International Journal Of Psychology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Radical Ideas for Radical Self-Importance? Exploring the Links Between Narcissism, Extreme Political Views, and Negative Attitudes Towards Political Opponents.
Adamczyk D, Karakula A, Maison D … +2 more , Molenda Z, Marchlewska M
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42402794 · Publisher ↗
In three studies (Study 1; UK, N = 402; Study 2; US, N = 511; Study 3; Poland, N = 1143), we examined links between narcissism and extreme left- and right-wing political views. Across studies, grandiose narcissism consis...
In three studies (Study 1; UK, N = 402; Study 2; US, N = 511; Study 3; Poland, N = 1143), we examined links between narcissism and extreme left- and right-wing political views. Across studies, grandiose narcissism consistently predicted stronger support for political extremes. Study 1 showed that grandiose (but not vulnerable) narcissism was linked to support for extreme right-wing views, while Study 2 and 3 that grandiose narcissism was linked to support for right-wing and left-wing political views. In Studies 2 and 3, we found that grandiose narcissism was associated with greater support for extreme political views, which, in turn, was associated with more negative attitudes towards political out-group members. The results indicate that grandiose narcissists do not prefer one extreme; they are drawn to extreme views.
Mediating Effect of Perseverative Coping on the Association Between Self-Compassion and Depressive Symptoms in College Students: A Longitudinal Study.
Kato T
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42402443 · Publisher ↗
Perseverative coping refers to the continued use of an ineffective strategy or reimplementation of a strategy that had been abandoned. Self-compassion refers to being supportive of oneself when experiencing suffering. Ho...
Perseverative coping refers to the continued use of an ineffective strategy or reimplementation of a strategy that had been abandoned. Self-compassion refers to being supportive of oneself when experiencing suffering. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the association between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. In stress research, self-compassion can be regarded as a coping resource that influences coping strategy selection, while coping affects depressive symptoms (i.e., stress response). This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that perseverative coping mediates the relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. The participants were 303 Japanese college students who completed questionnaires on self-compassion, perseverative coping and depressive symptoms. Eight months later, they completed a questionnaire exclusively on depressive symptoms. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed that higher levels of perseverative coping mediated the association between lower levels of self-compassion and greater depressive symptoms. This result was consistent with the predictions of a typical psychological stress model (i.e., transactional stress model). Our findings suggest that the stress model contributes to our understanding of the role of higher levels of self-compassion in decreasing depressive symptoms.
Cybernetic Dynamics of Autistic Traits: A Temporal Network Analysis Approach to Plasticity, Stability, and Future-Oriented Adaptations.
Zhao X, Ma S, Xu X … +4 more , He X, He H, Li J, Shi W
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42399210 · Publisher ↗
Built upon the core tenets of Cybernetic Big Five Theory, the present research explores how Autistic Traits operate dynamically within a unified network encompassing personality meta-traits (Plasticity and Stability) and...
Built upon the core tenets of Cybernetic Big Five Theory, the present research explores how Autistic Traits operate dynamically within a unified network encompassing personality meta-traits (Plasticity and Stability) and multiple facets of prospective cognition. Based on three-wave longitudinal data of 570 non-clinical young adults, temporal network analysis was implemented to model cross-domain temporal interplay. Results revealed an interconnected system: Social Camouflaging negatively predicted subsequent Social Autistic Traits and formed mutually reinforcing bidirectional pathways with Future Imagination. Far-Target Orientation buffered Cognitive Rigidity but induced a notable "paradox of planning", as it concurrently suppressed Future Action Agency and Purpose Consciousness. Future Action Agency exerted positive prospective effects on later Purpose Consciousness, and Future Imagination maintained reciprocal positive temporal associations with Purpose Consciousness. Stability exhibited dual concurrent outcomes: it boosted Future Imagination while simultaneously increasing Rigidity. These findings provide the first within-person evidence that Autistic Traits develop dynamically through interactive processes across personality and future cognition. Practically, supportive strategies should strengthen Future Action Agency and Purpose Consciousness, redirect Future Imagination toward functional planning, and apply Far-Target Orientation to alleviate Rigidity while safeguarding present agency.
Trends in PTSD Among IDF Soldiers in Combat Over the Years: A Representative Cohort Study.
Bechor U, Shacham M, Kedem R … +2 more , Rotschield J, Shelef L
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42381283 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to analyse trends in PTSD over time among combat veterans who participated in war or major military operations. This retrospective cohort study included 4376 veterans (4027 males; 97.9%) of the Israel Def...
This study aims to analyse trends in PTSD over time among combat veterans who participated in war or major military operations. This retrospective cohort study included 4376 veterans (4027 males; 97.9%) of the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) who sought assistance from the army's Combat Stress Reactions Unit (CSRU) between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2024. Background and service data were obtained from CSRU electronic records, along with PTSD self-report questionnaires (PTSD Checklist [PCL-5]). We found PTSD levels lowest during two specific periods of major warfare: 2014 (average score 38.9, SD = 20.15) and 2024 (average score 36.8, SD = 18.13). Conversely, between 2015 and October 2023, years with intermittent lower-intensity military operations, levels were higher, ranging from 43.0 (SD = 18.59) to 50.1 (SD = 17.72). Data analysis also highlights a significant increase in applications to the CSRU from 2014 onward. This continued in 2024, with 703 soldiers (16.1% of sample) applying to the unit-the highest number in a single year. PTSD levels were neither higher nor consistent in times of intense warfare. The relatively low levels of PTSD recorded during these times suggest complex factors influence PTSD development, beyond time since exposure to traumatic events.
Paternal and Maternal Collectivistic Orientations and Preschoolers' Prosocial Behaviour in Chinese Families: The Mediating Role of Authoritative Parenting.
Wang J, Yan W, Bo L … +3 more , Chen X, Yuan K, Li Y
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42374971 · Publisher ↗
Understanding the relations and mechanisms between parental cultural orientations and preschoolers' prosocial behaviour is crucial for helping parents to engage in effective interactions with children during the preschoo...
Understanding the relations and mechanisms between parental cultural orientations and preschoolers' prosocial behaviour is crucial for helping parents to engage in effective interactions with children during the preschool period. This study explored the relations between parental collectivistic values, authoritative parenting, and the prosocial behaviour of preschool children (M at Time 1 = 53.28 months, SD = 10.10; 52.60% boys) in a sample of 787 families in Shanghai, China. Parental collectivistic values and authoritative parenting were assessed by fathers and mothers at Time 1, whereas children's prosocial behaviour was reported by mothers at both Time 1 and Time 2. The results showed that maternal collectivistic orientation was positively related to children's prosocial behaviour at Time 2 (controlling for Time 1), with authoritative parenting playing a mediating role. Although paternal collectivistic orientation showed no direct relation to children's prosocial behaviour at Time 2, it was positively associated with authoritative parenting of both fathers and mothers, which in turn were related to more prosocial behaviour in children. The results indicate how fathers and mothers might play different roles in preschool children's social adjustment, offering a new perspective on the process of family socialisation.
Strong-Ties and Weak-Ties Rationalities: Predicting Public Stigma, Support Networks, and Health Behaviours During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Four Societies.
Ting RS, Terpstra-Tong J, Hta MKZ … +5 more , Xie ZY, Chen YF, Bond MH, Yeh KH, Sundararajan L
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42334051 · Full text
In this study, we test the theory of strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities (STWTR) (Sundararajan 2020) and the criterion validity of its measures using strong-ties rationality and weak-ties rationality scales to predic...
In this study, we test the theory of strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities (STWTR) (Sundararajan 2020) and the criterion validity of its measures using strong-ties rationality and weak-ties rationality scales to predict COVID-19 related perceptions and behaviours. These include public stigma, help-seeking networks, and health behaviours across four societies (Han-Chinese, Chinese-Malaysians, Malay-Malaysians, and White-Australians, n = 918). The standardized coefficient results indicate that strong-ties rationality, compared with weak-ties rationality, has a stronger positive association with public stigma, help-seeking from strong ties, and personal care behaviours. In contrast, weak-ties rationality, compared with strong-ties rationality, has a stronger positive association with public health behaviours. Between the Han-Chinese and White-Australians samples, the impact of strong-ties rationality on public stigma is weaker among the Han Chinese, while the impact of weak-ties rationality on public health behaviour is stronger among the White Australians. We attribute our nuanced analysis of these results to the explanatory power of STWTR theory, which decomposes culture into three units of analysis-rationality, ecological niche, and behaviour, enabling an examination of the match or mismatch among these cultural components characterizing any society. Indigenous features of a cultural system can then be more fully represented in cross-cultural psychological research.
Overestimating the Prevalence of Vegans, Vegetarians and Reducetarians Reflects Basic Psychological Biases in Estimating Proportions.
Nezlek JB
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42328735 · Full text
In two studies, people estimated the percent of vegans, vegetarians, those following a reduced meat diet and omnivores for specific populations. In a study of Polish adults (n = 1038), participants provided estimates of...
In two studies, people estimated the percent of vegans, vegetarians, those following a reduced meat diet and omnivores for specific populations. In a study of Polish adults (n = 1038), participants provided estimates of the diets of Poles and of residents of the US. In a US student sample (n = 2538), participants provided estimates of the diets of their fellow students and of the US population. With a few exceptions, participants overestimated the sizes of dietary minorities (vegans, vegetarians, and reducetarians) and underestimated size of the dietary majority (omnivores). Moreover, these under- and overestimates did not vary systematically as a function of participant diet or vegetarian threat. Although women's estimates of the size of dietary minorities were larger than men's and women's estimates of the size of the omnivorous majority were smaller than men's, both men and women overestimated the percent of dietary minorities and underestimated the percent of omnivores. These misestimates reflect the operation of a general cognitive bias called 'Uncertainty-Based Rescaling', that has been found to explain why people consistently underestimate the sizes of majorities and overestimate the sizes of minorities without the need to infer the operation of biases due to similarity, threat and so forth.
Values and Trust: Multilevel Analyses of the Relationship of Basic Values With General and Institutional Trust in Europe.
Tatarko A, Dragolov G, Boehnke K
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42324220 · Publisher ↗
Existing research has not systematically examined how basic human values relate to different forms of trust, namely generalised interpersonal and institutional trust, at both the societal and individual levels. This stud...
Existing research has not systematically examined how basic human values relate to different forms of trust, namely generalised interpersonal and institutional trust, at both the societal and individual levels. This study addresses the question: How do Openness to Change, Self-Transcendence, Conservation, and Self-Enhancement values relate to trust (generalised and institutional) at the macro and micro levels? Using data from Round 10 of the European Social Survey covering 22 European countries, we investigate these associations via a multilevel regression analysis. Our findings provide three key contributions. The first contribution of our research is that generalised and institutional trust are associated with distinct value preferences at the individual level. The second contribution is the opposing effect of conservation values on institutional trust across the societal and individual levels. Whereas the individual endorsement of conservation values is positively associated with institutional trust, in countries with a higher average endorsement of conservation values, institutional trust is lower. Third, at the country level, values have no impact on generalised or institutional trust, except for conservation values, which may hinder the growth of both types of trust. At the individual level, however, values play a crucial role for both types of trust, yet in different constellations.
The Effect of Sex and Gender-Role on Social Attention: Investigating the Association With Social Skills and Academic Preferences.
Chacón-Candia JA, Lupiáñez J, Casagrande M … +1 more , Marotta A
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42314764 · Full text
The literature has shown that both eye-gaze and arrow cues elicit quantitatively similar attentional orienting effects. Nonetheless, a qualitative dissociation between the orienting of attention triggered by these two ty...
The literature has shown that both eye-gaze and arrow cues elicit quantitatively similar attentional orienting effects. Nonetheless, a qualitative dissociation between the orienting of attention triggered by these two types of stimuli has been observed under specific methodological conditions. It has been found that, while eye-gaze retains attention at the specific looked-at location, with arrows attention is spread towards broader parts of the environment. However, to date, it remains unclear whether this dissociation may be directly related to individual differences in personal attributes typically associated with higher or lower social skills. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the orienting effects of eye-gaze and arrow cues differ among observers based on their sex, gender-role, academic background and/or social skills. To ensure transparency, the hypotheses and analysis plan for this research were pre-registered. The results showed that although the anticipated arrow-gaze dissociation and the expected relationships among the measured personal attributes were observed, they did not correlate. However, additional analyses revealed a selective association between gaze-driven attentional effects and autistic traits. Overall, these findings suggest that, under the present methodological approach, differences between eye-gaze and arrow orienting effects are not uniformly linked to individual differences in social cognition.
Does Compassion Always Lead to Forgiveness? Impact of the Mechanism of Compassion Before Service Failure on Consumer Forgiveness.
Zhang Y, Jiang X
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42309699 · Publisher ↗
There are few studies involving the mechanism of the emotions that consumers experience before a service failure on their willingness to forgive. This research intends to explore the effect of two different types of comp...
There are few studies involving the mechanism of the emotions that consumers experience before a service failure on their willingness to forgive. This research intends to explore the effect of two different types of compassion on the willingness to forgive under uncontrollable and controllable service failure, examine the mediating role of empathy and the moderating role of the type of service failure. This research designed two experiments. Experiment 1 involved 450 voluntary participants and adopted a between-group design (spontaneous compassion vs. neutral emotions) × (controllable service failure vs. uncontrollable service failure). Experiment 2 involved 431 voluntary participants and used a between-subject experimental design (merchant-induced compassion vs. neutral emotions) × (controllable service failure vs. uncontrollable service failure). Results demonstrated that consumers with spontaneous compassion still "treat others as themselves" and showed a higher willingness to forgive. However, the compassion induced by merchants is a "double-edged sword", which will have positive and negative effects on consumers' willingness to forgive under uncontrollable and controllable service failure situations. This research deepens the research on the impact of compassion as a self-transcendent emotion on consumer forgiveness and provides empirical support for the transformation of service recovery from "after-the-fact recovery" to "pre-intervention".
Inhibitory Effects of Imagery on Perceptual Interference and Forgetting in the Enactment Effect.
Ma J, Lu L, Li Y
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42269698 · Publisher ↗
This study reveals that imagery plays a key role in facilitating the production of action memory. However, memory processes are often accompanied by various types of interference. Whether imagery can effectively inhibit...
This study reveals that imagery plays a key role in facilitating the production of action memory. However, memory processes are often accompanied by various types of interference. Whether imagery can effectively inhibit multiple forms of interference in the encoding and retrieval stages and thus facilitate the enactment effect is unclear. The present study is aimed at addressing this issue. In experiment 1, the inhibitory effect of imagery on irrelevant perceptual interference in the encoding stage was explored under visual, motor, and visual + motor interference conditions. The results revealed that the enactment effect decreased in both the visual and motor interference conditions but disappeared only in the visual + motor interference condition, which confirms that imagery encoding in action memory formation has a certain inhibitory effect on irrelevant perceptual interference. In experiment 2, the inhibitory effect of imagery encoding on the forgetting of action memory was explored using a directed forgetting paradigm. The results revealed that in contrast to the verbal encoding condition, the directed forgetting effect disappeared in the imagery encoding condition, suggesting that imagery encoding has an inhibitory effect on forgetting. These results confirm that imagery encoding has certain inhibitory effects on irrelevant perceptual interference and forgetting.
Diverging Paths to Well-Being: A Cross-National Hierarchical Analysis of Islamic Work Ethic Among Working Muslims.
Zafar MB, Ali AJ, Abu-Hussin MF
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42264453 · Publisher ↗
This study examines how Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) relates to well-being among working Muslims, emphasizing the roles of socio-economic, cultural, and demographic conditions rather than assuming uniform benefits. Using hie...
This study examines how Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) relates to well-being among working Muslims, emphasizing the roles of socio-economic, cultural, and demographic conditions rather than assuming uniform benefits. Using hierarchical mixed-effects models on 13,561 employed Muslims in 46 countries from the 7th Wave of the World Values Survey (2017-2022), we analyse IWE in relation to five facets of well-being: happiness, subjective health, freedom of choice and control, life satisfaction, and financial satisfaction. The results show that IWE is positively associated with overall well-being and with each facet, with stronger links for subjective health and perceived freedom of choice and control, and more modest associations for happiness and life satisfaction. Subgroup analyses indicate that the IWE-well-being association is statistically robust in Muslim-majority countries but weaker and not significant in non-Muslim-majority contexts, consistent with a cultural fit interpretation. Across income, gender, and marital-status groups, the association between IWE and well-being remains positive, although its magnitude varies. The study situates IWE within a multidimensional well-being framework, shows that its benefits are generally favourable but modest and context dependent, and highlights the importance of aligning organizational and policy initiatives with both Islamic work values and structural conditions that support health, agency, and financial security.
Effects of Personality Profiles on Career Development: The Case of Hong Kong Young Adults.
Liu Y, Wong CS, Lan J … +2 more , Mao Y, Peng KZ
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42263784 · Publisher ↗
Studies in western countries have adopted the person-centred approach to study personality (i.e., combinations of various personality traits). Among young adults, three typical profiles are found: resilients, who are sel...
Studies in western countries have adopted the person-centred approach to study personality (i.e., combinations of various personality traits). Among young adults, three typical profiles are found: resilients, who are self-confident, self-directed and emotionally stable; undercontrollers, who are stubborn, impulsive and disobedient; overcontrollers, who are sensitive, introverted and dependable. However, relatively few studies on young adults in contexts out of western countries were conducted using this approach. Drawing on career development theory and research on personality profiles, we develop hypotheses about the associations of resilients with some career-related outcomes among Hong Kong young adults at their career developmental stage. As resilients are flexible about external demands from their lives and career development, the profile of resilience would associate with emotional intelligence, employment status and life satisfaction. We test these hypotheses using two independent samples (n = 4955, average age of 20.08 and standard deviation of 3.62; n = 396, university freshmen at age 19 or 20) in Hong Kong. Data on these two samples were separately analysed with latent profile analysis. The results support the proposed hypotheses about resilents. Different from overcontrollers and undercontrollers found in western countries, the fragile, neurotic and conservative also emerged. The importance of contexts in studying personality profiles is discussed.
Through the Cultural Prism: The Influence of a Distinctive Chinese Personality-Junzi Personality-On Psychosocial Adjustment in China.
Zhao B, Liu C, Muhetaer P … +1 more , Hu P
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42259591 · Full text
Grounded in a Chinese indigenous cultural perspective, this study examines how Junzi personality-a culturally grounded personality construct rooted in Confucian philosophy-relates to the psychosocial adjustment of Chines...
Grounded in a Chinese indigenous cultural perspective, this study examines how Junzi personality-a culturally grounded personality construct rooted in Confucian philosophy-relates to the psychosocial adjustment of Chinese individuals. It further examines the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of cultural confidence. Three substudies collected data from 2259 Chinese participants. Study 1 used longitudinal data (n = 205) to examine the effects of Junzi personality on psychosocial adjustment as both a state and a process. Study 2 employed cross-sectional data (n = 1589) to examine whether the associations among Junzi personality, self-control and psychosocial adjustment were consistent with the proposed pathway. Study 3 used longitudinal data (n = 465) to validate the overall model and examine the moderating effect of cultural confidence. The results show that Junzi personality is associated with better psychosocial adjustment; longitudinal evidence further supports the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of cultural confidence. These findings highlight Junzi personality as a culturally grounded resource for psychosocial adjustment and clarify a multilevel pathway from culture to individual adjustment. By integrating contemporary psychological theories with Eastern Confucian thought, this study offers an indigenous cultural perspective for future research on personality and adjustment.
Rasch Analysis and Interval-Level Scaling of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Across Cultures.
Adu P
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42259552 · Full text
Affective state investigation requires precise measurement that satisfies parametric statistical assumptions for reliable and valid cross-data comparisons. The psychometric properties of the 20-item Positive and Negative...
Affective state investigation requires precise measurement that satisfies parametric statistical assumptions for reliable and valid cross-data comparisons. The psychometric properties of the 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) are satisfactory, but provide scores on an ordinal scale, which could be unsuitable for parametric statistics. The present study employed the Rasch model to assess the psychometric statistics of the PANAS, enhancing the scale's precision using community samples from four countries. I analysed responses from a randomly selected sample of 1000 individuals (250 from each country) out of a total sample of 1822 recruited from Germany (475), Ghana (523), India (411), and New Zealand (413). The analyses indicated that both the positive affect and negative affect subscales demonstrated satisfactory model fit after applying the testlet creation approach. Each subscale reflected a clear, single underlying construct with strong reliability and structural validity. Both scales also functioned equivalently across demographic groups, suggesting that the items measured affective states consistently, regardless of participants' sociodemographic backgrounds. The scales further exhibited strong convergent and discriminant validity. The study developed an algorithm to convert ordinal scores to interval data, enhancing precision and validity in parametric analyses.
What You Have Determines What You Want to Feel: The Influence of Social Class on Ideal Affect.
Xie H, Mo W, Li C … +1 more , Wei Q
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42231036 · Publisher ↗
Ideal affect reflects the emotional states which an individual desires to experience. Although existing research has highlighted the influence of cultural values on ideal affect, few studies have explored individual fact...
Ideal affect reflects the emotional states which an individual desires to experience. Although existing research has highlighted the influence of cultural values on ideal affect, few studies have explored individual factors such as social class as antecedents of ideal affect. Study 1 (N = 335) used structural equation modelling to test a mediation model, while Study 2 (N = 200) experimentally manipulated participants' subjective social class. The results revealed that upper-class individuals valued ideal high-arousal positive affect (HAP) more and ideal low-arousal positive affect (LAP) less than lower-class individuals did. These findings establish social class as a key antecedent of ideal affect and suggest that daily emotional experiences play a mediating role and have practical implications for understanding how affective biases might arise in crucial cross-class interactions.
Correction to 'The Mechanism of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviour on Employees' Work-Family Enrichment and Conflict: A Flexibility Resource Perspective'.
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42219526 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Parental Rejection Predicts Greater Impairments in Recognition of Facially Expressed Emotions Among Substance Users Than Nonusers.
Butt MM, Rohner RP, Wagstaff C … +1 more , Malik F
Int J Psychol · 2026 Aug · PMID 42168792 · Publisher ↗
This study examined the long-term effects of parental rejection in childhood on the ability of men with and without substance use disorder (SUD) to recognise facially expressed emotions. A sample of 700 men (350 with SUD...
This study examined the long-term effects of parental rejection in childhood on the ability of men with and without substance use disorder (SUD) to recognise facially expressed emotions. A sample of 700 men (350 with SUD, 350 nonusers) completed the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire to assess memories of parental rejection in childhood and the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire to measure psychological maladjustment. The ability to recognise facially expressed emotions was evaluated using a computerised task identifying six basic emotions. Results showed that men with SUD reported significantly higher levels of maternal and paternal rejection in childhood compared to nonusers. They also exhibited greater psychological maladjustment and impaired recognition of facially expressed emotions. Notably, parental rejection in childhood predicted difficulties in identifying negative facially expressed emotions such as anger and sadness in both groups. These findings highlight the lasting impact of adverse parenting on social-emotional skills, particularly among individuals with SUD. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve emotion recognition and social functioning in this population, offering potential pathways for more effective therapeutic strategies.
Reputation or Norms? Unravelling the Mechanisms of Eye Cues in Promoting Social Mindfulness.
Lei H, Zhang S, Chen Z … +4 more , Huang W, Zheng Y, Dou K, Huang L
Int J Psychol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42132239 · Publisher ↗
Eye cues have been shown to promote prosocial behaviours, yet their impact on social mindfulness and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study conducted two experiments using an adapted Social Mindfulness para...
Eye cues have been shown to promote prosocial behaviours, yet their impact on social mindfulness and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study conducted two experiments using an adapted Social Mindfulness paradigm to investigate the effects of various eye cues on social mindfulness, focusing on reputation management and norm compliance. Experiment 1 compared the effects of eye cues, flowers, and a no-cue condition on social mindfulness behaviours. Experiment 2 further examined the differential effects of direct gaze, closed eyes, and flowers, while assessing both reputation and norm mechanisms. Results indicated that only direct gaze enhanced social mindfulness, while closed eyes had no effect. Eye cues increased the frequency of social mindfulness choices but did not affect the initial decision to engage in such behaviours. These findings suggested that the 'watching eyes effect' in social mindfulness reinforced rather than initiated such decisions. Additionally, reputation concern may represent a more fragile mechanism underlying the effect of eye cues in social mindfulness, whereas perceived social norms positively correlated with social mindfulness behaviours. This study underscores the role of eye cues in shaping social mindfulness and emphasises the significance of the norm mechanism, providing a theoretical foundation for fostering social mindfulness in interpersonal interactions.
Disentangling Climate Worry and Psychological Distress: Data From the UK Household Longitudinal Study.
Helminen V, Jokela M, Elovainio M
Int J Psychol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42086232 · Full text
Anxiety and worry about climate change have been associated with poorer mental health. We examined whether different climate beliefs, the cognitive component of climate anxiety, were associated with symptoms of psycholog...
Anxiety and worry about climate change have been associated with poorer mental health. We examined whether different climate beliefs, the cognitive component of climate anxiety, were associated with symptoms of psychological distress. We also tested whether political efficacy moderated the potential associations between climate beliefs and psychological distress, as perceptions of inadequate government response may amplify climate anxiety. We applied longitudinal data and cross-lagged panel network models in the UK Household Longitudinal Study (N = 34,318). Our results showed that (1) the association between climate beliefs and psychological distress was bidirectional, (2) belief in responsibility was most clearly associated with increased distress while associations between belief in inevitability and the distress symptoms were more mixed, and (3) those who perceived that individuals can affect political decisions seemed to be most vulnerable to the negative effects of the climate crisis on mental health.
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