International Dental Journal[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Significance of Methyltransferase-like 5 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Kajiya Y, Shima K, Shimojukkoku Y … +5 more , Oku Y, Tsuchiyama T, Higashimoto K, Kurihara-Shimomura M, Sasahira T
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42019204 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour with high-local invasiveness and lymph node metastasis potential. It is associated with poor prognosis and postoperative cosmetic complications. There...
OBJECTIVES: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour with high-local invasiveness and lymph node metastasis potential. It is associated with poor prognosis and postoperative cosmetic complications. Therefore, developing molecular targets for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment is imperative. Methyltransferase-like 5 (METTL5), a newly identified N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification writer, has been shown to exhibit tumour-promoting functions in several cancers. However, the significance of METTL5 expression in OSCC remains unexplored. METHODS: In this study, we performed gene expression and in silico analyses of METTL5 and related molecules using publicly available datasets. The clinicopathological significance of METTL5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 62 OSCC specimens. RESULTS: Analysis of public databases revealed that METTL5 expression was highly elevated in head and neck SCC. Genes related to METTL5, including TP53RK-binding protein (TPRKB) and ZZ-type zinc finger and EF-hand domain protein 1 (ZZEF1), were identified. Furthermore, METTL5 expression levels were positively correlated with those of ferroptosis-related genes. IHC analysis revealed that METTL5 expression was associated with local tumour progression (P = .0367). Multivariate analysis revealed that METTL5 expression is associated with poor prognosis for overall survival (P = .0376). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that METTL5 may serve as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for OSCC.
A Dynamic Study of Mandibular Movement Trajectories in Patients With Disc Displacement Without Reduction.
Xue H, Xue L, Feng Y … +3 more , Wang M, Ni X, Lin J
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42013519 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Mandibular movement is a complex physiological process essential for orofacial function. Patients with disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR) exhibit significant kinematic impairments, which a...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Mandibular movement is a complex physiological process essential for orofacial function. Patients with disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR) exhibit significant kinematic impairments, which are thought to arise from structural joint damage and neuromuscular dysregulation. This study characterised mandibular movement in DDWoR using the Jaw Motion Analyzer. Through quantitative trajectory analysis and principal component analysis, we identified the primary variation patterns in mandibular kinematics. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of key movement parameters. This work provides a basis for functional movement-based assessment and objective diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. METHODS: This case-control study enrolled 40 DDWoR patients and 20 matched healthy controls. Mandibular movement trajectories were recorded using the Zebris Jaw Motion Analyzer system during standardised tasks. Trajectory symmetry was analysed via mathematical programming. Statistical analyses included group comparisons, principal component analysis and ROC curve evaluation to identify diagnostic kinematic indicators. RESULTS: DDWoR patients exhibited significant kinematic alterations compared to healthy controls. Bilateral DDWoR patients showed reduced protrusive and opening movement ranges. In contrast, unilateral DDWoR patients demonstrated relatively asymmetrical patterns characterised by asymmetric condylar trajectories with increased lateral excursion ranges. Principal component analysis between the bilateral DDWoR group and the healthy group revealed 2 dominant variation patterns explaining 53.69% of total variance. ROC analysis identified excellent diagnostic value for sagittal opening symmetry (AUC = 0.901) and good value for incisal point inclination (AUC = 0.813). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm distinctive and heterogeneous mandibular movement patterns in DDWoR, revealing several parameters with diagnostic potential to inform functional assessment and personalised treatment strategies for temporomandibular disorder. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study identifies specific mandibular movement signatures in DDWoR patients, providing objective kinematic parameters for functional assessment. These findings facilitate early diagnosis, enable real-time treatment monitoring and support the development of personalised rehabilitation strategies for temporomandibular disorders.
Advantages of Combined Multiple-Case Teaching and Narrative Medicine Teaching Methods in Orthognathic Surgery.
Li K, Li C, Li X … +5 more , Gao S, Ji H, Mei X, Luo X, Zheng G
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42013518 · Full text
BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of combined multiple-case teaching (MCT) and narrative medicine teaching (NMT) method compared with lecture-based learning (LBL) in the clinical pr...
BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of combined multiple-case teaching (MCT) and narrative medicine teaching (NMT) method compared with lecture-based learning (LBL) in the clinical practical teaching of orthognathic surgery. METHODS: This study included 102 fourth-year undergraduate students from the Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, who were randomly divided into the MCT-NMT group or the LBL group. Learning outcomes and student satisfaction were evaluated through post-class test, medical record writing, and anonymous questionnaires. RESULTS: Compared with LBL group, students in the MCT-NMT group showed significant improvements in medical record scores, perceived ability and satisfaction with teaching. The course enhanced students' understanding of theoretical knowledge and improved their communication and expression abilities. CONCLUSION: MCT combined with NMT may be an effective method for improving dental students' technical and humanistic abilities, and is a teaching method that is more worthy of promotion than traditional education models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The essence of MCT-NMT is to transform 'fragmented knowledge' into 'systematic clinical capabilities.' This shift in teaching methodology ultimately may drive orthognathic surgery from 'technology-driven' to 'technology + humanities dual-driven' high-quality development.
Association Between Oral Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.
Lu M, Wei Y, Zhang R … +3 more , Li H, Zhai J, Cheng X
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42013517 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationship between oral frailty (OF) and cognitive impairment in older adults and explore the association between OF and different domains of cognitive function. METHODS: A total of 461 commu...
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationship between oral frailty (OF) and cognitive impairment in older adults and explore the association between OF and different domains of cognitive function. METHODS: A total of 461 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China were selected as the participants. The number of natural teeth, daily toothbrushing frequency and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scale for older adults were used to assess OF. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of OF was 33.4%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 65.7%. Compared with the non-OF group, the OF group was associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.959). Older adults with low oral function were associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment. OF was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥80 years (OR = 2.468). OF was associated with 2 domains of cognitive function: visuospatial and executive function (OR = 0.532), language domain (OR = 0.821). CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between OF and oral function and cognitive impairment in older adults in the community, and the association between OF and cognitive function is significant in older adults aged ≥80 years. OF in older adults was associated with worse screening performance in the domain of executive function and language function. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This cross-sectional study revealed the association between OF and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. The significance of this finding is not only to confirm the statistical association between oral and cognitive health, but also to suggest that oral and cognitive health dimensions, which are closely related but often managed separately, should be considered and synergistically promoted when designing community health intervention programs.
AI Chatbots vs. Traditional Sources: Dental Health Literacy and Confidence Among Dental Patients-A Cross-Sectional Study.
Naik S, Vellappally S, Alateek M … +9 more , Alrayyes YF, Kheraif AAAA, Alnassar TM, Schmalz G, Alsultan ZM, Alayadi H, Suresh N, Anil S, Chopra A
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42013516 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for dental health information, this study compared patients' perceived health information literacy for AI chatbots, measured using...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for dental health information, this study compared patients' perceived health information literacy for AI chatbots, measured using the Artificial Intelligence-eHealth Literacy Scale (AI-eHEALS), with traditional health information literacy, measured using the Traditional Health Information Literacy Scale (THILS) and examined how literacy and confidence influence information source preferences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University Dental Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, collecting responses from 474 adult dental patients using 8 validated items from AI-eHEALS and THILS. Domain-wise scores were calculated, and assumptions for parametric testing were verified. Group differences were analysed using independent t-tests. Structural equation modelling (SEM) examined pathways linking literacy domains, confidence, and information-source preferences, with perceived knowledge and evaluation items combined into a single AI-eHEALS literacy construct. RESULTS: The THILS scores were significantly higher than those on the AI-eHEALS across all domains (p < .001). AI-eHEALS scores were positively associated with prior AI use, male gender, and employment status, while THILS showed few demographic links. SEM indicated that combined literacy (knowledge + evaluation) predicted confidence in using AI tools (β = 0.62). Usefulness items showed weak loadings and were excluded, improving model reliability. Participants reported moderate familiarity with AI chatbots; however, they demonstrated higher scores and greater agreement with traditional sources. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that traditional dental health sources remain preferred over AI chatbots for health information, even with improved digital literacy. The study provides insight into patient perceptions of AI tools in dental care and suggests a need for enhanced AI literacy education and transparent communication about AI capabilities and limitations in health information contexts.
Labiolingual Loading Biomechanics on Central Incisor Under Different Periodontal Conditions: A Finite Element Study.
Liu S, Zheng Y, She R … +5 more , Liu L, Li F, Jin Y, Yang L, Wen X
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42001869 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: In this finite element study, the biomechanical effects of force application at different lingual versus labial sites on a maxillary central incisor with alveolar bone loss and proclination were compared. METH...
OBJECTIVE: In this finite element study, the biomechanical effects of force application at different lingual versus labial sites on a maxillary central incisor with alveolar bone loss and proclination were compared. METHODS: Finite element models were constructed to simulate 4 levels of alveolar bone loss: none, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of the root length. Labiolingual inclination was defined by the U1-SN angle (97°-115°). A combined force of 1.5 N retraction and 0.5 N intrusion was applied at 4 sites: the labial crown centre (La), the lingual fossa midpoint (Li(M)), the lingual fossa-cingulum transition (Li(T)), and the cingulum prominence (Li(P)). RESULTS: In models with 0-1/3 bone loss, labial forces produced predictable mesial crown displacement with increasing U1 SN angle, improving sagittal control. Lingual forces reduced distal displacement-most effectively at Li(M)-while Li(P) best controlled lingual inclination. Vertically, intrusion occurred under labial force with 1/3 loss, but extrusion under lingual force. Models with 1/2-2/3 bone loss showed complex horizontal movements, vertical extrusion, and reduced 3-dimensional control. Periodontal ligament (PDL) stress varied with force site, angle, and bone loss. Without loss, peak stress occurred near 100°; greater loss shifted this peak and increased stress. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 30% reduction in PDL modulus increased displacement by 43%, whereas a 30% increase reduced it by 23%. CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar bone loss is the dominant factor influencing tooth displacement patterns and results in greater than ±30% changes in the PDL modulus inclination. Increased bone loss exacerbates crown lingual tipping and extrusion. Labial force provides better control over lingual tipping than lingual force does. Among lingual sites, the cingulum minimizes these adverse movements. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that variations in the elastic modulus of the PDL led to changes in initial tooth displacement, whereas the tooth movement rate remained relatively stable.
Effect of Implant Angulation on Digital Impression Accuracy of Three-Unit Implant-Supported Restorations.
Ameri N, Arshad M, Ghaffari M … +2 more , Habibzadeh S, Mosaddad SA
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42001868 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study evaluated the effect of implant angulation on the accuracy of digital impressions for 3-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures obtained with 2 intraoral scanners. METHODS: Three p...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study evaluated the effect of implant angulation on the accuracy of digital impressions for 3-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures obtained with 2 intraoral scanners. METHODS: Three partially edentulous maxillary resin casts with 4 implants placed bilaterally at the first premolar and first molar sites were prepared with inter-implant angulations of 0° (parallel), 15°, and 30°. Scan bodies were attached and reference scans were obtained using an optical coordinate-measuring system. Each cast was scanned 12 times with 3Shape TRIOS 3 and CEREC Omnicam AC scanners. The datasets were superimposed onto the reference models, and linear and angular deviations were calculated. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to evaluate the effects of implant angulation, scanner type, and implant pair. RESULTS: Implant angulation significantly affected digital impression accuracy. For linear deviation, the GEE model showed a significant cast × scanner interaction (β = 0.028; 95% CI, 0.017-0.039; p < .001). TRIOS 3 produced greater deviations than Omnicam at 0° and 15° (mean differences 0.029 mm and 0.018 mm), whereas it showed lower deviation at 30° (-0.027 mm). Linear deviations ranged from 0.50 to 0.68 mm. For angular deviation, no cast × scanner interaction was found (β = 0.017; 95% CI, -0.008-0.043; P = .078), but implant angulation had a significant effect (β = -0.628; 95% CI, -0.917 to -0.338; P = .001), with lower deviations at higher angulations (0.05°-0.06°). Scanner type and implant pair did not significantly affect angular accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Implant angulation influences the linear and angular accuracy of digital impressions for short-span implant-supported restorations. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, moderate implant angulations (15°-30°) did not adversely affect angular accuracy or compromise digital impressions of short-span implant configurations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Moderate implant angulation does not appear to compromise the accuracy of digital impressions of short-span implant-supported restorations, supporting the clinical use of intraoral scanners in situations where implant angulation is dictated by anatomical or surgical constraints.
Saint Apollonia and the Ethical Foundations of Contemporary Dental Practice.
Fiorillo L, Samaranayake LP
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42001867 · Full text
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Lysate Sustained-Release Nano-Hydrogel Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Mitochondrial Intrinsic Apoptosis.
Sun ML, Wu H, Liu SY … +3 more , Jiang CL, Zhou H, Hou A
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42001866 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has emerged as a major challenge to global public health due to its low recovery rate and high disability rate, making the development of novel therapeutic approaches imperative. Mese...
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has emerged as a major challenge to global public health due to its low recovery rate and high disability rate, making the development of novel therapeutic approaches imperative. Mesenchymal stem cell lysate (MSC-lysate) not only retains the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) but also avoids many potential risks associated with MSC, serving as a safe and effective novel strategy for SCI treatment. However, its therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms in SCI remain unclear. METHODS: First, a MSC-lysate (MSC derived from dental pulp stem cells) sustained-release nanohydrogel composite system (DL@ZIF-8@PF-127) was fabricated using MSC-lysate, ZIF-8, and PF-127. The anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and ferroptosis-inhibitory effects of the DL@ZIF-8@PF-127 composite system were evaluated using a SCI animal model and a HO-induced cellular model. Subsequently, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and JC-1 assays were employed to detect the expression of proteins related to the Nrf2/HO-1/P65 pathway, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis-related markers. Additionally, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, gait analysis, H&E staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, and Annexin V/PI double staining were used to assess neurological function recovery and tissue damage repair. RESULTS: After treatment with DL@ZIF-8@PF-127, the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways induced by SCI were significantly inhibited. The tissue structure damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and neuronal loss at the injury site were markedly alleviated, accompanied by an increased number of Nissl bodies and reduced neuronal degeneration and gliosis. CONCLUSIONS: The DL@ZIF-8@PF-127 composite system can targetedly regulate the Nrf2/HO-1/P65 pathway through the synergistic effect of carrier materials and MSC-lysate. It inhibits ferroptosis and mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis, alleviates inflammatory responses, improves mitochondrial function, and promotes neuronal repair, thereby mitigating spinal cord injury. This study provides a safe, convenient, and potential therapeutic strategy for SCI.
Seventy-Five Years of the International Dental Journal: A Diamond Jubilee of Vision, Growth and Global Leadership.
Samaranayake L, Sharkov N, Bondioni E
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42001865 · Full text
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Recombinant IL-38 Alleviates Temporomandibular Joint Synovial Inflammation via IL-1R1-NF-κB-IL1β Pathway.
Luo P, Lv X, Hui J … +1 more , Qiao H
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42001864 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Interleukin (IL)-38 has been identified as an anti-inflammatory cytokine; however, its specific role in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial inflammation and the identity of its functional recept...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Interleukin (IL)-38 has been identified as an anti-inflammatory cytokine; however, its specific role in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial inflammation and the identity of its functional receptors remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of IL-38 in TMJ synovial inflammation and to elucidate its potential receptor mechanisms. METHODS: A rat model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) was established via bilateral TMJ injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA). Fifteen Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into three groups: sham (PBS), model (MIA), and treatment (MIA +human recombinant IL-38, hIL-38). Protein BLAST analysis was utilized to predict IL-38 function and receptor affinity. Synovial histopathology was assessed using HE staining. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed to quantify inflammatory gene expression, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect inflammatory proteins and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) expression. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and protein-protein docking analyses were performed to predict the interaction between IL-38 and IL-1R1. RESULTS: IL-38 exhibited 43% identity and 55% positivity with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), its precursor, and its isoforms X1 and X2. HE staining demonstrated that hIL-38 significantly reduced synovial inflammatory cell infiltration. IHC staining revealed that hIL-38 inhibited macrophage infiltration (CD68⁺) and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2, thereby attenuating synovial inflammation. Docking and PPI analyses corroborated a direct interaction between IL-38 and IL-1R1. Furthermore, IHC staining indicated that IL-38 down-regulated the protein levels of IL-1R1, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS: IL-38 functions as a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine that alleviates TMJ synovial inflammation, potentially by antagonizing IL-1R1 and blocking the NF-κB signalling cascade. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: IL-38 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for alleviating synovial inflammation in TMJOA.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Three-Dimensional Phenotypes of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion in Yemeni Adults: A Principal Component and Cluster Analysis.
Hafedh SMB, Al-Harazi G, Ishaq RA
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41990566 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Skeletal Class II malocclusion is heterogeneous, and conventional two-dimensional cephalometry may not fully capture relevant three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial variation. This study aimed to iden...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Skeletal Class II malocclusion is heterogeneous, and conventional two-dimensional cephalometry may not fully capture relevant three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial variation. This study aimed to identify 3D skeletal phenotypes of Class II malocclusion in Yemeni adults using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multivariate analysis. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included CBCT scans of 120 Yemeni adults with skeletal Class II malocclusion (56 males, 64 females; age range 16-30 years; mean 23.1 ± 3.5 years) retrieved from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University. CBCT-derived cephalometric measurements were obtained from lateral reconstructions using Dolphin Imaging (version 12.0 Premium). Twenty prespecified skeletal variables were standardised and analysed by principal component analysis (PCA). Seven components were retained and entered into Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis. The optimal cluster solution was selected using dendrogram inspection, agglomeration coefficients, average silhouette, and clinical interpretability. Canonical discriminant analysis with leave-one-out classification was used for internal validation, and cluster distribution by sex was assessed using chi-square testing. RESULTS: The seven retained principal components explained 64.4% of the variance in the 20 skeletal variables. Cluster analysis identified five skeletal Class II phenotypes (Cluster 1, n = 34; Cluster 2, n = 24; Cluster 3, n = 32; Cluster 4, n = 24; Cluster 5, n = 6) representing different combinations of maxillary position, mandibular retrusion, mandibular plane angulation, and facial height pattern. The five-cluster solution showed acceptable internal separation (average silhouette = 0.253). Internal validation demonstrated robust discrimination, with an overall leave-one-out correct classification rate of 99.2%. Cluster distribution did not differ significantly by sex (chi-square P = .921). CONCLUSION: CBCT-based multivariate analysis identified five distinct skeletal phenotypes among Yemeni adults with skeletal Class II malocclusion, highlighting the heterogeneity of this condition and the limitations of relying only on sagittal descriptors such as ANB and Wits appraisal. Phenotype-specific 3D characterisation may support more individualised treatment planning and may provide clinically interpretable labels for future machine-learning studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Phenotype-specific 3D characterisation of skeletal Class II malocclusion may support individualised treatment planning (eg, growth modification, camouflage, or orthognathic approaches). The resulting cluster labels may also serve as clinically interpretable phenotypic descriptors for future machine-learning studies, but no AI modelling was performed in the present work.
Divergent Patient-Reported Outcomes to Periodontal Therapy: A Prospective Study of Gingivitis Subtypes.
Cao G, Ying X, Li X … +4 more , Dai Y, Huang Y, Bai G, Cai X
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41985395 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Subtype-specific differences in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following periodontal therapy for gingivitis remain poorly defined. This study compared changes over time in clinical parameters, or...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Subtype-specific differences in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following periodontal therapy for gingivitis remain poorly defined. This study compared changes over time in clinical parameters, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and dental anxiety (DA) following periodontal therapy among individuals with localized gingivitis (LG), generalized gingivitis (GG), and periodontally healthy controls (PH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety participants (30 per group) underwent scaling, polishing, and oral hygiene instruction. Clinical parameters (bleeding on probing [BOP], gingival index [GI], plaque index [PLI]) and patient-reported outcomes (Oral Health Impact Profile-14 [OHIP-14] and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale [C-DAS]) were recorded at baseline (t0), 1 month (t1), and upon achieving periodontal health (t2; BOP < 10%). RESULTS: All groups showed significant improvements in GI and PLI (P < .05). BOP decreased significantly in LG and GG (both P < .05), but not in PH. PROs exhibited distinct, subtype-specific patterns: OHRQoL (OHIP-14) improved significantly in GG only at t2 (P < .05), whereas the LG improved at both t1 and t2 (all P < .05). In addition, dental anxiety (C-DAS) decreased significantly in the GG at both t1 and t2 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Periodontal therapy provides dual clinical and psychological benefits, with the pattern of improvement in OHRQoL and reduction in dental anxiety contingent on gingivitis subtype. The registration number: ChiCTR2300076378.
Systematic Review: Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications.
Li Z, Luo C, Wen P … +3 more , Zou T, Jin Z, Jiang S
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41980468 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria are spherical lipid bilayer nanostructures with diameters of 20 to 250 nm. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone periodontal pathogen,...
BACKGROUND: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria are spherical lipid bilayer nanostructures with diameters of 20 to 250 nm. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone periodontal pathogen, releases OMVs that mediate its virulence and systemic pathological effects. METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 2025. RESULTS: A total of 62 articles were incorporated into the analysis. Generally, OMVs of P. gingivalis play a role in mediating interbacterial communication and are involved in pathogen-host interactions. These processes contribute to periodontal tissue destruction and systemic dissemination via blood vessels, thereby being associated with multiple systemic diseases. Key findings are as follows: (1) Periodontal destruction: OMVs inhibit endothelial cells (ECs)-mediated osteogenesis via the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway and induce apoptosis in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) through the msRNA45033-CBX5-p53 methylation axis. Moreover, OMVs induce ferroptosis in BMSCs via the Hippo-YAP pathway. (2) Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression: OMVs promote the development of OSCC by inducing NF-κB-regulated ferroptosis. Additionally, sRNA23392 within OMVs downregulates desmocollin-2, which impairs the invasion and migration of OSCC cells. (3) Systemic dissemination: OMVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport bacterial components to distant organs, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. (4) Immune modulation: OMVs interact with macrophages and dendritic cells to trigger robust immune responses, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: P. gingivalis OMVs act as key mediators of virulence dissemination and significantly modulate host-microbe interactions along the oral-systemic axis. This systematic review consolidates recent advancements in the research on P. gingivalis OMVs, emphasizing their roles in immunoregulation, pathogenic mechanisms, and associations with both periodontal and systemic diseases. Gaps in existing literature include strain-specific heterogeneity of OMVs and the dose-response relationships within systemic disease contexts. Future studies should employ multi-omics approaches and standardized methodologies to elucidate their heterogeneity and dose-response relationships, facilitating targeted therapies.
Emerging Technologies, Education, and Governance in Latin American Dentistry: Perspectives from Venezuela and Nicaragua.
Zavarce Velasquez CD, Vanegas Sáenz JR, Salazar Luces JV … +2 more , Zavarce Castillo CE, Hong G
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41962511 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This article aims to answer how emerging technologies, education, and governance can be strategically integrated to improve oral health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). By focusing on Vene...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This article aims to answer how emerging technologies, education, and governance can be strategically integrated to improve oral health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). By focusing on Venezuela and Nicaragua, it identifies the structural gaps that must be addressed to unlock the full potential of these technologies. The authors argue that the thematic intersection proposed in this article remains underexplored, particularly in the LAC context, where further research is needed to combine critical analysis with context-specific approaches to public policy. METHODS: This study employed a comparative case study based on a mixed-methods design with both descriptive and explanatory components, grounded in 2 epistemological stages. In the first stage, a qualitative approach was applied through documentary research drawing on primary and secondary sources. In the second stage, the authors conducted fieldwork using structured online surveys with dental professionals, including both practitioners and scholars. The online surveys focused on 4 dimensions within the field of dentistry: (1) knowledge and application of emerging digital technologies, (2) education, (3) governance, and (4) public policies. RESULTS: The results combine qualitative analysis with descriptive statistics, enabling country-level comparisons. The findings show that the adoption of emerging technologies in LAC dentistry, especially in Venezuela and Nicaragua, faces significant transnational challenges, including cost, education and training, infrastructure limitations, and regulatory gaps. Addressing these issues would benefit from coordinated responses from governments, the private sector, universities, professional associations, and other stakeholders. A collaborative approach at both national and regional levels is therefore essential for advancing digital transformation in oral health across the region. CONCLUSION: Despite these challenges, a growing number of cases demonstrate the successful application of digital technologies, such as intraoral scanners (IOS), minimally invasive dentistry (MID), computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in scanning, diagnosis, and treatment. These, however, remain isolated experiences rather than evidence of a fully integrated digital ecosystem. In this vein, policymakers should prioritize emerging technologies to ensure public policies that guarantee oral health for all. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study identifies system-level barriers to the clinical adoption of digital dentistry in Venezuela and Nicaragua and proposes actionable policies and institutional measures to enable the safe, effective, and equitable integration of IOS, CAD/CAM workflows, and AI-assisted diagnostics.
Chemerin Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis and the GSDMD-N Pathway.
Zhang X, Guo Y, Gao F … +7 more , Ni X, Li T, Wang C, Lin M, Tan X, Wang N, Feng Y
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41962510 · Full text
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumour of the head and neck region. In recent years, the relationship between pyroptosis and tumours has received increasing attention. How...
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumour of the head and neck region. In recent years, the relationship between pyroptosis and tumours has received increasing attention. However, its regulatory mechanism and effects on tumour behaviour remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of chemerin expression on pyroptosis of OSCC tumour cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: In this study, chemerin expression and pyroptosis-related proteins in 145 OSCC tissues were detected using immunohistochemical methods. The effect of chemerin expression on the expression of pyroptosis related proteins (GSDMD,GSDMD-N and IL-1β) in OSCC cells was explored by Western blot analysis. The influence of chemerin-induced pyroptosis on the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lipid metabolism of OSCC cells was investigated through scratch test, transwell, flow cytometry experiments and CCK-8 assays. Nude mice experiments were also done to explore the effects of chemerin expression on tumour cell pyroptosis and tumour growth. RESULTS: Our findings suggested that elevated expression of chemerin enhances pyroptosis in OSCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Pyoptosis-related proteins were highly expressed in OSCC, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression was associated with poor clinical prognosis and short survival time in OSCC patients. The combination of chemerin and GSDMD expression was correlated with a poorer clinical prognosis. In vitro experimental results showed that pyroptosis of OSCC cells promoted cell proliferation by regulating cell cycles via increasing the number of cells entering the S phase, as well as cell invasion and migration through EMT. The pyroptosis of OSCC cells also affected lipid metabolism, promoting tumour progression. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that chemerin mostly facilitated pyroptosis of OSCC cells via the NLRP3/GSDMD-N pathway, and pyroptosis promoted tumor progression through different pathways. Both overexpression of chemerin and elevated pyroptosis in OSCC cells appear to be poor prognostic jndicators in OSCC.
Data Availability Statements of Publications in Journals Indexed in the Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine Category of Journal Citation Reports: A Meta-Research Study.
Rakkani R, van der Aa N, Faggion CM … +1 more , Su N
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41955959 · Full text
To evaluate the frequency and types of data availability statements (DASs) of publications in journals indexed in the Dentistry, Oral surgery and Medical (DOM) category of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) database, and to...
To evaluate the frequency and types of data availability statements (DASs) of publications in journals indexed in the Dentistry, Oral surgery and Medical (DOM) category of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) database, and to identify risk indicators associated with the presence of DASs in publications. We searched PubMed on October 18, 2024, for publications presenting original research involving human subjects, published in journals indexed in the DOM category of JCR database, after July 1, 2023. Each included publication was assessed for DAS, which was categorised into different types using Springer Nature's standard DAS framework. The risk indicators regarding author, study and journal levels were extracted. Logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the association between the risk indicators and the presence of DASs. A total of 998 publications were included. Fewer than half (49.7%) of the included publications contained a DAS. The 2 most common DAS types were datasets being available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request with a prevalence of 40.4% (N = 403) and authors directly providing the repository and/or weblink for the datasets with a prevalence of 3.0% (N = 30). The presence of DAS was significantly associated with funding status of publications, journal impact factor and journal requirement on DASs. DASs appear infrequent in publications in journals indexed in the DOM category of JCR database. Funded studies published in journals which require a DAS and journals with a higher impact factor were more likely to contain a DAS than studies which were not funded and published in journals which do not require a DAS with a lower impact factor.
AI-Assisted Dual-Template Workflow in Tooth Autotransplantation: A Promising Step Toward Precision Dentistry.
Gao X
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41955958 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Letter to the Editor on AI-Driven CBCT Analysis for Surgical Decision by Deng et at.
Chen Y
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41950801 · Full text
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EnamelNet-TRiX: A Lesion-Aware Dual-Transformer With Cross-Attention for Early and Advanced Enamel Caries Diagnosis.
Balachandran S, Marappan R
Int Dent J · 2026 Jun · PMID 41950800 · Full text
PURPOSE: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide, and predicting Early Enamel Caries (EEC) and Advanced Enamel Caries (AEC) in intraoral imaging is a significant clinical research challenge. To...
PURPOSE: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide, and predicting Early Enamel Caries (EEC) and Advanced Enamel Caries (AEC) in intraoral imaging is a significant clinical research challenge. To overcome the challenges, this research presents an EnamelNet-TRiX, an automated diagnosis system for enamel caries based on a lesion-aware dual-transformer framework with across-attention guidance. METHODS: The proposed framework is developed using a shallow convolutional lesion-aware module (LAM) that incorporates on the lesions of the enamel combined with a Swin Transformer that zooms in on textures of the lesions, and a Vision Transformer (ViT) that captures the overall global structure to provide contextual global structural guidance followed by a multi-scale feature fusion stage that augments cross-stream attention with concatenation and unification for classification. The model is trained on the Caries-Spectra dataset, a set of internal images comprising 2000 intraoral images with three diagnostic classes (EEC, AEC, and No Enamel Caries [NEC]), which are cross-validated using an 80-20 split on a patient basis for training and testing. RESULTS: The model is externally evaluated on the DentRT-2 dataset that consists of 300 real-world intraoral images with diverse diagnostic conditions. The model achieved accuracy: 99.25%, precision: 98.94%, recall: 99.12%, and F1-score: 99.03%, respectively, for the Caries-Spectra dataset, while confirming 96.33% accuracy on DentRT-2. The simulation results show the solid domain generalisation of caries diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The proposed lesion-aware dual-transformers with cross-attention, a multiscale fusion mechanism incorporating local, global, and lesion-prior features, and exhaustive internal and external clinical testing on a real-time dataset shed light on EnamelNet-TRiX as a trustworthy framework for the diagnosis of enamel caries.
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