Journal Of Dentistry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Time-course of clinical efficacy of a 5% calcium-sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste on dentine hypersensitivity.
Creeth J, Goyal CR, Qiu J … +4 more , Lamptey M, Sanchez E, Qaqish J, Pereira PG
J Dent · 2026 Aug · PMID 42013973 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Anhydrous toothpastes containing 5% calcium-sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) have well-established long-term efficacy against dentine hypersensitivity (DH). However, short-term efficacy is not well-characterised...
OBJECTIVES: Anhydrous toothpastes containing 5% calcium-sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) have well-established long-term efficacy against dentine hypersensitivity (DH). However, short-term efficacy is not well-characterised. This study investigated the degree of DH reduction over 3-56 days' twice-daily brushing with a 5% CSPS toothpaste and also explored user-reported impact on oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL), via a DH Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-48). METHODS: This single-centre, 8-week, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, 2 treatment-arm, stratified, parallel-design clinical study evaluated DH reduction from a twice-daily brushing regimen using a 5% w/w CSPS toothpaste containing NaF (Test), compared to a regimen using a conventional NaF-silica toothpaste (Reference), in an orally-healthy DH population. Two non-adjacent teeth with clinically confirmed DH were selected. DH was assessed, by Schiff score (evaporative stimulus) and Tactile threshold (Yeaple probe), at Baseline and after 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d and 56d. DHEQ experience questionnaires were completed at 28d and 56d. RESULTS: 217 participants were screened; 215 completed the study. The Test regimen significantly reduced examiner-assessed DH at all post-Baseline timepoints for both efficacy measures (p < 0.0001); these changes were significantly greater than those observed from the Reference regimen (all p < 0.001). DH reduction from the Test regimen markedly increased during the study. DHEQ scores in the Test group decreased progressively through the study, although treatment-related differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the 5% CSPS anhydrous toothpaste reduced DH compared to a marketed NaF-silica toothpaste, by 2 clinically-assessed measures. DH reduction was significant after 3 days, growing progressively over 8 weeks. Treatments were generally well-tolerated. Registration #NCT06378008 (Clinicaltrials.gov). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A 5% calcium-sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste provided dentine hypersensitivity relief amongst sufferers within 3d; relief progressively increased over time, demonstrating its effectiveness as a treatment option.
Zygomatic implants for rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scocca V, Dell'Aversana Orabona G
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 42009191 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation of extensive maxillary defects after oncology resection is challenging due to anatomical complexity, functional impairment, and effects of radiotherapy (RT). Zygomatic implants (ZIs) offer a ve...
BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation of extensive maxillary defects after oncology resection is challenging due to anatomical complexity, functional impairment, and effects of radiotherapy (RT). Zygomatic implants (ZIs) offer a versatile solution, providing predictable functional and prosthetic outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate ZI survival, failure rates, timing of placement, complications, and patient-reported outcomes in oncology patients. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID 1245,372). PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched from 1950 to 2025 for studies reporting outcomes of ZIs in oncology patients undergoing maxillary rehabilitation. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Single-arm meta-analyses assessed overall implant survival, failure according to surgical timing, and failure in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q and I², publication bias with funnel plots and Egger's test, and robustness of results with a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen studies including 294 patients and 679 ZIs were analyzed. Pooled overall survival was 97% (95%CI: 94-99; I²=42.4%). Failure rates were 2% for implants placed at primary surgery and 9% at secondary surgery (p = 0.4073). Radiotherapy was associated with higher, though not statistically significant, odds of failure (OR=3.42; 95%CI: 0.97-12.06; p = 0.0546). Patient-reported outcome measures consistently showed satisfactory oral function, mastication, speech, and psychosocial well-being, even in irradiated patients. CONCLUSION: ZIs provide a reliable, predictable option for maxillary rehabilitation in oncology patients, achieving high survival, low failure, and improved quality of life. Placement at the time of primary resection may offer additional benefit, and rehabilitation remains feasible after radiotherapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: ZIs represent a predictable and minimally invasive solution for the functional rehabilitation of oncology patients with extensive maxillary defects, even in the presence of previous or planned radiotherapy. The high survival rates and favourable patient-reported outcomes observed in this review support their routine use in appropriately selected patients and emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary planning and optimal timing of placement.
Dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles promote angiogenesis and pro-regenerative macrophages polarization in the presence of titanium debris: a rabbit critical defect model.
Toledano M, Vallecillo C, Toledano-Osorio M … +4 more , Osorio R, Gil J, Gutiérrez JL, Torres-Lagares D
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 42009190 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of peri‑implantitis sometimes encompasses bone regeneration procedures performed in junction with implantoplasty. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate if titanium debris (Tid) produc...
OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of peri‑implantitis sometimes encompasses bone regeneration procedures performed in junction with implantoplasty. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate if titanium debris (Tid) produced by abrasion of dental implants may alter the cellular response, the osteogenic capacity and vascularization in a critical-size calvarial bone defect model in rabbit. It was also assessed if dexamethasone-doped polymeric nanoparticles, combined with calcium phosphate, may help to overcome these impairments. METHODS: Four critical bone defects were performed on six New Zealand-bred rabbit skulls. In each of the four bone defects, the following materials were placed: 1) unfilled (control), 2) calcium phosphate particles (CaP), 3) CaP and Tid, 4) CaP and Tid with dexamethasone-doped polymeric nanoparticles (Dex-NPs) loaded onto the CaP. After six weeks, animals were euthanized and both cellularity (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, M1 and M2 macrophages) and vasculature were characterized and quantified using toluidine-blue (TB)-stained sections. RESULTS: Bone defects treated with CaP attained the highest numbers of osteocytes and osteoblasts, and the lowest numbers of osteoclasts, among groups. In the presence of Tid, the bone defects treated with CaP showed the highest numbers of M1, and Dex-NPs reduced the number of M1 cells. The CaP+Tid group attained the highest M1/M2 ratio, but significantly lower than that attained in the unfilled group. Both CaP and CaP+Tid+Dex-NPs produced the highest number of blood vessels among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tid tended to increase the M1/M2 ratio, leading to a pro-inflammatory cellular profile. Dex-NPs with CaP prompted the M1/M2 ratio decrease in the presence of Tid. Hence, reducing Tid-induced inflammation and osteolysis and thus gaining both osteoconductivity and neovascularization within the bone defect. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of Tid reduces osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and upregulated osteoclastogenesis. Incorporation of Dex-NPs in the graft material, at the bone defect, reverted the previous findings, favoring macrophages polarization into a regenerative profile, increasing the osteogenic potential and, consequently, refining the bone defect closure.
Deep learning-based segmentation of enamel, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva in periodontal ultrasound images.
Piao JZ, Hu KS, Jung HS … +1 more , Kim HJ
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 42009189 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To develop a deep learning-based multi-class segmentation model for the simultaneous segmentation of key periodontal structures, including enamel, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva, in ultrasound images, a...
OBJECTIVES: To develop a deep learning-based multi-class segmentation model for the simultaneous segmentation of key periodontal structures, including enamel, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva, in ultrasound images, and to enable precise localization of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), alveolar bone crest (ABC), and gingival margin (GM). METHODS: A novel dual-stream deep learning architecture featuring stochastic block shuffling was proposed. The model was trained for simultaneous four-class segmentation on an internal dataset of 752 images and validated on an external test set of 111 images. The resulting segmentation masks were subsequently used to identify three anatomical landmarks: the CEJ, ABC, and GM. RESULTS: The model demonstrated strong segmentation performance, with median Dice similarity coefficient, intersection over union, precision, sensitivity, 95% Hausdorff distance, and average symmetric surface distance values of 0.891, 0.805, 0.887, 0.909, 0.083 mm, and 0.028 mm, respectively, for the internal set, and 0.841, 0.728, 0.781, 0.921, 0.089 mm, and 0.032 mm, respectively, for the external set. In the assessment of landmark localization accuracy, the model achieved median distance errors of 0.06 mm, 0.08 mm, and 0.06 mm for the CEJ, ABC, and GM, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed deep learning model enabled accurate automated multi-class segmentation of periodontal structures in ultrasound images and facilitated highly precise localization of anatomical landmarks derived from the segmentation masks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed automatic multi-class segmentation model may assist dental clinicians in visualizing and interpreting periodontal ultrasound images. This approach shows promise for supporting broader clinical adoption of ultrasonography for the evaluation of periodontal conditions and preoperative digital planning, including periodontal disease management, restorative treatment, and orthodontic care.
Illuminating the evidence: A comprehensive review of light-assisted in-office tooth bleaching.
Queiroz MVGB, Dascanio R, Hutemma VH … +4 more , Chiovetto DA, Lima AF, Soto-Montero JR, Kury M
J Dent · 2026 Aug · PMID 42009188 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To critically synthesize evidence on the role of light sources in-office tooth bleaching, including high-power lasers, LEDs of different wavelength profiles, photocatalytic bleaching strategies, and photobiomo...
OBJECTIVE: To critically synthesize evidence on the role of light sources in-office tooth bleaching, including high-power lasers, LEDs of different wavelength profiles, photocatalytic bleaching strategies, and photobiomodulation (PBM), focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety. STUDY SELECTION: A narrative review was conducted using a structured and comprehensive search strategy across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and selected grey literature. After duplicate removal, title/abstract screening, and full-text evaluation, 242 studies were included (predominantly in vitro and randomized clinical trials - RCT). Only in-office bleaching protocols using lasers and LEDs were included, while studies based on at-home systems, halogen, xenon lamps, and plasma devices were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that investigated visible-light sources did not consistently enhance bleaching efficacy of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide (HP). Wavelength-screening experiments show that meaningful photochemical enhancement occurs within the near-UV range, which is clinically undesirable. Violet LEDs (combined with low-concentration HP (6-15%) demonstrated improved efficacy and reduced sensitivity. When paired with photocatalysts, such as TiO, violet LED can further potentiate gel's efficacy while maintaining biocompatibility. Further RCT are necessary to confirm these findings. PBM (660-810 nm) does not activate peroxide but may modulate pulpal inflammation, although clinical analgesic effects remain inconsistent and protocol-dependent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Current evidence does not confirm the clinical necessity of light activation for high-concentration gels. The most promising emerging approach is the violet LED-assisted activation of low-concentration peroxide or photocatalytic systems and PMB for modulating tooth sensitivity.
Fully digital and robot-assisted workflow for mandibular molar autotransplantation: A proof-of-concept.
Liu C, Hou R, Chen G … +4 more , Zhou L, Zhang Y, Bai S, Zhao Y
J Dent · 2026 Sep · PMID 42002022 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To present a robot-assisted protocol for autogenous mandibular molar transplantation using an autonomous robotic system for shape-matched recipient socket preparation. METHODS: The novel workflow comprises th...
OBJECTIVES: To present a robot-assisted protocol for autogenous mandibular molar transplantation using an autonomous robotic system for shape-matched recipient socket preparation. METHODS: The novel workflow comprises the following steps: 1) Preoperative planning: Based on preoperative intraoral scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, the transplant position of the donor tooth was precisely planned, and the surgical path was generated. An intraoral registration device was designed and fabricated, and a donor tooth replica was 3D-printed. 2) Intraoperative execution: Following the preoperative plan, the robot performed supervised autonomous, layer-by-layer, incremental milling to prepare a personalized osteotomy socket that accurately matched the donor root morphology. All remaining surgical steps were completed by the surgeon. 3) Post-operative evaluation: Intraoperative post-operative CBCT was acquired for accuracy analysis and assessment. RESULTS: The procedure was completed successfully, with no intra- or post-operative complications reported. All positional and angular deviations of the transplanted tooth fell within clinically acceptable limits. CONCLUSIONS: A workflow for tooth autotransplantation using an autonomous robotic system was successfully implemented, preliminarily demonstrating its ability to achieve accurate morphologically matched socket preparation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposes and validates a complete digital and robot-assisted method for socket preparation in autotransplantation, offering a novel technical pathway toward personalized, high-precision tooth transplantation. The approach holds promise for improving procedural predictability and standardization; however, its clinical benefits require further validation through larger controlled studies.
Workforce model interventions for the oral health of older adults in long-term care facilities: An umbrella review.
Tang R, Yu E, Saeed F … +6 more , Wang B, Nair S, Rahaman KS, Ekanayake K, Uthurralt N, Arora A
J Dent · 2026 Aug · PMID 42002021 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This umbrella review synthesises evidence from systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of workforce model interventions aimed at improving oral health care for older adults in Long Term Care Facilitie...
OBJECTIVE: This umbrella review synthesises evidence from systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of workforce model interventions aimed at improving oral health care for older adults in Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs). DATA AND SOURCES: This review was registered with PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) guidelines. We searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane) and identified reviews published before January 2026. Data were extracted using a piloted template, and the methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Outcomes of interest were the oral-health status and behaviour of residents, as well as staff oral-health knowledge and attitudes. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS: We screened 2911 articles, including nine in the final stage. After data extraction, we grouped the findings into four intervention categories: theoretical teaching, train-the-trainer models, oral-health professional (OHP)-led training with or without ongoing support, and direct provision of oral care. Findings suggest that OHP-led interventions with ongoing clinical support produced the most consistent and sustained improvements in the oral-health status of residents and staff oral-health knowledge. In contrast, OHP-led interventions without ongoing clinical support, theoretical teaching, and train-the-trainer models yielded only short-term gains with limited long-term effects. Direct professional care was highly effective in improving the oral health of residents but demonstrated limited feasibility and scalability in the LTCF setting. CONCLUSION: A multicomponent approach combining OHP-led training with ongoing support and a train-the-trainer model may have the greatest long-term feasibility and effectiveness in improving the oral health of adults in aged care. However, further research is needed to investigate multifactorial workforce model interventions in LTCFs to better inform future policy recommendations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Sustained oral health improvements in aged‑care residents are most achievable when OHP‑led training is paired with ongoing clinical support. One‑off education offers limited long‑term benefit, highlighting the need for continuous, multicomponent workforce models in LTCFs.
Cytotoxic effects of glass ionomer cements modified by metallic agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Danelon M, Nunes GP, Alves RO … +2 more , Hannig C, Sterzenbach T
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41997415 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to assess the effect of incorporating metallic agents into glass ionomer cements on cytotoxicity. DATA SOURCES: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic s...
OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to assess the effect of incorporating metallic agents into glass ionomer cements on cytotoxicity. DATA SOURCES: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Library Cochrane and Web of Science was performed to identify eligible studies published up to February 1, 2026. STUDY SELECTION: The eligibility criteria included in vitro studies. The data were analyzed using RevMan software, and bias risk was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for in vitro studies. RESULTS: Out of 924-screened records, 13 studies were included. Results showed that the incorporation of metallic agents such as silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and magnesium carbonate apatite did not significantly compromise the cytocompatibility of glass ionomer cements. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that cell viability of pulp cells and fibroblasts remained comparable to control groups, indicating that these modifications maintain baseline cytotoxicity profiles while potentially providing additional functional properties. The meta-analysis showed that metallic agent-modified glass ionomer cements did not affect the viability of pulp cells or fibroblasts at any of the evaluated time points, indicating that these modifications preserve baseline cytocompatibility. The studies showed a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence indicates that the incorporation of metallic agents into glass ionomer cements generally preserves cytocompatibility, with most in vitro studies reporting no significant cytotoxic effects. Cytotoxic responses are influenced by the type and concentration of the metallic additive. Nevertheless, the predominance of laboratory-based evidence highlights the need for well-designed in vivo studies to confirm biological safety and support the translational potential of these modified materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Glass ionomer cements modified with metallic agents show favorable cytocompatibility in vitro when proper formulation parameters are followed. Concentration-dependent biological effects highlight the need for careful material design. These findings support further research on metal-modified glass ionomer cements as restorative materials that maintain biocompatibility while improving physicomechanical properties.
Comparative effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride for cavitated dentinal lesions in primary molars: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
Garcia-Miralles E, Marqués-Martínez L, Guinot-Barona C … +2 more , Carmona SantaMaría M, Aura-Tormos JI
J Dent · 2026 Jul · PMID 41997414 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To synthesise and critically appraise evidence from randomised controlled trials directly comparing silver diamine fluoride with conventional restorative treatments for the management of cavitated dentinal ca...
OBJECTIVES: To synthesise and critically appraise evidence from randomised controlled trials directly comparing silver diamine fluoride with conventional restorative treatments for the management of cavitated dentinal caries in primary molars. DATA: Data on caries arrest and treatment failure or need for retreatment at ≤12 months were extracted from eligible studies. Effect estimates were reported as risk ratios with 95 % confidence intervals. SOURCES: Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus up to October 2025, supplemented by manual screening of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials comparing silver diamine fluoride with conventional restorative treatments for cavitated dentinal lesions in primary molars were included. Two trials met the eligibility criteria. Due to heterogeneity in outcome definitions and study design, quantitative pooling was not feasible. CONCLUSIONS: Available randomised evidence is limited but suggests that silver diamine fluoride may provide favourable short-term outcomes for cavitated dentinal caries in primary molars compared with conventional restorative treatments. Further well-designed trials with longer follow-up are needed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Based on limited randomised evidence, silver diamine fluoride may offer a minimally invasive option for managing cavitated caries in primary molars. Its simplicity and low cost make it particularly relevant in young children and community-based settings.
Do all multi-peak LED light-curing units emit similar light outputs?
Maucoski C, MacNeil BD, Guarneri JAG … +2 more , Labrie D, Price RB
J Dent · 2026 Sep · PMID 41997413 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To determine if general conclusions can be made about multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs). METHODS: Eight contemporary multi-peak LED-based LCUs were tested. The total power and sp...
OBJECTIVES: To determine if general conclusions can be made about multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs). METHODS: Eight contemporary multi-peak LED-based LCUs were tested. The total power and spectral radiant power were measured using a spectroradiometer attached to an integrating sphere. The peak wavelengths, peak heights, and integrated peak areas of the LCUs in the blue and violet regions were analyzed. To determine the potential effect of the resin-based composite (RBC) on the transmission of light from multi-peak LCUs, the light transmitted through 0.5, 2 and 4-mm thick specimens of Filtek Supreme and Tetric plus Fill was also measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Games-Howell tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences in the power and spectral radiant power values among the LCUs. While there were differences in the violet peaks between the standard and high-output, short-exposure modes for five LCUs, there were no differences in the violet peaks between the exposure modes of the Bluephase PowerCure and PinkWave. The CV-215i Plus emitted a pronounced spectral imbalance and emitted very little violet light. The transmitted light decreased with increasing RBC thickness, and violet wavelengths were more affected than blue wavelengths. CONCLUSIONS: The eight multi-peak LCUs exhibited very different blue-to-violet power ratios and distributions; thus, general conclusions about multi-peak LCUs should not be made. RBC thickness and composition significantly affected light transmission, with greater attenuation of violet light. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: General conclusions about the performance of "multi-peak" LCUs are not warranted. Since very little violet light penetrates through the RBC, it is unlikely that a multi-peak LCU will activate violet-dependent photoinitiators at the bottom of bulk-fill RBCs.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Maxillary and Mandibular Third Molar Impaction and Vertical and Anteroposterior Dimensions of the Face.
Sheikhi M, Nasiri M, Amani M … +2 more , Abdolhosseinzadeh L, Zamani F
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994067 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The impaction of the third molar is associated with specific facial skeletal and dental characteristics. Therefore, determining the type of facial skeletal growth may help predict third molar impaction and as...
BACKGROUND: The impaction of the third molar is associated with specific facial skeletal and dental characteristics. Therefore, determining the type of facial skeletal growth may help predict third molar impaction and assist in treatment planning. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the impaction of the maxillary and mandibular third molars with the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the face, as well as to examine the prevalence and type of impaction. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this descriptive-analytical study, panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 200 patients who were referred to a radiology center in Zanjan were examined. The position, angle, and type of impaction were evaluated on the panoramic radiographs, and the type of vertical and anteroposterior facial profile was determined through lateral cephalometry. Finally, the correlation between impaction and the type of facial profile was analyzed with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of third molar impaction was higher in patients with skeletal Class II and those with a dolichofacial profile (55.5% and 63.5%). Class B, Class II, and mesioangular impactions were more common in the mandible, whereas Class C and distoangular impactions were more prevalent in the maxilla. The level of third molar impaction in the mandible was significantly related to the vertical dimension of the face (= 0.003). The angle of impaction in the mandible was significantly associated with both the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the face (= 0.036 and = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study can be beneficial in orthodontics for evaluating the impact of third molar impaction on dental crowding and facilitating the development of appropriate treatment plans. Knowing which individuals are more susceptible to third molar impaction enables specialists to implement early interventions. Additionally, timely referrals to oral and maxillofacial surgeons can be made when necessary.
Exploring the Feasibility of P7 Medicine Principles in Dental Practice (P7 Dentistry).
Saeedzadeh M, Hamedani S, Nemati S
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994066 · Full text
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Investigation of Voids in the Apical Plug of MTA Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Digital Radiography, and Analog Radiography.
Eskandarinezhad M, Razi S, Pirzadeh T … +3 more , Bagheri Sabzevar S, Nazari L, Akhondian S
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994065 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Achieving a satisfactory apical seal in root canals with open apices can be challenging, with the risk of filling material extrusion into the apex. Timely detection of voids in root canal filling material is...
BACKGROUND: Achieving a satisfactory apical seal in root canals with open apices can be challenging, with the risk of filling material extrusion into the apex. Timely detection of voids in root canal filling material is crucial to prevent complications. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), digital radiography, and conventional radiography in detecting voids in mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this in vitro study, thirty-two extracted upper maxillary incisors underwent decoronation, root canal instrumentation, and simulation of an apexification model for open apex teeth. The samples were then divided into two groups (n=16) based on void sizes including group A in which MTA was compacted manually as an apical plug, and group B in which MTA apical plug was made with simulated voids using an 0.4-mm diameter needle. CBCT, digital, and analog radiography scans were performed on all samples. The images were assessed by an endodontist and a radiologist to identify the presence of voids. The accuracy of the three methods in detecting voids in MTA apical plugs was evaluated using Chi-square analysis. RESULTS: CBCT (43.8%) showed superior detection of small voids (group A) compared to analog (37.5%) and digital (18.7%) radiography methods, with analog radiography being more effective than digital radiography (= 0.037). For large void detection (group B), digital radiography (94%) outperformed the other methods, while analog (81.3%) and CBCT (81.3%) techniques exhibited similar diagnostic abilities (= 0.034). The significance level was set at < 0.05. CONCLUSION: CBCT imaging is more effective than analog radiography for detecting small voids, and both methods outperform digital radiography, likely due to CBCT's three-dimensional imaging capabilities. In diagnosing large voids, digital radiography showed higher accuracy than the other techniques, while CBCT and analog radiography had similar diagnostic abilities. Variations in image processing and radiation doses used might account for the differences between these techniques.
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Periodontitis.
Kami M, Saghaeian Jazi M, Allahyari M … +1 more , Fakhari E
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994064 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Considering the role of vitamin D in regulation of the bone metabolism and the immune system, some have suggested the effect of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in susceptibility to periodontitis. PURPOSE...
BACKGROUND: Considering the role of vitamin D in regulation of the bone metabolism and the immune system, some have suggested the effect of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in susceptibility to periodontitis. PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms , , , and and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this case-control study, 51 patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis (case group) and 51 without (control group) were enrolled. Blood samples were taken to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) after DNA extraction. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17, SNPStats, using Chi-square and t-test. RESULTS: The allelic frequencies of SNP1 () ( Value=0.089), SNP2 () (= 0.481), SNP3 () (= 0.566), and SNP4 () (= 0.658) were not different between the groups. Genotype frequencies in the four hereditary models of codominant, dominant, recessive and, overdominant were not different in any SNPs. Of 12 haplotypes identified in the study population, TCbF was most frequent in the case group and tABF in the control group (> 0.05). CONCLUSION: No significant association was found between VDR gene polymorphisms and periodontitis.
The Effect of Different Rotary Systems on Creating Intracanal Dentinal Defects: An Study.
Abbaszadegan A, Adl A, Nemati F … +1 more , Ranjbar N
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994063 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The creation of intracanal dentinal defects during root canal preparation is a concern in endodontic treatment; as such defects can compromise the integrity of the tooth and potentially lead to fractures or f...
BACKGROUND: The creation of intracanal dentinal defects during root canal preparation is a concern in endodontic treatment; as such defects can compromise the integrity of the tooth and potentially lead to fractures or failure of the treatment. Rotary systems, commonly used for shaping root canals, vary in their design, material, and cutting mechanisms, which may influence the extent of dentinal defects they induce. However, the comparative impact of different rotary systems on the formation of these defects remains unclear. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four rotary systems (One-curve, One-shape, Neolix, and ProTaper Universal) on the creation of intracanal dentinal defects in extracted human teeth. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, seventy extracted human mandibular incisor teeth with straight roots and no extra canals or existing dentinal defects were selected and randomly divided into five groups, including one control group and four experimental groups. In the control group (n=10), no instrumentation was performed. In the experimental groups (n=15 each), instrumentation was done using the rotary systems ProTaper Universal, Neolix, One-shape, and One-curve, respectively. All groups received the same amount of irrigation: 12mL of 2% sodium hypochlorite followed by 3mL of sterile saline. The roots were then horizontally sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and evaluated under a stereomicroscope for the presence of intracanal defects. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The lowest and highest rates of dentinal cracks were observed in the One-curve and One-shape groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed among the experimental groups ( Value=0.46). CONCLUSION: All tested rotary systems induced dentinal defects. The lowest and highest incidence of dentinal defects occurred in teeth prepared using the One-curve (26%) and One-shape (53%) rotary instruments, respectively.
Investigating the Relationship Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors.
Farhadi A, Dehghani Nazhvani A, Faghihi F … +2 more , Khademi MH, Rezazadeh H
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994062 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 is a common virus that can affect everyone, especially immunocompromised patients. The virus is present in various leukemias and solid tumors, and several B19-related diseases including autoimm...
BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 is a common virus that can affect everyone, especially immunocompromised patients. The virus is present in various leukemias and solid tumors, and several B19-related diseases including autoimmune disorders, hepatitis, vasculitis, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, and some thyroid cancers have been described. PURPOSE: This investigation aimed to quantify the frequency of human Parvovirus-B19 infection in salivary gland tumors, both benign and malignant. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, 71 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens associated with benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, along with tissues from 30 normal salivary glands from the maxillofacial pathology laboratory of Shiraz Dental School, Chamran, and Rajai teaching hospitals (the main two major referral centers), were examined using nested-PCR to determine if B19 DNA was present. All data, including age, sex, location, and the presence of the virus, were considered, presented in tables, and statistically analyzed. The prevalence of B19 was compared to the normal salivary gland group. RESULTS: B19 DNA was identified in 11 specimens (15.5%) out of the 71 available specimens from the patient group. None of the specimens from the normal salivary gland group tested positive for B19 DNA. Consequently, the prevalence of B19 in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the normal salivary gland group ( Value = 0.031). There was no significant relationship between age, sex, location, type of tumor, and the presence of B19 infection. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated a relationship between the presence of B19 parvovirus in the patient group compared to that in the control groups. Based on our study's findings, it can be assumed that B19 virus is likely to be presenting in both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.
Investigating the Relationship between Stress and Emotional Intelligence with Academic Progress of Dental Students by Measuring Salivary Cortisol Levels.
Barakian Y, Kazemimoeen F, Asayesh H … +2 more , Hajisadeghi S, Keykha E
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994061 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Dental schools can be a stressful place that may impair students' performance. This stress can be related to several salivary biomarkers such as salivary cortisol. Also, emotional intelligence (EI) is one of...
BACKGROUND: Dental schools can be a stressful place that may impair students' performance. This stress can be related to several salivary biomarkers such as salivary cortisol. Also, emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the important factors in adapting people to the environment. PURPOSE: This research investigated the relationship between stress and EI with academic progress in Qom's Dental School students. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study measured salivary cortisol using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. It involved 88 dental students in their third to sixth years. The required data were gathered using two standard questionnaires, namely Wang and Law's EI scale and the dental environment stress questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and independent t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 88 students participated in this research, of which 54.5% were female. Salivary cortisol had no relationship with EI or stress from the dental environment ( Value= 0.201). A direct relationship was found between EI and dental environment stress ( Value= 0.011). CONCLUSION: This study found no association between salivary cortisol levels, dental environment stress, and EI. Additionally, cortisol levels were inversely related to students' annual grade point average. Conversely, there was no correlation between annual grade point average and EI.
Does Air Abrasion of Dentin Affect the Bonding Performance of Different Universal Adhesives?
Safaei-Firoozabadi F, Hashemi Moghadam F, Tabatabaei SF … +2 more , Nemati S, Madisiar F
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994060 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Despite significant advancements in adhesive systems, the bond between tooth-colored restorations and dental hard tissues remains a challenge. PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of air abrasion...
BACKGROUND: Despite significant advancements in adhesive systems, the bond between tooth-colored restorations and dental hard tissues remains a challenge. PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of air abrasion on the bond strength and microleakage of universal adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Eighty intact third molars were used in this study. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was tested on 32 teeth, and microleakage was assessed on 48 teeth. For μTBS testing, occlusal enamel was removed to expose a flat dentin surface. Standardized Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces for the microleakage test. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the universal adhesive system used: All-Bond Universal, G-Premio Bond, G2-Bond Universal, and Clearfil SE Universal Bond. Each group was further split into two subgroups based on whether air abrasion pretreatment was applied. A 4-mm composite resin block (Tetric-N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) was built on the bonding surface for μTBS, and Class V cavities were restored with the same composite for microleakage evaluation. Then μTBS was measured using a universal testing machine, while microleakage was assessed via dye penetration. Data were analyzed using Tukey and t-tests for μTBS, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for microleakage, with significance set at α = 0.05. RESULTS: Air abrasion significantly improved μTBS for All-Bond Universal and Clearfil SE Universal Bond (< 0.001), G-Premio Bond (= 0.041), and G2-Bond Universal (= 0.027). However, it did not significantly affect microleakage (= 0.32). CONCLUSION: Pretreating dentin with air abrasion enhances the bond strength of universal adhesives without increasing microleakage, supporting its use in restorative procedures.
Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma of the Palate: A Rare Case Report with Diagnostic Considerations.
Mohammadi I, Keshani F, Fattahi B … +2 more , Mehdi Soltani M, Roghani A
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994059 · Full text
Osteosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant primary bone tumor that infrequently occurs in the maxillofacial region. Among these, maxillary osteosarcomas are uncommon, and their occurrence in the palatal region is except...
Osteosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant primary bone tumor that infrequently occurs in the maxillofacial region. Among these, maxillary osteosarcomas are uncommon, and their occurrence in the palatal region is exceptionally rare, with fewer than five cases reported to date. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma, a subtype characterized by cartilaginous and osteoid components, poses diagnostic challenges due to its histological similarities with other cartilaginous tumors. This study presents a 35-year-old female referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with a one-month history of palatal pain and swelling which worsened during eating. Clinical examination revealed a firm, ulcerated mass on the right side of the hard palate, clinically mimicking oral squamous cell carcinoma or salivary gland neoplasms. Radiographic evaluation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed an ill-defined, mixed-density lesion with a moth-eaten appearance, cortical bone destruction, and root resorption of adjacent teeth- features suggestive of an aggressive malignancy. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma, a rare histologic subtype characterized by malignant cells producing both osteoid and cartilaginous matrix. Given its resemblance to other cartilaginous tumors, particularly chondrosarcoma, this subtype presents significant diagnostic challenges. The patient underwent hemimaxillectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Intraoperative frozen section pathology was used to confirm tumor-free surgical margins- an essential step in reducing recurrence risk. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of rare craniofacial malignancies such as chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and prompt aggressive treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis and reducing recurrence in such complex and rare presentations.
AI-Powered Microscopic Diagnostic Techniques for Detection: A Systematic Review.
Shoorgashti R, Jafari F, Lesan S
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41994058 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) powered technologies can help detect () infections, which are a public health challenge due to increasing incidence rates and conventional therapy resistance. PURPOSE: This revie...
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) powered technologies can help detect () infections, which are a public health challenge due to increasing incidence rates and conventional therapy resistance. PURPOSE: This review explores recent advancements, methodologies, and clinical implications in the AI-driven microscopic detection of . MATERIALS AND METHOD: A literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Following a thorough review of the retrieved articles, 7 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS: This review analyzed 7 studies that employed AI and machine learning (ML) to detect the presence of . The most commonly used dataset for detecting through AI was microscopic images. Two studies employed time-lapse microscopy, and another study used the microorganism's smell fingerprint or volatile organic compounds with an impressive accuracy of 97.70%. The accuracy of detecting through AI using microscopic images ranged from 63% to 100% depending on the model used. CONCLUSION: AI can improve the detection of infections. It can enhance the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of detection, providing clinicians with invaluable support in identifying infections earlier, optimizing treatment strategies, and ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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