Journal Of The American Veterinary Medical Association[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in equine and canine practice.
Horne CR, Schnabel LV
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jun · PMID 41791225 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To describe the proposed mechanism of action of shock wave therapy and discuss treatment considerations and guidelines for use in equine and canine practice. ANIMALS: Client-owned animals with owner consent. M...
OBJECTIVE: To describe the proposed mechanism of action of shock wave therapy and discuss treatment considerations and guidelines for use in equine and canine practice. ANIMALS: Client-owned animals with owner consent. METHODS: Shock wave therapy is proposed to stimulate healing by generating forces that cause cells to undergo microtrauma and release anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors into the treated tissues. While the 4 types of shock wave therapies are discussed, electrohydraulic and piezoelectric are described in detail, as they are most utilized in veterinary medicine for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, osteoarthritis, and nonunion fractures. The dose that is applied per patient is relative to the selected settings of depth, energy level, and number of pulses delivered. It is important to recognize that the highest energy deposition and greatest biological effects are seen at anatomic regions of differing tissue types such as bone and soft tissue interfaces; thus, shock wave is particularly useful at areas of enthesopathy. RESULTS: Because of the mechanism of action, the use of anti-inflammatory medications and/or cryotherapy around shock wave treatment times should be avoided. Additionally, because of the potent analgesic effects of shock wave for the first 48 hours after treatment, rest is recommended to prevent any further damage to the tissues. Competition rules surrounding the use of shock wave must also be followed and discussed with owners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Shock wave therapy is an accessible and useful modality for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, osteoarthritis, and nonunion fractures.
Retrospective evaluation of parenteral penicillin G procaine/benzathine and ceftiofur crystalline free acid use in chinchillas and guinea pigs: 124 cases (2001-2023).
Cooper A, Mans C
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Mar · PMID 41780183 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use and adverse effects of parenterally administered penicillin G procaine/benzathine and ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CFA) in guinea pig and chinchilla patients. METHODS: Retrospectively,...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use and adverse effects of parenterally administered penicillin G procaine/benzathine and ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CFA) in guinea pig and chinchilla patients. METHODS: Retrospectively, the medical records of a university veterinary teaching hospital were searched for guinea pigs and chinchillas evaluated between 2001 and 2023 that were prescribed penicillin G procaine/benzathine or ceftiofur parenterally. Information on signalment, indication for treatment, drug dose, and administration frequency and duration, as well as potential adverse effects, was extracted. RESULTS: Penicillin G was administered to 15 guinea pigs and 43 chinchillas. Ceftiofur was administered to 42 guinea pigs and 24 chinchillas. The drugs were administered SC in all cases. The median doses for both species were 50,000 IU of penicillin G/kg and 40 mg of ceftiofur/kg. Adverse effects were suspected in 1 of 15 guinea pigs and 2 of 43 chinchillas following parenteral penicillin administration. No gastrointestinal clinical signs, such as diarrhea, were reported as adverse effects. No adverse effects were reported in any animals after ceftiofur injection. CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral ceftiofur CFA appears to be safe in guinea pigs and chinchillas. While parenteral penicillin procaine/benzathine may result in adverse effects, which are challenging to distinguish from the consequences of underlying disease processes, gastrointestinal signs secondary to dysbiosis are not to be expected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Parenteral ceftiofur CFA administration can be considered safe in guinea pigs and chinchillas, but its clinical efficacy for the treatment of bacterial infections is unknown because of a lack of species-specific pharmacokinetic data.
When goals align: targeted trap-neuter-(vaccinate)-return project helps students, shelters, cats, and communities.
DeTar L, Bubnell J, Henry ME … +2 more , Lopez D, Reed J
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jun · PMID 41780172 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In 2024, Cornell University's Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program, in collaboration with the College of Veterinary Medicine and the local society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (SPCA), launched a servi...
OBJECTIVE: In 2024, Cornell University's Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program, in collaboration with the College of Veterinary Medicine and the local society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (SPCA), launched a service-learning, high-volume trap-neuter-(vaccinate)-return (TNR) initiative at the request of local neighborhood residents to address a chronic community cat crisis and provide needed surgical opportunities for veterinary students. This mixed-methods study investigated the short-term impacts of the project on student surgical experiences, shelter metrics, and community perceptions of human and feline well-being. METHODS: Through observational and prospective quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyzed changes in student surgical opportunity, shelter cat metrics, and caregiver experiences before and after the 2024 project. RESULTS: During 2024, 147 cats underwent TNR and 48 participating students increased their on-site surgical volume by approximately 3 procedures. Qualitative feedback revealed gains in confidence and perception of professional readiness. Shelter data showed a moderate impact compared to other TNR studies; benefits included a significant reduction in unweaned kittens and a 3-fold reduction in euthanasia from the target community (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.55 to 9.8). A small increase in intake from this neighborhood after intervention reflected better alignment between community needs (fewer) and access to shelter services (more). The largest impact of the project was in the community. Residents reported profound improvements in cat welfare, kitten births, and mortality. They also reported reduced fighting, injuries, and property damage and renewed trust in the local society for the prevention of cruelty to animals. CONCLUSIONS: This mixed-methods study demonstrated that a collaborative, service-learning, large-scale TNR intervention generated meaningful benefits for the target community, the local shelter, cats, and veterinary students. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A collaborative, community-engaged, service-learning TNR model could provide sufficient surgical capacity to simultaneously expand surgical training and rapidly stabilize free-roaming cat populations in resource-limited communities.
Centering community: using principles of community engagement to support veterinary service-learning programs with Indigenous communities in Canada.
Baker T, Kutz S, Pratt YP … +1 more , Tan JY
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41780163 · Publisher ↗
Veterinary service-learning programs can address gaps in access to care while fostering ethical, culturally responsive education. This paper examines 2 long-standing initiatives at the University of Calgary Faculty of Ve...
Veterinary service-learning programs can address gaps in access to care while fostering ethical, culturally responsive education. This paper examines 2 long-standing initiatives at the University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Northern Community Health Rotation, and the Equine Service-Learning Initiative, which center Indigenous partner communities through sustained, reciprocal engagement and how they relate to principles of veterinary community engagement. Program evaluations demonstrate improved animal health outcomes and transformative, culturally responsive student learning.
Dogs with chronic enteropathy and low disease activity show signs consistent with compromised emotional health compared to matched healthy control dogs.
Ludvigsson U, Heath S, Tooley C … +4 more , Olmedal G, Hellgren J, Toni M, Toresson L
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41780160 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare emotional health in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and healthy controls. METHODS: 50 dogs with CE and matched healthy dogs were enrolled in a cross-sectional, case-control, questionnaire-based s...
OBJECTIVE: To compare emotional health in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and healthy controls. METHODS: 50 dogs with CE and matched healthy dogs were enrolled in a cross-sectional, case-control, questionnaire-based study from June 2022 to August 2023. Gastrointestinal disease activity was assessed with the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index and fecal score. Emotional health was assessed with the Positive and Negative Activation Scale and questions regarding behaviors associated with emotional arousal and signs of distress in specific situations. RESULTS: Dogs with CE had significantly higher mean negative activation scores (0.48 vs 0.33; Cohen's d = 1.21), on a scale ranging from 0.2 (minimal contribution of negative affective systems) to 1.0 (maximal contribution). Frequency of displacement behaviors and signs of distress were graded on a 5-point Likert scale (1 [no signs] to 5 [frequent behaviors or obvious signs of distress]). Scores ≥ 3 were considered clinically relevant. Dogs with CE had a score of ≥ 3 more often than healthy dogs for displacement behaviors in 5 of 7 situations (relative risk range, 3.19 to 13.64; all 95% CIs excluded 1) and were more likely to score ≥ 3 for signs of distress when owners prepared to leave the house (relative risk, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.35). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated a relationship between CE and signs consistent with compromised emotional health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings suggest that a veterinary approach integrating physical and emotional dimensions of health may be of importance. Further studies are warranted to explore whether emotional interventions may influence gastrointestinal outcomes.
Topical oxygen therapy with hyaluronic acid improves wound healing in small animals.
Ferrari C, Cola V, Zanardi S … +9 more , Foglia A, Pisoni L, Ciammaichella L, Pizzi E, Campanerut J, Di Benedetto M, Tassani C, Turchi V, Magno SD
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759296 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical oxygen therapy (TOT), with and without hyaluronic acid (HA), in improving the healing process of open wounds in dogs and cats. METHODS: This prospective, single-blind,...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical oxygen therapy (TOT), with and without hyaluronic acid (HA), in improving the healing process of open wounds in dogs and cats. METHODS: This prospective, single-blind, randomized study was conducted from 2020 to 2023. Open wounds ≤ 15 cm2 were randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the treatment applied: the TOT group, TOT+HA group, and control group. Total oxygen therapy was delivered at 5 L/min for 10-minute sessions directly on the wound bed, with or without 1 mL of nebulized 0.2% low-molecular-weight hyaluronate, every 3 to 5 days until complete wound healing. The control group underwent standard-of-care treatment with honey and bandages, as in the other 2 groups. Wounds were evaluated at different time points by a single blinded surgeon using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT), with lower scores indicating improved wound healing. RESULTS: 46 open wounds in 34 dogs and 8 cats were included. Wounds treated with TOT+HA presented a significantly lower total BWAT score than the other groups at 21 days. Considering every variable of the BWAT, a statistically significant difference was found for epithelialization and area at 7 days and for edges, granulation tissue, and epithelialization at 21 days, with a significantly lower score in wounds treated with TOT+HA. CONCLUSIONS: Wounds treated with adjuvant TOT+HA resulted in significantly improved and faster healing compared with standard dressings at 21 days. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of adjuvant therapy with TOT+HA has proved to be safe, effective, and easy to apply in the management of open wounds.
Modification of Little's law estimates a higher number of needed staff for a veterinary anesthesia service compared to the traditional formula.
Clark-Price SC, McIver K, Crabtree R … +1 more , Baird AN
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759294 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare Little's law formula (LL) and a health care modification of LL (HCM) that includes efficiency and patient-to-staff ratio to estimate the staff needed for a veterinary anesthesia service. METHODS: Th...
OBJECTIVE: To compare Little's law formula (LL) and a health care modification of LL (HCM) that includes efficiency and patient-to-staff ratio to estimate the staff needed for a veterinary anesthesia service. METHODS: This study was conducted between May 7 and August 9, 2024. Calculations were performed for 1 to 25 cases with a mean duration of 60 to 300 minutes, at 30-minute intervals, using LL (N = [λ·T]/H, where N = the number of anesthesia personnel, λ = the number of cases per day, T = the mean duration of anesthesia [time from premedication to extubation], and H = work hours per day [shift length]) and HCM (N = [λ·T]/[H·EF·SR], where EF = efficiency factor [0.8], and SR = patient to staff ratio [1:1 for anesthesia]). Results were rounded up to the nearest whole number. For each duration interval, results from LL and the HCM were compared with a Wilcoxon signed rank test. A P value < .05 was used for significance. RESULTS: The HCM estimated a significantly larger number of staff for all case duration intervals compared to LL. CONCLUSIONS: Calculations utilizing a formula that included efficiency and patient-to-staff ratio resulted in an estimation of a larger number of anesthesia staff compared to calculations that did not. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modifications of LL that incorporate staff efficiency and patient-to-staff ratio may estimate higher staffing needs. Because of adaptability, the HCM may be useful to estimate staffing needs in other areas of veterinary medicine beyond anesthesia.
Lignocaine and phenylephrine spray prior to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome surgery in dogs reduces postoperative regurgitation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Graham M, King J, Atkinson P … +1 more , Corfield G
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759292 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a novel locoregional vasoconstrictive anesthesia technique on opioid requirements and postoperative complications for brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstruc...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a novel locoregional vasoconstrictive anesthesia technique on opioid requirements and postoperative complications for brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial was performed. A total of 98 brachycephalic dogs presenting to a single referral hospital from July 2024 to November 2025 for elective airway surgery were prospectively enrolled. Subjects were randomized to receive 10 actuations of lignocaine and phenylephrine spray or placebo via intraoral administration prior to surgery. A standardized protocol designed for brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery was utilized for anesthetic management. Outcome measures including intraoperative and postoperative interventions, as well as postoperative complications, were compared. A directed acyclic graph was constructed to determine any causal relationships. RESULTS: 49 dogs received intraoral lignocaine and phenylephrine spray and 49 dogs received placebo spray prior to surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative methadone requirements did not differ significantly between treatment groups. No difference in postoperative respiratory complications was found, but postoperative regurgitation was significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the lignocaine group (OR, 8.1; 95% CI, 2.5 to 37.0). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoral lignocaine and phenylephrine spray did not reduce intraoperative opioid requirements but did decrease postoperative regurgitation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To reduce gastrointestinal complications, locoregional vasoconstrictive anesthesia techniques should be considered as part of a multimodal anesthesia plan for dogs undergoing corrective surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.
Plating canine urine cultures in the veterinary clinic.
Grady J, Sample K, Okumura M … +3 more , Freeman N, Fellman C, Cole S
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Feb · PMID 41759291 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a technique for plating and incubating canine urine cultures in-house as a screening tool for bacteriuria. ANIMALS: Urine samples from dogs presenting for urinary conditions. METHODS: The clinic...
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a technique for plating and incubating canine urine cultures in-house as a screening tool for bacteriuria. ANIMALS: Urine samples from dogs presenting for urinary conditions. METHODS: The clinic's laboratory space should comply with biosafety level 2 requirements. Urine samples should be collected via cystocentesis or sterile urinary catheter. A sterile 1-µL inoculating loop is used to streak the urine onto both sides of a tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep's blood and MacConkey agar biplate. The plate is kept in a benchtop incubator at 35 to 37 °C for 16 to 24 hours, then checked for growth. Positive plates may be submitted to a reference laboratory for species identification and susceptibility testing. Alternatively, following identification of in-house bacterial growth, a urine sample stored in the refrigerator for no longer than 48 hours may be submitted for culture and susceptibility (C&S) testing. RESULTS: In-house urine culture provides an inexpensive way to accurately rule out bacteriuria as a cause for urinary conditions in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The majority (70% to 80%) of canine urine cultures yield no growth. In patients with suspected urinary tract disease, avoiding reference laboratory C&S submission for negative samples allows client resources to be directed to additional diagnostics and treatments. In-house urine culture is an inexpensive screening tool for bacteriuria, which promotes antimicrobial stewardship, responsible use of client resources, and access to veterinary care. Positive in-house culture plates may still be accurately submitted for C&S once growth is confirmed.
Incidence of hypoxemia is associated with echocardiographic findings in dogs with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease.
Seki D, Goya S, Teshima K … +1 more , Yamaya Y
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759290 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) findings in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and to examine their association with echocardiographic and thoracic radiographic findings. METHODS:...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) findings in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and to examine their association with echocardiographic and thoracic radiographic findings. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study (April 2022 to March 2024), thoracic radiography, echocardiography, ABGA, and blood pressure measurement were compared among 3 groups: the control group (without cardiac disease or with stage B1), stage B2, and stage C. In the stage B2 or C group, severity of MMVD was classified on the basis of the left atrium-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao; ≤ 2.0 vs > 2.0) and E-wave peak velocity (E max; ≤ 1.3 vs > 1.3 m/s). The ABGA was compared. RESULTS: Among the enrolled dogs, 22 (90 examinations) were assigned to the stage B2 and C groups and 14 (14 examinations) to the control group. None of the dogs were diagnosed with pulmonary edema. Tracheal collapse and bronchomalacia were observed in many dogs, regardless of the group. Compared with the control group (79 mm Hg; minimum to maximum, 61 to 95 mm Hg), Pao2 was significantly decreased in the stage B2 group (68 mm Hg; 39 to 100 mm Hg) and stage C group (63 mm Hg; 41 to 100 mm Hg). Dogs with E max > 1.3 m/s and LA:Ao > 2.0 (Pao2, 57 mm Hg; 39 to 84 mm Hg) had lower Pao2 than those with E max < 1.3 m/s and LA:Ao < 2.0 (Pao2, 67 mm Hg; 51 to 100 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that dogs with stage B2 or C MMVD and concurrent respiratory disease exhibited hypoxemia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ABGA is suitable for detecting hypoxemia that cannot be assessed by thoracic radiography; combined with echocardiography, it may contribute to the assessment of MMVD severity.
Placement of stay sutures in the preputial fold as a novel urethral catheterization technique to relieve male feline urethral obstruction.
Locke AR, Harkin KR, Zito JA … +2 more , Durbin SN, Weber A
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jun · PMID 41740266 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare speed and success of performance of a novel versus conventional technique for male feline urethral catheterization by clinical-year veterinary students and novice veterinarians. METHODS: In a prospe...
OBJECTIVE: To compare speed and success of performance of a novel versus conventional technique for male feline urethral catheterization by clinical-year veterinary students and novice veterinarians. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized study between October 2024 and March 2025, client-owned male cats presenting to a university teaching hospital with urethral obstruction had a urinary catheter placed by way of either a conventional technique or a novel technique by clinical-year veterinary students or novice veterinarians ("operators") with no prior feline urethral catheterization experience. Operators were timed from the point of preputial retraction to the appearance of urine within the catheter and given 30 minutes to perform the procedure. RESULTS: The mean time for urinary catheter placement was 14.6 minutes for cats in the conventional technique group (n = 10 cats) and 9.5 minutes for those in the novel technique group (10 cats). This difference was not statistically significant. Within the allotted time frame, 70% (7 of 10) of the cats in the conventional technique group and 100% (10 of 10) of cats in the novel technique group were successfully catheterized. Cats unsuccessfully catheterized in the conventional technique group weighed significantly more than those that were successfully catheterized by this method. CONCLUSIONS: The novel technique was readily learned and performed by inexperienced students and veterinarians. The novel technique did not add additional time to the unblocking procedure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The novel technique could easily be performed by novice veterinarians in the emergency setting and resulted in successful catheterization of obese cats.
Ultrasonography accurately detects equine cervical articular process joint effusion with comparable performance to computed tomography.
McCosh KK, Selberg KT, Platt LA … +1 more , Seabaugh KA
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41740262 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare effusion scores obtained via ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in equine cervical articular process joints (CAPJs). METHODS: Cadaveric cervical specimens (skull through C7) from 6 horses...
OBJECTIVE: To compare effusion scores obtained via ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in equine cervical articular process joints (CAPJs). METHODS: Cadaveric cervical specimens (skull through C7) from 6 horses were used. One specimen was used to establish maximal joint distension volume. In the main study phase, 50 CAPJs were randomly assigned to receive 0, 2, or 4 mL of positive contrast solution. The CAPJs were imaged via US and CT before and after injection. Effusion was subjectively graded on a scale of 0 to 4 for both modalities. Statistical analyses compared pre- and post-injection effusion scores across cervical sites, injection volumes, and imaging techniques. RESULTS: Pre-injection effusion scores did not differ between US and CT. Post-injection effusion scores significantly increased at the C2-C3, C3-C4, and C5-C6 sites (P ≤ .01) for both modalities. At C6-C7, CT showed a significant increase in score compared to US (P < .001). Volume-dependent effects were significant at C4-C5 for both modalities and at C6-C7 for CT only. Extravasation occurred in 39 of 50 CAPJs following injection. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography accurately detected effusion within equine CAPJs, yielding comparable scores to CT across most cervical sites and injection volumes. Computed tomography demonstrated greater sensitivity at caudal cervical levels and more readily identified volume-dependent change. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: US represents an easy, accessible tool for identifying CAPJ effusion in horses. While CT remains more effective in the caudal cervical region, US offers a reliable first-line approach for detecting effusion and therefore guiding therapeutic interventions.
Increased mortality with sudden deaths in a wean-to-finish swine farm.
Ustulin M, De Zan G, Foiani G … +3 more , Tagliente D, Ghiriti AC, Vio D
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41740257 · Publisher ↗
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Acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus.
Suarez-Rodriguez JI, Lourenço BN, Huang JHC … +2 more , Brainard BM, Schmiedt CW
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41740251 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), identify risk factors associated with AKI diagnosed at presentation or that developed in hospital, an...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), identify risk factors associated with AKI diagnosed at presentation or that developed in hospital, and evaluate the association between AKI and selected nonrenal risk factors and mortality before discharge. METHODS: Medical records of 106 dogs that underwent surgical correction of GDV between January 2013 and September 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were categorized as presenting with or developing AKI in hospital, according to International Renal Interest Society criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between selected risk factors and AKI or mortality. RESULTS: In total, 20 of 106 dogs (18.9%) had AKI, with 18 of 106 dogs (17.0%) presenting with it. Sixteen dogs (15.1%) did not survive to discharge, of which 8 and 9 had AKI on presentation and at any time point, respectively. Dogs with AKI on presentation (OR, 7.90) or at any time point (OR, 9.23) had greater odds of not surviving to discharge. On multivariate analysis, preoperative lactate (OR, 1.13 for every 0.5 mmol/L higher) was significantly associated with presenting with AKI, and lowest mean arterial blood pressure during anesthesia (OR, 0.42 for every 10 mm Hg higher) and hetastarch infusion (OR, 4.00) were significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: AKI, lowest mean arterial blood pressure during anesthesia, and hetastarch administration were associated with mortality in dogs with GDV. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Careful assessment of kidney function is recommended in dogs with GDV, as concurrent AKI is common and associated with outcome.
Complications are more commonly reported for French Bulldogs than Miniature Dachshunds undergoing hemilaminectomy for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion.
Skovola E, De Decker S
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41719712 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the nature and frequency of complications between French Bulldogs (FBDs) and Miniature Dachshunds (MDs) with thoracolumbar or lumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE). METHODS: This retrospective...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the nature and frequency of complications between French Bulldogs (FBDs) and Miniature Dachshunds (MDs) with thoracolumbar or lumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE). METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study included dogs diagnosed with thoracolumbar or lumbar IVDE between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023, with complete medical records. Dogs with a confirmed history of previous IVDE were excluded. Perioperative complications, length of hospitalization, and total cost of care were documented and compared between the 2 breeds. RESULTS: A total of 379 patients (211 FBDs, 168 MDs) were included in the study. Complications occurred in 50.2% (106 of 211) of FBDs and 13.1% (22 of 168) of MDs. Diarrhea was the most common complication for both breeds. Regurgitation and urinary tract infection commonly occurred in FBDs. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was only recorded in FBDs. Progressive myelomalacia was diagnosed in 3 FBDs and 4 MDs postoperatively. Corneal ulceration, surgical site infection, seroma, and aspiration pneumonia were rare complications reported in FBDs only. The median length of hospitalization was 5 days for both breeds. The median total cost of care was higher for FBDs. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found in the types and frequency of complications between FBDs and MDs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study highlighted both shared and breed-specific perioperative complications in 2 popular breeds commonly affected by IVDE and the related differences in cost of care. These findings support the importance of breed-specific preoperative counseling and perioperative planning, particularly for FBDs, in which more complications and higher costs were found.
Fever, respiratory distress, and sudden death in a 10-week-old Thoroughbred colt.
Badamo D, Lee J, Rademacher N … +2 more , Chapman A, Sasaki E
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Feb · PMID 41719701 · Publisher ↗
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Intravenous iodinated contrast media transiently increases urine specific gravity and pH without affecting other urinalysis parameters after computed tomography examination in dogs.
Barthe S, Dor C, Rault D … +3 more , Fritz J, Rannou B, Edery E
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41719700 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate influence of iopromide, a nonionic iodinated contrast medium for IV use, on urinalysis in dogs undergoing CT scanning, including urine specific gravity (USG), urine dipstick parameter...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate influence of iopromide, a nonionic iodinated contrast medium for IV use, on urinalysis in dogs undergoing CT scanning, including urine specific gravity (USG), urine dipstick parameters, urinary sediment, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR). METHODS: This prospective, 1-group pretest, post-test experimental study included 30 client-owned dogs undergoing CT between May 1 and July 31, 2024. Cystocentesis samples were collected immediately before and within 30 minutes after IV iodinated contrast medium (IVIC) administration and analyzed by the same laboratory. RESULTS: Following IVIC administration, median USG increased significantly from 1.046 (95% CI, 1.032 to 1.052) to 1.058 (95% CI, 1.044 to 1.068) and median urine pH increased significantly from 6.25 (range, 5 to 9) to 7 (range, 5 to 9). No significant changes were observed in other urine dipstick parameters, urinary sediment, or UPCR after IVIC administration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that IV iopromide transiently alters USG and pH in dogs, whereas other urinalysis parameters remain unaffected. Clinicians can rely on most urinalysis parameters, particularly proteinuria and sediment, to guide immediate clinical decisions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings provide practical guidance for accurate interpretation of urinalysis in dogs undergoing CT with contrast media. If USG or pH are critical for patient management, urinalysis should be performed before or on a different day than contrast administration.
How does canine atopic dermatitis provide a unique opportunity to study spectrum of care?
Gentry CM, Rey L, Teller C … +1 more , Teller L
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41719696 · Publisher ↗
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) provides opportunities to study spectrum of care (SOC) because it is a common, chronic, nonfatal disease often requiring owner-performed multimodal therapy. Canine atopic dermatitis's lifel...
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) provides opportunities to study spectrum of care (SOC) because it is a common, chronic, nonfatal disease often requiring owner-performed multimodal therapy. Canine atopic dermatitis's lifelong nature allows for investigation into SOC factors including financial limitations, client and patient compliance, owner and patient quality of life, and access to veterinarians. Literature addressing financial burden and compliance for cAD treatment is extremely limited. Research on quality of life of patients and owners with cAD has improved our understanding of owner perspectives. This article highlights SOC veterinary and medical research shaping cAD care and encourageds further investigation of this topic.
High fat, high risk? Evaluating the strength of evidence linking dietary fat and pancreatitis in dogs.
Yamka R, Sires R, Wakshlag J … +2 more , Gaylord L, Cridge H
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41707322 · Publisher ↗
Pancreatitis is the most frequently diagnosed disorder of the exocrine pancreas in dogs, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. Early and frequently cited studies suggest an association between high dietary fat and...
Pancreatitis is the most frequently diagnosed disorder of the exocrine pancreas in dogs, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. Early and frequently cited studies suggest an association between high dietary fat and onset of pancreatitis, leading to the long-standing recommendation to restrict dietary fat in affected dogs. However, these studies are limited by the use of experimental models, small sample sizes, variable diagnostic methods, failure to isolate fat-specific effects, and the use of diets that do not reflect current formulations. Anecdote also suggests that dogs can relapse or have persistently elevated pancreatic lipase concentrations despite strict adherence to a low- or ultralow-fat diet, indicating that fat restriction may not be the key to prevention of pancreatitis in all cases. In recent years, a small but growing body of work has revisited the relationship between dietary fat and pancreatitis. These studies have generally failed to confirm a consistent or straightforward association between dietary fat content and disease onset. This narrative review summarized the current literature on the role of dietary fat in canine pancreatitis, identified knowledge gaps, and outlined priorities for future research to advance our knowledge of this clinically important condition.
Swollen paw pads in a 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat.
Fultz RJ, Frank CB
J Am Vet Med Assoc · 2026 Jul · PMID 41707319 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
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