurfactant isolated from Actinobacteria on the expression of the bfp gene of A. hydrophila isolated from the stool samples of children referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom, Iran, from May 2022 to March 2023. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples of the desert areas of Qom province, Iran. Biochemical and molecular tests of 16S rRNA were used to identify Actinobacteria isolates. The produced biosurfactant was investigated by methods of hemolysis, oil droplet destruction, lipase production, oil expansion, emulsifying activity, and surface tension reduction measurement. The structure of biosurfactant was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and its effect on bfp gene expression was measured. Also, isolates of A. hydrophila were obtained from stool samples of children referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom from May 2022 to March 2023. Then, the effect of a biosurfactant isolated from Actinobacteria on the bfp gene expression of A. hydrophila isolates was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Based on sequencing data, the Streptomyces genus with the ability to produce biosurfactant was isolated from the soil of the studied area, which could reduce the expression of the bfp gene after treatment with biosurfactant in clinical isolates of A. hydrophila. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study show that the desert soils of Qom province are a potential area for finding actinobacterial isolates with the ability to produce biosurfactants and influence the expression of pathogenic genes of clinical isolates of A. hydrophila.
Evaluation of Pharmacognostical and Anti-Ulcer Potential of (L.) Willd Seed in Aspirin-Induced Ulcer Rats.
Bisht N, Jain D, Bainsal N … +1 more , Sharma C
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40611428 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., commonly known as Kalijiri, has been used for the treatment of different ailments, including stomach aches, skin diseases, asthma, and cough, and is popular as a powerful a...
BACKGROUND: Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., commonly known as Kalijiri, has been used for the treatment of different ailments, including stomach aches, skin diseases, asthma, and cough, and is popular as a powerful anthelmintic agent. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters along with the in-vivo antiulcer activity of the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. METHODS: The pharmacognostical evaluation included macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the seed and powder of (L.) Willd. Physicochemical parameters, such as moisture content, ash values, and extractive values, were evaluated, and fluorescence analysis was carried out. Phytochemical screening, including total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC), was conducted, along with antioxidant analysis. The anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds was also evaluated using an aspirin-induced ulcer model by employing multiple biochemical and histopathological assessment parameters. RESULTS: The morphological characteristics of seeds demonstrated that the seed was 0.8-1 cm in length and 0.1-0 in width, with a bitter taste, whereas microscopical findings revealed the presence of pericarp, endosperm, sclerenchymatous zone, parenchymatous zone, bundles of sclereids, seed coat, and prismatic crystals. Moisture content and ash values, including total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash, were approximately 10.05%, 8.50%, 2.06%, and 4.35%, respectively. Extractive values of different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, ethanol, and water) were approximately 16.00%, 15.80%, 2.00%, 7.05%, and 1.06%, respectively. Moreover, fluorescence analysis revealed a characteristic brown colour. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenolic, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, saponins, diterpenes, steroids, and amino acids. The TFC and TPC revealed that the ethanolic extract contained more phenolic content, whereas the aqueous extract contained more flavonoids. The ethanolic extract exhibited 90% DPPH radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, while the aqueous extract showed 85.71% activity at the same concentration. In comparison, ascorbic acid demonstrated 94.32% scavenging activity at 40 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds at doses 200 and 400mg/kg showed a significant decrease in the ulcer index values, gastric volume, and total acidity levels, whereas an increase was observed in the SOD and GSH levels. The extract demonstrated a moderate effect on the levels of Hb and total protein when compared with the disease control group. The histopathological findings revealed the antiulcer potential of ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds at both doses. DISCUSSION: This study confirmed the identity, quality, and bioactive content of V. anthelmintica seeds, highlighting strong antioxidant and significant antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract. The results support traditional use and suggest potential for developing patented herbal formulations, encouraging further research on its therapeutic applications. CONCLUSION: This research plays a crucial role in raising awareness about the gastroprotective potential of V. anthelmintica. It encourages researchers to explore and further investigate its gastroprotective properties across varying doses and alternative screening models other than those used in this study.
Integrating Biosensors in Phytochemical Research: Challenges and Breakthroughs.
Choudhary HR, Kumar BD, Kadiri SK … +2 more , Khobragade DS, Tiwari P
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40598724 · Publisher ↗
Biosensors are devices that generate signals by interaction of biological elements and analytes, mainly based on their concentration. These are especially composed of enzymes or antibodies. They are associated with a phy...
Biosensors are devices that generate signals by interaction of biological elements and analytes, mainly based on their concentration. These are especially composed of enzymes or antibodies. They are associated with a physio-chemical transducer. Their rapid, simple, and real-time detection is of great importance in chemistry, analysis, and drug discovery and development. Phytoconstituents are biologically active compounds mainly synthesized by plants to support their growth and defend against various stresses. Medicinal plants and their products have a vast history of use in traditional medicine, but they are not reliable due to their narrow range and adverse and toxic effects. Moreover, they have vast therapeutic effects on humans, from antibiotics to anti-neoplastic agents. Hence, there is a need for an efficient method to detect and measure these phytoconstituents, and biosensors seem to be the solution. This article provides an overview of various biosensors that can be utilized to identify widely used phytoconstituents, also known as secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The article discusses different types of biosensors, including impedimetric immunosensors, Riboswitch-based biosensors, DNA biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and others. Furthermore, the potential for patentable innovations in biosensor technologies targeting phytoconstituent detection is also highlighted, emphasizing their growing relevance in both scientific research and commercial applications.
Cognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.
Qin Y, Deng X, Zhang S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40539354 · Publisher ↗
As the global population ages, the health of older adults has become a growing concern. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common ailment affecting older adults, but the diagnosis and treatment of AD are difficult given our i...
As the global population ages, the health of older adults has become a growing concern. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common ailment affecting older adults, but the diagnosis and treatment of AD are difficult given our insufficient understanding of the disease. This review article and patents aim to provide reliable information for patients and their families by presenting a detailed overview of the pathogenic factors, diagnostic methods, and clinical manifestation of AD, as well as advances in drug and physical therapies. The information presented here should help provide a more comprehensive understanding of AD for patients and their families and encourage family- or self-screening based on clinical manifestations, thus improving early AD detection. In addition, the current treatment methods for AD are summarized. Although a goldstandard treatment for AD is yet to be developed, controlled-release therapies and medications that slow disease progression or improve cognitive function are available. The appropriate treatment method depends on the patient's diagnosis and the local medical level, and the effectiveness of the treatments may vary. Therefore, improving our understanding of AD and cognition-related symptoms in the public is necessary to improve early AD diagnoses. This review provides information that will facilitate self-screening for AD based on clinical manifestations, which can improve the early clinical diagnosis rate.
Preface.
E Labrou N
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40511802 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Optimized Protocol for Sorghum Regeneration: Enhancing Embryogenic Callus Formation from Immature Inflorescences.
Thaddi BN
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40454511 · Publisher ↗
AIM: This study aims to develop an efficient and reproducible in vitro protocol for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration in multiple sorghum ( L. Moench) cultivars, thereby establ...
AIM: This study aims to develop an efficient and reproducible in vitro protocol for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration in multiple sorghum ( L. Moench) cultivars, thereby establishing a foundation for genetic transformation, mutation breeding, and other biotechnological applications aimed at enhancing sorghum crop improvement and productivity. BACKGROUND: Sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is an important cereal crop known for its adaptability to harsh environments and nutritional value. Despite its significance, sorghum remains challenging for propagation due to difficulties in regenerating callus tissue, especially from monocotyledonous explants. Callus induction and regeneration protocols are crucial for genetic transformation, mutation breeding, and biotechnological applications in sorghum improvement. OBJECTIVE: To establish an effective protocol for callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration using different sorghum cultivars, optimizing conditions for highfrequency embryogenic callus formation and plant regeneration. METHODS: Six sorghum cultivars (IS 3477, IS 33095, IS 7155, IS 2898, IS 7005, and IS 1202) were selected. Immature inflorescence explants were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction. After 14 days, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli were distinguished. Regeneration media were optimized using embryogenic calli, with 1.5 mg/l 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) for shoot development and 1 mg/l NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) in a half-strength MS medium for root development. RESULTS: Two distinct forms of calli were observed: a non-embryogenic light yellow callus and a white, granular embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus induction frequency varied from 40% to 96% among the cultivars, with IS 3477 and IS 33095 exhibiting the highest frequencies (96% and 88%, respectively), while IS 1202 showed the lowest (40%). Regenerated shoots were successfully developed within 6-18 days and later transferred to a rooting medium, resulting in healthy plantlets. Transplanted plantlets showed normal growth and no morphological abnormalities in the field. CONCLUSION: This study provides a reliable protocol for efficient callus induction and plant regeneration in multiple sorghum cultivars. The optimized conditions can be utilized for genetic studies, crop improvement, and biotechnological applications, thus contributing to the advancement of sorghum breeding and biotechnology research.
Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of CuO Nanoparticles using Ephedra major Plant Extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Shakib P, Yari Talib Z, Asadi A … +1 more , Najafi Z
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2025 May · PMID 40353461 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticles are nanometer-sized particles that have unique properties and are used in various fields such as medicine, environment, and technology. The Ephedra major plant, with its medicinal properties,...
INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticles are nanometer-sized particles that have unique properties and are used in various fields such as medicine, environment, and technology. The Ephedra major plant, with its medicinal properties, is a rich source for extracting molecules that can be used as agents for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and improve their properties. The aim of the current study was the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Ephedra major extracts, as well as the evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was performed using the aqueous extract of the leaves of Ephedra major plant .The synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The well diffusion method investigated the antimicrobial activity of CuO-NPs synthesized against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then, the MIC and MBC of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined in 96-well microplates with different concentrations of CuO-NPs, aqueous extract, and chloramphenicol. The inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was investigated by staining with 1% crystal violet. RESULTS: The results of the UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorption at the wavelength of 385 nm was the highest, which confirmed the formation of CuO-NPs. SEM and EDX results indicated that the nanoparticles formed in a spherical shape with an average size of 30 to 80 nm. Also, EDX analysis showed the presence of copper, carbon, and oxygen elements in nanoparticles. The CuO-PNs at the concentration of 2000 μg/ml exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa. Also, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of nanoparticles were 312 μg/ml. In addition, the results showed that CuO-NPs have an effect in inhibiting biofilm formation.The inhibitory effect against biofilm was greater with increasing concentration. CONCLUSION: The results of this study prove that CuO-NPs synthesized from the aqueous extract of Ephedra major plant can be used as an effective option in treating infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo.
Sharma M, Saklani K, Dhingra GK … +2 more , Purohit S, Chandra S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2025 May · PMID 40353416 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Plant secondary metabolites include chemical compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids. The use of these ingredients in traditional medicine to prevent or treat diabetes and cancer is becoming more prevale...
OBJECTIVES: Plant secondary metabolites include chemical compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids. The use of these ingredients in traditional medicine to prevent or treat diabetes and cancer is becoming more prevalent because of their capacity to function as antioxidant agents. The objective of the research was to estimate the quantities of total phenols and flavonoids, together with the antioxidant capacity of various Dactylorhiza hatagirea extracts. METHODS: Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu techniques, respectively. Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS approaches were used for assessing the scavenging of free radicals. Employing standard methods, the preliminary phytochemical activity of the extract was assessed, and its reducing power was tested in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate. RESULTS: A maximum concentration of 58.88 ± 0.32 of gallic acid was identified per gram of methanolic extract as phenolic content. Quercetin, at 85.51 ± 0.40 mg/gram, had the most flavonoid content. The strongest reducing power output measured was 1.968 ± 0.01 g. In comparison, the IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays were 162.79 ± 0.24 and 39.75 ± 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, this plant differs from others in that it has potent antioxidant capabilities. CONCLUSION: The methanolic crude extract of D. hatagirea and the estimated contents of phenols and flavonoids exhibited potent antioxidant action, particularly against DPPH and ABTS assays. Due to its relatively high phenolic and flavonoid contents, this plant is an exciting option for treating diseases. Therefore, secondary metabolites can be found and employed as low-resistance, multi-target antioxidant drugs for treating a variety of cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as other chronic diseases that are resistant to existing antibiotics.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Formulated Skin Serum Containing Coelomic Fluid of Earthworm .
Imeni P, Zarabi M, Shakib P … +1 more , Dirbaziyan A
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40337955 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, the coelomic fluid of Eisenia fetida/ andrei species was used for the first time to prepare an anti-aging serum, and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties were investigate...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, the coelomic fluid of Eisenia fetida/ andrei species was used for the first time to prepare an anti-aging serum, and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties were investigated. In addition, its cytotoxicity on mouse fibroblast cells was measured as material for the production of natural anti-aging products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of coelomic fluid extracted from . Earthworms were cultured for a year, and their coelomic fluid was extracted using an electroshock method, sterilized, and lyophilized into powder. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using MIC assays. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity effects on L929 and NHEK cell lines were assessed using MTT assays. Oxidative stress and enzymatic activities were analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity in NHEK cells treated with coelomic fluid. A serum formulation incorporating coelomic fluid was prepared and subjected to stability tests, including pH, temperature, mechanical, and heavy metal residue analysis. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the serum were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software (version 0.26). Results highlight the multifunctional potential of coelomic fluid for biomedical and cosmetic applications. RESULTS: Coelomic fluid exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs of 0.15 mg/mL for both E. coli and S. aureus, showing significant inhibition at higher concentrations. Ciprofloxacin and penicillin demonstrated stronger effects compared to the coelomic fluid. Antioxidant activity increased with concentration, achieving 77% inhibition at 10 mg/mL, with an IC50 of 10.67 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed no significant toxicity below 20 mg/mL, with enhanced cell viability at 2.5-5 mg/mL and restorative effects on fibroblasts at 10 mg/mL. Oxidative stress assays indicated reduced lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity without inducing significant oxidative stress. Measurement of residues of mercury and lead in the sera showed that they were less than 0.01 ppm for mercury and less than 0.03 and 0.05 ppm for lead, respectively. These levels are below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approved limits for these metals. Aqueous serum containing coelomic fluid showed similar antibacterial and antioxidant properties, emphasizing its potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the use of earthworm coelomic fluid in skin care serum slows the aging process and restores damaged cells. The results of the present study can be considered as a patent.
Molecular Variation of Methicillin-resistant Isolated from Patients in Ramadi City, Iraq.
Al-Heeti OSS, Almeani SAL, Ahmed MM … +2 more , Al Tawil S, Nayyef YM
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40325539 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus infections in community and hospital settings presents a significant health challenge due to growing antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. OBJEC...
BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus infections in community and hospital settings presents a significant health challenge due to growing antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to:(1) perform a molecular analysis of prevalent native strains in Anbar, Iraq, (2) differentiate between various pathogenic strains using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to enhance epidemiological and surveillance efforts by relevant patents on molecular diagnostics and pathogen typing. The objective is to trace the origins of these strains and distinguish between invasive and indigenous strains. While S. haemolyticus is generally part of the normal human microbiota, it can lead to serious infections in individuals with prior injuries or surgical procedures. It is particularly skilled at developing antibiotic resistance, making it a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, largely through the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) has developed resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin through SCCmec acquisition, and hospitalassociated MRSH strains are increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics. METHODOLOGY: The preparation of blood agar medium followed the manufacturer's guidelines. After autoclaving at 121ºC for 15 minutes, the medium was cooled to 50ºC. The mixture was then thoroughly mixed and poured into sterile Petri dishes. This medium is used for isolating and cultivating bacteria, as well as for detecting hemolytic activity and identifying the type of hemolysis. Genomic extraction and molecular screening of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were performed, followed by MLST analysis. Data were processed using the University of Nebraska Medical Center's pubMLST website. RESULTS: To explore the genetic relationships among S. haemolyticus strains, their genomic DNA was analyzed using MLST typing based on the protocol from the MLST Institute database. All S. haemolyticus isolates in the study underwent MLST gene screening through PCR to verify the presence of housekeeping genes (arc, SH1200, hemH, leuB, SH1341, cfxE, and ribose ABC). PCR electrophoresis results demonstrated successful amplification of all target genes, confirming their appropriateness for MLST analysis. Three isolates were recognized as novel global strains, designated ST153, ST154, and ST155. In addition, five other strains were previously registered as ST3, ST9, ST29, ST123, and ST124. CONCLUSION: The findings diverge from the established global understanding of type distribution in Asia. To combat the spread of highly resistant strains, it is crucial to monitor virulence factors and antibiotic resistance closely.
Exploring the Two-Way Role: Biological and Anti-Epileptic Properties of Imidazole and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivatives.
Goel G, Firdous JU
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40289968 · Publisher ↗
Imidazole and 2-mercapto benzimidazole analogues are a group of molecules that have various biological activities and good therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy. This review explores their dual role, focusin...
Imidazole and 2-mercapto benzimidazole analogues are a group of molecules that have various biological activities and good therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy. This review explores their dual role, focusing on their biological properties and anti-epileptic effects. A spectrum of biological activities is displayed by imidazole derivatives and 2- mercaptobenzimidazole, such as antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions, leading to their therapeutic flexibility apart from epilepsy treatment. Imidazole derivatives mechanistically modulate Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) receptors, inhibit ion channels, and exert neuroprotective effects, enabling them to be used for seizure control. Their mechanisms of action involve modulation of oxidative stress pathways as well as providing neuroprotective effects against epilepsy. In terms of structure, both imidazole and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives have gone through extensive structure-activity relationship studies to enhance their biological and pharmacological aspects. However, numerous concerns, such as bioavailability, selectivity, and side effects, hinder their effective application in the treatment of various diseases. Looking forward, further research into novel derivatives and patented formulation strategies holds promise for enhancing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. This review consolidates current knowledge, emphasizing the multifaceted roles of imidazole and 2- mercapto benzimidazole derivatives in biological systems and their potential as antiepileptic agents, thus providing insights for future research and clinical applications.
Intellectual Property Rights Effects on India's Pharmaceutical Industry.
Gomase VS, Dhamane SP, Jagdale SC
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40264308 · Publisher ↗
The Indian pharmaceutical industry took full advantage of the "process patent regime". It aggressively pursued the expansion of its market share by offering the most reasonably priced generic versions of pharmaceuticals...
The Indian pharmaceutical industry took full advantage of the "process patent regime". It aggressively pursued the expansion of its market share by offering the most reasonably priced generic versions of pharmaceuticals to emerging and developing nations. The Indian government remained neutral over the implementation of the TRIPS agreement until 2005. Indian pharmaceutical patent law is distinct from legislation in other nations in several ways, some of which are among the most critical intellectual property issues in the nation. Over the past thirty years, the lack of product patent protection has been a significant setback for the Indian pharmaceutical business. "Molecules" that were patented and protected internationally but which India failed to protect. The Act's ambiguity makes it common for opponents of pharmaceutical patents to file unreasonable serial pre-grant oppositions. In addition, the number of pre-grant opposition filings is surging exponentially. The potential for revocation, oppositions before and after the grant, and counterclaims in cases of infringement are just a few of the challenges that may arise during the process of a patent. The TRIPS Agreement compliance of the Indian patent system will be guaranteed by the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2005, and the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004. Nonetheless, another notable accomplishment of the Ordinance and the Rules is the progressive change of the Indian patent prosecution system. In keeping with its international obligations, the Indian government is working to create a patent system that encourages technical development. Additionally, India is working to alleviate concerns about the inadequate enforcement of its current intellectual property rules.
A Review on Adaption of Microbiomes to Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: An Alternate Approach to Environment Sustainability.
Dobhal K, Garg R, Mukhopadhyay S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40247809 · Publisher ↗
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as catastrophic pollutants that can damage both the environment and human health. To restore a healthy surrounding, an environmental expert targeted the PAH co...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as catastrophic pollutants that can damage both the environment and human health. To restore a healthy surrounding, an environmental expert targeted the PAH contamination reduction strategy. Bioremediation techniques are overruling the conventional techniques due to their high disbursement and inefficient outcomes. Several PAHs, including Pyrene (PYR), Chrysene (CHY), Benz[a]anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Fluoranthene (FLU) Indenol [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (INP), Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), and, Dibenz [a, h] anthracene (DBA) have been identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Since PAHs are less hydrophilic and have more lipophilic properties, they are readily absorbed from the GIT of mammals. Grilled beef and chicken meat that had been charcoal-grilled contained Anthracene (ANT), BaP, Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), Phenanthrene (PHE), and PYR. The highest dietary daily intake of BkF was reported to be 1.09 μg/ day in the intestine of grilled beef and 23.22 μg/day in the stomach of grilled chicken. A number of bacterial species have been identified in the biodegradation of PAHs, including Mycobacterium gilvum , and . Fungi, including , and used PAHs as the source of carbon and energy for survival. To a certain extent, algae such as Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) also depend on PAHs to survive. There are plenty of patents that have been sanctioned, including the process for producing PAHs through recycling of low molecular weight alkanes, the removal process of PAHs from the terrestrial habitats, the identification of PAHs fingerprints, the utilization of microbes obtained from different resources to degrade the PAHs into minimum catastrophic products, and so on. This review aims to highlight the calamitous effect of high molecular weight PAHs on the surrounding, and humankind, as well as the advancement in bioremediation approaches in recent years. The authors also addressed the newly isolated microbiomes, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and others, as promising candidates for using PAHs as a source of carbon and energy.
Extraction and Characterization of Iturin A as a Key Factor in the Antagonism of M13RW01 Toward Pathogenic Fungi.
Aghaali Marnani M, Madani M, Shakib P
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40247808 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: contains several fungal inhibitory compounds, such as peptides and lipopeptides, representing the remarkable potential for biotechnological, agricultural, and biopharmaceutical applications. OBJECTIVES: This...
BACKGROUND: contains several fungal inhibitory compounds, such as peptides and lipopeptides, representing the remarkable potential for biotechnological, agricultural, and biopharmaceutical applications. OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to extract and characterize iturin A as the key antagonism factor of M13RW01 toward pathogenic fungi, using HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. METHODS: For this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain M13-RW01 isolated from Isfahan soil was used. The lipopeptide compounds of B. amyloliquefaciens were examined for antagonistic performance against Aspergillus niger PTCC 5010, Mucor hiemalis PTCC 5292, CBS 62087, and Penicillium chrysogenum PTCC 5037 by well diffusion and percentage of growth inhibition. The crude extract was run on Waters μBondpak C18 column in the HPLC system to separate the antibiotics. Major antibiotics were analyzed based on MS. RESULTS: HPLC analysis demonstrated that the lipopeptide compound is similar to iturin A. Moreover, MS analysis of these compounds and purified iturin A revealed a high similarity between them, with the same molecular ion peaks identified. Results showed that the produced lipopeptides by were of iturin A genum. The molecular ion peaks of the B. amyloliquefaciens M13RW01 methanolic fraction were at 1027.10, 1043.05, 1058, 1066, 1072, 1088.95. These compounds restrained fungal germination and growth. Inhibition growth percentages were 79.28, 76.13, 84.47and 59.15% for , and , respectively. CONCLUSION: According to the present study, M13RW01 lipopeptides are able to inhibit the growth of some fungi. B. amyloliquefaciens M13-RW01 isolated from Isfahan soil plays an essential part in antagonizing pathogenic fungi. Thus, this antifungal lipopeptide is supposed to be a biological protection agent for agricultural products and patents.
Pharmacological Applications of Fava d'anta: A Patent Review.
da Silva WA, Soares IL, Mousinho KC … +8 more , Saraiva Junior AL, Alencar IBMF, Magalhaes LGA, da Silva Procopio G, Maia Menezes G, Miranda Sa K, Bezerra RG, Bandeira MAM
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2026 · PMID 40211995 · Publisher ↗
A significant portion of the population in low-income countries relies on medicinal plants for healthcare. Fava d'anta is an important species in Brazil due to its bioactive compounds like quercetin and rutin. These comp...
A significant portion of the population in low-income countries relies on medicinal plants for healthcare. Fava d'anta is an important species in Brazil due to its bioactive compounds like quercetin and rutin. These compounds have various pharmaceutical applications, but the sustainability of their exploitation is challenged by overharvesting, necessitating sustainable management practices and further biotechnological advancements. The study conducted a comprehensive review of fava d'anta patents and their applications in various pharmacological activities, which are crucial for the development of new medicines and formulations. Patents were searched in four specialized patent databases: The United States Patent and Trademark Office, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Espacenet and the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). A total of 109 patents were identified through document collection, with 26 patents meeting the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed a global concentration of innovation in regions like Europe and the United States. Fava d'anta has demonstrated a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, largely attributed to polyphenols. These bioactive components have shown potential in diverse applications, from nutraceuticals to cosmetics. Patent registrations highlight the significant potential of Dimorphandra species for phytoproducts, particularly due to compounds like quercetin and rutin, but further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms of action and enhance technological applications, especially in cosmetics.
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