Asia Pacific Journal Of Clinical Nutrition[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Hypertension and its associated risk factors in tuberculosis patients: A hospital based cross-sectional study.
Tan Y, Gao X, Li Y … +8 more , Li X, Liu Y, Li X, Yan T, Yan Q, Schouten EG, Kok FJ, Wang Q
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565235 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with a number of non-communicable diseases including hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension in TB patients and invest...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with a number of non-communicable diseases including hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension in TB patients and investigate its associated risk factors. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Qingdao, China (2011-2019). Data on demographics, medical history, and lifestyle were collected via questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured at admission. Logistic regression identified hypertension risk factors. RESULTS: 2159 TB patients were included in total in the final analysis. Among them, 485 (22.5%) were hypertensive. After adjusting for dietary sodium and potassium intake, marital status, retreatment, physical activity and smoking index, multivariate logistic regression showed that hemoglobin (HGB) ≥143 (OR, 95% CI: 1.74, 1.08~2.79) , age >35 (OR, 95% CI: 2.93, 1.87 ~ 4.59), male gender (OR, 95% CI: 1.77, 1.13~2.77), overweight or obesity (OR, 95% CI: 2.04, 1.42~2.93) , heavy drinking (OR, 95% CI: 1.76, 1.19~2.59) and concurrent DM (OR, 95% CI: 1.54, 1.09~2.17) were associated with increased risk of hypertension in TB patients, whereas high education level (OR, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.26~0.85) served as a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 25% of TB patients have prevalent hypertension at admission. High HGB, being overweight or obese, heavy drinking, male gender and concurrent DM are associated with higher odds of hypertension in TB, while a higher education level serves as a protective factor. Our study provides important evidence for understanding the prevalence of hypertension in TB, underlying the double burden of TB and hypertension.
Exploring key genes in NAFLD linked to glutamine metabolism: A comprehensive analysis combining multi-omics, machine learning and SHAP.
Chen C, Liu W, Lan Y … +2 more , Li F, Li X
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565234 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition glob-ally, with an escalating incidence and a strong association with various metabolic disorders, thus presenting a sig...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition glob-ally, with an escalating incidence and a strong association with various metabolic disorders, thus presenting a significant public health challenge. Currently, there is a scarcity of effective preventive or therapeutic methods for NAFLD. This study used multi-omics, machine learning (ML), and SHAP comprehensive analysis to explore NAFLD-related metabolites and genes, hoping to provide new insights. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We initially conducted MR analysis on 1,400 serum metabolites and two NAFLD datasets, identifying gluta-mine as causally linked to NAFLD. In single-cell RNA sequencing, hepatocytes were categorized into high-synthesis and low-synthesis glutamine groups for cell communication analysis. We extracted differentially expressed genes from these two groups and performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Further screening of these genes was followed by the application of LASSO regression to identify hub genes for ML. We constructed the ML model using Catboost, NGboost, and XGboost algorithms. Finally, we employed the SHAP method to interpret the model, identifying key genes with significant model contributions. RESULTS: MR analysis demonstrated that the glutamine-to-alanine ratio and levels of 1-linoleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (18:2/20:4n6) were associated with a reduced incidence of NAFLD. We identified 19 hub genes for ML, with validation set AUCs of 0.83 for Catboost, 0.82 for NGboost, and 0.86 for XGboost. The SHAP analysis highlighted ASL, LGALS1, and GLUL as genes with the contributed significantly to the models. CONCLUSIONS: Our MR findings suggest that specific metabolites may lower the risk of NAFLD. A comprehensive analysis underscores the significant role of glutamine metabolism and related genes in NAFLD pathogenesis, offering new potential targets for NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.
Causal roles of immune cells and plasma metabolites in esophageal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study with nutritional insights.
Liu X, Wang Y, Dang Y … +5 more , Li X, Geng S, He X, Ma H, Zhao X
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565233 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Metabolites, as key mediators of nutrition-immune interactions, have attracted increasing interest in cancer research. However, the causal relationships between immune cells, plasma metabolites...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Metabolites, as key mediators of nutrition-immune interactions, have attracted increasing interest in cancer research. However, the causal relationships between immune cells, plasma metabolites, and esophageal cancer, and their potential for guiding nutritional interventions remain unclear. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using the inverse-variance weighted method to evaluate the causal effects of immune cells and plasma metabolites on esophageal cancer. We explored potential intermediary pathways by investigating associations between im-mune cell traits and plasma metabolites relevant to esophageal cancer risk. To test the robustness of our find-ings, we also carried out sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: We identified 19 immune cell phenotypes associated with esophageal cancer risk (8 protective, 11 risk factors). In addition, 22 plasma metabolites (including 5 ratios) were protective, while 26 metabolites (including 8 ratios) increased risk, highlighting potential targets for nutritional interventions. Our analysis identified four plasma metabolites that were associated with specific immune cell traits relevant to esophageal cancer risk. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, with no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides genetic evidence for potential causal associations among immune cells, plasma metabolites, and esophageal cancer, and identifies observed associations between immune cell traits and plasma metabolites. These findings provide a foundation for precision nutrition and support dietary modification as a promising strategy for prevention and adjunctive therapy.
Serum albumin and hypertension: The mediating roles of BMI, C-reactive protein and extracellular fluid.
Wang Y, Hao H, Lu Q … +1 more , Zhang L
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565232 · Full text
UNLABELLED: The relationship between serum albumin and hypertension has attracted much attention. We sought to further validate these findings and explore the underlying mediators. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This cross-se...
UNLABELLED: The relationship between serum albumin and hypertension has attracted much attention. We sought to further validate these findings and explore the underlying mediators. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2004), including 19,507 participants. Multivariable weighted logistic were employed to investigate the association of serum albumin with hypertension. The potential mediating role of body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and extracellular fluid (ECF) was explored. Secondary analyses included subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS). RESULTS: Serum albumin per 1 g/L increase was associated with 10% lower hypertension prevalence (OR=0.90, 95%CI:0.89-0.91, p <0.001). This remained significant after full adjustment (including age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking status, drinking status, sodium in-take, potassium intake, fat intake, total saturated fatty acids [TSFA] intake, carbohydrate intake, protein in-take, energy intake, diabetes, coronary heart disease, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and NHANES cycle)(OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96-1.00, p = 0.031). No evidence of non-linearity was observed in the RCS analysis (p for non-linearity = 0.708). BMI mediated 42.75% (95%CI: 38.19%-48.33%), CRP 12.24% (95%CI: 9.29%-15.43%), and ECF 4.05% (95%CI: 2.74%-5.43%) of the association (all p <0.001). Results were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The serum albumin levels were negatively associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Mediation analyses demonstrated a significant mediating effect of BMI, CRP and ECF, suggesting that serum albumin might be related to hypertension, potentially mediated by BMI, ECF, and CRP.
Multivitamin supplements are not superior to nutrition education in improving fat-soluble vitamin levels: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Yusupu S, Yang Y, Geng X … +5 more , Lin Z, Sun T, Wang Z, Lu H, Deng Y
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565231 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vitamin deficiencies are closely associated with the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, effective and safe intervention strategies are critical to improving vitamin nutritional status....
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vitamin deficiencies are closely associated with the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, effective and safe intervention strategies are critical to improving vitamin nutritional status. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and differential impacts of nutrition education and multi-vitamin supplementation, providing a basis for selecting safer intervention strategies. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A 4-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 155 adults (aged 18-65 years) with confirmed deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, or E). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either nutrition education with a multivitamin supplement or nutrition education with placebo. The concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, or E), as well as their deficiency rates, were compared before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 155 participants completed the study. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. In both groups, the concentration of vitamins (A, D, or E) significantly increased (all p < 0.001), and the deficiency rates for all three vitamins significantly decreased (all p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the concentrations or deficiency rates of vitamins (A, D, or E) between the two groups after intervention (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multivitamin supplements are not superior to nutrition education. Nutrition education alone may be a safer and effective approach to addressing deficiencies in vitamins A, D, and E, while reducing the risks as-sociated with unnecessary vitamin supplementation in the general population.
Systemic inflammatory markers as a supplement to nutrition risk screening of ICU patients.
Tong N, Huo Z, Li N … +3 more , Chong F, Luo S, Xu H
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565230 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Critical illness often leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. This catabolic condition significantly affects nutrition, causing muscle loss, weakness, and an in-c...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Critical illness often leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. This catabolic condition significantly affects nutrition, causing muscle loss, weakness, and an in-creased risk of malnutrition, which complicates recovery. Traditional nutritional assessment tools often face limitations in critically ill patients. Systemic inflammation may improve the accuracy of nutritional risk screening. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Data from the MIMIC-IV database were analyzed. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of inflammatory markers combined with the mNUTRIC score. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models to evaluate the association between these markers and patient mortality at 30-day, 60-day, and 90-day intervals. RESULTS: A total of 2,628 ICU patients were included. High C-reactive protein (CRP; cut-off value 75.2 mg/L) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.345 (Log-rank p = 0.004), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; cut-off value 8.16) had an HR of 1.266 (Log-rank p = 0.021), and albumin (cut-off value 35 g/L) was associated with an HR of 0.576 (Log-rank p < 0.001). For 60-day and 90-day mortality, similar trends were observed, with significant p-values. CONCLUSIONS: Combining inflammatory markers such as CRP, NLR, and albumin with the mNUTRIC score enhances mortality prediction in critically ill patients, improving clinical decision-making. Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts is needed.
Persevering or quitting? A systematic review of adherence and dropout in nutrition and exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity.
Zhang J, Wang Y, Shen M … +3 more , Chen P, Wang Q, Yu K
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565229 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global rise in sarcopenic obesity necessitates identifying key adherence determinants in nutritional and exercise interventions to optimize outcomes. This systematic review identifies chara...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global rise in sarcopenic obesity necessitates identifying key adherence determinants in nutritional and exercise interventions to optimize outcomes. This systematic review identifies characteristics affecting adherence and dropout in these interventions. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through January 2025, including reference lists. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, we assessed RCTs on nutritional/exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity. High heterogeneity and insufficient adherence reporting precluded meta-analysis for adherence; outcomes were narratively synthesized. For dropout rates, meta-analysis was conducted, including subgroup analyses (exercise, nutrition, multi-component) and meta-regression to explore moderators. RESULTS: From 1,205 records, 57 studies (4,166 participants) were included. The overall dropout rate was 9%, increasing with intervention duration. Only 45.6% of studies reported adherence data. Among exercise interventions, elastic resistance had the highest adherence (91.5%), resistance training the lowest (85%). In nutritional interventions, low-calorie diets with nutraceuticals outperformed diet-only (92.1% vs. 77%). Professionally supervised interventions showed superior adherence to self-monitored programs. CONCLUSIONS: Current trials often inadequately report adherence data, with longer durations correlating to higher dropout rates. Evidence suggests elastic resistance exercise, low-calorie diets with nutraceuticals, and professional supervision may improve adherence. Future research should refine intervention methods and prioritize adherence reporting to enhance sarcopenic obesity care quality.
Association of patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) scores with survival outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wu H, Fan Y, Cheng J … +4 more , Li X, Zhao Q, Hu A, Zhang B
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565228 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Undernutrition is prevalent among patients with cancer and may be associated with survival. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely recognised scale for the nutr...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Undernutrition is prevalent among patients with cancer and may be associated with survival. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely recognised scale for the nutritional assessment of patients with cancer. The relationship between undernutrition, as defined by the PG-SGA, and cancer prognosis has been somewhat controversial, and this meta-analysis sought to clarify this. This meta-analysis was performed to elucidate the association between undernutrition, as defined by the PG-SGA, and survival outcomes in patients with cancer. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Studies that investigated the association between undernutrition, defined by the PG-SGA, and survival outcomes in patients with cancer were included, and data were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until October 2023. RESULTS: A total of 18 prospective and 14 retrospective studies with 27120 cancer patients were identified in this analysis. All studies had high methodological quality, with an average score of 7.66. The results showed that undernutrition, as defined by the PG-SGA, was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.62-2.45). Subgroup analyses further confirmed that the pooled HR was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.26-2.13) for moderate undernutrition, which increased gradually in cases of severe undernutrition (HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.45-2.87). The degree of undernutrition might be the source of the heterogeneity (p value for the test of subgroup differences was < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness and credibility of this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results under-score the significant association between undernutrition, as defined by the PG-SGA, and reduced overall survival in patients with cancer. Detection of nutritional status using the PG-SGA may be beneficial for improving survival in patients with cancer.
Chinese expert consensus on dietary nutrition prescriptions and exercise intervention for sarcopenia (2025).
Sun J, Chen J, He M … +1 more , Chinese Expert Consensus Working Group on Sarcopenia
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41565227 · Full text
Sarcopenia, characterized by an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength/function, is associated with multiple adverse clinical outcomes. Dietary nutrition and exercise interventions are effective ways...
Sarcopenia, characterized by an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength/function, is associated with multiple adverse clinical outcomes. Dietary nutrition and exercise interventions are effective ways to prevent and improve sarcopenia. Therefore, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Elderly Nutrition and Health Quality Control Center, together with the Geriatric Nutrition Branch of China Nutrition Society convened experts from nutrition, geriatrics, sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and general practice medicine to jointly set up a working group to supplement and revise the 2015 edition of China Expert Consensus on Nutrition and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia based on evidence-based medicine evidence in the past ten years to form this consensus. The aim is to provide practical guidelines to prevent and treat the disease.
Study on nutritional status and incidence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
Song S, Du H, Lu X … +2 more , Luo B, Li Z
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Dec · PMID 41338959 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are at high risk of malnutri-tion and sarcopenia. Therefore, nutritional screening, assessment, diagnosis, and management are particularly cruc...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are at high risk of malnutri-tion and sarcopenia. Therefore, nutritional screening, assessment, diagnosis, and management are particularly crucial for elderly CHF patients. Our study aims to investigate the nutritional status and the incidence charac-teristics and influencing factors of sarcopenia in elderly CHF patients. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 122 elderly CHF patients admitted to The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2023 to January 2024 were enrolled. Within 24 hours after admission, demographic data, body composition analysis, nutritional status assessments, and laboratory parameter testing were conducted for all participants. Patients were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients were included, among whom 37 (30.33 %) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher in sarcopenia group (p < 0.05). Patients with sarcopenia exhibited lower levels of albumin and hemoglobin, along with elevated Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte-Ratio (NLR), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte-Ratio (PLR) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the sarcope-nia group showed reduced fat-free mass, muscle mass, upper arm circumference, Phase Angle, and grip strength (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, protein, mineral, and triceps skinfold thickness were protective factors for sarcopenia in elderly CHF patients, after adjusting for con-founding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly CHF patients exhibit a higher risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia. There exists a correlation between age/BMI/protein/mineral and sarcopenia. The presence of sarcopenia cor-relates with poorer body composition outcomes and elevated inflammatory markers.
Predictors of carotenoid status in New Zealand children using carotenoid reflection score: a cross-sectional study.
Rapson J, Rush E, McLean R … +3 more , Fuavao K, Wall C, Eyles H
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Dec · PMID 41338958 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optically-assessed skin carotenoid status offers an objective measure of vegetable and fruit intake. Data from the Sodium and Potassium Intake (SNaK+) study was used to explore asso-ciations of...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optically-assessed skin carotenoid status offers an objective measure of vegetable and fruit intake. Data from the Sodium and Potassium Intake (SNaK+) study was used to explore asso-ciations of carotenoid reflection scores with body size, annual household income, vegetable and fruit intake and potassium intake, and the relationship between carotenoid reflection score and 24-h urinary potassium in children. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-five children (29 girls, 37 boys; 9 not stated) aged 8 to 13 years from five New Zealand primary schools were supported by the parents/caregivers to complete validated questions about their frequency of vegetable and fruit intake. Carotenoid reflection scores were measured using reflection spectroscopy and 24-h urine samples (n = 69) were collected. Differences by gender and age were tested using two-sample t-tests. Linear regression identified determinants of carotenoid reflection score. RESULTS: Children's overall mean (standard deviation) carotenoid reflection score was 236 (91), with 51% having low scores (< 250). Younger boys (< 10 years) had higher carotenoid reflection scores than younger girls (mean difference (95% confidence interval); 74 (4, 144). Few (8%, n = 6) children met vegetable intake recommendations. Annual household income and fruit servings per day were predictive correlates of carote-noid reflection scores (R2 = 0.17, F(2.52) = 6.10, p <0.01). Twenty-four-hour urinary potassium did not correlate with carotenoid reflection score. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified low household income and low fruit intake as drivers of low carotenoid status in children, emphasizing the need for targeted dietary interventions. A study is required to further explore the relationship between carotenoid reflection score and potassium excretion.
Applicability of different resting energy expenditure prediction equations to overweight and obese women of childbearing age with fertility problems.
Wu X, Xue H, Liang M … +8 more , Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhai Y, Xu B, Song C, Li X, Lai J, Li Z
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338957 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study compared the accuracy of current energy formulas in predicting resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight and obese women with fertility problems. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study compared the accuracy of current energy formulas in predicting resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight and obese women with fertility problems. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated REE prediction formulas in 82 overweight/obese women (18-49 years) with fertility problems. REE is accurately measured using indirect calorimetry, which is considered the gold standard for evaluating energy. Anthropometric data, including height, weight, and waist circumference. Body composition analysis was performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine fat-free mass and other related indicators. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between REE and various predictors. The accuracy and reliability of the existing prediction equations were evaluated by comparing their predicted values with resting energy expenditure values measured by Indirect Calorimetry using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Among the prediction equations assessed, Mifflin's equation demonstrated superior performance in estimating REE in overweight/obese women experiencing fertility problems, exhibiting the least bias (-9.7 kcal/day) and a low standard deviation (240 kcal/day). Variables such as body weight, lean body weight, and central obesity indicators like waist circumference and waist-height ratio emerged as significant predictors of REE, with their impacts being age-dependent. The Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation, which integrates weight, height, and age variables, offers a reasonably accurate estimation of energy needs for this specific demographic. CONCLUSIONS: The Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation is an accurate tool for predicting REE in overweight and obese women with fertility problems, offering important insights for nutritional assessment and intervention strategies in fertility management.
Association between plant dietary fiber intake and hyperuricemia risk in Chinese children aged 6-17 years.
Yu L, Liu Z, Liu L … +10 more , Liu C, Ma C, Zheng X, Zhang M, Liu Y, Tian M, Luo X, Zhu Q, Zhao X, Wu M
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338956 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of hyperuricemia in children is a global health con-cern. Plant dietary fiber may influence uric acid levels by improving gut health and lowering blood glucose and lip...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of hyperuricemia in children is a global health con-cern. Plant dietary fiber may influence uric acid levels by improving gut health and lowering blood glucose and lipid levels. This study aims to examine the relationship between plant-based dietary fiber intake and hyperuricemia risk in Chinese children aged 6-17 years. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed di-etary fiber intake data from 11,423 children (aged 6-17 years) from the China Children and Lactating Wom-en Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CCLWNHS) conducted between 2016 and 2019. Plant dietary fiber intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and energy intake. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to explore nonlinear relationships and identify cut-off values for dietary fiber intake. RESULTS: Among the 11,423 children, 1,730 (15.1%) were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. The average daily fiber intake was 8.28 ± 5.90g, with cereal fiber accounting for 56.1-57.8%. A significant negative correlation was found between cereal dietary fiber intake and hyperuricemia risk (p = 0.0004). Stratified analysis indicated that overweight/obesity status modi-fied this relationship. ROC curve analysis identified optimal intake cut-off values: 8.35 g/day for boys and 11.1 g/day for girls. CONCLUSIONS: Processed and ultraprocessed foods still have a lower contribution to ener-gy and nutrient intake in Jakarta than nonprocessed foods and processed ingredients.
Do dietary interventions aimed at enhancing fertility improve nutritional status in overweight or obese women?
Meisa AF, Monal V
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338955 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Overweight and obesity represent critical public health challenges, impacting over one-third of the global population. This issue is particularly pressing for women of reproductive age, who are...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Overweight and obesity represent critical public health challenges, impacting over one-third of the global population. This issue is particularly pressing for women of reproductive age, who are more vulnerable to weight gain. Addressing this connection is vital for promoting overall reproduc-tive health and ensuring the well-being of future generations. This systematic review evaluates the critical relationship between preconception dietary interventions and weight loss, along with their impacts on the nutri-tional status and fertility of women with obesity. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Our research draws from various literature sources, including CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the Web of Science Core Collection, covering findings from 2010 to April 30, 2024. RESULTS: Out of 180 studies screened, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Short-term weight loss programs showed limited impact on fertility in overweight women, and intensive weight-loss interventions were not more effective than exercise-focused programs. A preconception diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, but low in trans fats and processed foods, was associated with better fertility. The evidence regarding the benefits of weight loss is inconsistent, partly due to the reliance on indirect measures and limited use of biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss programs assist women with obesity in conceiving, but rapid weight loss may pose nutritional risks. Inconsistent nutritional assessments limit understanding of these programs. More objective measures are necessary to clarify the role of diet in fertility.
Validity and reliability of the Malaysian Healthy Diet Online Survey (MHDOS) for assessing diet quality in Malaysian adults.
Woon FC, Wong JE, Chin YS … +4 more , Selamat R, Zainuddin AA, Tee ES, Hendrie GA
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338954 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malaysian Healthy Diet Online Survey (MHDOS) is an online survey designed to measure diet quality of Malaysian adults. This study aimed to assess the relative validity and test-retest reliabili...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malaysian Healthy Diet Online Survey (MHDOS) is an online survey designed to measure diet quality of Malaysian adults. This study aimed to assess the relative validity and test-retest reliability of the MHDOS. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2022 among 218 Malaysian adults. Participants completed the MHDOS, underwent an interview-administered 24-hour diet recall (24DR), and repeated the MHDOS within two weeks. Relative validity was assessed by correlating food group servings from the MHDOS and 24DR using Spearman's cor-relation coefficients. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing Diet Score tertiles with food group servings, energy, and nutrient intakes from the 24DR. Linear trend analysis was used to compare food group and nutrient intakes across the Diet Score tertiles. Reliability was measured using the Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the initial and repeated MHDOS administrations. RESULTS: The MHDOS demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability, with ICC ranging from 0.70-0.86 for different components and 0.90 for the total Diet Score. Spearman correlation coefficients for mean food group intakes estimated from the MHDOS and 24DR ranged from 0.21-0.44 (p <0.001). Higher Diet Scores were associated with greater intake of total fibre, vitamin C, thiamine, niacin, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and iron, as well as increased consump-tion of vegetables, fruits, and water (p-trend <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MHDOS has good test-retest reliability and its derived Diet Score is associated with better nutrient and food group intake as estimated from 24DR. The MHDOS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing diet quality among Malaysian adults.
Exploring causal correlations between oily fish intake and multiple sclerosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Chang S, Shi K, Zhang M
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2026 Dec · PMID 41338953 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to observational studies, dietary habits may influence the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS). There are, however, only a few Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on both. METHODS...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to observational studies, dietary habits may influence the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS). There are, however, only a few Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on both. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The objective of this two-sample MR study was to examine possible causal associations between the twenty-one dietary practices and MS. For this investigation, we employed MR analysis utilizing generally accessible statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to examine causal connections between dietary habits and MS susceptibility among persons of European descent. The IEU Open GWAS project (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/) provided these GWAS data. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity were investigated using the MR-Egger Intercept test and Cochran's Q test, respectively. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode were used to assess the causal relationship between 21 dietary habit levels and MS. RESULTS: After removing outliers, we found a significant association between genetically induced oily fish intake and MS risk (IVW, OR: 0.557; 95% CI: 0.351-0.884; p = 0.013). Extensive sensitivity analyses confirmed this result. Other dietary habits had no dis-cernible relationship with MS risk. CONCLUSIONS: This MR analysis provides evidence of an association be-tween dietary patterns and the risk of developing MS. Notably, higher intake of oily fish was associated with a reduced risk of MS among individuals of European ancestry.
Dietary antioxidant index and cardiometabolic risks in normal-weight individuals: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Xue T, He X, Xu Y … +5 more , Fang J, Lin M, Cai L, Zheng T, Li L
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338952 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Caloric restriction is the most popular dietary intervention for preventing metabolic disorders. However, its benefits are limited in normal-weight individuals. This study aimed to examine the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Caloric restriction is the most popular dietary intervention for preventing metabolic disorders. However, its benefits are limited in normal-weight individuals. This study aimed to examine the association between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), as well as the relationship between CDAI and cardiometabolic mortality among normal-weight individuals, in order to provide personalized dietary recommendations. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study consisted of two parts: (1) a cross-sectional analysis exploring the association between CADI and MUNW; and (2) a prospective cohort analysis assessing CDAI in relation to cardiometabolic mortality. Adult participants with normal weight from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018) were enrolled and classified into quartile groups based on CDAI for the analyses. RESULTS: Among 4,590 participants included in this study, 472(7.82%) were diagnosed with MUNW. After full adjustment, the odds ra-tios (95% confidence intervals) for MUNW across the increasing CDAI levels were 0.80 (0.50-1.29), 0.85 (0.51-1.41), and 0.48 (0.26-0.87), respectively (p for trend = 0.026). This inverse association appeared to be attenuated among participants aged 20~59 years old (p for interaction = 0.035). During 32,113 person-years of follow-up, 82 cardiometabolic deaths occurred. After full adjustment, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for cardiometabolic mortality across the increasing CDAI levels were 0.78 (0.35-1.73), 0.51 (0.20-1.27), and 0.40 (0.19-0.87), respectively (p for trend = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: CDAI was inversely associated with MUNW and cardiometabolic mortality in a normal-weight population in the United States. These findings warrant confirmation through interventional studies.
Effects of plant-derived dietary antioxidants on Alzheimer's disease: Focus on ferroptosis.
Gu F, Zhu J, Zhu P … +1 more , Zou Z
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338951 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in older individuals. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent membrane lipid peroxida-tion is implic...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in older individuals. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent membrane lipid peroxida-tion is implicated in AD pathology. Increasing evidences have shown that plant-derived dietary antioxidants exhibit their anti-ferroptosis activity. However, the anti-AD mechanism of plant-derived dietary antioxidants remains elusive. Therefore, this review aims to explore the anti-AD effects of plant-derived dietary antioxidants via ferroptosis regulation. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This review examines the available published data from all peer-reviewed original research articles on following topics: ferroptosis mechanisms, the role of ferroptosis in AD, the preclinical or clinical studies of plant-derived dietary antioxidants in cell, animal models of AD or patients with AD. RESULTS: Ferroptosis is involved in AD pathology. Importantly, we clarify why docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich brain phospholipids are extremely susceptible to lipid peroxidation. In addition, plant-derived dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E (VE), resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), curcumin, quercetin, baicalein and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) show the anti-AD effects in preclinical AD models and prevent decline of cognition in healthy elderly population. Clinical studies show that ALA prevents decline of cognition of AD patients although most plant-derived dietary antioxidants exhibit con-flicting results. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that a plant-based diet may lead to potential health benefits in preventing cognitive decline in healthy elderly population. In regard to ALA, further clinical studies are highly recommended to evaluate its therapeutic potential that could optimize its dietary intake for preventing and alleviating decline of cognition of patients with AD.
Effectiveness of a canteen-based dietary intervention for metabolic syndrome in occupational men: A randomized controlled trial.
Ma J, Zhang Y, Liu B … +2 more , Du Z, Zhang X
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338950 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dietary intervention is an important strategy for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a canteen-based dietary inte...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dietary intervention is an important strategy for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a canteen-based dietary intervention on MetS in occupational men. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled study was conducted in May 2022. A total of 321 men with MetS aged 25 to 59 years were recruited from Shengli Oil-field. Participants in one canteen were randomly allocated to dietary intervention group (IG) and those in the other canteen as control group (CG). CG received health education for 6 months. IG received a 6-month healthy lunch and personalized dietary advice added health education. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS: Compared with CG, FBG (β: -0.72, p = 0.010), TC (β: -1.49, p <0.001), LDL-C (β: -0.65, p <0.001), WC (β: -7.73, p <0.001), BMI (β: -2.01, p <0.001) decreased and HDL-C (β: 0.13, p <0.001) increased significantly in IG. The IG had a 30.4% reduction in MetS, whilst there was a 1.3% reduction in CG (p <0.01). Moreover, a significant reduction in central obesity (-30.4%, p <0.001), high FBG (-8.8%, p <0.001), and low HDL-C (-4.1%, p = 0.008) was observed in IG. Conversely, the CG showed an increase in low HDL-C (10.7%, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Canteen-based intervention with a healthy lunch and personal-ized dietary advice can reduce the risk of MetS in occupational men. This study provides new empirical data for dietary intervention in ameliorating MetS.
Impact of low-FODMAP diet on symptom relief in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
Luo Y, Xu Z, Li R … +2 more , Zhang Q, Wu Z
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41338949 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) stands as a prevalent functional gastrointestinal condition known for causing persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel patterns, and diminished quality of life...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) stands as a prevalent functional gastrointestinal condition known for causing persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel patterns, and diminished quality of life. The low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet has emerged as a potential approach to managing IBS through dietary adjustments. To explore how the low FODMAP diet affects symptom relief, nutritional well-being, and overall quality of life in IBS patients when compared to those adhering to a standard diet. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including patients with IBS categorized into a regular diet group and a low FODMAP diet group. Dietary intake, daily nutrient intake, IBS symptom severity, adverse events, and quality of life were assessed. RESULTS: The low FODMAP diet group demonstrated significantly lower intake of fermentable carbohydrates, including total dietary fiber, fructose, lactose, sorbitol, and total carbohydrates, compared to the regular diet group. Additionally, the low FODMAP diet group exhibited favourable nutritional profiles, reflecting higher intake and utilization of essential nutrients such as vitamin C, iron, calcium, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, significant improvements in symptom severity, adverse event profiles, and quality-of-life scores were observed in the low FODMAP diet group compared to the regular diet group. CONCLUSIONS: The Low-FODMAP Diet significantly alters nutrient intake in IBS patients, which may contribute to the observed symptom relief.
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