Asia Pacific Journal Of Clinical Nutrition[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Postprandial variability in plasma long-chain omega-3 is independent of supplement lipid structure.
Sinclair AJ, Li D
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338948 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postprandial variations in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) responses to vegetable oils are well established, but their origins remain unclear. This study examined the variability of postprandial p...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postprandial variations in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) responses to vegetable oils are well established, but their origins remain unclear. This study examined the variability of postprandial plasma long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LC omega-3) in response to commonly used supplements and foods and considers the biological implications of this variability. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A literature review was conducted to identify postprandial studies that reported variability in plasma LC omega-3 responses to supplementation. Studies were included if variability could be expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) for the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Twenty-one studies encompassing 36 different treatments were identified. Supplements included LC omega-3 in the form of TAG, monoacylglycerols (MAG), free fatty acids (FFA), ethyl esters (EE), EE with emulsification agents, and whole foods. Variability was consistently observed across all forms; 65% of treatments showed a CV >50% for the AUC. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were reported in some studies, suggesting possible malabsorption. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial inter-individual variability existed in postprandial LC omega-3 responses, independent of the chemical form of supplementation. This variability likely reflects differences in absorption, enterocyte metabolism, and including malabsorption. Postprandial variability may therefore contribute significantly to observed differences in tissue LC omega-3 status following LC omega-3 supplementation.
Current practices and future directions of stability testing in parenteral nutrition: A scoping review.
Shaari NAAH, Singh BKS, Makmor-Bakry M … +1 more , Premakumar CM
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338947 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides nutrition intravenously, often as two-in-one (TIO) or all-in-one (AIO) solutions. These solutions are complex, containing around 50 chemical components, which...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides nutrition intravenously, often as two-in-one (TIO) or all-in-one (AIO) solutions. These solutions are complex, containing around 50 chemical components, which can affect the admixture stability. While there is substantial data on stability tests for PN solutions, the methodologies and acceptance criteria are not well-defined in current literature. This scoping review aimed to identify and summarise the current tests and methods used to assess the stability of AIO solutions in hospital settings. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Comprehensive searches on stability tests and parenteral nutrition were conducted in Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus on 11 January 2024, updated on 4 April 2025. Searches were limited to articles published in English from January 2010 to March 2025. Data extraction was done on the included studies for descriptive analysis. RESULTS: 33 articles met the inclusion criteria, 25 fo-cused on AIO solutions, six included both AIO and TIO, and one was on lipid emulsion only. Eleven stability tests were identified and classified into physical, chemical, and microbiological categories. The suggested core set of tests for assessing AIO solution stability includes visual inspection, pH measurement, particle size distribution using dynamic light scattering and light obstruction, zeta potential measurement, lipid peroxidation using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, and sterility testing via membrane filtration. CONCLUSIONS: This review identifies a suggested core set of stability tests essential for evaluating AIO so-lutions in hospital settings. Adoption of these standardised methods can enhance the reliability and consistency of stability assessments.
Review of national policies and programs targeting improvement of wasting among under-five years old children in Bangladesh.
Naila NN, Karmakar G, Hossain MI … +10 more , Alam A, Islam MM, Mahfuz M, Huq S, Siddique MAB, Abebe KT, Sultana AA, Chowdhury MAM, Sharma D, Ahmed T
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338946 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood undernutrition, especially wasting, remains a significant public health challenge in Bangladesh. Wasting, or low weight-for-height, is associated with a heightened risk of mortality i...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood undernutrition, especially wasting, remains a significant public health challenge in Bangladesh. Wasting, or low weight-for-height, is associated with a heightened risk of mortality in children under five. Although several national policies exist, the burden of wasting persists above the global target of <5%. This review focuses on identifying gaps and opportunities within Bangladesh's policy landscape concerning the prevention and management of wasting. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A desk review was conducted of eight key national documents, including nutrition policies, action plans, national programs, and guidelines. These were assessed for their stated goals, objectives, action plans, gaps, and recommendations regarding undernutrition, with particular attention to wasting. Special emphasis was given to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM), and the availability of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF). RESULTS: While Bangladesh has adopted a multi-sectoral approach through its National Nutrition Policy (2015), Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015), and National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (2021-2030), implementation gaps remain. Challenges include weak governance, insufficient facility readiness, and inconsistent RUTF supply, particularly in remote areas. Community-level interventions are underutilized, and coordination with NGOs is limited despite their proven success. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the prevalence of wasting, it is critical to strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration, improve CMAM coverage and supply chains, and ensure the integration of community-based approaches. Focused investments in health systems and nutrition governance are essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals related to child nutrition.
Weight management for overweight and obese adolescents: Current treatments.
Chen L, Zhu X, Liu C
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338945 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of overweight or obesity in adolescents is steadily increasing in most countries around the world. Adolescent obesity increases the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascula...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of overweight or obesity in adolescents is steadily increasing in most countries around the world. Adolescent obesity increases the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and is associated with negative health consequences, increasing the burden on health services. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Literature searching was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords "overweight", "obesity", "adolescent", "weight management", "dietary management" and "nutri-tional intervention" combined with Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". RESULTS: Multicomponent lifestyle interventions, including diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions, are used as first-line treatment for anti-obesity interventions. Dietary management methods such as energy-restricted diet are beneficial to control body weight, and it is important to ensure their normal growth and development while restricting en-ergy. CONCLUSIONS: Multicomponent lifestyle intervention is the first choice for anti-obesity intervention. It is recommended that intensive health behaviour lifestyle treatment combined with anti-obesity medications be used at the beginning of anti-obesity treatment in adolescents.
Shellfish-based dietary patterns and cognition in the Chinese senior population: A cross-sectional study in Qingdao, China.
Zhang J, Li X, Zhou T … +3 more , Lu Z, Xu J, Duan H
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038687 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among older adults with lower educational backgrounds living in China. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: W...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among older adults with lower educational backgrounds living in China. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the 2018 Health Survey of individuals aged over 50 in Chengyang, Qingdao, China. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the behaviors and lifestyles of the elderly. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to evaluate cognition, with a total score of less than 19 indicating cognitive impairment for participants with low educational attainment. Using Principal Component Analysis, we identified three dietary patterns: Shellfish, Fruit, and Red Meat. Cross-sectional data regarding dietary intake, cognition, and demographics from 964 participants was analyzed using multivariate regression models to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that the 'Shellfish-based' dietary pattern ("Shellfish" DP) was significantly associated with cognitive function in both the third quartile (Q3: Odds Ratio = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36-0.93, p <0.05) and the fourth quartile (Q4: OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.87, p <0.05). Furthermore, stratified analysis based on specific covariates revealed that significant results among individuals with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m² (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.99, p <0.05). No significant interaction effects were observed between shellfish dietary intake and various subgroups (all interaction p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our research demonstrates that "Shell-fish" DP is negatively correlated with cognitive decline among the elderly population. This correlation is particularly significant in individuals with BMI < 25kg/m2, as well as among women and under the age of 65. However, no interaction was observed between the shellfish DP and the various subgroups. These findings can effectively guide older adults in optimizing their dietary structures, thereby safeguarding their cognition.
Maternal iron and zinc and preterm labor risk: A nested case-control study based on the Lanzhou Birth Cohort Study (BBCS) in China.
Ding S, Li Y, Wang J … +4 more , Cao L, Wang Z, Yang L, Mao B
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038686 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary iron and zinc in-take on the risk of preterm labor before and during different trimesters, and to assess whether there is an inter...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary iron and zinc in-take on the risk of preterm labor before and during different trimesters, and to assess whether there is an interaction between iron and zinc intake and the risk of preterm labor. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The study was a nested case-control study of 880 cases and 8017 controls in Lanzhou City, northwest China. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between dietary iron/zinc intake and the risk of preterm labor and its clinical subtypes. Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling was used to explore the non-linear relationship between dietary iron/zinc intake levels and the risk of preterm birth. Lower iron/zinc intake before and during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of preterm labor and some of its subtypes, and there was a non-linear trend between iron/zinc intake and risk of preterm labor (p non-linear <0.05). A synergistic effect of low iron and zinc intake on the risk of preterm labor was also observed. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in the risk of preterm labor in women with low dietary zinc intake before and during pregnancy, with a dose-response relationship. Similarly, there was a significant negative association between lower dietary iron intake during pregnancy and preterm labor. In addition, there was a multiplicative interaction between low dietary iron and zinc intake and preterm delivery before pregnancy and during three different periods of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dietary intake of iron and zinc before and during pregnancy may reduce the risk of preterm labor. Low intakes of iron and zinc during pregnancy appear to have a synergistic effect on the risk of preterm labor.
A quasi-experimental study on fortified tempeh: A nutritional intervention for fetal growth in Indonesia.
Nurlia R, Syam A, Zulkifli A … +5 more , Dirpan A, Sumarmi S, Naping H, Balqis B, Salam A
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038685 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stunting is a global health challenge, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, where its prevalence reached 21.6% in 2022. This condition stems from malnutrition, recurrent infection...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stunting is a global health challenge, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, where its prevalence reached 21.6% in 2022. This condition stems from malnutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate care during the first 1,000 days of life. Maternal nutrition is critical for fetal growth, as deficiencies can lead to low birth weight and short birth length, increasing the risk of stunting. This study evaluates the potential of fortified tempeh as a nutritional intervention to improve birth outcomes. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study with a quantitative approach was conducted to compare the effects of regular and fortified tempeh on BW and BL among pregnant women in Kuningan Regency. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving fortified tempeh and the other regular tempeh. BW and BL were measured at birth and statistically analyzed for differences. RESULTS: The results showed no statistically significant differences in BW and BL between the two groups. However, the fortified tempeh group exhibited a positive trend, with an average BW of 2.92 kg and an average BL of 49.1 cm, compared to the regular tempeh group. CONCLUSIONS: Fortified tempeh demonstrates potential as a cost-effective, locally sourced intervention to support fetal growth and reduce stunting risks. Its integration into public health programs could enhance maternal nutrition and improve birth outcomes in Indonesia.
Psychometric evaluation of the Screening Tool for Feeding Problems (STEP) in Saudi children with developmental disabilities aged 4-18 years.
Mumena WA, Hamad EO, Kutbi HA
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038684 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children with developmental disabilities commonly experience feeding problems; however, tools to assess the nature and extent of these difficulties are not available in Arabic. This study aims...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children with developmental disabilities commonly experience feeding problems; however, tools to assess the nature and extent of these difficulties are not available in Arabic. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the Screening Tool for Feeding Problems (STEP) and evaluate its factorial structure in children with developmental disabilities. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study involved 167 children with developmental disabilities, recruited from nine disability centers and schools in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from caregivers using a paper version of the Arabic version of STEP, which was sent home with the child along with a consent form for signature. The English-to-Arabic translation of the tool was conducted by a bilingual professional using the forward-backward translation method. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factorial structure of the Arabic version of STEP using two models. Model 1 included all 23 items; Model 2 excluded six items with low factor loadings, resulting in a 17-item version. Model 2 demonstrated improved goodness of fit indices, supporting a modified five-factor structure. Reliability analysis showed acceptable internal reliability for the total scale in both models, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.80 and McDonald's omega of 0.79 for Model 1, and alpha of 0.83 and omega of 0.82 for Model 2. Internal consistency for individual factors ranged from 0.31 to 0.70. CONCLUSIONS: The Arabic version of STEP demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties and appears to be a valid and reliable tool for screening feeding difficulties in children with developmental disabilities in the Saudi Arabian context.
Low dietary quality in patients with COPD and the association with disease severity: A cross-sectional study.
Li M, Sun Y, Li L … +6 more , Zhao L, Li Q, Zhang X, Yang Y, Ma A, Cai J
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038683 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dietary nutrition plays an essential role in the progression of chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to use Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) to evaluate dietary qu...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dietary nutrition plays an essential role in the progression of chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to use Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) to evaluate dietary quality in COPD patients and investigate the relationship between dietary quality and COPD disease severity. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 525 COPD inpatients were collected from December 1st, 2022, to December 1st, 2023. The dietary intake was collected through food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed by the CHEI. Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), the COPD assessment test (CAT), and Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage were used to assess disease severity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the total CHEI score, and its component scores and COPD disease severity. RESULTS: The CHEI score with COPD pa-tients is 56.75±8.89. The CAT score of the low CHEI group was significantly higher than that of the high CHEI group (p <0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that the group with higher CHEI total scores was significantly associated with the low grade of mMRC (OR: 0.982, 95%CI: 0.964, 1.000, p <0.05). And the higher intake of tubers, whole grains and mixed beans, and fish and seafood were all associated with lower mMRC grades (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: COPD patients have poor dietary quality. High CHEI scores were associated with the low mMRC grades. Patients with COPD should be encouraged to maintain a good quality diet to reduce the risk of disease exacerbation.
Dietary inflammatory index and blood inflammatory markers in relation to dyslipidemia: A cross-sectional NHANES study (2009-2018).
Hu C, Huo Y, Xu W … +5 more , Li M, Li L, Sun Y, Liu L, Cai J
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038682 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The presence and accumulation of inflammation may exacerbate the develop-ment of dyslipidemia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between blood inflammatory markers and the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The presence and accumulation of inflammation may exacerbate the develop-ment of dyslipidemia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between blood inflammatory markers and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in American adults as well as their association with dyslipidemia. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included participants with complete data on lipid levels, dietary intake, and blood inflammatory markers. The associations between dyslipidemia and two sets of exposures-blood inflammatory markers and the DII-were analysed using weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among the 9,441 participants (2009-2018), 6,689 (70.9%) had dyslipidemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher DII quartiles were significantly associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, with the fourth quartile exhibiting an odds ratio of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.10-1.62; p < 0.001). Furthermore, DII combined with various blood inflammatory markers was consistently associated with an increased dyslipidemia risk (all OR > 1.0, all p < 0.05). A non-linear relationship was observed between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and dyslipidemia risk, which became significant when the SII exceeded 434.65. CONCLUSIONS: DII and blood inflammation markers showed a positive association with dyslipidemia. Nonetheless, these findings still offer valuable insights to public health policymakers for developing evidence-based strategies to prevent dyslipidemia and potentially reduce inflammation-associated dyslipidemia risk.
Causal association of dietary intake habits and telomere lengths: A Mendelian randomization study.
Chen J, Liu Z, Nan Y … +5 more , Liu H, Ren Z, Liu J, Liu D, Qi R
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038681 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Healthy diets are crucial in disease prevention and balanced diets can slow te-lomere shortening. Currently, it is still unclear which dietary factors are causally related to telomere length. M...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Healthy diets are crucial in disease prevention and balanced diets can slow te-lomere shortening. Currently, it is still unclear which dietary factors are causally related to telomere length. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The inverse variance weighted, Mendelian Randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used. Additionally, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out tests were conducted to ensure accuracy. Outcomes included granulocyte, lym-phocyte, naive T-cell, memory T-cell, B-cell, and natural killer-cell telomere lengths. Exposures included alcohol intake frequency, alcoholic drinks per week, average weekly beer plus cider intake, average weekly red wine intake, intake of beef, bread, cereal, coffee, cooked vegetable, dried fruit, fresh fruit, lamb/mutton, non-oily fish, oily fish, pork, processed meat, salad/raw vegetable, tea and water. RESULTS: The positive causal relationships were found between dried fruit intake and granulocyte telomere length (OR: 4.31; 95% CI: 1.29 to 14.4; p = 0.02), lymphocyte telomere length (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.21 to 14.7; p = 0.02), naive T-cell telomere length (OR: 5.49; 95% CI: 1.58 to 19.0; p = 0.01). Oily fish intake was positively associated with memory T-cell telomere length (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.16 to 5.58; p = 0.02). No significant causal relationships were found between other exposures and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study found positive causal associations between telomere length and the intake of dried fruit and oily fish. No significant causal relationships were observed with other dietary factors. These findings provide insights into how specific dietary components may help maintain telomere length.
Modulation of gene expression by traditional Asian antidiabetic nutraceuticals: A review of potential effects.
Roosita K, Ekawidyani KR, Kushargina R … +3 more , Fathimah, Rafi M, Saepuloh U
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038680 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its compli...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its complications. This review will explore traditional nutraceuticals with antidiabetic properties with a focus on traditional Asian nutraceuticals and their antioxidant effects on gene expression associated to T2DM. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Literature searching was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct using the keywords "nutraceutical", "antidiabetic", "insulin resistance", "Diabetes Mellitus", "herbal medicine", "mechanism", "pathway", "traditional food", "functional food", "antioxidant", "clinical", "preclinical", "animal studies", and "Asian" combined with Boolean operators "OR". RESULTS: Nutraceuticals sourced from traditional Indonesian herbal beverages, including Galohgor, Bir Pletok, and Wedang Uwuh, have shown potential efficacy in reducing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and obesity in T2DM. Furthermore, multiple Asian plants and their bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, kaempferol, cinnamon, saponin, quercetin, myricetin, anthocyanin, terpenoid, alkaloid, and gallic acid, have been shown to beneficially influence glucose ho-meostasis, insulin sensitivity, and problems associated with diabetes. Moreover, bioactive compounds of these traditional nutraceuticals have been proven in modulating gene expression associated with β-cell function, insulin signaling pathway, and antioxidant activity, which may offer a new therapeutic target. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the increasing scientific evidence on the role of traditional nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus, presenting promising alternatives to standard pharmacologi-cal therapy. Nonetheless, double-blind randomized clinical trials are required to validate these antidiabetic effects.
Postprandial glycemic response, sensory, and appetite evaluation of highland barley-multigrain rice versus white rice in healthy Chinese adults: A randomized crossover study.
Chu Z, Ran H, Zhang H … +1 more , Su Q
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038679 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Consumption of refined white rice, a staple food in most Asian countries, reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes. However, cereal grains with l...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Consumption of refined white rice, a staple food in most Asian countries, reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes. However, cereal grains with low glycemic indices may reduce postprandial glycemic response. We developed a highland barley-multigrain rice by combining traditional Chinese grains including, highland barley, brown rice, oats, corn grit, and buckwheat. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic impact, sensory attributes, and appetite response of our highland barley-multigrain rice compared to white rice. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized crossover trial, ten healthy participants consumed highland barley-multigrain rice, white rice, and glucose, each containing 50 g of available carbohydrate under continuous glucose monitoring to compare postprandial glycemic responses over 180 min. The sensory and appetite ratings for the test foods were also evaluated. RESULTS: The glucose response of highland barley-multigrain rice, based on the incremental area under the curve and peak glucose change levels, showed statistically lower values than white rice. The glycemic index at 120 min (42.9±4.4 vs.79.5±8.0, p <0.001) and 180 min (45.3±4.7 vs. 86.1±8.7, p <0.01) after the consumption of highland barley-multigrain rice was all significantly lower than those of regular white rice. Despite its relatively poor taste and overall preference rating, the highland barley-multigrain rice achieved a higher satiety score at 120 min after intake than white rice. CONCLUSIONS: As a low-glycemic index food, highland barley-multigrain rice could decrease postprandial glucose response and reduce hunger in healthy adults, indicating a potential role in improving glycemic control for patients with diabetes.
Circulating vitamin D concentrations and the risk of urticaria: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Chai HX, Wang F, Liu H … +2 more , Xie YQ, Zhou ZH
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038678 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to urticaria, but causality remains uncer-tain. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal effects of vitamin D and its me-tabolit...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to urticaria, but causality remains uncer-tain. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal effects of vitamin D and its me-tabolites on urticaria risk. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (n=120,618), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] (n=40,562), and C3-epimer-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [C3-epi-25(OH)D3] (n=40,562) in Europeans were used, along with data on urticaria and its subtypes from FinnGen consortium (R10 release). For validation, we performed additional MR analyses using a larger dataset that meta-analyzed data from the UK Biobank and GWAS results from the SUNLIGHT consortium (n=496,946) as exposure variables. We performed compre-hensive sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy assessments, and leave-one-out analyses to evaluate result robustness. Statistical power calculations were conducted to validate the reliability of our findings. RESULTS: MR analysis revealed a causal protective effect of higher total 25(OH)D levels on urticaria risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.69-0.95, p =0.008, statistical power = 81.1%]. Similar causal effects were observed for 25(OH)D3 levels (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.98, p = 0.023, statistical power = 67.4%).These findings were validated in the replication cohort using serum 25(OH)D measurements (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.56-0.85, p = 0.001, statistical power = 96.1%). Sensitivity analyses showed no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy. Reverse MR analysis found no evidence that genetic risk of urticaria affects vitamin D levels, suggesting a potentially unidirectional causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first genetic evidence that higher vitamin D levels may reduce urticaria risk, offering a new theoretical basis for urticaria prevention and treatment strategies.
Effect of 'FenuflakesTM' on 24-hour glycemic variability in adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized crossover continuous glucose monitoring study.
Deshpande PO, Gokhale CA, Bhaskaran S … +6 more , Gayathri R, Abirami K, Anjana RM, Krishnaswamy K, Mohan V, Sudha V
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038677 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that bioactive components present in plant foods have beneficial effects. Fenugreek is commonly used in Indian culinary practices and can help to keep blood sugar levels under...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that bioactive components present in plant foods have beneficial effects. Fenugreek is commonly used in Indian culinary practices and can help to keep blood sugar levels under control. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of defatted fenugreek seed flakes (FenuflakesTM) on the 24-hour glycaemic response (Incremental Area Under the Curve, iAUC), variability (Mean Amplitude Glycaemic Excursion assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring system) in participants with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-one type 2 diabetes participants, aged 42 to 50 years, were provided with 5-day cyclic iso-caloric diets for 14 days without (control diet) and with 30 g of FenuflakesTM (test diet) in a randomized crossover trial. The Abbott Pro sensor recorded interstitial glucose concentration every 15 minutes consecutively for 14 days in the participants. Additionally, fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed at the baseline and end of the study. RESULTS: 15 out of 21 participants completed the randomized control and test diet feeding periods as per protocol. There was a significant reduction in 24-hour iAUC (p=0.02) and mean amplitude glycemic excursions (p=0.006) in the test diet as compared to control diet. Furthermore, within the test diet, there was a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c (p<0.05) at the end of the 14-day intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the inclusion of FenuflakesTM, into regular dietary practices may effectively reduce glucose levels and enhance glycemic control in Asian Indian adults with type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of micronutrients in stable COPD patients.
Onur T, Nurhan S, Ayse TP … +5 more , Özer Ö, Nevin F, Mehmet K, Hayat Ö, Arzu M
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038676 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by malnutrition, a catabolic process, and chronic inflammation; thus, vitamin deficiency may occur frequently. We aimed t...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by malnutrition, a catabolic process, and chronic inflammation; thus, vitamin deficiency may occur frequently. We aimed to evaluate the levels of micronutrients in stable COPD patients. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: There were 168 COPD patients from six pulmonology departments, with 36 healthy controls. The patients also performed pulmonary function tests and filled out the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Serum vitamin B-12 and folate levels were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Plasma 25-OH D3 levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Our results revealed vitamin D deficiency in 68.9% (mild: 59.6%, intermediate: 25.7%, severe: 14.7%), vitamin B-12 deficiency in 21.7%, and folic acid deficiency in 50% of COPD patients. There was a significant difference between the COPD and healthy control groups regarding vitamin D deficiency (68.9% vs. 16.6%; p <0.001). Mean plasma 25-OH-D level was significantly lower in COPD patients (p <0.01). There was a positive correlation of plasma 25-OH-D level with the SGRQ impact score (r = 0.174, p = 0.028) and a negative correlation with age and number of exacerbations (respectively; r = -0.248, p = 0.002, and r = -0.160, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D, B-12, and folate deficiencies frequently occur in COPD patients. Low plasma levels of 25-OH-D may be associated with advanced age and a higher number of exacerbations in patients with COPD. COPD patients with low vitamin D and folate may experience a decrease in quality of life.
Diagnostic and application guidelines for malnutrition in adult patients (2025 edition).
Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society, Clinical Nutrition and Health Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Oct · PMID 41038675 · Full text
Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases, especially among elderly, surgical and critically ill patients. With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and Diagnosis-Inter...
Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases, especially among elderly, surgical and critically ill patients. With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) in China, accurate diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient prognosis. These guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary experts through a systematic review of evidence-based medical literature. They adopt the new international standard for malnutrition diagnosis from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed by the Global Nutrition Organization and categorize evidence levels, providing recommendations tailored to the Chinese population's data and characteristics. The guidelines cover the entire process of malnutrition diagnosis in adult patients, including definition, epidemiology, nutrition risk screening, multi-level nutrition assessment, and diagnostic procedures. They also propose individualized diagnostic strategies for specific patient groups, such as obese or critically ill patients, and establish a standardized process for malnutrition diagnosis. At last, the guidelines form 27 questions, 38 recommendations, in order to improve the practical capac-ity of malnutrition diagnosis in China.
Association of sleep and plant-based diet with cognitive function in older adults-Based on a national cohort study.
Bian L, Chen X, Li X
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Aug · PMID 40738735 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between sleep, plant-based diets, and cognitive function in the elderly, addressing the challenges of global aging. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Using data from the 200...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between sleep, plant-based diets, and cognitive function in the elderly, addressing the challenges of global aging. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Using data from the 2005 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), dietary patterns through a short-form FFQ, and sleep duration and quality via self-report measures. A Cox regression model analyzed the associations between sleep, plant-based diet, and cognitive function, with mediating effect analysis to explore these relationships further. RESULTS: A total of 5911 subjects were included in the study. In both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, the sleep quality with average level (HR=1.26; 95%CI=1.06-1.48), sleep duration (HR=1.03; 95%CI=1.01-1.05), the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) (HR=1.02; 95%CI=1.01-1.03), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) (HR=1.01; 95%CI=1.00-1.03), and the plant-based diet index (PDI) (HR=0.99; 95%CI=0.97-1.00) were always significantly correlated with cognitive function. The sleep quality with bad level (HR=1.28; 95% CI=1.03-1.58) was associated with cognitive function only in multivariate Cox regression analysis. In the mediating analysis, PDI and hPDI had a significant overall effect on cognitive function, and the proportion mediated by sleep duration were about 4.4% (95%CI=0.01-0.15) and 7.92% (95%CI=0.03-0.25). CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation exists between sleep, plant-based diets, and cognitive function in older adults, with sleep duration mediating the relationship between diet and cognitive function. These findings emphasize the role of diet and sleep in preventing cognitive decline in the elderly.
Association between Life's Essential 8 and hyperuricemia in the Chinese elderly.
Jiao Y, Wang L, Hong X … +7 more , Li W, Jiang H, Jia X, Wang H, Zhang B, Wang Z, Ding G
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Aug · PMID 40738734 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive indicator that evaluates cardiovascular health (CVH). There have been limited studies on the relationship between LE8 and hyperuricemia (HUA). This s...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive indicator that evaluates cardiovascular health (CVH). There have been limited studies on the relationship between LE8 and hyperuricemia (HUA). This study explored the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA among elderly people in China. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The subjects were the elderly aged 60 and over who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018. The definition of American Heart Association (AHA) was used to measure the score of LE8. Multivariate Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA. RESULTS: A total of 4229 subjects were included, and the prevalence of HUA was 13.2%. The LE8 score was 68.5 points, and physical activity (85.8) and blood pressure (37.6) were the highest and lowest scores, respectively. People with low, medium and high CVH accounted for 5.7%, 77.3% and 17.0%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that high CVH in LE8 score reduced the risk of HUA (OR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39-0.99) significantly, and the risk decreased by 15% (OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.78-0.93) for every 10-point increase in LE8 score. RCS showed a linear dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA, and the beneficial protective threshold was 68.6 points. The negative association between LE8 score and HUA was more significant in 60-69 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the elderly in 15 provinces of China were at a moderate level of CVH, and a higher LE8 score was beneficial for reducing the risk of HUA.
Nutrition status of hospitalized patients in the first decade of Chinese nutritionDay survey: Assessment using the ESPEN and GLIM criteria.
Zhou B, Zhang Y, Gao X … +7 more , Liu S, Shen R, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang X, nutritionDay Chinese Working Group
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Aug · PMID 40738733 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status of hospitalized Chinese pa-tients according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the European Society of Clin-ical N...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status of hospitalized Chinese pa-tients according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the European Society of Clin-ical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria and to identify the effects of nutritional characteristics and nutritional support on clinical good outcome. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Inpatients participated in Chinese nutritionDay 2010-2020 surveys were included. Malnutrition was defined according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria after being risk evaluated by Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Cumulative incidence curves were plotted for 30-day good outcomes in patients according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria. Cox regression models were used to determine the factors associated with good outcomes in the univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria (22.8%) was higher than that defined by the ESPEN criteria (16.2%). Patients with malnutrition defined by the ESPEN and GLIM criteria had a significantly prolonged median length of hospital stay (LOS) after nutritionDay compared with non-malnutrition patients (8 days vs. 6 days, p < 0.001). Inpatients defined as nutritionally at-risk by the MUST or malnutrition defined by the ESPEN criteria and the GLIM criteria, and patients with pre-operative conditions, decreased mobility, prolonged LOS over three weeks before nutritionDay, as well as those receiving nutritional support had a reduced chance of good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with nutritional risk or malnutrition and those who received nutritional support were significantly associated with decreased good 30-day outcomes, highlighting the necessity for standardized nutrition training in the healthcare setting.
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