Journal Of Dentistry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Changes in Orbital Volume following Reconstruction with Alloplastic Materials in Patients with Orbital Trauma.
Khaghaninejad M, Dehghani M, Ghorbani F … +1 more , Salehi B
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994057 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Internal orbital reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure in management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures; however, it is not indicated in all cases. In management of orbital trauma, surg...
BACKGROUND: Internal orbital reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure in management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures; however, it is not indicated in all cases. In management of orbital trauma, surgeons should not only correct the apparent defects, but also must reinstate the function of the orbit. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the changes in the orbital volume following reconstruction with alloplastic materials in patients with orbital trauma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This retrospective study evaluated all patients with unilateral orbital fracture presenting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Rajaie Hospital (from 2013 to 2016, Shiraz, Iran) who underwent corrective surgery. The computed tomography (CT) scans of patients were analyzed by Volumetry software to quantify the change in the orbital volume after surgical reconstruction of the orbital floor with alloplastic materials compared with the sound contralateral orbit. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Student t-test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the volume of the traumatized orbit with sound contralateral orbit and the orbital volume after corrective surgery (p Value< 0.05). Corrective surgery was successful in all patients, and the orbital volume after treatment had no significant difference with the volume of the sound contralateral orbit (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Corrective surgery with alloplastic materials can successfully regain the orbital volume in patients with orbital floor fracture, with no significant difference with the volume of the sound contralateral orbit.
Oncocytoma of Palate: A Case Report, with an Emphasis on Immunohistochemistry.
Mani S, Mani A, Tripathi VP … +2 more , Bajpai M, Karakalla SR
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994056 · Full text
Oncocytomas are benign tumors of salivary glands, characterized histopathologically by large epithelial cells with bright and eosinophilic cytoplasm. They occur mostly in parotid glands, with only a small percentage of t...
Oncocytomas are benign tumors of salivary glands, characterized histopathologically by large epithelial cells with bright and eosinophilic cytoplasm. They occur mostly in parotid glands, with only a small percentage of these tumors occurring in minor salivary glands of buccal, mucosa, palate, maxillary sinus, and tonsillar fossa. They occur primarily in people older than 50 years and generally have a female predilection. Few authors have suggested that oncocytomas of minor salivary glands are more aggressive in nature in comparison to their major salivary gland counterparts. An exhaustive literature review of English language literature revealed 20 cases of minor salivary glands; hence, the present case is 21st case of minor salivary gland oncocytoma. We report a case of palatal oncocytoma in a 31-year-old male which was provisionally diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma and also describe the immunohistochemical characteristics of this rare tumor of minor salivary glands.
The Impact of Age on the Accuracy of Sexual Dimorphism Using Anthropometric Indices of Maxillary Sinus.
Movahhedian N, Gharemani L, Akbarizadeh F … +1 more , Khojastepour L
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994055 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The potential benefit of maxillary sinus measurements for analysis of sexual dimorphism has been proved. Also, it has been shown that maxillary sinus dimensions, as the reliable sex indicators, diminish with...
BACKGROUND: The potential benefit of maxillary sinus measurements for analysis of sexual dimorphism has been proved. Also, it has been shown that maxillary sinus dimensions, as the reliable sex indicators, diminish with age due to physiological and morphological alterations. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on the accuracy of maxillary sinus indices for sex determination. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this cross-sectional study's research 240 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (120 males, 120 females), aged 20-70 years old, were evaluated retrospectively. Subjects were categorized into four age groups: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and ≥50 years. Each group consisted of 60 subjects. Maximum sinus height, width, length, and distance between two maxillary sinuses were evaluated. RESULTS: All the measurements were higher in men than in women. Generally, the strongest sex indicator was maxillary sinus width However, when analyzing different age groups, the most reliable indicators for determining sex were the distance between the sinuses in the 20-29 age group, sinus height in the 40-49 group, and sinus width in both the 30-39 and 50-and-above age groups. The specific sex discriminant formula showed an accuracy of 78.3% for the ages of 20-29 and 40-49 years as well as 71.7% for the 30-39 and ≥50 age groups. CONCLUSION: The specific sex discriminant formula presented in this study showed noticeable accuracies for sex determination. Additionally, discriminant analysis revealed that the anthropometric measurements of the maxillary sinus exhibit varying degrees of sexual dimorphism across different age groups.
Caries preventive effects of glass ionomer cement restorations with silver diamine fluoride pretreatment on the root surface of adjacent sound tooth: an in vitro study.
Ge KX, Lam WY, Song K … +3 more , Jakubovics NS, Chu CH, Yu OY
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41990943 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the caries preventive effects of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) restorations with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on the root surface of adjacent sound human tooth in an in...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the caries preventive effects of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) restorations with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on the root surface of adjacent sound human tooth in an in vitro model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human tooth blocks with cavities, treated with 38% SDF pretreatment and filled with CGIC restorations, served as the experimental group (Group‑1). Human tooth blocks with CGIC restorations without SDF pretreatment served as control (Group-2). A dentin specimen simulating the root surface of adjacent tooth was placed next to CGIC restoration. The set of CGIC restorations with dentin specimens underwent a cariogenic challenge using a consortium of Streptococcus mutans, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Candida albicans. The growth kinetics, viability, and morphology of the biofilm on the dentin surface were evaluated using propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The lesion depth, surface morphology, crystal characteristics, and collagen degradation of dentin specimens were determined using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. RESULTS: PMA-qPCR demonstrated that Log of all three microbes in Group-1 were lower than in Group-2 (p = 0.0001). CLSM showed that dead-to-live ratio in Group-1 and Group-2 was 0.85±0.14 and 0.57±0.09, respectively (p = 0.002). SEM revealed that Group-1 had sparsely distributed biofilm with damaged cells, in contrast to the dense and confluent biofilm observed in Group-2 on the dentin specimens. Micro-CT showed that mean lesion depth (µm) in Group-1 and Group-2 was 114±5 and 256±10, respectively (p = 0.0001). Compared to Group-1, SEM indicated that Group-2 had a marked loss of minerals with exposure of dentin collagen. XRD spectra showed that Group-1 had sharper hydroxyapatite reflections than Group-2. FTIR revealed that ratios of amide I to hydrogen phosphate of Group-1 and Group-2 were 0.11±0.03 and 0.19±0.04, respectively (p = 0.0029). CONCLUSION: This in vitro study demonstrates that SDF pretreatment enhances the caries preventive effects of CGIC on the root surface of adjacent sound tooth.
Tooth3dNet: A preliminary exploration for automatic 3D morphology design of dental crowns with a deep generative network.
Ying S, Huang F, Yin J … +2 more , Liu W, He F
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41985738 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence is opening new avenues for digital dental restoration. To advance the automatic design of dental crowns, this study proposed a novel deep generative network to enable automatic generat...
OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence is opening new avenues for digital dental restoration. To advance the automatic design of dental crowns, this study proposed a novel deep generative network to enable automatic generation of 3D crown shapes for various types of missing teeth-from incisors to molars-based solely on the surrounding oral environment. METHODS: The proposed network, named Tooth3dNet, adopted a Transformer-based encoder-decoder architecture, featuring specially designed optimized query generation and a critical incremental point cloud reconstruction module. It was trained directly on a self-created large-scale 3D intraoral scan point cloud dataset. ANOVA and paired t-test statistical analysis were implemented to compare the performance of the proposed network and other state-of-the-art methods. RESULTS: Multi-metric evaluations showed that our network achieved a mean reconstruction error of 0.200 mm and a Hausdorff distance of 0.683 mm, outperformed current state-of-the-art point cloud generation networks significantly (P < 0.05). The generated point clouds produced reconstructed surfaces that retained the anatomical features of the teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Our method demonstrates good performance in generating primary 3D morphology of dental crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Although the present method is limited to occlusal surface generation and some areas of the proximal surfaces, it introduces a novel approach for crown design and lays the groundwork for future development of fully automated, full-crown morphology generation.
Impact of artificial intelligence-based automated segmentation on the accuracy of robotic computer-aided implant surgery: a retrospective study.
Zhao N, Zhu R, Liang J … +5 more , Long W, Liao L, Meng Z, He L, Zhou Q
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41985737 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated segmentation (AS) on the accuracy of robotic computer-aided implant surgery (r-CAIS). METHODS: Patients wh...
OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated segmentation (AS) on the accuracy of robotic computer-aided implant surgery (r-CAIS). METHODS: Patients who underwent r-CAIS were enrolled. Preoperative CBCT images were segmented using either threshold-based SS approach (SS group) or the AI-based AS approach (AS group). Osteotomy preparation and implant placement were performed using a semi-active robot. Registration errors and deviations between planned and postoperatively placed implant positions were calculated. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U tests, with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients (79 females, 61 males) receiving 224 implants were included (SS group: 69 patients, 107 implants; AS group: 71 patients, 117 implants). The registration error in the AS group (0.10 ± 0.04 mm) was significantly lower than that in the SS group (0.12 ± 0.04 mm) (P < 0.05). The AS group demonstrated lower deviations at the platform (0.51 ± 0.16 vs.0.56 ± 0.18 mm), apex (0.60 ± 0.23 vs. 0.66 ± 0.23 mm), and angulation (1.13 ± 0.59° vs. 1.19 ± 0.53°), with a statistically significant difference observed in global platform deviation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: r-CAIS demonstrated consistently high accuracy, which was further improved by AI-based AS. This improvement may be associated with enhanced registration precision achieved through AI-based AS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings support the potential clinical application of AI-based AS in r-CAIS.
Mapping evidence on oral health-related quality of life in endodontics: A scoping review.
Sinsareekul C, Changsiripun C, Chivatxaranukul P … +1 more , Hiran-Us S
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41985736 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on OHRQoL in endodontics by identifying the types of treatments investigated, measurement instruments used, and assessment time points, as well as to h...
OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on OHRQoL in endodontics by identifying the types of treatments investigated, measurement instruments used, and assessment time points, as well as to highlight current knowledge gaps and directions for future research. DATA AND SOURCES: Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus) were searched until February 22, 2025. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS: A total of 3961 records were identified; 132 were screened and assessed for eligibility, and 67 articles were included. The findings showed that (1) an increasing incorporation of patient-reported outcomes was observed, particularly in non-surgical root canal treatment; (2) the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was the most frequently used OHRQoL instrument; (3) substantial heterogeneity was found in outcome measures and assessment time points; and (4) the lack of methodological consistency limits comparability across studies and underscores a need for standardised assessment frameworks. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review highlights growing use of OHRQoL as a patient-reported outcome in endodontic research. However, substantial methodological heterogeneity limits cross-study comparability, underscoring the need for standardised outcome measures and follow-up protocols to strengthen patient-centred evidence in endodontics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly recognized as essential indicators of treatment success in endodontics. This review identifies significant variability in OHRQoL assessment methods, which hinders evidence synthesis and clinical applicability. The development of standardized, consensus-based outcome measures is crucial to strengthen patient-centred evidence and improve the translation of research findings into everyday endodontic care.
AI-based classification of pediatric sagittal skeletal patterns using multi-view facial photographs.
Peng Y, Nan L, Chen W … +3 more , Zeng X, Tang M, Zhang X
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41985735 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The increasing global demand to assess pediatric skeletal malocclusions poses a growing challenge, as current screening methods are dependent on availability of orthodontists and X-rays, which limits accessibi...
OBJECTIVE: The increasing global demand to assess pediatric skeletal malocclusions poses a growing challenge, as current screening methods are dependent on availability of orthodontists and X-rays, which limits accessibility. This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on facial photographs to predict pediatric sagittal skeletal pattern classifications and to explore its feasibility for radiation-free early screening of pediatric skeletal malocclusion. METHODS: Facial photographs and lateral cephalograms were collected retrospectively from a cohort of 2033 pediatric patients at a stomatology hospital between 2013 and 2023. The dataset was divided into a training (n = 1789) and an independent test set (n = 244). Data were annotated, preprocessed, and augmented. Six backbones were compared, and ConvNeXt-T was selected as the optimal backbone. An innovative primary- auxiliary feature fusion strategy was adopted to identify the primary feature inputs and we first trained four single-view models. Subsequently, the primary and auxiliary features from other views were fused to construct four multi-view feature fusion models. Performance was evaluated by using five-fold cross-validation, with Grad-CAM visualizing key feature areas. Finally, the optimal model was clinically validated against practicing orthodontists on the independent test set. RESULTS: The 90° profile model achieved the highest accuracy of 86.36% among all single-view models. The optimal multi-view model further improved the accuracy to 88.30% (recall=81.79%, specificity=91.22%). Using the independent test set, the model's agreement with the gold standard was 9.25% higher than junior level orthodontists and 7.43% higher than intermediate orthodontists (both P < 0.05), and closely aligns with senior professionals (difference: 2.70%). Grad-CAM confirmed focus on the nasolabial and chin contour regions. CONCLUSIONS: An innovative method was successfully established to predict pediatric sagittal skeletal patterns with high accuracy (>88%) using multi-dimensional facial characteristics. This lays the groundwork for a non-clinical, photographic screening approach for identify pediatric skeletal malocclusions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This method provides a feasible, radiation-free solution for early large-scale screening in non-clinical settings, supporting initial referral decisions while promoting early interventions and stratified management of children's oral health. It should be emphasized that this tool is intended primarily to assist screenings and referrals, rather than replacing the essential work of expert professionals.
The effect of hydrodynamic shear on sodium hypochlorite disinfection of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentinal tubules.
Li Q, Liu H, Hieawy A … +4 more , Wang X, Xiao L, Tay FR, Shen Y
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41974366 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Hydrodynamic shear, generated by fluid movement along surfaces, may enhance biofilm disruption and irrigant penetration into dentinal tubules. This study evaluated the influence of hydrodynamic shear on the a...
OBJECTIVES: Hydrodynamic shear, generated by fluid movement along surfaces, may enhance biofilm disruption and irrigant penetration into dentinal tubules. This study evaluated the influence of hydrodynamic shear on the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against intratubular Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. METHODS: Three hundred dentine specimens infected with 3-week E. faecalis biofilms were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 20). Disinfection was performed in a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. Specimens were treated with 2 % or 5 % NaOCl for 3 or 10 min at rotational speeds of 0, 130, and 260 rpm. Sterile water served as the control. Bacterial viability was assessed using LIVE/DEAD staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The percentage of dead bacteria was quantified using three-dimensional image analysis. Data were analysed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: NaOCl concentration, irrigation time, and rotational speed significantly affected bacterial killing (p < 0.001). Significant two-way interactions were observed between concentration and time, concentration and speed, and time and speed (p < 0.001), whereas the three-way interaction was not significant (p = 0.055). Increasing NaOCl concentration, exposure time, and rotational speed enhanced antibacterial efficacy. The effect of hydrodynamic shear was most pronounced at short exposure time, particularly in the 3-min groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrodynamic shear significantly enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl against intratubular E. faecalis biofilms. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Optimizing irrigant hydrodynamics may improve root canal disinfection and reduce reliance on higher NaOCl concentrations or longer irrigation times.
Multifactorial analysis of the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride application in arresting root caries.
Zhao X, He S, Tse S … +3 more , Chu CH, Lo ECM, Jiang CM
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41974365 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application in arresting root caries and identify factors associated with the treatment outcome. METHODS: In a two-arm parallel ran...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application in arresting root caries and identify factors associated with the treatment outcome. METHODS: In a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly allocated to the SDF group (38 % SDF) and the control group (tonic water). Clinical examinations were carried out at baseline and the 2-month follow-up to assess the status of root caries lesions (active/arrest). Demographic information and oral health-related behaviours were collected via questionnaire interview. Multifactorial analysis was conducted using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to investigate factors associated with the arrest rate of root caries. RESULTS: A total of 186 participants (SDF group: 93 participants, 165 root caries lesions; control group: 93 participants, 158 root caries lesions) were recruited at baseline, and 165 (88.7 %) with 286 root caries lesions completed the 2-month follow-up. Most lesions were active (87 %), located on posterior teeth (53 %), and involved a single surface (91 %). The SDF group demonstrated a significantly higher arrest rate compared with the control group at both the individual level (81.2 % vs. 21.3 %; p < 0.001) and the lesion level (84.9 % vs. 20.7 %; p < 0.001). Multivariable GEE analysis revealed that the SDF application (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=26.12), lesion status at baseline (AOR=6.88), and the absence of plaque on the lesion surface (AOR=6.72) were positively associated with the arrest of root caries lesions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the application of 38 % SDF is highly effective in arresting root caries of community-dwelling older adults, irrespective of age, gender, oral health-related behaviour, tooth type (anterior/posterior), tooth position (upper/lower), lesion surface (single/multiple), lesion size and depth.
Ceramic crowns and sleep bruxism: 3-year results of a randomized controlled trial.
Bömicke W, Schmitter M, Waldecker M … +4 more , Handermann R, Labis C, Rammelsberg P, Ohlmann B
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41967567 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether sleep bruxism (SB) influences the occurrence of technical complications and affects the survival and success of monolithic lithium disilicate (LiDi) or zirconia (Zir) molar crowns over 3 ye...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether sleep bruxism (SB) influences the occurrence of technical complications and affects the survival and success of monolithic lithium disilicate (LiDi) or zirconia (Zir) molar crowns over 3 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective clinical study, 109 patients requiring a single molar crown were assessed for SB using a structured questionnaire, clinical examination, and a portable electromyography device (BruxOff). Based on SB status and randomized crown material allocation, patients were assigned to four groups: LiDi-SB (n = 27), LiDi-no SB (n = 21), Zir-SB (n = 21), and Zir-no SB (n = 24). Protective occlusal guards were not permitted. Follow-up examinations were performed at 1 week, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years after cementation. Differences in technical complications, survival, and success rates were analyzed using Fisher's exact test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No technical complications occurred in any group. Survival rates were 96.3% for LiDi-SB and 100% for LiDi-no SB (95% CI difference: -0.1828 to 0.1481; p > 0.999), and 95.2% for Zir-SB and 95.8% for Zir-no SB (95% CI difference: -0.2190 to 0.1940; p > 0.999). Success rates were 81.5% for LiDi-SB and 95.2% for LiDi-no SB (95% CI difference: -0.3590 to 0.1450; p = 0.211), and 85.7% for Zir-SB and 95.8% for Zir-no SB (95% CI difference: -0.3390 to 0.1530; p = 0.326). CONCLUSION: Within a 3‑year observation period, sleep bruxism showed no detectable impact on the incidence of technical complications or on the survival and success of monolithic LiDi or Zir molar crowns. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03039985).
Nonanoic acid-containing polymethyl methacrylate denture base inhibits Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation.
Zanki A, Alhedyan FS, Hatton PV … +2 more , Wood DJ, Murdoch C
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41967566 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of incorporating the fatty acid, nonanoic acid (NA), as an antifungal agent into denture base material to prevent C. albicans denture colonisation and denture stomatitis. MATERIALS AN...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of incorporating the fatty acid, nonanoic acid (NA), as an antifungal agent into denture base material to prevent C. albicans denture colonisation and denture stomatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antifungal efficacy of NA against C. albicans was assessed by paper disc diffusion assay. NA was incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base and its properties tested. Colonisation of C. albicans on PMMA discs containing NA at 0 to 5% was examined by electron microscopy and XTT assay to measure microbial viability. The antifungal activity NA-containing PMMA discs was assessed using an in vitro tissue-engineered oral mucosal model of denture stomatitis. RESULTS: C. albicans growth was inhibited by NA in a dose-dependent manner in a disc diffusion assay. When incorporated into PMMA, NA decreased the surface roughness of acrylic discs while increasing their wettability. PMMA alone discs showed no antifungal activity, while PMMA-containing NA discs displayed significant dose-dependent C. albicans growth inhibition in disc diffusion assays (p < 0.05) with more potency than conventional antifungals. Moreover, 5% PMMA-NA significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the colonisation of C. albicans on acrylic disc surfaces, preventing yeast-hyphal transformation and biofilm formation in a tissue-engineered oral mucosal infection model. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that NA incorporated into denture material prevents denture-related fungal colonisation and may be an alternative antifungal agent for the prevention of denture stomatitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This is an important discovery with high translational potential, where nonanoic acid targeted both the C. albicans "reservoir" on the denture surface and prevented fungal invasion of oral tissues.
Patient satisfaction, oral health-related quality of life, and temperament profiles following minimally invasive dental aesthetic procedures.
Akyüz S, Karakaya J, Erzin G … +1 more , Ergin E
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41967565 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patient satisfaction, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and temperament profiles following dental aesthetic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study in...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patient satisfaction, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and temperament profiles following dental aesthetic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 130 patients (92 female, 38 male; mean age 26.3 ± 10.5 years) who had undergone at least one dental aesthetic procedure (tooth whitening, diastema closure, fractured tooth restoration, and reshaping of dysmorphic teeth) within the previous 2-4 weeks. Demographic characteristics and aesthetic perceptions were assessed using a researcher-developed questionnaire and VAS Scale. OHRQoL was evaluated with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and temperament traits were assessed using the TEMPS-A scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, McNemar, McNemar-Bowker, Wilcoxon, Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact, Independent Samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in general appearance, smile, self-confidence, mood, and social and professional interactions following treatments (all p < 0.001). Satisfaction with tooth color, alignment, shape, and overall smile increased significantly (p < 0.001). Dominant temperament profiles were uncommon; however, patients receiving dysmorphic tooth reshaping showed a higher prevalence of anxious temperament (p < 0.001). Social media behaviors improved, including reduced smile-hiding and filter use (p < 0.001). Female participants exhibited greater improvements in aesthetic satisfaction than males, whereas post-treatment OHRQoL scores and temperament distributions were comparable between genders. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive dental aesthetic procedures enhance patient satisfaction, aesthetic perception, and OHRQoL. Temperament traits and gender may influence individual psychosocial responses and satisfaction levels following such treatments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the psychosocial benefits of minimally invasive dental aesthetic procedures and the influence of temperament and gender differences may improve expectation management, communication, and individualized patient satisfaction.
Oral health and social engagement of older adults: a longitudinal study.
Lee HP, Shiba K, Cnaan RA … +1 more , Lee JH
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41967564 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study examines whether better oral health is associated with greater social engagement in later life and whether oral health and social engagement are associated with depressive symptoms among older adul...
OBJECTIVES: This study examines whether better oral health is associated with greater social engagement in later life and whether oral health and social engagement are associated with depressive symptoms among older adults. METHODS: We analyze Waves 7-9 (2018, 2020, 2022) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, restricting to adults aged ≥65 years. Oral health is measured by the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Social engagement is captured as a binary indicator for meeting close friends/relatives/neighbors in the past year and the annual frequency of such meetings (days/year). Depressive symptoms are defined as self-reported depression lasting ≥2 weeks or antidepressant use. We estimate associations using panel fixed-effects model and Double Machine Learning to address unobserved individual heterogeneity and reduce model misspecification bias. RESULTS: A standard deviation improvement in GOHAI was associated with an approximately 2-percentage-point higher likelihood of meeting close contacts and about 3 additional meeting days per year. Both meeting close contacts and better oral health were associated with a lower probability of depressive symptoms. Results are robust across sensitivity and falsification tests. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that better oral health is linked to greater social engagement in later life, with potential welfare gains for older adults through a lower risk of depression. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Interventions that improve oral health in older adults may yield benefits beyond function and comfort by supporting social connectedness and reducing psychological risk. Conventional evaluations may understate the social benefits of improving oral health.
Adverse childhood experiences and periodontal diseases and tooth loss in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Krishna-Naik V, Khan A, Hodson NA … +2 more , Tugnait A, O'Connor DB
J Dent · 2026 Aug · PMID 41966251 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if there is an association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and further to evaluate the association between ACEs and tooth loss...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if there is an association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and further to evaluate the association between ACEs and tooth loss as the number of missing teeth has been recognised as a surrogate measure of periodontitis DATA SOURCES: Following comprehensive electronic (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycInfo) and manual literature searches until August 2024, the studies that measured ACEs and reported periodontal disease or tooth loss were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool (EPHPP). A meta-analysis was performed using SPSS version 28 with a random effects model to pool odds ratios and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Further meta regression was conducted to examine if gender moderated these associations. STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers screened 956 titles and abstracts, included 9 studies (108,609 participants) in the systematic review and 8 studies in the meta-analysis. The overall effect size for the association between ACEs and periodontal disease outcomes was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.42-3.39, p<0.001), and for tooth loss was 2.01 (95% CI:1.25-2.76, p<0.001) such that individuals exposed to childhood trauma were twice as likely to have periodontal disease or tooth loss compared to individuals not exposed to childhood trauma. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis found a low-quality evidence for associations between ACEs and indicators of periodontal diseases. However, future studies should use longitudinal study designs and investigate the underlying mechanisms to clarify causal relationships and identify intervention opportunities. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Individuals exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are likely to have periodontal disease or tooth loss compared to individuals not exposed to ACEs. Further it is important to collaborate with mental health professionals for effective comprehensive patient management.
Treatment outcomes of preformed metal crowns placed with the conventional versus hall techniques: One-year randomized controlled trial results.
Mohamed H, Abdalla E, HagOmer N … +1 more , Philip N
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41966250 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Preformed metal crowns (PMCs) have been used for decades to restore carious primary molars as they are extremely durable restorations. PMCs are delivered either by the traditional conventional technique (CT)...
BACKGROUND: Preformed metal crowns (PMCs) have been used for decades to restore carious primary molars as they are extremely durable restorations. PMCs are delivered either by the traditional conventional technique (CT) or the more conservative Hall technique (HT) OBJECTIVES: Assess the CT and the HT of PMC placement with regards to clinical outcomes and restoration survival after 12-months of the PMC restoration. The study also aimed to evaluate the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) resolution following PMC placement by the HT. METHODOLOGY: This study was designed as a non-inferiority, primary care-based, two-arm parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Eighty carious primary molars indicated for PMC restoration were randomly assigned into the CT and HT treatment groups. Standardized procedural techniques were followed in both the treatment groups to restore the carious primary molars with PMCs. RESULTS: After 12-months of PMC placement, 73 of the 80 initially recruited trial participants returned for follow-up assessment. The clinical outcomes of all the PMC-restored teeth in both the CT and HT treatment groups were recognized as 'Successful' with none of the treated teeth experiencing any 'Major' or 'Minor' failures. All the PMC-restored primary molars in the CT and HT groups were functionally present at the 12-month follow-up (100% survival rate). The average increase in OVD immediately after crown placement by the HT was 1.18±0.68 mm. OVD reverted to its pre-treatment values within one-month of the PMC placement with no significant difference in OVD measurements at baseline and one-month after the HT PMC placement (P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical success outcomes and restoration survival rates were similar for both the CT and HT of PMC placement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The non-invasive HT of placing PMCs to restore carious primary molars is a viable alternative to the traditional CT.
Effects of S-PRG filler-containing denture adhesive on Candida albicans virulence-associated gene expression and cytotoxicity.
Sunami A, Tamura M, Hatano K … +2 more , Kanazawa M, Inokoshi M
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41966249 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of incorporating surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler into denture adhesives on virulence-associated gene expression in Candida albicans and to evaluate...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of incorporating surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler into denture adhesives on virulence-associated gene expression in Candida albicans and to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these formulations. METHODS: Denture adhesives were prepared with S-PRG filler concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%. C. albicans (ATCC 18804) was exposed to each formulation. The expression of lipase (LIP1-LIP10), secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP1-SAP10), and biofilm-related genes (BCR1, RBT1, EAP1, and ECE1) was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cytotoxicity was assessed by colony formation assays with V79 fibroblasts, in accordance with ISO 10993-5:2009, and the 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated for each group. RESULTS: S-PRG filler-containing denture adhesives suppressed the expression of most lipase genes (LIP1-LIP6 and LIP8-LIP10) and some SAP genes (SAP1, SAP3, and SAP8). Biofilm-associated genes involved in initial adhesion (BCR1 and RBT1) were consistently inhibited, suggesting a reduction in early biofilm formation. However, higher filler concentrations produced less consistent suppression, with SAP9 expression increasing for the 10 wt% formulation. Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated reduced cell viability with increasing filler content, indicating a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on fibroblast growth. CONCLUSIONS: S-PRG filler-containing denture adhesives suppressed key virulence-related gene expression in C. albicans, suggesting a potential antimicrobial effect. However, high filler concentrations exhibited cytotoxic effects, indicating a need for further optimization to balance antifungal activity with biocompatibility. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: S-PRG filler-containing denture adhesives may offer a dual clinical benefit by improving denture retention while suppressing Candida albicans virulence and biofilm-related gene expression, potentially reducing denture stomatitis and related systemic infections. Careful optimization is required to ensure biocompatibility and safe long-term use.
Effect of axiopulpal line angle design and cement space settings on seating accuracy of CAD/CAM ceramic inlays: an in vitro study.
Kim D, Jeon MJ, Kang YS … +3 more , Choi YS, Park JK, Seo DG
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41962856 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of the axiopulpal line angle design and different cement space settings on the adaptation of indirect ceramic inlays. METHODS: Standardized Class II cavities were prepared,...
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of the axiopulpal line angle design and different cement space settings on the adaptation of indirect ceramic inlays. METHODS: Standardized Class II cavities were prepared, scanned, and used to design ceramic inlays fabricated with a 5-axis milling unit. Based on the axiopulpal line angle design, the cavities were classified into sharp, rounded, and beveled groups. Each group was further subdivided (n = 10) according to cement space settings as 50, 100, and 50 µm selectively increased to 100 µm at the axiopulpal line angle (50/100 µm). Milling accuracy, occlusal fit, and internal adaptation were examined using the triple-scan method. Statistical analyses were conducted using two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: In the sharp line angle group, the axiopulpal line angle region was under‑milled, resulting in positive discrepancies. The 50 µm cement space group demonstrated greater occlusal discrepancies regardless of the axiopulpal line angle design (p < 0.05). Even with increased cement space settings, the sharp line angle group exhibited statistically significant occlusal discrepancies. Nonsharp line angle groups demonstrated significantly smaller internal gaps and greater cement space uniformity when a cement space of 100 or 50/100 µm was applied (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsharp axiopulpal line angle designs improved milling accuracy and occlusal seating, resulting in smaller and more uniform internal gaps in the 100 and 50/100 µm cement space setting. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nonsharp axiopulpal line angle designs improve milling accuracy and seating in CAD/CAM ceramic inlays. When combined with a 100 µm cement space or selectively increased cement space at the axiopulpal line angle area, thinner and more uniform cement gaps are achieved, which may improve clinical fit and long-term restoration stability.
Effect of fabrication technique on denture tooth-base bond strength: a comparison of conventional, additive, subtractive, and monolithic CAD/CAM workflows.
Terzioglu H, Sarikaya CH
J Dent · 2026 Sep · PMID 41950986 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Debonding of denture teeth from denture base resins remains a common clinical complication, particularly with the increasing adoption of digital denture fabrication techniques. Although monolithic CAD/CAM dent...
OBJECTIVE: Debonding of denture teeth from denture base resins remains a common clinical complication, particularly with the increasing adoption of digital denture fabrication techniques. Although monolithic CAD/CAM dentures eliminate the tooth-base interface, many digital systems rely on bonding prefabricated or printed teeth to milled or printed denture bases, potentially compromising long-term interfacial durability. This in vitro study evaluated shear bond strength (SBS) and failure characteristics across conventional, additive, subtractive, and monolithic CAD/CAM techniques, and further assessed the influence of thermocycling. METHODS: A total of 120 standardized specimens (n = 20 per technique) were fabricated, each consisting of a maxillary central incisor bonded to a cylindrical denture base. Six material groups were evaluated: conventional heat-polymerized PMMA (CONV), two additively manufactured groups (3DP-1, 3DP-2), a separately milled group (SM), and two monolithic milled groups (MM-1, MM-2). Specimens were further allocated into non-thermocycled and thermocycled subgroups (n = 10). Thermocycling was performed for 10,000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were evaluated using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Fabrication technique and thermocycling significantly affected SBS (P < 0.001). Monolithic milled groups demonstrated the highest SBS and aging resistance, whereas the SM group showed the lowest values and greatest degradation. CONCLUSIONS: SBS between denture base and denture teeth is strongly influenced by fabrication technique. Monolithic CAD/CAM milling provides superior bond durability and resistance to thermal aging. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results indicate that denture fabrication technique directly influences tooth-base bonding reliability. Monolithic design may reduce tooth debonding by eliminating the adhesive interface, whereas systems requiring bonding of prefabricated teeth, particularly separately milled designs, may be more prone to interfacial failure after thermal aging. When bonded designs are used, clinicians should consider material compatibility and surface treatments to improve long-term retention.
Beyond exam accuracy: Tracking a persistent-failure set reveals visual dental reasoning gaps in multimodal LLMs.
Mine Y, Taji T, Okazaki S … +6 more , Takeda S, Shimoe S, Kaku M, Nikawa H, Kakimoto N, Murayama T
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41946430 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To benchmark late-2025 general-purpose multimodal large language models (LLMs) on the Japanese National Dental Examination (JNDE) and to reassess a previously identified persistent-failure set. METHODS: GPT-5...
OBJECTIVES: To benchmark late-2025 general-purpose multimodal large language models (LLMs) on the Japanese National Dental Examination (JNDE) and to reassess a previously identified persistent-failure set. METHODS: GPT-5.2T, Claude 4.5, and Gemini 3 were tested in January 2026 using a zero-shot protocol (no prompt engineering) on 350 publicly released JNDE-2025 questions (202 text-only; 148 visually-based) and on 33 questions in a persistent-failure set that had been answered incorrectly by all models in a prior JNDE-2024 evaluation. Responses were scored against the official answer key; paired accuracies were compared using Cochran's Q test followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni-adjusted p values. RESULTS: Overall accuracy was high across all three models, but each model performed worse on visually-based than on text-only questions (71.0-79.7 % vs 91.6-95.5 %). Gemini 3 achieved the highest overall accuracy (88.9 %, 311/350), followed by GPT-5.2T (84.3 %, 295/350) and Claude 4.5 (84.0 %, 294/350). Twenty-one questions (6.0 %) were missed by all models and were predominantly visually-based (16/21), clustering in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics. In the persistent-failure set, 5/33 questions were answered correctly by all models, whereas 9/33 remained incorrect across all models. CONCLUSIONS: Licensing-examination benchmarking yields near-ceiling performance on text-only questions, but substantial gaps remain in visual dental reasoning. Whole-examination benchmarking should therefore be complemented by modality-stratified reporting and dentistry-specific challenge sets to track meaningful progress beyond aggregate examination accuracy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: High aggregate examination accuracy should not be interpreted as sufficient evidence to judge the reliability of image-conditioned dental support; more clinically grounded evaluations are required.
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