Recent Patents On Biotechnology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
WITHDRAWN: Scrutinizing the Role of Genetically Modified Herbs (GMHs) in the Treatment of Various Diseases.
Sindhu RK, Verma R, Salgotra T … +4 more , Madaan P, Chandel P, Batiha GE, Cavalu S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 May · PMID 35549856 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any...
UNLABELLED: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/ editorial-policies-main.php. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Proteome Exploration of Human Coronaviruses for Identifying Novel Vaccine Candidate: A Hierarchical Subtractive Genomics and Reverse Vaccinology Approach.
Dorosti H, Zarei M, Nezafat N
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2023 · PMID 35538841 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for infecting more than 613,615,658 people in 222 countries by September 11, 2022, of which 6,516,076 have died. COVID-19 was introduced by World Health Organization as a g...
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for infecting more than 613,615,658 people in 222 countries by September 11, 2022, of which 6,516,076 have died. COVID-19 was introduced by World Health Organization as a global concern and a pandemic disease due to its prevalence. OBJECTIVE: Developing preventive or therapeutic medications against 2019-nCoV is an urgent need, and has been deemed as a high priority among scientific societies; in this regard, the production of effective vaccines is one of the most significant and high-priority requirements. Because of costly and time-consuming process of vaccine design, different immunoinformatics methods have been developed. METHODS: At the beginning of vaccine design, the proteome study is essential. In this investigation, the whole human coronavirus proteome was evaluated using the proteome subtraction strategy. Out of 5945 human coronavirus proteins, five new antigenic proteins were selected by analyzing the hierarchical proteome subtraction, and then their various physicochemical and immunological properties were investigated bioinformatically. RESULTS: All five protein sequences are antigenic and non-allergenic proteins; moreover, the spike protein group, including spike glycoprotein (E2) (Peplomer protein), spike fragment and spike glycoprotein fragment, showed acceptable stability, which can be used to design new vaccines against human coronaviruses. CONCLUSION: The selected peptides and the other proteins introduced in this study (HE, orf7a, SARS_X4 domain-containing protein and protein 8) can be employed as a suitable candidate for developing a novel prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human coronaviruses.
Medicinal Plants Used for the Neutralization of Snake Venom in Northern Nigeria of West Africa.
Philip AM, Ofemile Y, Oluwatobi AI … +3 more , Gabriel A, Ejiofor UP, Aske O
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2023 · PMID 35473520 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Florigenesis with Special Reference to Orchids- A Review.
Kaur S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35430983 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Orchids are widely used in floriculture as attractive cut flowers all over the world. The current paper reviews factors affecting the in vitro flowering in orchid species. METHODS: The phenomenon of in vitro...
BACKGROUND: Orchids are widely used in floriculture as attractive cut flowers all over the world. The current paper reviews factors affecting the in vitro flowering in orchid species. METHODS: The phenomenon of in vitro flowering is advantageous as it shortens the breeding cycle, which is prolonged in the in vivo grown orchid species of commercial value. Certain genetic and biochemical mechanisms are involved at the time of onset of flowering in orchid plants. In the present endeavour, efforts have been made to initiate in vitro flowering in terrestrial and epiphytic orchid species. Various phenomenon involved during transition of vegetative shoot apex into floral axis is also reviewed. RESULTS: In vitro flowering was induced in Dendrobium nobile and Zeuxine strateumatica in Mitra medium supplemented with BAP at 0.5 in mgl. CONCLUSION: In vitro flowering can be initiated by manipulating physical and chemical stimulus in the nutrient regime. The study would be helpful in better understanding the complex process of flowering in vitro as well as ex vitro.
The Effects of Amino Acids, Phenols and Protein Hydrolysates as Biostimulants on Sustainable Crop Production and Alleviated Stress.
Shahrajabian MH, Cheng Q, Sun W
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35418295 · Publisher ↗
Biostimulants which contain substances or products, including natural compounds, special formulations and microorganisms have gained considerable attention as sustainable methods for heavy metal detoxification, stimulati...
Biostimulants which contain substances or products, including natural compounds, special formulations and microorganisms have gained considerable attention as sustainable methods for heavy metal detoxification, stimulating natural toxins, controlling diseases and pests, and increasing both water and nutrient efficiency. Biostimulants are important products in modern agriculture, which are composed of different heterogeneous classes of compounds with a broad spectrum of action to increase both qualitative and quantitative productions. Amino acids can be useful in stress defense, photosynthesis, for increasing nutrient uptake, pollination and fruit formation, and as precursors to hormones and growth parameters. Amino acids are considered as precursors and constituents of proteins, which are well-known for the stimulation of cell growth. Because they are the basic building blocks of proteins, amino acids are very important in plant growth, development and metabolite synthesis. One of the diverse, notable and large group of secondary metabolites is phenolic compounds, which have important function in regulation of the plants' physiological activities, oxidation-reduction processes, and photosynthesis. Protein hydrolysates contain amino acids and peptides, one of the most important kinds of biostimulants. Protein hydrolysates have a notable capability to increase crop performance, particularly under environmental stress conditions. This review article is aimed to introduce and find more about the roles of different types of biostimulants in plant growth and final yield production, leading to sustainable agriculture.
Lab-scale Preparation of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in and its Potential Safety on Normal Human Lung Cell Line.
Mohamed OA, Samir S, Omar H … +2 more , Hassan EA, Abdelazeem E
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 Aug · PMID 35418294 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is structurally similar to insulin and acts as an endocrine hormone secreted by the liver. OBJECTIVE: Production of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) in and evaluation of...
BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is structurally similar to insulin and acts as an endocrine hormone secreted by the liver. OBJECTIVE: Production of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) in and evaluation of its proliferation stimulatory activity. METHODS: hIGF-1 gene cloned into pBSK (+) simple vector was transformed into TOP 10 chemically competent cells of . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was achieved using specific hIGF-1 gene primers to confirm the successful transformation. To express the rhIGF-1 in (Rosetta (DE3) pLysS); the hIGF-1 gene was cloned into the pET-15b expression vector and then the recombinant pET-15b/IGF-1 vector was transformed into a chemically prepared competent expression bacterial cells; Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. The rhIGF-1 was expressed as insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies (IBs) using a 2 mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducer. IBs were solubilized in a denatured form using 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride (GdmCl), followed by protein refolding using the rapid dilution method. The refolded hIGF-1 was purified using the HiTrap- ANX anion exchange column. Western blot and ELISA using rabbit polyvalent anti-hIGF- 1 were performed to confirm the protein antigenic identity. Cell proliferation activity of rhIGF-1 was testified on normal human lung cell line (WI-38). RESULTS: rhIGF-1 was purified from the HiTrap-ANX column at a concentration of 300 μg/ml. Western blot showed a single 7.6 kDa band obtained in the induced Rosetta (DE3) pLYsS. ELISA confirmed the molecular identity of the rhIGF-1 epitope, the concentration of purified rhIGF-1 obtained from the ELISA standard curve using rhIGF-1 reference protein as a standard was 300 μg/ml, and activity on WI-38 cells was 2604.17I U/mg. CONCLUSION: Biologically active native rhIGF-1 protein was successfully expressed. Patents related to the preparation of IGF-1 were mentioned along the text.
Alzheimer's Disease: A Silent Pandemic - A Systematic Review on the Situation and Patent Landscape of the Diagnosis.
Goyzueta-Mamani LD, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Alvarez-Fernandez K … +5 more , Aguilar-Pineda JA, Nieto-Montesinos R, Davila Del-Carpio G, Vera-Lopez KJ, Lino Cardenas CL
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35400333 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, tau protein deposits, and amyloid beta plaques. AD impacted 44 million people in 2016, and it is estimated to affect 100 million people by 20...
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, tau protein deposits, and amyloid beta plaques. AD impacted 44 million people in 2016, and it is estimated to affect 100 million people by 2050. AD is disregarded as a pandemic compared with other diseases. To date, there is no effective treatment or diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to discuss the current tools used to diagnose COVID-19, point out their potential to be adapted for AD diagnosis, and review the landscape of existing patents in the AD field and future perspectives for AD diagnosis. METHODS: We carried out a scientific screening following a research strategy in PubMed; Web of Science; the Derwent Innovation Index; the KCI-Korean Journal Database; Sci- ELO; the Russian Science Citation index; and the CDerwent, EDerwent, and MDerwent index databases. RESULTS: A total of 326 from 6,446 articles about AD and 376 from 4,595 articles about COVID-19 were analyzed. Of these, AD patents were focused on biomarkers and neuroimaging with no accurate, validated diagnostic methods, and only 7% of kit development patents were found. In comparison, COVID-19 patents were 60% about kit development for diagnosis; they are highly accurate and are now commercialized. CONCLUSION: AD is still neglected and not recognized as a pandemic that affects the people and economies of all nations. There is a gap in the development of AD diagnostic tools that could be filled if the interest and effort that has been invested in tackling the COVID-19 emergency could also be applied for innovation.
Herd Immunity Against Coronavirus: A Review.
Datta S, Roy A
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 Aug · PMID 35400332 · Publisher ↗
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread exponentially, leading to an alarming number of deaths worldwide. A devastating effect has been observed in susceptible populations. Our...
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread exponentially, leading to an alarming number of deaths worldwide. A devastating effect has been observed in susceptible populations. Our body's immune system plays a very important role in fighting against diseases. The principle of herd immunity (also known as population immunity), which has found its way into science and has been in the limelight, is the most widely recognised among all. It is an indirect defence against infectious diseases when a community gained immunity, either through vaccines or through prior infection. Herd immunity against COVID-19 must be achieved to reduce the transmission of disease and save lives. Therefore, this review provides a comprehension of the role of immunity, with a special emphasis on herd immunity against COVID-19, and the ways to attain herd immunity in India have also been discussed.
Coronavirus - A Crippling Affliction to Humans.
Kaul R, Devi S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 Aug · PMID 35379131 · Publisher ↗
Coronaviruses hold idiosyncratic morphological features and functionality. The members of this group have a remarkable capability of infecting both animals and humans. Inimitably, the replication of the RNA genome contin...
Coronaviruses hold idiosyncratic morphological features and functionality. The members of this group have a remarkable capability of infecting both animals and humans. Inimitably, the replication of the RNA genome continues through the set of viral mRNA molecules. Coronaviruses received least attention until 2003 since they caused only minor respiratory tract illnesses. However, this changed exclusively with the introduction of zoonotic SARS-CoV in 2003. In 2012, MERS-CoV emerged and confirmed this group of viruses as the major causative agents of severe respiratory tract illness. Today, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (i.e., COVID-19) has turned out to be a chief health problem that causes a severe acute respiratory disorder in humans. Since the first identification of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, this infection has devastatingly spread all around the globe leading to a crippling affliction for humans. The strain is known as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and WHO (the World Health Organization) has termed this new pandemic disease as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is still spreading, with an estimated 136 million confirmed cases and more than 2.94 million deaths worldwide so far. In the current scenario, there is no particular treatment for COVID-19; however, remarkable efforts for immunization and vaccine development can be observed. Therefore, the execution of precautions and proper preventive measures are indispensable to minimize and control the community transmission of the virus. This review summarizes information related to the pathophysiology, transmission, symptoms, the host defense mechanism plus immunization and vaccine development against COVID-19 including the patents filed.
Powerful Stress Relieving Medicinal Plants for Anger, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During Global Pandemic.
Shahrajabian MH
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35319401 · Publisher ↗
Consideration and improvement for anxiety and depression are important during a global pandemic. Appropriate healthcare can be obtained by paying more attention to traditional medicinal sciences. The adverse effects of s...
Consideration and improvement for anxiety and depression are important during a global pandemic. Appropriate healthcare can be obtained by paying more attention to traditional medicinal sciences. The adverse effects of stress with various symptoms can be managed by introducing plants that boost mental health. The most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to the global pandemic are pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, specific and uncontrolled fear, disabling loneliness, significant lifestyle changes, and psychiatric conditions. Ginseng, chamomile, passionflower, herbal tea, lavender, saffron, kava, rose, cardamom, Chinese date, and some chief formula like yokukansan, Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san, so-ochim-tang-gamiband, and saikokaryukotsuboreito are notable herbal treatments for mental health problems. The most common medicinal plants that have been used in Iran for the cure of stress and anxiety are Viper's-buglosses, Dracocephalum, valerian, chamomile, common hop, hawthorns, and lavender. Medicinal plants and herbs can be used for the treatment and alleviation of the negative effects of stress, anger, and depression during the global pandemic.
Evidence and Updates on Non-dairy Synbiotic Beverage Development.
Andrade RC, Figueredo CS, de Carvalho Alves J … +1 more , Roselino MN
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 Aug · PMID 35240978 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: With the increase in cases of intolerance and allergies to milk protein, new food possibilities have been studied as an alternative to dairy drinks in order to meet the needs of this population, such as non-d...
BACKGROUND: With the increase in cases of intolerance and allergies to milk protein, new food possibilities have been studied as an alternative to dairy drinks in order to meet the needs of this population, such as non-dairy synbiotic drinks. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative literature review on the main types of non-dairy synbiotic beverages in order to investigate the probiotics and prebiotics added to them. Besides, we also looked into the characteristics of the substrates and fermentation conditions (temperature, time, and pH) to assess the influences on bacterial viability, consumer acceptance, conservation, and antimicrobial action. METHODS: We conducted an integrative review of articles published in Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, and Capes journals in the last five years, using the following terms: symbiotic drink, symbiotic beverage, synbiotic drink, synbiotic beverage, bebida simbiótica, not kombucha, which resulted in the inclusion of 28 articles. RESULTS: As expected, the main probiotics were lactobacillus and bifidobacterium, while the prebiotics were inulin and fructooligosaccharide. It is noteworthy that all analyzed beverages were, in fact, probiotics since they had values above the minimum viability of 6 log CFU/mL; consequently, they can bring benefits to consumers. CONCLUSION: In addition to being rich sources of nutrients, fruits and vegetables also enable the development of synbiotic drinks supplied from their substrates, providing an alternative for people who are lactose intolerant.
Use of Patent Information to Characterize Trends in the Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC-EVs).
Ponce-Polo Á, Hidalgo AR, Martínez AA … +1 more , Guijarro RIO
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 Aug · PMID 35240977 · Publisher ↗
Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-EVs) are gaining interest for medical purposes. The promising therapeutic effects exhibited in both preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that...
Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-EVs) are gaining interest for medical purposes. The promising therapeutic effects exhibited in both preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that they may become an alternative for certain applications to cell-based therapies, which are subjected to stricter regulations. The commercial exploitation of these candidates requires a proper patent strategy from both the industry and public research organizations. Here, we performed a global patent literature analysis to identify key players and therapeutic applications in the field. Our results showed an increasing rate of patent publications since 2009, with Asia (specifically China) leading the patenting activity. The therapeutic use of MSC-EVs within patent literature covers a wide range of diseases, in which "Dermal and Wounds," "Neurology" and "Cardiovascular" are the main therapeutic areas. Moreover, most of these patents include "productby- process" claims, since the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs could be influenced by their manufacturing process. Our results followed scientific and clinical literature trends.
Challenges and Approaches of Drugs Such as Memantine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Aducanumab in the Treatment, Control and Management of Alzheimer's Disease.
Saeedi M, Mehranfar F
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35236274 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of neuropsychiatric illness that affects the central nervous system. In this disease, the accumulation of amyloid-beta increases, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) protein is one of the wa...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of neuropsychiatric illness that affects the central nervous system. In this disease, the accumulation of amyloid-beta increases, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) protein is one of the ways to treat this disease is to reduce the accumulation of amyloid-beta. Various studies have demonstrated that pharmacological approaches have considerable effects in the treatment of AD, despite the side effects and challenges. Cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine are presently authorized therapies for AD. Memantine and Donepezil are the most common drugs for the prevention and therapy of AD with mechanisms such as lessened β-amyloid plaque, affecting N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Diminution glutamate and elevated acetylcholine are some of the influences of medications administrated to treat AD, and drugs can also play a role in slowing the progression of cognitive and memory impairment. A new pharmacological approach and strategy are required to control the future of AD. This review appraises the effects of memantine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and aducanumab in clinical trials, in vitro and animal model studies that have explored how these drugs versus AD development and also discuss possible mechanisms of influence on the brain. Research in clinical trials has substantial findings that support the role of these medications in AD treatment and ameliorate the safety and efficacy of AD therapy, although more clinical trials are required to prove their effectiveness.
Seaweed-based Biofertilizers: A Patent Analysis.
Fatimi A
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35088683 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Seaweed-based biofertilizers for agriculture are developing rapidly through the innovation and improvement of used raw materials, formulations, methods, and processes. This is evident from the increase in the...
BACKGROUND: Seaweed-based biofertilizers for agriculture are developing rapidly through the innovation and improvement of used raw materials, formulations, methods, and processes. This is evident from the increase in the number of patent applications filed each year in this area of seaweed-based biofertilizer research and development. METHODS: This study concerns the patentability and patent analysis of seaweed-based biofertilizers between 2000 and 2020. This form of patent analysis englobes information that could be used as a reference by researchers in the fields of agriculture, as well as those interested, especially in biofertilizers. During a search, different keywords and related terms were used, and patents were searched according to title, abstract, and claims. A detailed analysis was then given regarding publication year, patent classifications, inventors, applicants, owners, and jurisdictions. Finally, innovation and improvement of seaweed-based biofertilizers are proposed. RESULTS: 1731 patent documents have been found. The analyzed period confirms that China was ranked first with 1336 patent documents, and 2017 was the year with the maximum number of patent documents (288). CONCLUSION: The patent classification codes reveal that most of the inventions are intended for soil conditioners and preparation of fertilizers characterized by biological or biochemical treatment steps, as well as organic fertilizers containing added bacterial cultures.
Review of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Approaches for Type 2 Diabetes and Related Disorders.
Saeedi M, Mehranfar F, Ghorbani F … +3 more , Eskandari M, Ghorbani M, Babaeizad A
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 Aug · PMID 35088682 · Publisher ↗
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects many people around the world, is one of the diseases that is on the rise. Various studies have revealed that insulin resistance and lessened insulin production have been associated wi...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects many people around the world, is one of the diseases that is on the rise. Various studies have revealed that insulin resistance and lessened insulin production have been associated with T2D, and they also show that this disease can have a genetic origin and is associated with different genes, such as KCNQ1, PPAR-γ, calpain-10, ADIPOR2, TCF7L2, which can be utilized as therapeutic targets. Different therapeutic approaches and strategies such as exercise and diet, pharmacological approaches, and utilization of nanoparticles in drug delivery and gene therapy can be effective in the treatment and control of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) have both been considered as drug classes in the treatment of T2D and T2D-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and renal disease, and have considerable influences such as diminished cardiovascular mortality in individuals with T2D, ameliorated postprandial glycaemia, ameliorated fasting glycaemia, and diminished bodyweight on disease treatment and improvement process. In the present review article, we have attempted to explore the risk factors, genes, and diseases associated with T2D, therapeutic approaches in T2D, the influences of drugs such as dapagliflozin, metformin, acarbose, Januvia (sitagliptin), and ertugliflozin on T2D in clinical trials and animal model studies. Research in clinical trials has promising results that support the role of these drug approaches in T2D prophylaxis and ameliorate safety even though additional clinical research is still obligatory.
In-vitro and In-vivo Experimental Models for MERS-CoV, SARSCoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection: A Compendious Review.
Singh S, Kumar A, Sharma H
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35068398 · Publisher ↗
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family of coronaviruses. This novel virus has predominantly affected a vast world population and was declared a pandemic outbreak. The clinical and scientific communities strive to...
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family of coronaviruses. This novel virus has predominantly affected a vast world population and was declared a pandemic outbreak. The clinical and scientific communities strive to develop and validate potential treatments and therapeutic measures. The comparative study of existing synthetic drugs, evaluation of safety aspects, and the devel opment of novel vaccines can be efficiently achieved by using suitable animal models of primary infection and validating translational findings in human cell lines and tissues. The current paper explores varied animal and cell/tissue models employed and recapitulate various critical issues of ailment manifestation in humans to develop and evaluate novel therapeutic countermeasures and even include some novel patent developed in this regard.
An Outline of Contributing Vaccine Technologies for SARS CoV2 Advancing in Clinical and Preclinical Phase-Trials.
Naz SS, Munir I
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 35040422 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) is an RNA virus involving 4 structural and 16 non-structural proteins, and exhibiting high transmission potential and fatality. The emergence of thi...
BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) is an RNA virus involving 4 structural and 16 non-structural proteins, and exhibiting high transmission potential and fatality. The emergence of this newly encountered beta coronavirus-SARS CoV2 has brought over 2 million people to death, and more than 10 billion people got infected across the globe as yet. Consequently, the global scientific community has contributed to the synthesis and design of effective immunization technologies to combat this virus. OBJECTIVES: This literature review was intended to gather an update on published reports of the vaccines advancing in the clinical trial phases or preclinical trials, to summarize the foundations and implications of contributing vaccine candidates inferring their impact in the pandemic repression. In addition, this literature review distinctly facilitates an outline of the overall vaccine effectiveness at current doses. METHODS: The reported data in this review was extracted from research articles, review articles and patents published from January 2020 to July 2021, available on Google Scholar, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Research Gate, Science direct, and Free Patent Online Database by using combination of keywords. Moreover, some information is retrieved from native web pages of vaccine manufacturing companies' due to progressing research and unavailability of published research papers. CONCLUSION: Contributing vaccine technologies include: RNA (Ribonucleic acid) vaccines, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, protein-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, viruses-like particles, protein superglue, and live-attenuated vaccines. Some vaccines are prepared by establishing bacterial and yeast cell lines and as self-assembling adenovirus- derived multimeric protein-based self-assembling nanoparticle (ADDOmer). On May 19, WHO has issued an emergency use sanction of Moderna, Pfizer, Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and Covishield vaccine candidates on account of clinical credibility from experimental data.
Potential Implications of Vouacapan Compounds for Insecticidal Activity: An In Silico Study.
Ortiz-Zamora L, Ferreira JV, de Oliveira NKS … +4 more , de Molfetta FA, Hage-Melim LIS, Fernandes CP, Oliveira AEMFM
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 34994338 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: From the fruits and seeds of the species of Pterodon, it is possible to obtain two main products: essential oil and oleoresin. In oleoresin, numerous vouacapan compounds have been demonstrated to have biologi...
BACKGROUND: From the fruits and seeds of the species of Pterodon, it is possible to obtain two main products: essential oil and oleoresin. In oleoresin, numerous vouacapan compounds have been demonstrated to have biological potential, including insecticidal activity. OBJECTIVE: In silico studies were performed to identify potential candidates for natural insecticides among the vouacapans present in the genus Pterodon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed to analyze the interaction of vouacapan compounds with acetylcholinesterase of Drosophila melanogaster. Pharmacokinetic parameters regarding physicochemical properties, plasma protein binding, and activity in the central nervous system were evaluated. The toxicological properties of the selected molecules were predicted using malathion as the reference compound. RESULTS: 6α,7β-dimethoxivouacapan-17-ene (15) showed a high number of interactions and scores in molecular docking studies. These results suggested that this compound exhibits an inhibitory activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This compound showed the best results regarding physicochemical properties, besides presenting low cutaneous permeability values, suggesting null absorption. Molecular dynamics studies demonstrated few conformational changes in the structure of the complex formed by compound 4 and acetylcholinesterase enzyme throughout the simulation time. CONCLUSION: It was determined that compound 4 (vouacapan 6α,7β,17β,19-tetraol) could be an excellent candidate for usage as a natural insecticide.
Monoclonal Antibodies and their Target Specificity Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Perspectives and Challenges.
Bakkari MA, Moni SS, Sultan MH … +1 more , Madkhali OA
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 34994337 · Publisher ↗
The world continues to be in the midst of a distressing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus with multiple antige...
The world continues to be in the midst of a distressing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus with multiple antigenic systems. The virus enters via nasopharynx, oral and infects cells by the expression of the spike protein, and enters the lungs using the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. The spectrum of specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is increasingly challenging as frequent mutations have been reported and their antigen specificity varies accordingly. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will have a more significant advantage in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity. Recently, mAbs have been developed to target included specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of the therapeutic index of mAbs that can elicit neutralization by binding to the viral spike protein and suppress the cytokine network is a classic therapeutic approach for a potential cure. The development of mAbs against B-cell function as well as inhibition of the cytokine network has also been a focus in recent research. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mAbs as antibody cocktail preparations against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Target specific therapeutic accomplishment with mAbs, a milestone in the modern therapeutic age, can be used to achieve a specific therapeutic strategy to suppress SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the cytokine network and antibody formation to better understand the development of mAbs against SARS- CoV-2 infection along with recent patents.
From Bench Side to Bed-Travelling on a Road to Get a Safe and Effective Vaccine against COVID-19, Day to Save the Life.
Ray SK, Mukherjee S
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2022 · PMID 34886784 · Publisher ↗
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain of coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2). It is the most challenging pandemic of this century. The growing COVID-19...
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain of coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2). It is the most challenging pandemic of this century. The growing COVID-19 pandemic has triggered extraordinary efforts to restrict the virus in numerous ways, owing to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Immunotherapy, which includes artificially stimulating the immune system to generate an immunological response, is regarded as an effective strategy for preventing and treating several infectious illnesses and malignancies. Given the pandemic's high fatality rate and quick expansion, an effective vaccination is urgently needed to keep it under control. The basic goal of all COVID-19 vaccine programs is to develop a vaccine that causes the generation of surface protein neutralizing antibodies in subjects. The epitope discovery for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates is likewise made using an immuno-informatics methodology. It can be used to find the epitopes in viral proteins important for cytotoxic T cells and B cells. A safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine that can elicit the necessary immune response is necessary to end the epidemic. The global search for a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is yielding results. More than a dozen vaccines have already been approved around the world, with many more in the clinical trials. Patents can cover the underlying technology used to generate a vaccine, whereas trade secrets can cover manufacturing methods and procedures.
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