Journal Of Obesity[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Genomic Exploration of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights From Gene Expression and Variation in Morbidly Obese Individuals.
Rafaa TA, Khudhair SA, Mohammed ZY … +1 more , Suleiman AA
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 40365443 · Full text
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver condition resulting from metabolic syndrome characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. It is often associated with obesity and diabetes, contributing to hep...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver condition resulting from metabolic syndrome characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. It is often associated with obesity and diabetes, contributing to hepatic steatosis in liver cells. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally, with 32% of the adult population affected. Genetic modifiers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, can increase susceptibility to the disease. Gene expression analysis and genetic variation can help identify disease-causing pathways and reveal biomarkers involved in NAFLD. This study employed integrative bioinformatics analysis, including bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq, to explore differentially expressed genes and their genetic variants in NAFLD vs. control and NAFLD vs. cirrhosis, highlighting genes influencing NAFLD progression. Moreover, this study identified and implicated in metabolic, immune, and lipid functions while being overexpressed in both hepatocyte cells among obese patients identified and validated through Liver Cell Atlas, highlighting their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease in obese patients through perturbed hepatocytes. Furthermore, novel pathogenic variants of and , associated with congenital bile acid synthesis defects, abnormal circulating lipid concentrations, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency conditions, were identified. Conclusively, this integrative multiomics study highlights the novel pathogenic variants of , , and in metabolic, immune, and lipid pathways that are highly expressed among hepatocytes in obese patients while possibly carrying pathogenic mutations that may be associated with NAFLD, emphasizing their potential as novel targets for therapeutic strategies and biomarker development in early diagnosis and treatment before the onset of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
A Complex Network of Obesity-Risk Genes Revealed by Systematic Bioinformatics and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses.
Liu Y, Yuan H, Hu J … +4 more , Xu X, Yin S, Hu Y, Liu F
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 40201036 · Full text
The development of obesity is closely linked to genetic factors. Despite the identification of numerous genes associated with an increased risk of obesity in humans, a comprehensive understanding of their biological role...
The development of obesity is closely linked to genetic factors. Despite the identification of numerous genes associated with an increased risk of obesity in humans, a comprehensive understanding of their biological roles has not been achieved. In our extensive bioinformatics study, we identified 802 core genes implicated in obesity. Our protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that these genes form a tightly connected functional network primarily involved in neurological and metabolic regulatory processes. Moreover, our in-depth analysis of single-cell transcriptomic datasets from the human hypothalamus, pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, and liver has shed light on the distinct expression profiles of these obesity-linked genes across various tissue and cell types. This analysis also highlighted the biological processes they influence and the upstream transcriptional regulatory networks involved. Our study not only uncovers the complicated regulatory role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis and progression of obesity but also establishes a close link between the expression patterns and functional roles of these obesity-associated genes. This study provides crucial insights for advancing our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying obesity.
Laparoscopic One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass as a Revisional Procedure After Failed Vertical Banded Gastroplasty: Our Center Experience.
Elghadban H, Shoma A, Abdallah E … +6 more , Negm A, Abdullah E, Hamed H, Ghareeb S, Lotfy A, Taki-Eldin A
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 40196444 · Full text
Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) was historically a popular restrictive bariatric procedure, but long-term failure rates due to weight regain, stenosis, and gastroesophageal reflux have necessitated revisional interven...
Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) was historically a popular restrictive bariatric procedure, but long-term failure rates due to weight regain, stenosis, and gastroesophageal reflux have necessitated revisional interventions. One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), also known as mini-gastric bypass, has emerged as a viable revisional option due to its technical simplicity, lower complication rates, and promising metabolic outcomes. This study evaluates the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of OAGB as a revisional procedure following failed VBG, based on our center's experience and a review of the current literature. Seventy-one patients who underwent revisional OAGB after failed open VBG between February 2014 and February 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Three years outcomes regarding weight loss (the percentage of excess body weight loss (EBWL %) and change in body mass index (BMI)), co-morbidities resolution, morbidity, and mortality were assessed. The EBWL % after revisional OAGB was 68.2 ± 9.4%, 65.9 ± 2.5%, and 59.6 ± 7.4% after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The mean BMI before revisional surgery was 41.8 ± 3.7 kg/m,which decreased to 31.9 ± 4.2 kg/m 3 years after the revisional surgery. After 1 year, there was a remarkable resolution of obesity-related co-morbidities, the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 85.7%, and of hypertension was 80%. Remission of other comorbidities was also observed. Bile reflux was encountered in 6 cases (8.5%), two of them required surgical intervention. OAGB is a feasible and effective revisional procedure after failed open VBG. However, the risk of bile reflux should be considered to justify these findings; further prospective randomized controlled trials are required.
Comparative Analysis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From a Saudi Arabian Cohort.
Alali SA, Ghulam SA, Bukhamsin KA … +8 more , Nas KA, Alhashim A, AlMoaber D, Al-Khalifah M, Almarzooq E, Alshaikh AHA, AlHowdar SM, Alhammad BA
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 40177219 · Full text
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication commonly seen in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but also affects Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To compare the clinical presentation, biochemical paramet...
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication commonly seen in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but also affects Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To compare the clinical presentation, biochemical parameters, and precipitating factors of DKA in adult patients with T1DM and T2DM. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, involving medical records of diabetic patients aged 14 years or older who attended the Diabetic Center from September 1, 2021, to August 1, 2022. Data collection included sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and management details using a standardized checklist. The study included 285 patients with DKA, aged 14-70 years (mean: 23.1 ± 11.5 years), with 52.5% being male. The most common symptoms were nausea (91.1%), abdominal pain (86.1%), vomiting (83.6%), polyuria/polydipsia (74.1%), and shortness of breath (72.4%). Vomiting and abdominal pain were more frequent in T1DM (85.9% and 88.3%) compared to T2DM (65.6% and 68.8%), =0.004 and 0.003, respectively, while dizziness was more common in T2DM (56.3% vs. 33.2%), =0.011. Uric acid and creatinine levels were significantly higher in T2DM, whereas hemoglobin and hematocrit were elevated in T1DM. Poor compliance was the most common precipitating factor (70.2%), followed by upper respiratory tract infection (21.1%) and inadequate treatment (15.6%). This study highlights key differences in DKA presentation between T1DM and T2DM. While symptoms such as nausea and abdominal pain were common in both types, vomiting was more frequent in T1DM and dizziness in T2DM. Biochemical markers such as uric acid and creatinine were elevated in T2DM, while hemoglobin and hematocrit were higher in T1DM. Poor compliance was a more common precipitating factor in T1DM, whereas inadequate treatment prevailed in T2DM. Tailored management approaches for each diabetes type may improve DKA outcomes.
Differences in Weight Loss Postsleeve Gastrectomy Among Patients With Various Types of Obesity Based on Waist-To-Hip Ratio Classification.
Luan P, Pan Y, Hu S … +1 more , Zhong M
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 40115939 · Full text
In recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become the main surgical procedure for weight loss, and most clinical studies have focused on the postoperative complications and treatment of metabolic syndrome...
In recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become the main surgical procedure for weight loss, and most clinical studies have focused on the postoperative complications and treatment of metabolic syndrome after LSG. However, it is not clear whether there is a difference in the postoperative weight loss effect between patients with central and noncentral obesity after LSG. To investigate the effect of LSG on weight loss in patients with central obesity and relationship between preoperative waist-hip ratio and weight loss effect. We conducted a retrospective study comprising 360 patients who underwent LSG at the Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, between 2019 and 2024. Based on the preoperative waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), the participants were divided into central and noncentral obesity groups, and various quantitative and preoperative biochemical indices were measured. Most patients were followed up for at least 6 months. There were significant differences in weight loss outcomes between women in the central and noncentral obesity groups in the first and third months after surgery; however, no significant differences were observed in the sixth and twelfth months. No significant differences were observed in weight loss outcomes between men in the central and noncentral obesity groups. There were significant differences in the development of central obesity between the two sexes and between those with and without type 2 diabetes. There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and white blood cell counts between women in the central and noncentral obesity groups, with patients with central obesity having higher BMI values and white blood cell counts before surgery. There were significant differences in the platelet count (PLT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels between men in the central and noncentral obesity groups, with patients with central obesity having lower PLT, higher GGT, HbA1c, and FPG levels. There was a significant correlation between WHR and early weight loss outcomes after surgery.
An Ethnobotanical Survey and Pharmacological and Toxicity Review of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Obesity in the North Central Zone of Nigeria.
Anyanwu GO, Anzaku D, Bulus YJ … +6 more , Girgi JN, Donwell CC, Ihuma JO, Onyeneke EC, Bermano G, Steenkamp V
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 40026359 · Full text
Obesity is increasing worldwide. Due to the unavailability of affordable obesity drugs in most parts of Nigeria, many overweight and obese people rely on medicinal plants to manage obesity. Thus, the aim of this study is...
Obesity is increasing worldwide. Due to the unavailability of affordable obesity drugs in most parts of Nigeria, many overweight and obese people rely on medicinal plants to manage obesity. Thus, the aim of this study is to document medicinal plants traditionally used in the treatment and management of obesity in the North Central Zone of Nigeria, determine the plants to which pharmacological assessment of their use in obesity management has not been reported, and assess their toxicity based on the literature. Semistructured questionnaires and interviews were used to assess sociodemographic information of the 700 herb sellers/practitioners (100 for each state) who consented to participate in the study. Information gathered on plants that are traditionally used in the management of obesity included administration/dosage, method of preparation, plant part used, method of growth, and plant type. The field study was conducted over a one-year period, from March 2018 to March 2019. Reports of pharmacological activity pertaining to obesity as well as toxicity of the plants were obtained from the literature via scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, AJOL, PubChem, and other web sources) after the field survey. A total of 39 families and 70 plant species were used to treat or manage obesity. The majority of plant species used resulted in the family Leguminosae. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) and percentage values for the five most frequently used plants were as follows: (0.0500; 3.56%), (0.0457; 3.26%), (0.0429; 3.05%), (0.0429; 3.05%), and (0.0414; 2.95%). The majority of the medications were prepared as decoctions (50.5%), and cultivated plants (62.86%) were in the majority of plants used. Results showed that 23 plants have no pharmacological report for antiobesity activities while among the five frequently used plants, only was reported toxic in preclinical models. This paper provides a valuable compilation of the plants used in obesity treatment in the study area by indigenous healers, highlights plants with no reported pharmacological activity pertaining to obesity, and indicates the toxicity profile of used plants. However, further studies on the mechanism of action are warranted, especially where no reports were obtained.
Differential Impacts of Prenatal Supplement Intake on Childhood Obesity Markers, Stratified by Gender and Other Prenatal Factors.
Batra M, Bekele Y, Halilagic A … +3 more , Manios Y, Moschonis G, Erbas B
J Obes · 2025 · PMID 39967838 · Full text
To assess the association between maternal iron, folic acid and combined iron-folic acid (IFA) oral supplementation during pregnancy and childhood obesity markers in 9- to 13-year-olds. Data from the 2007-2009 Healthy G...
To assess the association between maternal iron, folic acid and combined iron-folic acid (IFA) oral supplementation during pregnancy and childhood obesity markers in 9- to 13-year-olds. Data from the 2007-2009 Healthy Growth Study were analysed. The study assessed obesity markers, i.e., body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness and waist circumference. The research question was examined using generalised linear models stratified by the child's sex, maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational age. Folic acid and IFA supplements, but not iron alone, were significantly associated with lower waist circumference in all children (coef. -1.35, 95% CI: -2.47 to -0.23; coef. -1.01, 95% CI: -2.21 to -0.23, < 0.05). These associations were observed only in girls with lower BMI (coef. -0.88), skinfold thickness (coef. -4.92) and waist circumference (coef. -2.99) with folic acid and similar IFA effects. Interestingly, in boys born to obese mothers before pregnancy, a significant negative association was observed for folic acid alone with BMI (coef. -3.55) and waist circumference (coef. -7.09) and IFA for the sum of skinfold thickness (coef. -19.68). Maternal folic acid and IFA supplementation may contribute to a lower likelihood of childhood obesity, especially in girls and children of underweight or obese mothers, emphasising the importance of proper prenatal nutrition.
The Effect of Obesity and Pregnancy Weight Gain on Maternal and Child Health.
Gearhart R, Michieka NM, Sonchak-Ardan L … +1 more , Stutzman E
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39611036 · Full text
In this study, we estimate the effect of prepregnancy obesity and excessive pregnancy weight gain on infant and maternal health outcomes. We rely on a large sample of maternally linked restricted data from 2004 to 2019 S...
In this study, we estimate the effect of prepregnancy obesity and excessive pregnancy weight gain on infant and maternal health outcomes. We rely on a large sample of maternally linked restricted data from 2004 to 2019 South Carolina birth certificates, which allow us to track the same mothers during multiple pregnancies over a period of more than 15 years. To address possible limitations of previous research, we account for genetic confounders and unobservable maternal and environmental factors by relying on a maternal fixed effects strategy. We find that gaining above recommended amounts of weight increases the likelihood of delivering a high weight infant by 2.34 percentage points, while being obese increases this likelihood by 2.58 percentage points. These large negative effects of weight gain outside recommended ranges, as well as the effects of being obese, are present in White and Black mothers. Also, our results indicate that mothers who gained too much weight, or were obese, had a higher likelihood of cesarean section and higher likelihood of being induced. Finally, among the subsample of Medicaid mothers, excessive pregnancy weight gain as well as inadequate weight gain increased the likelihood of NICU admission.
Behavioral Determinants of Childhood Obesity in the United States: An Exploratory Study.
Palit S, Sufyani T, Inungu JN … +2 more , Cheng CI, Nartey E
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39583082 · Full text
Childhood obesity is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. Understanding these factors is crucial in developing effective interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to provide a...
Childhood obesity is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. Understanding these factors is crucial in developing effective interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to provide an update on factors related to childhood obesity in the United States. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) survey to assess factors associated with childhood obesity among US children aged 12 to 17 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with overweight and obesity. Data were analyzed using studio (4.3.2). A total of 12,836 respondents were enrolled in this study. Among them, the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity was found to be 17.66%, 11.21%, and 1.76%, respectively. Respondents with a BMI over 25 were mostly male (17.63%) and of White race (32.77%). The main sociodemographic factors associated with overweight and obesity were being 14 or 15 years old, male, non-White, having a history of alcohol or marijuana consumption, and not practicing physical activity. These findings can inform targeted interventions for prevention and management. This research sheds light on critical sociodemographic factors related to childhood obesity in the U.S., highlighting its complexity. The findings emphasize the influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and lifestyle behaviors, such as substance use and physical inactivity, on obesity rates among youth. These insights are crucial for developing targeted interventions. Addressing these factors offers a real chance to enhance future health outcomes, and underscoring the need for comprehensive strategies that include both health education and broader community support to instill healthy habits early on. In addition, unexpected results concerning vegetable consumption and the omission of genetic and familial data suggest areas for further research.
Association between Socioeconomic Position of the Family and Adolescent Obesity in Germany-Analysis of the Mediating Role of Familial Determinants.
Blume M, Schienkiewitz A, Wollgast L … +9 more , Hoffmann S, Sander L, Spallek J, Herr RM, Moor I, Pischke CR, Iashchenko I, Hövener C, Rattay P
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39534713 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Obesity's negative impact on young people's health has long been known. The family and its socioeconomic position (SEP) are key determinants in adolescent obesity. However, understanding which familial determ...
BACKGROUND: Obesity's negative impact on young people's health has long been known. The family and its socioeconomic position (SEP) are key determinants in adolescent obesity. However, understanding which familial determinants explain the association remains limited. METHOD: The analyses are based on data from the "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents" (KiGGS) (1,384 females and 1,332 males aged 11 to 17 years). Logistic regression models explored how familial determinants (family stress, family cohesion, parental smoking, parental sporting activity, and parental overweight) mediated the association between family SEP (parental education, occupational status, and household income) and adolescent obesity. RESULTS: Significant total effects for the associations between family SEP in childhood and adolescent obesity were found. Splitting the total effect of the family SEP on obesity into direct and indirect effects, all direct effects turned out to be significant. However, all associations involved also indirect effects of familial determinants, except for household income for female adolescents. Parental smoking and overweight were the most relevant mediators for males and females. For male adolescents, parental sporting activity additionally mediated the association between SEP and obesity. CONCLUSION: A low SEP in childhood was associated with adolescent obesity. Parental health and health behaviors partly explained the association. For increasing health equality in adolescent health, the consideration of parental health behavior in the planning and implementation of health promotion programs seem to be important.
Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Obesity in Brazilian Adult Women: Temporal Comparison of Repeated Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys.
Garcez A, Dias-da-Costa JS, Souza de Bairros F … +1 more , Anselmo Olinto MT
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39502797 · Full text
Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare changes in body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence between two cross-sectional s...
Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare changes in body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence between two cross-sectional samples of Brazilian women. Furthermore, retrospective assessments of lifetime body weight changes were explored. Two independent population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2003 (first survey) and 2015 (second survey) with women living in the urban area city in southern Brazil. Both surveys had a similar design and included 981 women aged 20-60 years. Mean BMI and the presence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) were estimated. Additionally, lifetime body weight change was obtained for the retrospective longitudinal assessment. After 12 years, there was a significant increase from 25.9 ± 5.3 kg/m to 28.1 ± 6.2 kg/m in mean BMI. Between 2003 and 2015, the prevalence of obesity increased by 73% (18.0%; 95% CI: 15.8-20.6 vs. 31.2%; 95% CI: 28.3-34.1; < 0.001). The means of estimated cumulative body weight gain from 15 to 50 years were 15.2 kg (95% CI: 13.3-17.1) and 17.2 kg (95% CI: 15.5-18.9) in 2003 and 2015, respectively; the greater cumulative difference between the two periods was observed at 40 years of age (3.3 kg). There was a significant increase in the mean BMI and prevalence of obesity between 2003 and 2015. Moreover, women experienced higher body weight gain during their lives in both survey periods, mainly in early adulthood.
Overweight and Obesity Among In-School Children and Adolescents (5-19 Years) in Ghana: A Scoping Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors.
Amoadu M, Obeng P, Abekah Baah J … +5 more , Acquah P, Cobbinah G, Aku Ogum M, Owusu Sarfo J, Wilson Ansah E
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39502796 · Full text
Overweight and obesity are linked to the severity of infections and the development of chronic conditions among children and adolescents in Ghana. Hence, estimating the current prevalence and its determinants is imperati...
Overweight and obesity are linked to the severity of infections and the development of chronic conditions among children and adolescents in Ghana. Hence, estimating the current prevalence and its determinants is imperative to guide public health interventions. This review mapped evidence on the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among in-school children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) in Ghana. Three main databases (PubMed, Central, and JSTOR) were searched for studies conducted in Ghana. Also, the study included only studies published online between 2010 and 2022. The search produced 1214 records, with an additional 23 identified through a search conducted in Google, Google Scholar, the WHO library, HINARI, and institutional repositories. After a thorough screening, 24 records were synthesized. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among the 23,663 in-school children and adolescents in Ghana was 0.5%-47.06%. Females have higher odds of being overweight than males. In addition, lack of nutrition and physical activity (PA) knowledge and low participation in school sports and physical activities exposed in-school children and adolescents in Ghana to overweight and obesity. Consumption of unhealthy foods, late bed, smoking, loneliness, watching television, and playing computer games exposed schoolchildren and adolescents in Ghana to overweight and obesity. There are relatively high levels of overweight and obesity among school-going children and adolescents in Ghana. Addressing sex gaps in PA, ensuring healthy eating, and limiting sedentary lifestyles is the surest way to promote healthy weight among in-school children and adolescents in Ghana.
Microarray Analysis of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obese Women Reveals Common Crossroads Among Inflammation, Metabolism, Addictive Behaviors, and Cancer: AKT3 and MAPK1 Cross Point in Obesity.
Martínez-Romero R, González-Chávez SA, Urías-Rubí VR … +5 more , Gómez-Moreno VM, Blanco-Cantero MF, Bernal-Velázquez HM, Luévano-González A, Pacheco-Tena C
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39484291 · Full text
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) abnormalities are directly associated with obesity-associated disorders. The underlying mechanisms that confer increased pathological risk to VAT in obesity have not been fully described. A...
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) abnormalities are directly associated with obesity-associated disorders. The underlying mechanisms that confer increased pathological risk to VAT in obesity have not been fully described. A case-control study was conducted that included 10 women with obesity (36.80 ± 7.39 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) and 10 women of normal weight (32.70 ± 9.45 years, BMI < 24.9 kg/m). RNA was extracted from greater omentum biopsies, and, using a DNA microarray, differential transcriptomic expression of VAT in women with obesity was evaluated taking as a reference that of women with normal weight. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into functional biological processes and signaling pathways; moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were integrated for a deeper analysis of the pathways and genes involved in the central obesity-associated disorders. The expression of TNF-, MAPK, and AKT proteins was also quantified in VAT. The VAT of women with obesity had 3808 DEGs, mainly associated with the cellular process of inflammation and carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Overexpressed genes were associated with inflammatory, metabolic, hormonal, neuroendocrine, carcinogenic, and infectious pathways. Cellular processes related to addictive behaviors were notable. MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways were overexpressed, and Mapk1 and Akt3 genes were common crossing points among obesity-associated disorders' pathways. The increased expression of MAPK, AKT, and TNF proteins was confirmed in the VAT of women with obesity. VAT confers a complex and blended pathogenic transcriptomic profile in obese patients, where abnormal processes are mainly controlled by activating intracellular signaling pathways that exhibit a high degree of redundancy. Identifying shared cross points between those pathways could allow specific targeting treatments to exert a widespread effect over multiple pathogenic processes.
Genetic Variations in , , and Increase the Risk of Extreme Obesity.
Santana CVN, Magno LAV, Ramos AV … +5 more , Rios MA, Sandrim VC, De Marco LA, de Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39484290 · Full text
Genetic variability significantly impacts metabolism, weight gain, and feeding behaviors, predisposing individuals to obesity. This study explored how variations in key genes related to obesity- (forkhead box O3), (prot...
Genetic variability significantly impacts metabolism, weight gain, and feeding behaviors, predisposing individuals to obesity. This study explored how variations in key genes related to obesity- (forkhead box O3), (protein kinase AMP-activated), and (proopiomelanocortin)-are associated with extreme obesity (EOB). We conducted a case-control study with 251 EOB patients and 212 healthy controls with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m. We genotyped 10 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using TaqMan-based assays. Four SNVs-rs1536057 in , rs103685 in , rs934778, and rs6545975 in -were associated with an increased risk of EOB. The strongest association was observed with rs934778 (), which had a maximum odds ratio (OR) of 5.26 (95% CI: 2.86-9.09). While these genetic variations are closely linked to EOB, they do not affect serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, BMI, or waist circumference. These findings indicate that factors beyond traditional metabolic pathways, potentially related to feeding behavior or hormonal regulation, may also link these genetic variations to obesity. Further research in a larger sample is essential to validate these findings and explore their potential to guide clinical interventions and public health strategies.
Delayed Gut Colonization Changes Future Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Gene Expression but Not Adiposity in Obese Mice.
Ebert MBB, Mentzel CMJ, Brunse A … +2 more , Krych L, Hansen CHF
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39360185 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The importance of early microbial dysbiosis in later development of obesity and metabolic disorders has been a subject of debate. Here we tested cause and effect in mice. METHODS: Germ-free male Swiss Webster...
OBJECTIVE: The importance of early microbial dysbiosis in later development of obesity and metabolic disorders has been a subject of debate. Here we tested cause and effect in mice. METHODS: Germ-free male Swiss Webster mice were colonized in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) facility at 1 week (1W) and 3 weeks (3W) of age. They were challenged with a high-fat diet and their responses were compared with SPF mice. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, RNA sequencing of the liver was performed on additional 3W and SPF mice on a regular chow diet. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in weight, food consumption, epididymal fat weight, HbA1c levels, and serum insulin and leptin, whereas the early germ-free period resulted in mice with impaired glucose tolerance. Both the 1W and 3W group peaked 56% ( < 0.05) and 66% ( < 0.01) higher in blood glucose than the SPF control group, respectively. This was accompanied by a 45% reduction in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the 1W mice ( < 0.05). There were no differences in the gut microbiota between the groups, indicating that all mice colonized fully after the germ-free period. Marked effects on hepatic gene expression (728 differentially expressed genes with adjusted < 0.05 and a fold change ± 1.5) suggested a potential predisposition to a higher risk of developing insulin resistance in the 3W group. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of microbes early in life had no impact on adiposity but led to insulin resistance and altered liver gene expression related to glucose metabolism in mice. The study strongly supports the notion that microbial signaling to the liver in the beginning of life can alter the host's risk of developing metabolic disorder later in life.
Relationship of Mitochondrial DNA Oxidation and Content with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity Phenotypes.
Rojo M, Pérez H, Millán AL … +3 more , Pautasso MC, Frechtel GD, Cerrone GE
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 39297082 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Obesity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress can influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidation level and content of mtDNA and its relationship with metabolic p...
OBJECTIVE: Obesity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress can influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidation level and content of mtDNA and its relationship with metabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) compared to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and normal weight (NW) controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 94 NW, 95 MHO, and 97 MUO individuals between 18 and 80 years old. Relative mtDNA content and mtDNA oxidation level (8-oxoguanine, 8-OxoG) were determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by the SYBR Green method of real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used to compare biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics, as well as mtDNA content and 8-OxoG. RESULTS: A progressive decrease in mtDNA content was observed between NW, MHO, and MUO with significant differences in MUO vs. NW (: 0.04). An increase in 8-OxoG was observed in MUO patients compared to the other groups (MUO vs. MHO : 0.01; MUO vs. NW : 0.04). mtDNA content was directly correlated with HDL-c ( < 0.01) and inversely with waist circumference (: 0.01) and LDL-c (: 0.05). mtDNA content decreased, and the oxidation level increased concomitantly with the presence of obesity, the number of MS components, higher coronary risk, and insulin resistance parameters. CONCLUSION: MHO presented a similar mtDNA oxidation level to NW and mtDNA content to the MUO, placing the MHO individuals as having an intermediate phenotype. Changes in mtDNA content and oxidation were correlated to the lipid profile related to obesity and/or MS presence, probably associated with oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation.
Beneficial Effects of Capybara Oil Supplementation on Steatosis and Liver Apoptosis in Obese Mice.
Lontro Alves L, Gomes Pereira P, Torres Ciambarella B … +10 more , Porto Campos M, Rabelo K, Rosa Nascimento AL, Leal de Carvalho Dos Santos Cunha R, Borba Vieira Andrade C, Cesar Nunes Moraes A, Bernardi A, Verdini Guimarães F, Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva J, José de Carvalho J
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38831961 · Full text
Obesity is a complex chronic disease characterized by excess body fat (adipose) that is harmful to health and has been a major global health problem. It may be associated with several diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty...
Obesity is a complex chronic disease characterized by excess body fat (adipose) that is harmful to health and has been a major global health problem. It may be associated with several diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are lipid mediators that have anti-inflammatory characteristics and can be found in animals and plants, with capybara oil (CO) being a promising source. So, we intend to evaluate the hepatic pathophysiological alterations in C57Bl/6 mice with NAFLD, caused by obesity, and the possible beneficial effects of OC in the treatment of this disease. Eighteen 3-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice received a control or high-fat diet for 18 weeks. From the 15th to the 18th week, the animals received treatment-through orogastric gavage-with placebo or free capybara oil (5 g/kg). Parameters inherent to body mass, glucose tolerance, evaluation of liver enzymes, percentage of hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, the process of cell death with the apoptotic biomarkers (Bax, Bcl2, and Cytochrome C), and the ultrastructure of hepatocytes were analyzed. Even though the treatment with CO was not able to disassemble the effects on the physiological parameters, it proved to be beneficial in reversing the morphological and ultrastructural damage present in the hepatocytes. Thus, demonstrating that CO has beneficial effects in reducing steatosis and the apoptotic pathway, it is a promising treatment for NAFLD.
Association between BMI Change, Transaminases, and Other Metabolic Parameters in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Flores Lopez AG, Quiros-Tejeira RE, Lyden E … +2 more , McGill B, Dike CR
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38817395 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Weight loss and lifestyle interventions are the mainstay of treatment in pediatric NAFLD. There are gaps in the literature on the objective improvement in BMI to meaningfully impact NAFLD in children. AIM: To...
BACKGROUND: Weight loss and lifestyle interventions are the mainstay of treatment in pediatric NAFLD. There are gaps in the literature on the objective improvement in BMI to meaningfully impact NAFLD in children. AIM: To determine the decrease in BMI associated with a significant decline in ALT and other metabolic parameters. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with the diagnosis of NAFLD. Data were collected at the baseline and 6 and 12 months. A linear regression model was used to assess the percent change in BMI predictive of change in ALT and other metabolic parameters. RESULTS: 281 charts were included. 71% of patients who had up to a 2.5% loss in BMI at 6 months had a decrease in ALT of up to 10 U/L compared to 43% patients who did not have a decrease in BMI up to 2.5% loss at the same time period (=0.01). The linear regression model showed that 6-month and 12-month percent changes in BMI are predictive of 6-month and 12-month ALT changes (=0.01 and 0.02), respectively. ALT normalization was achieved on 12% of patients with a ≥2.5% decrease in BMI at 6 months compared to 1% of patients that had no decrease of ≥2.5% decrease in BMI at 6 months (=0.01). The mean BMI -score decline was 0.18 (=0.001) in the group with a ≥2.5% decrease in BMI at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: BMI loss of up to 2.5% and the mean BMI Z-score 0.18 are associated with a significant decrease in ALT of up to 10 U/L. BMI percent change at 6 months and 12 months is predictive of changes in ALT. These results should help guide providers in clinical practice set objective goals for the management of children with NAFLD resulting from obesity.
The Burden of Obesity in Cardiac Surgery: A 14 years' Follow-Up of 14.754 Patients.
Beckmann A, Poehlmann M, Mayr P … +2 more , Krane M, Boehm J
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38779349 · Full text
AIMS: The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing during the past decades. While previous research has focused on the early outcome after cardiac surgery or specific complications, the current study covers the whole...
AIMS: The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing during the past decades. While previous research has focused on the early outcome after cardiac surgery or specific complications, the current study covers the whole burden of obesity in the field of cardiac surgery over short term and long term. Endpoints of the study were all-cause mortality, perioperative outcome, and wound-healing disorders (WHDs). METHODS: 14.754 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery over a 14 years' time period were analyzed. BMI classifications were used according to the WHO definition. RESULTS: Mean survival was 11.95 years ± 0.1; CI 95% [12.04-12.14]. After adjustment for clinical baseline characteristics, obesity classes' I-III (obesity) did not affect 30-day mortality or all-cause mortality during the whole observational period. After adjustment for known risk factors, the risk for WHDs doubled at least in obesity patients as follows: obesity I (OR = 2.06; CI 95% [1.7-2.5]; < 0.0001), obesity II (OR = 2.5; CI 95% [1.83-3.41]; < 0.0001), and obesity III (OR = 4.12; CI 95% [2.52-6.74]; < 0.0001). The same applies to the risk for sternal reconstruction that is substantially elevated in obesity I (OR = 2.23; CI 95% [1.75-2.83]; < 0.0001), obesity II (OR = 2.81; CI 95% [1.91-4.13]; < 0.0001), and obesity III (OR = 2.31; CI 95% [1.08-4.97]; =0.03). No significant correlation could be found between obesity and major adverse events in the perioperative course like renal failure, ventilation >24 h, re-exploration, or cerebrovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac surgery is safe in obesity as short- and long-term mortality are not increased, and major adverse events during the perioperative course are similar to control patients. The burden of obesity lies in substantially increased rates of wound-healing disorders and sternal reconstructions.
A Comprehensive Review on Weight Gain following Discontinuation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity.
Abdullah Bin Ahmed I
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38765635 · Full text
Obesity is considered the leading public health problem in the medical sector. The phenotype includes overweight conditions that lead to several other comorbidities that drastically decrease health. Glucagon-like recepto...
Obesity is considered the leading public health problem in the medical sector. The phenotype includes overweight conditions that lead to several other comorbidities that drastically decrease health. Glucagon-like receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) initially designed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had demonstrated weight loss benefits in several clinical trials studies showed that GLP-1RA encourages reduced food consumption and consequent weight reduction by stimulating brown fat and enhancing energy outlay through the action of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) pathways. Additionally, GLP-1RAs were found to regulate food intake through stimulation of sensory neurons in the vagus, interaction with the hypothalamus and hindbrain, and through inflammation and intestinal microbiota. However, the main concern with the use of GLP-1RA treatment was weight gain after withdrawal or discontinuation. We could identify three different ways that could lead to weight gain. Potential factors might include temporary hormonal adjustment in response to weight reduction, the central nervous system's (CNS) incompetence in regulating weight augmentation owing to the lack of GLP-1RA, and -cell malfunction due to sustained exposure to GLP-1RA. Here, we also review the data from clinical studies that reported withdrawal symptoms. Although the use of GLP-1RA could be beneficial in multiple ways, withdrawal after years has the symptoms reversed. Clinical studies should emphasize the downside of these views we highlighted, and mechanistic studies must be carried out for a better outcome with GLP-1RA from the laboratory to the bedside.
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