Journal Of Obesity[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Physiopathology and Treatment of Obesity and Overweight: A Proposal for a New Anorectic.
Silvestrini B, Silvestrini M
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38566891 · Full text
The "new epidemic," as WHO calls obesity, is caused by overeating, which, having exceeded the body's actual needs, accumulates in the form of health-damaging fat deposits. Moving more and eating less is the main remedy,...
The "new epidemic," as WHO calls obesity, is caused by overeating, which, having exceeded the body's actual needs, accumulates in the form of health-damaging fat deposits. Moving more and eating less is the main remedy, but eating belongs to vital instincts, which are beyond the control of reason. In this sense, eating is different from drinking and breathing because without food it is possible to survive for a few weeks, without water for a few days, without oxygen for a few minutes. The first part of this article provides an overview of obesity and its treatment, focusing on the new anorectic anticipated in the title. The second part focuses on compulsive obesity, typically represented by constitutional obesity and food addiction. The article concludes with a discussion of the pharmacological treatment of compulsive diseases, to which some forms of obesity belong.
The Important Role of Phosphatidylserine, ADAM17, TNF-Alpha, and Soluble MER on Efferocytosis Activity in Central Obesity.
Purnama CA, Meiliana A, Barliana MI … +2 more , Lestari K, Wijaya A
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38550672 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Obesity is expected to hinder efferocytosis due to ADAM17-mediated cleavage of the MER tyrosine kinase receptor, producing soluble MER (sMER) that disrupts MERTK binding to cell death markers. However, the in...
BACKGROUND: Obesity is expected to hinder efferocytosis due to ADAM17-mediated cleavage of the MER tyrosine kinase receptor, producing soluble MER (sMER) that disrupts MERTK binding to cell death markers. However, the intracellular efferocytosis pathway in central obesity remains elusive, particularly the role of low-grade chronic inflammation in its initiation and identification of binding signals that disrupt efferocytosis. OBJECTIVE: We investigate the efferocytosis signaling pathway in men with central obesity and its relationship with inflammation, cell death, and related processes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and clinical data and blood samples were collected from 56 men with central obesity (obese group) and 29 nonobese individuals (control group). Clinical evaluations and predefined biochemical screening tests were performed. The efferocytosis signaling pathway was investigated by measuring phosphatidylserine (PS), ADAM17, TNF-alpha (TNF-), and sMER. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome was detected in more than half of the participants in the obese group according to the predefined tests. Mean levels of PS, TNF-, and sMER were higher in the obese group but not significantly different from those of the control group. Further analysis based on waist circumference (WC) ranges in the obese group revealed a significant increase in PS and sMER levels between the control group and the obese group with WC greater than 120 cm. ADAM17 levels were significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. PS was positively correlated with WC and ADAM17. ADAM17 was positively correlated with TNF- and sMER, indicating impaired efferocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: Central obesity appeared to cause a disturbance in efferocytosis that began with cell damage and death, along with an enlargement of the WC and an ongoing inflammatory response. Efferocytosis was disrupted by proinflammatory cytokine regulators, which induced the production of sMER and interfered with the efferocytosis process.
Exploring the Prevalence and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Sub-Saharan African Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Musilanga N, Nasib H, Jackson G … +7 more , Shayo F, Nhanga C, Girukwigomba S, Mwakibolwa A, Henry S, Kijusya K, Msonge E
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38410415 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome represent two closely intertwined public health challenges that have reached alarming epidemic proportions in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in...
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome represent two closely intertwined public health challenges that have reached alarming epidemic proportions in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa as defined by the 2004 National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III 2004) and/or the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted to retrieve studies published in the English language on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online from their inception until July 31, 2023. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence of between-study variance attributed to heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and the I2 statistic. The Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal criteria were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. The summary estimates were presented with forest plots and tables. Publication bias was checked with the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS: Overall, 1421 articles were identified and evaluated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa was 63.1% (95% CI: 57.9-68.1) when using the NCEP-ATP III 2004 criteria and 60.8% (95% CI: 50.7-70.0) when using the IDF criteria. Subgroup analysis, using NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF criteria, revealed higher weighted pooled prevalence among females: 73.5% (95% CI: 67.4-79.5), 71.6% (95% CI: 60.2-82.9), compared to males: 50.5% (95% CI: 43.8-57.2), 44.5% (95% CI: 34.2-54.8), respectively. Central obesity was the most prevalent component of metabolic syndrome, with a pooled prevalence of 55.9% and 61.6% using NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF criteria, respectively. There was no statistical evidence of publication bias in both the NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF pooled estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the alarming prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, it is essential to promote lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise and balanced diets, prioritize routine obesity screenings, and implement early interventions and robust public health measures to mitigate the risks associated with central obesity.
The Concentrations of Interleukin-6, Insulin, and Glucagon in the Context of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in and Genes.
Król-Kulikowska M, Urbanowicz I, Kepinska M
J Obes · 2024 · PMID 38250713 · Full text
Obesity and diabetes are a problem of modern medicine. Although the environmental factors contributing to the development of these diseases are widely known, research into genetic factors is still ongoing. At the same ti...
Obesity and diabetes are a problem of modern medicine. Although the environmental factors contributing to the development of these diseases are widely known, research into genetic factors is still ongoing. At the same time, the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes is increasingly emphasized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of two selected polymorphisms (rs1800795 and rs3842729) on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, 118 participants were examined, including a control group (nonobese and nondiabetic group), an obese group, and a diabetic group. Genotype analysis was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. It has been shown that in patients with the G/G genotype within the rs1800795 polymorphism , the chance of developing type 2 diabetes is several times lower compared to patients with the G/C and C/C genotypes. However, the rs3842729 polymorphism does not directly affect the risk of obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D), although elevated insulin concentrations have been observed in obese and diabetic patients. These results confirm the impact of the rs1800795 polymorphism on the development of diabetes; however, this relationship is more complex and requires further research on other factors.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) during Ramadan: Narrative Review of the Published Literature.
Alayed KM
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 38169925 · Full text
Ramadan fasting, a religious practice observed by Muslims worldwide, involves abstaining from eating, drinking, smoking, and using oral medications from dawn to dusk during the ninth lunar month. Studies have demonstrate...
Ramadan fasting, a religious practice observed by Muslims worldwide, involves abstaining from eating, drinking, smoking, and using oral medications from dawn to dusk during the ninth lunar month. Studies have demonstrated that fasting during Ramadan has been shown to increase HDL cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity, as well as lower several hemostatic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, it may result in a drop in blood sugar levels, especially in diabetics who are also on blood sugar-lowering medicine. Hypoglycemia, characterized by low blood sugar levels, could also result from fasting during Ramadan. The GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) hormone plays a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and Ramadan fasting can affect its production and release in the gut. Research contributes to our understanding of the utilization of GL-1 medications during Ramadan among patients, broadening therapy alternatives and offering insightful information for well-informed decision-making. Therefore, this narrative review aims to explore the current evidence that studies the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 agonists during Ramadan for nondiabetic and diabetic patients to ensure healthy fasting during Ramadan.
The Interplay between Adipose Tissue Properties and Levels of NT-proBNP in People with HIV.
Jacobsen MB, Reimer Jensen AM, Knudsen AD … +7 more , Benfield T, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard B, Afzal S, Kofoed KF, Gelpi M, Nielsen SD
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 38026824 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the association between low N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and body mass index (BMI), adipose tissue distribution, adiponectin, and HIV-specific risk factors among peop...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the association between low N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and body mass index (BMI), adipose tissue distribution, adiponectin, and HIV-specific risk factors among people with HIV (PWH). METHODS: We included 811 PWH with measurement of height, weight and waist circumference, blood samples analyzed for NT-proBNP, and visceral-(VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue areas measured from CT-scans. Low concentrations of NT-proBNP were defined as concentrations below the limit of quantification (5.9 pmol/L). Associations were explored with multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS: We identified 471 (58%) individuals with low concentrations of NT-proBNP. Increasing BMI was associated with higher odds of low NT-proBNP (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01-1.11) per 1 kg/m). Central obesity and large areas of VAT were associated with higher odds of low NT-proBNP (aOR 1.66 (1.16-2.36) and aOR 1.69 (1.09-2.62), respectively). Higher adiponectin was associated with lower odds of low NT-proBNP (aOR 0.86 (0.79-0.95) per 10% increase). No associations were found between low NT-proBNP and HIV-specific risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In PWH, low NT-proBNP is associated with an adverse adipose tissue profile with high BMI, central obesity, accumulation of VAT, and low adiponectin.
Defining and Diagnosing Obesity in India: A Call for Advocacy and Action.
Kalra S, Kapoor N, Verma M … +4 more , Shaikh S, Das S, Jacob J, Sahay R
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 38026823 · Full text
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has more than doubled since 1980, and it is predicted that around two-thirds of the global burden of the disease will be attributed to chronic non-communicable diseases. Developin...
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has more than doubled since 1980, and it is predicted that around two-thirds of the global burden of the disease will be attributed to chronic non-communicable diseases. Developing countries are experiencing a more dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in recent years. As per National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), one in every four Indians is now having obesity. It has been reported that being overweight and obese is a significant problem among different socioeconomic spectrums of men and women in India, especially among the elderly, people residing in urban regions, and diverse socioeconomic strata. There is an urgent need to identify obesity as a chronic disease requiring immediate attention, mandating timely screening, timely treatment, and economical ways of achieving and managing weight loss across the country. In this review, the authors have discussed various aspects of overweight and obesity and critically appraised the current status of obesity in India, its public health implications, the significance of screening, the role of BMI and other parameters in diagnosing obesity, and the need for treatment and cost-effective prescriptions.
The Benefits of Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat (LCHF) Diet on Body Composition, Leg Volume, and Pain in Women with Lipedema.
Jeziorek M, Chachaj A, Sowicz M … +5 more , Adaszyńska A, Truszyński A, Putek J, Kujawa K, Szuba A
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 38026822 · Full text
This study aimed to assess the potential benefits of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet on body composition, leg volume, and pain reduction in women with lipedema compared to overweight or women with obesity. The s...
This study aimed to assess the potential benefits of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet on body composition, leg volume, and pain reduction in women with lipedema compared to overweight or women with obesity. The study included 113 female participants, 56 with lipedema and 57 with overweight/obesity (BMI >25 kg/m) without lipedema. All subjects were prescribed a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet with anti-inflammatory properties to adhere to for a duration of 7 months. Measurements of anthropometry, body weight, composition, and pain (VAS) were conducted at the study's commencement and conclusion. 52 participants completed the study. Both groups experienced a similar weight reduction, amounting to 12.9% compared to the baseline (-10.8 kg vs. -11.9 kg; = 0.14, for lipedema and women with overweight/obesity, respectively). The most reduction was in body fat mass. Improvements in various parameters were observed, except for ankle circumferences, which decreased more in the lipedema group. Lipedema participants showed significantly reduced pain levels following the LCHF diet (4.6 ± 2.6 vs 3.0 ± 2.3; < 0.001). The LCHF diet holds promise for weight loss, body fat reduction, leg volume management, and pain alleviation in women with lipedema. These findings provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for lipedema management.
White Matter Integrity Abnormalities in Healthy Overweight Individuals Revealed by Whole Brain Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies.
Cheng X, Wang W, Sun C … +2 more , Sun Y, Zhou C
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37908490 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) to investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in healthy individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS: A systematic literature search usi...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) to investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in healthy individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS: A systematic literature search using Web of Science and PubMed datasets was performed. Original investigations that used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore fractional anisotropy (FA) differences between healthy overweight/obese individuals and normal weight controls were collected. The meta-analysis was conducted using the seed-based mapping (SDM) software, employing stringent thresholds for significance. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression analysis were also performed to examine the robustness of the results and explore potential associations with age and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: The analysis included five studies comprising 232 overweight/obese individuals and 219 healthy normal weight controls. The findings showed that overweight/obese individuals exhibited reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in specific regions, namely, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), and the right median network, cingulum. Meta-regression analysis further revealed that these FA reductions were associated with age. CONCLUSION: These findings provided insights into the potential impact of overweight/obesity on cognition, emotion, and neural functions and highlighted the significance of early prevention and intervention for overweight on the basis of neuroimaging.
The Association of Adipokines and Myokines in the Blood of Obese Children and Adolescents with Lipoprotein Lipase rs328 Gene Variants.
Shestopalov AV, Davydov VV, Tumanyan GT … +8 more , Teplyakova ED, Shkurat TP, Mashkina EV, Shkurat MA, Gaponov AM, Sadova AA, Borisenko OV, Roumiantsev SA
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37901192 · Full text
Obesity develops largely due to genetic factors, with the genetic polymorphism of lipid metabolism enzymes being of particular importance. However, it is still unclear how the genetic variants of one of the key enzymes i...
Obesity develops largely due to genetic factors, with the genetic polymorphism of lipid metabolism enzymes being of particular importance. However, it is still unclear how the genetic variants of one of the key enzymes in lipid transport, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), are associated with the endocrine function of mesenchymal tissues in obesity. The current study was aimed at the investigation of the rs328 gene variant association with adipokines and myokines levels, as well as lipid metabolism indices in the blood of children and adolescents of both genders with obesity. We found that polymorphism rs328 is not characterized by the differences in the levels of hormones, adipokines, and myokines and in the blood of healthy children and adolescents; however, it significantly affects these indices during obesity in gender-dependent manner. The shifts in hormones, adipokines, and myokines manifest mostly in the obese individuals with Ser447Ser genotype rather than with 447Ter genotype. Obese boys homozygous for Ser447Ser have more elevated leptin levels than girls. They also demonstrate lower adiponectin, apelin, prolactin, and osteocrine levels than those in obese girls with the same genotype. The gender-based differences are less pronounced in individuals with 447Ter genotype than in the homozygotes for 447Ser. Thus, we conclude that the polymorphism rs328 of the lipoprotein lipase gene is accompanied by the changes in hormones, adipokines, and myokines levels in the blood of children and adolescents with obesity in gender-dependent manner.
Prevalence of rs1260326 Variant in Subjects with Obesity Associated NAFLD and T2DM: A Case-Control Study in South Punjab, Pakistan.
Nisar T, Arshad K, Abbas Z … +4 more , Khan MA, Safdar S, Shaikh RS, Saeed A
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37829557 · Full text
The glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) regulates glycogen metabolism and insulin secretion, and the rs1260326 is a putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with metabolic disorders including nonalcoho...
The glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) regulates glycogen metabolism and insulin secretion, and the rs1260326 is a putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with metabolic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was conducted to investigate the genetic association of the rs1260326 in NAFLD and T2DM in our population. NAFLD ( = 103), T2DM ( = 100), and control ( = 100) samples were collected and genotyped for rs1260326 by tetra-arm PCR. The genetic variant rs1260326 was significantly linked with NAFLD and T2DM, while the rs1260326 was significantly associated with the progression of obesity only in NAFLD subjects. The frequency of the C allele (mutant) was higher in both NAFLD ( = 0.69) and T2DM ( = 0.66) subjects as compared to healthy controls of NAFLD (0.52) and T2DM ( = 0.32). The frequency of the C allele was also positively linked with the progression of obesity in both diseases. The frequency of the C allele was 0.66, 0.67, and 0.74 in NAFLD normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects, respectively, while the frequency of the C allele was 0.60, 0.60, and 0.74 in T2DM in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects, respectively. Homozygous mutant (CC) was 53% in both NAFLD and T2DM subjects, while heterozygous mutant (CT) was 15.53% in NAFLD and 22% in T2DM subjects. Wild-type allele (TT) was 31.06% in NAFLD and 25% in T2DM subjects. In conclusion, the rs1260326 is a highly prevalent SNP in NAFLD and T2DM subjects, which possibly contributed to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders in our population.
Beyond the Scale: Investigating Adiponectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 as Metabolic Markers in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome.
Widjaja NA, Caesar LA, Nova S … +1 more , Ardianah E
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37822716 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Adiponectin acts to prevent vascular dysfunction due to obesity by inhibiting ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. OBJECTIVE: We investigate adiponectin ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adoles...
BACKGROUND: Adiponectin acts to prevent vascular dysfunction due to obesity by inhibiting ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. OBJECTIVE: We investigate adiponectin ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with healthy obese adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Statistical analysis conducted was a test of normality and homogeneity tests, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, independent sample -test/Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation and determined as significant if value <0.05. RESULTS: 125 obese adolescents were recruited. 42 (33.6%) were obese with MetS (we grouped as MetS) and 83 (66.4%) subjects without MetS (non-MetS group). VCAM-1 was significantly higher on boys with MetS compared to girls with MetS, and even girls with MetS had lower levels of VCAM-1 than boys with non-MetS. ICAM-1 was significantly higher in boys with low-level HDL-c ( < 0.05) and correlated weakly with HDL-c, while adiponectin levels were significantly lower in girls with central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. Path analysis showed that triglyceride had a direct effect on ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 in both obese boys and girls. Adiponectin had a negative direct effect on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in girls. However, on boys, diastole blood pressure had a negative direct effect, which might be the role of sex hormones indirectly. CONCLUSION: VCAM-1 was significantly higher in boys than girls, which showed that boys had a higher risk of atherosclerosis. ICAM-1 showed no significant difference in both gender and metabolic states. Adiponectin showed a protective effect by lowering ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 directly on girls.
Gestational Early-Time Restricted Feeding Results in Sex-Specific Glucose Intolerance in Adult Male Mice.
Mulcahy MC, El Habbal N, Snyder D … +4 more , Redd JR, Sun H, Gregg BE, Bridges D
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37808966 · Full text
The timing of food intake is a novel dietary component that impacts health. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, manipulates food timing. The timing of eating may be an important factor to consi...
The timing of food intake is a novel dietary component that impacts health. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, manipulates food timing. The timing of eating may be an important factor to consider during critical periods, such as pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy, too, can have a lasting impact on offspring health. The timing of food intake has not been thoroughly investigated in models of pregnancy, despite evidence that interest in the practice exists. Therefore, using a mouse model, we tested body composition and glycemic health of gestational early TRF (eTRF) in male and female offspring from weaning to adulthood on a chow diet and after a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet challenge. Body composition was similar between groups in both sexes from weaning to adulthood, with minor increases in food intake in eTRF females and slightly improved glucose tolerance in males while on a chow diet. However, after 10 weeks of HFHS, male eTRF offspring developed glucose intolerance. Further studies should assess the susceptibility of males, and apparent resilience of females, to gestational eTRF and assess mechanisms underlying these changes in adult males.
Impact of Food Environments on Obesity Rates: A State-Level Analysis.
Cerceo E, Sharma E, Boguslavsky A … +1 more , Rachoin JS
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37794996 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Limited access to healthy food in areas that are predominantly food deserts or food swamps may be associated with obesity. Other unhealthy behaviors may also be associated with obesity and poor food environ...
INTRODUCTION: Limited access to healthy food in areas that are predominantly food deserts or food swamps may be associated with obesity. Other unhealthy behaviors may also be associated with obesity and poor food environments. METHODS: We calculated Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI) to assess food retailers. Using data collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, the NJ Department of Health (NJDOH), and the US Census Bureau, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the interaction of obesity with the food environment and assessed smoking, leisure-time physical activity (LPA), and poor sleep. RESULTS: There were 17.9% food deserts and 9.3% food swamps in NJ. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between mRFEI and obesity rate (Pearson's -0.13, < 0.001), suggesting that lack of access to healthy food is associated with obesity. Regression analysis was significantly and independently associated with increased obesity prevalence (adjusted square 0.74 and =0.008). Obesity correlated positively with unhealthy behaviors. Each unhealthy behavior was negatively correlated with mRFEI. The mean prevalence for smoking, LPA, and sleep <7 hours was 15.4 (12.5-18.6), 26.5 (22.5-32.3), and 37.3 (34.9-40.4), respectively. CONCLUSION: Obesity tracks with food deserts and especially food swamps. It is also correlated with other unhealthy behaviors (smoking, LPA, and poor sleep).
Vitamin D Concentration Changes after Bariatric Surgery.
Mayana Alves Baad V, Chaves Pereira de Holanda N, Fonseca Nogueira Alves J … +4 more , Bandeira F, Célia Oliveira Dos Santos A, Alves Marcelino da Silva A, Cinthia Ferro Cavalcante T
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37771449 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery causes physiological and anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract that interfere with intestinal absorption and, consequently, with the nutritional status, especially about vitamin...
INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery causes physiological and anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract that interfere with intestinal absorption and, consequently, with the nutritional status, especially about vitamin D. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D levels and body composition of these patients in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) types of surgery. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study included a population of 120 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, with class II or III obesity, undergoing bariatric surgery procedures (VSG or RYGB-type). Data were collected on the degree of obesity, age, average time since surgery, and gender. The individuals underwent a complete physical examination, measuring blood pressure, weight, height, waist, and neck circumference. In addition to calculating the percentage of loss of body weight and assessing body fat, the food frequency and physical activity of these patients were evaluated. Blood was collected, and the insulin variables, hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), were analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between groups only for PTH, total BMD, and insulin variables. A significant intragroup difference was found in the variables' body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D for the vertical sleeve gastrectomy group and BMI for the RYGB group. CONCLUSION: The analysis between the groups of procedures, similarity in body composition and postsurgical vitamin D levels, with significant differences only for PTH, BMD, and insulin variables, demonstrates that both procedures are effective in reducing fat mass.
Delay Discounting and the Income-Food Insecurity-Obesity Paradox in Mothers.
Epstein LH, Rizwan A, Paluch RA … +1 more , Temple JL
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37766882 · Full text
Food insecurity, defined as unpredictable access to food that may not meet a person's nutritional needs, is paradoxically associated with higher BMI (kg/m) and obesity. Research has shown delay discounting, a behavioral...
Food insecurity, defined as unpredictable access to food that may not meet a person's nutritional needs, is paradoxically associated with higher BMI (kg/m) and obesity. Research has shown delay discounting, a behavioral economic measure of the preference for immediate rather than delayed rewards, is related to higher BMI, and moderates the relationship between income and food insecurity. Based on this research, we used regression models to test whether delay discounting, consideration of future consequences, and perceived stress were atemporal mediators of the food insecurity-BMI relation in 313 mothers, controlling for demographic variables. A secondary aim was to replicate the finding that delay discounting moderates the relationship between low income and high food insecurity. Results showed that low income was associated with higher food insecurity, and higher food insecurity was associated with higher BMI. Delay discounting was the only variable that was indirectly related to both paths of the food-insecurity-BMI relation. Delay discounting accounted for 22.2% of the variance in the low-income-food insecurity-obesity relation, and the total model accounted for 38.0% of the variance. The relation between low income and food insecurity was moderated by delay discounting. These data suggest that delay discounting is a potential mediator of the relationship between food insecurity and high BMI, which suggests reducing discounting in the future could be a novel target to reduce food insecurity and help people with food insecurity to reduce their excess body weight. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT02873715.
Unpredictable Malnutrition and Short-Term Outcomes after Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) Bypass in Obese Patients.
Kamal A, El Azawy M, Hassan TAA
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 39282500 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to present the clinical outcomes of SASI bypass as a treatment alternative for patients with morbid obesity. METHODS: This study was a prospective follow-up of morbidly obese patients...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to present the clinical outcomes of SASI bypass as a treatment alternative for patients with morbid obesity. METHODS: This study was a prospective follow-up of morbidly obese patients who underwent SASI bypass at Helwan University Hospital between March 1, 2019, and March 2020. The surgical procedure involved sleeve gastrectomy, followed by the anastomosis of the ileum, which was brought and hand-sewn 4 cm length side to side with the antrum, at a distance of 250 cm from the ileocecal valve. The data collected for the study included the resolution of comorbidities, incidence of gallstones, and one-year morbidity. RESULTS: The mean age of the studied patients ( = 30) was 44.13 ± 8.9 years. The mean BMI of the studied patients was 47.3 ± 7.6 kg/ht. All patients were morbidly obese for an average of 24 years. Postoperatively, 48% of the patients ( = 13) developed gallstones (GS), and the formation of GS was significantly higher in patients with longer durations of obesity ( = 0.009) and rapid weight loss. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of GS after 12 months postoperatively ( < 0.05). 63% of the patients ( = 19) had malnutrition, and 15 cases required revision due to the fear of further weight loss. Revision and malnutrition were significantly higher among male patients than female patients and among patients with longer durations of obesity ( ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: The SASI bypass may be an effective bariatric and metabolic surgery that can achieve satisfactory weight loss and improvement in medical comorbidities. However, our study highlights the potential risks of severe malnutrition and unpredictable weight loss; patient selection and duration of obesity may play a role in mitigating these risks.
Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemias, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypertension Utilizing Self-Reported Body Silhouettes.
Blachman-Braun R, Talavera JO, Pérez-Rodríguez M … +4 more , Roy-García I, Rivas-Ruiz R, Huitrón-Bravo G, Salmerón J
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37025979 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Self-reported body silhouette is an anthropometric instrument that has been utilized as a screening tool for underweight, overweight, obesity, and other abnormal anthropometric variables. Herein, we analyzed t...
OBJECTIVE: Self-reported body silhouette is an anthropometric instrument that has been utilized as a screening tool for underweight, overweight, obesity, and other abnormal anthropometric variables. Herein, we analyzed the risk associated with the self-reported body silhouette in the scope of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension. METHODS: Adult participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study enrolled between March 2004 and April 2006 were included. Then, risk analysis was performed considering dyslipidemias as serum triglycerides, high total cholesterol, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension. RESULTS: A total of 2,297 males and 5,003 females were analyzed. The median ages of the studied population was 39 (30-49) and 41 (31-50) years for males and females, respectively. Overall, there is a stepwise increase in the risk of presenting dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension as the self-reported body silhouette number increases, this tendency was observed in both males and females. CONCLUSION: Self-reported body silhouette is a useful risk assessment tool for dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension in Mexican adults. Applications of questioners containing this silhouette might be considered a valuable public health instrument due to their low cost, relative simplicity, and absence of specialized equipment, training, or respondent knowledge.
The Association between Unhealthy Food Consumption and Impaired Glucose Metabolism among Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Indonesian Population.
Pramono A, Fitranti DY, Nugroho KH … +2 more , Sobirin MA, Syauqy A
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 37006782 · Full text
BACKGROUND: It has been shown that dietary patterns are associated with glucose control. However, the association between the types of food consumed and blood glucose in overweight or obese individuals is still unclear....
BACKGROUND: It has been shown that dietary patterns are associated with glucose control. However, the association between the types of food consumed and blood glucose in overweight or obese individuals is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the association between unhealthy food consumption and impaired glucose metabolism in adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS: The analysis presented in this study was based on the data from a population-based, cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018/RISKESDAS 2018). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height squared (m) and was determined based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the Asian population. A validated questionnaire and food card were used to assess the diet. Fasting plasma glucose and 2-hpost-prandial glucose were employed to determine blood glucose markers. RESULTS: In total, 8752 adults with overweight or obesity were included in this analysis. We found that consumption of sweet, grilled, and processed foods was associated with impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) before and after adjustment ( < 0.05). Consumption of high-fat foods was also associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) for all models tested ( < 0.05). Furthermore, all models showed a link between processed food consumption and combined glucose intolerance (CGI) ( ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Differential food group consumption was associated with IFG, IGT, and CGI in Indonesian adults who were overweight or obese.
Insulin Resistance Model: A Recent Update.
Yudhani RD, Sari Y, Nugrahaningsih DAA … +6 more , Sholikhah EN, Rochmanti M, Purba AKR, Khotimah H, Nugrahenny D, Mustofa M
J Obes · 2023 · PMID 36714242 · Full text
Insulin resistance, which affects insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver, is the central pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes progression. Decreased glucos...
Insulin resistance, which affects insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver, is the central pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes progression. Decreased glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues disrupts insulin signaling pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt pathway. An model is appropriate for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance because it is easy to maintain and the results can be easily reproduced. The application of cell-based models for exploring the pathogenesis of diabetes and insulin resistance as well as for developing drugs for these conditions is well known. However, a comprehensive review of insulin resistance models is lacking. Therefore, this review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview and summary of the latest insulin resistance models, particularly 3T3-L1 (preadipocyte), C2C12 (skeletal muscle), and HepG2 (liver) cell lines induced with palmitic acid, high glucose, or chronic exposure to insulin.
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