J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Nov · PMID 40852914
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To date, the minimum centrifugation times of microhematocrit tubes of blood to generate accurate PCV and total solids (TS) results have not been validated in veterinary medicine. We collected blood samples from 44 donkey...To date, the minimum centrifugation times of microhematocrit tubes of blood to generate accurate PCV and total solids (TS) results have not been validated in veterinary medicine. We collected blood samples from 44 donkeys, 43 dogs, 61 sheep, and 40 cattle. We centrifuged microhematocrit tubes for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 15 min in donkeys and dogs, and 1.5, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min in ruminants. We evaluated the agreements between PCV and TS values at each time of centrifugation with the reference values at 15 min using intra-class coefficients of correlation and linear regressions. Finally, we considered the symmetrical distribution of differences between results obtained at each time of centrifugation and the reference values. We found that microhematocrit tubes centrifuged for a minimum of 3 min in donkeys and dogs, 10 min in sheep, and 5 min in cattle gave PCV and TS results in agreement with the values obtained after 15 min of centrifugation. The centrifugation time for cattle was shorter than currently advised. However, because PCV values of all cattle and most donkeys enrolled were within RIs and because no polycythemic animals were included, validation of these times may be warranted.
Majcher AM, Troillet A, Gerlach K
… +3 more, Tönnies PR, Brehm W, Ulrich R
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Nov · PMID 40842091
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Nine days after a surgical intervention due to an injury of the left hind hoof capsule, a 9-y-old, 538-kg female Wielkopolski horse was found recumbent in its stall with an unplugged permanent intravenous catheter positi...Nine days after a surgical intervention due to an injury of the left hind hoof capsule, a 9-y-old, 538-kg female Wielkopolski horse was found recumbent in its stall with an unplugged permanent intravenous catheter positioned in the left jugular vein. Despite immediate resuscitation attempts, the animal died within minutes. Suspecting venous air embolism, radiographic imaging and detailed postmortem examinations were performed. However, visualization of the heart by radiography was hindered by the animal's body mass and postmortem changes. The autopsy followed a modified Richter method, originally developed for diagnosing air embolism in humans. The horse was positioned in left lateral recumbency to allow in situ access to the atria and venous sinuses. Gas bubbles observed in the right atrium and ventricle confirmed venous air embolism as the cause of death. Venous air embolism is a rarely documented cause of death in veterinary pathology. We present here an autopsy protocol for diagnosis of venous air embolism in large animals, which is primarily a macroscopic diagnosis.
Long K, White BJ, Bortoluzzi EM
… +10 more, Feitoza LF, Carpenter L, Schmidt P, Mancke M, Champagne R, Jensen M, Raymond R, Buchanan J, Larson R, Lubbers B
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Nov · PMID 40817806
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) in feedyard cattle is of increasing concern among producers and can be difficult to diagnose definitively postmortem. In a cross-sectional observational study, we evaluated gross pathology...Congestive heart failure (CHF) in feedyard cattle is of increasing concern among producers and can be difficult to diagnose definitively postmortem. In a cross-sectional observational study, we evaluated gross pathology findings, various heart measurements, and subjective heart scores (1-5 scale: 1 = normal, 5 = severely remodeled) to identify heart disease postmortem. In postmortem examinations of 346 feedyard deaths, we classified 106 (30.6%) cases as cardiac enlargement or misshapen ventricle (CEMV) when there was an abnormal heart shape or dilated ventricle(s), and no signs of infectious heart disease. CHF was defined as a CEMV case with chronic passive congestion of the liver (i.e., nutmeg liver) and ≥2 of the following lesions: serous or serosanguineous pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal effusion. Eleven of the 346 autopsied cattle were classified as having CHF. Descriptive statistics and multivariate models were used to identify statistical associations between objective heart measurements or subjective heart scores and the prevalence of CEMV or CHF. CEMV cases had significantly increased heart widths, thinner left ventricular free walls, and expanded right ventricular lumen areas ( <0.05). The CHF model did not converge because we had too few cases to be able to evaluate associations between CHF and variables of interest.
Wilkes RP, Chan A, Elshafie N
… +1 more, Robbins K
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Nov · PMID 40817765
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is a flagellated protozoan parasite in the family that causes an enteric disease of turkeys and ducks known as cochlosomosis. Following the withdrawal of effective antiprotozoal medications from commercial poultry produ...is a flagellated protozoan parasite in the family that causes an enteric disease of turkeys and ducks known as cochlosomosis. Following the withdrawal of effective antiprotozoal medications from commercial poultry production, this organism has become of increased concern for the turkey industry. Historically, this organism has been detected by light microscopic evaluation of enteric mucosal scrapings. However, live trophozoites must be present in the sample for this method of detection because the parasite is differentiated from other protozoa by its characteristic movement. There is currently no real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay published for this organism; thus, we designed and validated a rtPCR assay. Ten-fold serial dilutions of gBlocks DNA representing the targeted region of the organism were evaluated to determine the limit of detection of the organism, which was ~50 copies per reaction. The assay was specific for , with no cross-detection of 3 other poultry flagellates: , , and . Sensitivity and specificity compared to microscopic detection of live organisms were 100%. Coinfections of with other pathogens have been reported. Thus, this assay can be added to syndromic panels for detection of enteric pathogens of turkeys.
Fasoli S, Vasylyeva K, Ferrari MG
… +5 more, Lunetta F, Brini E, Gruarin M, Agnoli C, Dondi F
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Nov · PMID 40785694
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Spurious platelet counts (PLTCs) associated with lipemia are documented in humans and rarely in dogs. We retrospectively evaluated CBCs of dogs admitted to a veterinary hospital to assess the interference of lipemia with...Spurious platelet counts (PLTCs) associated with lipemia are documented in humans and rarely in dogs. We retrospectively evaluated CBCs of dogs admitted to a veterinary hospital to assess the interference of lipemia with the automated PLTC (A-PLTC) measured by an optical method (Advia 2120i; Siemens). The severity of lipemia was used to group CBC results into 2 groups: severe lipemia (SL) and non-severe lipemia (NSL). Samples with abnormalities other than lipemia, potentially associated with a spurious increase in PLTC, were excluded. In the SL group, a manual PLTC (M-PLTC) was performed, and its difference with A-PLTC (ΔAPLT-MPLT) was calculated. Platelet scatter plots, concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol, diseases, and therapies were evaluated. We selected 9,535 samples, 173 (1.9%) in the SL group and 9,362 in the NSL group. The A-PLTC was significantly increased in the SL group (median: 399 × 10/L; range: 11-1,900 × 10/L) compared to the NSL group (median: 300 × 10/L, range: 1-2,250 × 10/L; < 0.0001). In the SL group, A-PLTC was significantly increased compared to M-PLTC (median: 356 × 10/L, range: 24-1,170 × 10/L, = 0.01; median: ΔAPLT-MPLT +25 × 10/L, range: -190 to 1,700 × 10/L), and the triglyceride concentration (median: 8.71 mmol/L; range: 0.55-152 mmol/L) was significantly associated with ΔAPLT-MPLT ( = 0.05; = 0.004). Dogs with pancreatitis had significantly increased ΔAPLT-MPLT (median: +624 × 10/L; range: 62-1,700 × 10/L) compared to other disease categories ( = 0.01). Severe lipemia may be associated with a spurious A-PLTC increase in dogs; careful evaluation of platelet scatter plots and visual inspection of serum are recommended. Manual estimation is required to correct the A-PLTC when this artifact is detected.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40772539
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Increasing the number of live-born piglets per litter is one of the major objectives of pig breeding programs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase (), RNA polymerase I subunit B ()...Increasing the number of live-born piglets per litter is one of the major objectives of pig breeding programs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase (), RNA polymerase I subunit B (), ribosome biogenesis (), and transcriptional adaptors ADA2 ( genes are recessive lethal alleles that are associated with embryonic lethality, which affects the reproductive performance and animal welfare of pig populations). No assay is available to screen for the recessive haplotypes of these 4 SNPs in pig populations. We successfully developed and verified a rapid, simple, and cost-effective PCR-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay for genotyping SNPs in , , genes in Landrace and genes in Duroc pigs in Vietnam. Our PCR-RFLP approach could potentially be applied in screening programs on a larger scale to improve the reproductive performance of commercial pig populations.
Schild CO, Nyaoke A, Asin J
… +4 more, Henderson EE, Blea JA, Stover SM, Uzal FA
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Jul · PMID 40702641
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Radial fractures are relatively uncommon (0-1%) injuries in postmortem studies of racehorses, and few cases have been published. We describe here a series of 42 cases of radial fractures observed in California racehorses...Radial fractures are relatively uncommon (0-1%) injuries in postmortem studies of racehorses, and few cases have been published. We describe here a series of 42 cases of radial fractures observed in California racehorses. Autopsy findings from all racehorses submitted for postmortem examination between 2006 July 1 and 2022 June 30 that had a recorded radial fracture were evaluated. We included 42 horses (30 Thoroughbreds, 12 Quarter Horses), most of which were 3-5-y-old. Catastrophic radial fracture was observed in 30 (71%) horses; in the remaining 12 (29%) horses, the fracture of the radius was considered an incidental finding. All of the catastrophic radial fractures were complete, displaced, and comminuted; 70% were articular and 30% were non-articular; 61% were open and 39% were closed; 83% were diaphyseal to distal epiphyseal and 17% were proximal epiphyseal. Nine of the 30 horses with catastrophic fracture had a preexisting periosteal callus associated with the main line of fracture. Among Quarter Horse racehorses, the frequency of callus in radial fractures tended to be higher ( = 0.083) in 3-y-olds compared with other ages. In 6 of these 9 cases, the callus was located along the cranial aspect of the distal third of the diaphysis. All incidental cases consisted of osteochondral fragmentations, which occurred most frequently on the cranial border of the intermediate facet of the distal articular surface of the radius. Knowledge of the common sites of stress fractures or osteochondral stress remodeling in the radius can help to focus autopsies and to improve the characterization and interpretation of those lesions.
Muhd Z, Khor KH, Alashraf AR
… +4 more, Lau SF, Radzi R, Bejo SK, Hashim R
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40667867
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Stray cats and dogs have been reported to shed spp., and wild rats are speculated to be involved. We aimed to elucidate the role of wild rats in transmitting to stray cats and dogs in Malaysia. We tested sera from 124...Stray cats and dogs have been reported to shed spp., and wild rats are speculated to be involved. We aimed to elucidate the role of wild rats in transmitting to stray cats and dogs in Malaysia. We tested sera from 124 wild rats with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT): 88 of 122 (72%) sera were positive (titer ≥1:100), with the predominant serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bataviae, Ballum, Javanica, Lai, and Pomona. With a -specific PCR assay, we detected pathogenic spp. in 33 of 124 (27%) kidney samples and 13 of 79 (16%) urine samples. Isolates obtained by culture of rat kidney and urine were identified to the species level with MAT using hyperimmune sera and the PCR assay. From 29 isolates, 2 pathogenic species were identified: serovar Bataviae and serovar Javanica. Phylogenetic analysis using partial 16S rDNA sequences of the spp. from the wild rats indicated that the species were similar to isolates from stray cats and dogs in previous studies. We confirmed that wild rats carried pathogenic spp. and were a potential source of leptospiral infection of stray cats and dogs in Malaysia.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40551504
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Senecavirus A1 (SVA; , ) infection causes an emerging infectious disease of swine that often leads to cutaneous vesicles on the snout and coronary bands and in the oral cavity of affected pigs, and causes epidemic transi...Senecavirus A1 (SVA; , ) infection causes an emerging infectious disease of swine that often leads to cutaneous vesicles on the snout and coronary bands and in the oral cavity of affected pigs, and causes epidemic transient neonatal loss in piglets. Virus isolation (VI) of SVA is required for viability testing, reference stock production, and monitoring virus evolution. We evaluated sampling and testing parameters leading to the successful propagation of SVA with a cross-sectional design based on 1,102 samples submitted to a reference laboratory. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between 16 variables and the outcome. When April was considered the reference month, the odds of SVA isolation failure were 17 and 100 times more likely during July and August, respectively. When foot samples were considered the referent, the odds of VI were 1.7 times more likely in unspecified samples. Compared to pooled samples, the odds of successful SVA isolation in individual samples were 8 and 45 times more likely in July and August, respectively. Laboratory parameters were not significantly associated with SVA isolation. The logistic model was moderately accurate (AUC = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.65-0.72%), suggesting that the model should be used cautiously for practical purposes. High environmental temperatures might negatively affect virus recovery. Using individual samples might improve SVA recovery when high ambient temperatures are recorded, as in the months of July and August.
Xiao SY, Zhu FD, Wang DJ
… +4 more, Hu YL, Jia HQ, Chen HC, Liu ZF
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40530591
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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious respiratory disease in cattle that is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1). We immunized BALB/c mice with inactivated and purified BoAHV1 to prepare hybrid...Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious respiratory disease in cattle that is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1). We immunized BALB/c mice with inactivated and purified BoAHV1 to prepare hybridoma cells. After the successful establishment of a positive hybridoma cell line, co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry unveiled the predominant targeting of glycoprotein B (gB) by the hybridoma cells. Through bioinformatics analysis and Western blot techniques, we identified the epitope of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against gB to amino acids 1-170. Subsequently, the 1H3 mAb was leveraged for the development of a gB blocking ELISA (gB-bELISA), utilizing inactivated BoAHV1 virions as the coating antigen. The optimized protocol involved diluting samples 2-fold with 1% fish gelatin, followed by incubation periods of 120 min for samples, 30 min for HRP-conjugated 1H3 mAb, and 15 min for the TMB substrate. We validated our assay using 268 bovine serum samples with clear backgrounds and established the cutoff value of 43.8% through ROC analysis. Additionally, we tested 256 clinical bovine serum samples using both our gB-bELISA and a virus neutralization test, achieving a concordance rate of 95.3%. Based on testing 495 randomly selected sera from 18 counties for BoAHV1 antibodies with our gB-bELISA, the seroprevalence of IBR in the Central China region was 22.0% (95% CI: 18.4, 25.7). Our gB-bELISA could be a valuable tool for the clinical detection of IBR, supporting disease control and eradication efforts.
Osemeke O, Torrison J, Helm C
… +8 more, Zeller M, Naseer R, Le Fevre C, Allison G, Hammer JM, Trevisan G, Gauger P, Linhares D
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40503621
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen affecting the U.S. swine industry, resulting in substantial costs associated with disease prevention, elimination, and control. Proces...Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen affecting the U.S. swine industry, resulting in substantial costs associated with disease prevention, elimination, and control. Processing fluids (PFs) are an increasingly popular sample type for PRRSV surveillance due to their cost-effectiveness and high herd-level sensitivity. However, like other aggregate sample types, PF samples are non-pristine, and the RNA within them is susceptible to degradation, increasing the risk of false-negative and/or inconsistent results in reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) testing. We evaluated the efficacy of the nucleic acid-preserving reagent PrimeStore molecular transport medium (PS-MTM) in improving PRRSV RT-rtPCR detection rates, Ct values, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) outcomes in PF samples. We collected PF samples from 2 PRRSV-positive sow herds and divided them into untreated controls and 2 PS-MTM-treated groups. PS-MTM-treated PFs had significantly lower Ct values compared to untreated samples, indicating improved RNA preservation and detectability. Although sequencing outcomes varied between study groups, PS-MTM-treated samples had statistically higher unique read counts. However, differences in other measured sequencing outcomes between the study groups were not statistically significant. PS-MTM has potential in PF sampling protocols to enhance PRRSV surveillance accuracy by reducing false-negative RT-rtPCR results.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40503614
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Benign salivary gland neoplasms are infrequent in dogs and cats. The available literature is scarce, relying on scattered case series and case reports. The histologic subclassification of these neoplasms in humans is cor...Benign salivary gland neoplasms are infrequent in dogs and cats. The available literature is scarce, relying on scattered case series and case reports. The histologic subclassification of these neoplasms in humans is correlated with tumor outcome and is used as a template for the veterinary species. To better describe the clinical and histologic features of these benign epithelial tumors in dogs and cats, we performed a retrospective multi-institutional study and retrieved 16 benign epithelial salivary neoplasms from 11 dogs and 5 cats. In dogs, the sex distribution was 7 castrated males, 3 spayed females, and 1 intact female. The average age at diagnosis was 10.4 y (range: 4-15 y; ±3.0 SD). The diagnoses were canalicular adenoma (5 cases), pleomorphic adenoma (3 cases), cystadenoma (2 cases), and basal cell adenoma (1 case). In cats, the sex distribution was 4 spayed females and 1 castrated male. The average age at diagnosis was 11 y (range: 7-18 y; ±4.6 SD). Diagnoses were canalicular adenoma (4 cases) and cystadenoma (1 case). The diagnostic pathologist should be familiar with the current veterinary and human nomenclature of these neoplasms to make an accurate diagnosis.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40459381
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Bovine tuberculosis, caused by , is endemic in the Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada, home to free-ranging and threatened wood bison. This disease poses a threat to the conservation of this culturally and ecologically i...Bovine tuberculosis, caused by , is endemic in the Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada, home to free-ranging and threatened wood bison. This disease poses a threat to the conservation of this culturally and ecologically important animal species, as well as potentially impacting the health of humans and other animal species via zoonosis and spillover, respectively. The ability to detect infection early will minimize and prevent the potential risk of transmission. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) assays are a reliable detection method for in cattle and other wildlife species and may have diagnostic value in bison as well. We aimed to optimize and partially validate 2 commercial IFNγ ELISAs to detect endogenous bison IFNγ in mitogen-stimulated whole blood. Parameters evaluated included antibody identification, sample matrix effect, dilution linearity, assay reproducibility, and limit of quantification. The optimized assays demonstrated linear responses to recombinant bovine and endogenous bison IFNγ (range: 1-125 pg/mL; = 0.99), with good recovery and fair reproducibility, and a low limit of quantification of 1 pg/mL. Mabtech bovine Flex and Pro kits have the same antibodies but in 2 different assay formats; an in-house assay platform (Flex kit) and precoated plates (Pro kit) are considered suitable for measuring bison IFNγ, offering flexibility depending on available resources.
Carvalho KS, de Barros CSL, Mendonça FS
… +2 more, Machado M, Riet-Correa F
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40443203
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In Brazil, CNS diseases in equids were little known until the 1980s. Since then, several diagnostic laboratories have been operating in different universities, initially in the South and Southeast regions and, later, in...In Brazil, CNS diseases in equids were little known until the 1980s. Since then, several diagnostic laboratories have been operating in different universities, initially in the South and Southeast regions and, later, in the Central-West, Northeast and North regions. However, the knowledge accumulated from the diagnoses of nervous system diseases of equids made at these institutions over the years has not been reviewed comprehensively, and many papers are published in Portuguese. Here, we review 18 diseases that occur in the nervous system of equids in Brazil, including some critical infectious diseases (rabies, equine encephalomyelitides, equine herpesviral myeloencephalopathy, protozoan myeloencephalitis), and diseases caused by toxic plants and mycotoxins. Our review provides reference data to assist pathologists and clinicians in diagnosing neurologic diseases in equids. We also hope it will serve as a reference for professionals in this field abroad, allowing them to compare data in the epidemiology and pathology of the nervous system diseases of equids in different regions of the world.
Gauthier MI, Legge C, Goldsmith DA
… +2 more, Bravo Araya M, Davies JL
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40439038
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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by a mutated biotype of feline coronavirus (FCoV; , ), is a significant disease of felids. We investigated perirenal hemorrhage, an unreported lesion in FIP, through a retrospe...Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by a mutated biotype of feline coronavirus (FCoV; , ), is a significant disease of felids. We investigated perirenal hemorrhage, an unreported lesion in FIP, through a retrospective analysis of 51 immunohistochemistry-confirmed FIP cases submitted to the Diagnostic Services Unit (DSU; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada) between 2010 June 30 and 2024 June 30. Five cats had perirenal hemorrhage in the right retroperitoneal space; 4 had concurrent subcapsular renal hemorrhage; and 1 had sublumbar muscle hemorrhage and hemoabdomen. One case had additional hemorrhages in the brain and cervical spinal cord. Concurrent gross lesions typical of FIP included pyogranulomatous inflammation in various organs and protein-rich cavitary effusions. Histologic lesions typical of FIP (vasculitis and pyogranulomatous inflammation) were present in the kidneys and retroperitoneal fat of 4 cases, and in 3 cases, FCoV antigen was demonstrated in the regions of hemorrhage. The exact mechanism of this hemorrhage is unknown, but we speculate that vasculitis caused by FIP is the cause. Despite the relatively low prevalence of perirenal hemorrhage in this cohort, this lesion represents a unique, previously unreported manifestation of FIP that clinicians and pathologists should be aware of and consider in the differential diagnosis for fluid accumulation or space-occupying lesions in the retroperitoneum of cats.
Sedghi Masoud N, Iwaide S, Itoh Y
… +4 more, Hisada M, Harada T, Machida N, Murakami T
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40411211
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Some types of amyloidosis are observed as localized conditions associated with tumors, such as plasmacytoma and C-cell carcinoma. Although pancreatic endocrine tumors have been linked to amyloid deposition, the potential...Some types of amyloidosis are observed as localized conditions associated with tumors, such as plasmacytoma and C-cell carcinoma. Although pancreatic endocrine tumors have been linked to amyloid deposition, the potential for amyloid formation in exocrine pancreatic tumors has remained unexplored in both animals and humans. We examined amyloid deposits in 24 feline cases of exocrine pancreatic tumors. Histologic analysis identified amyloid deposits in 8 cases, appearing as Congo red-positive amorphous material in the luminal corpora amylacea. Microdissection and mass spectrometry analysis of amyloid deposits from 5 cases identified lithostathine as the major component in 3 of the cases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of lithostathine in these deposits, identifying lithostathine-derived amyloid. Conversely, other cases had no consistent lithostathine positivity, indicating that multiple amyloidogenic proteins, not just lithostathine, may be involved in exocrine pancreatic tumor-associated amyloidosis.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40411202
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Hemorrhagic septicemia-causing strains of are endemic in Asia and Africa, but naturally occurring hemorrhagic septicemia has not been described in livestock in the United States since 1993. There are 5 capsular types of...Hemorrhagic septicemia-causing strains of are endemic in Asia and Africa, but naturally occurring hemorrhagic septicemia has not been described in livestock in the United States since 1993. There are 5 capsular types of : A, B, D, E, and F. Two capsular types (B, E) cause hemorrhagic septicemia, whereas capsular types A and, to a lesser extent, D are associated with enzootic bovine pneumonia. Here we describe 2 naturally occurring cases of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by capsular type B:3,4 in the United States, including molecular characterization of these strains, with a comparison to available reference strains and publicly available genomes of capsular type B. Genomic analyses demonstrated that our case strains are similar to a strain isolated from New Jersey cattle in 1968 and to contemporaneous strains from New Zealand and Canada. These strains are different from those circulating globally, as demonstrated by the need to assign new sequence types for our isolates. Hemorrhagic septicemia appears to be re-emerging globally in countries that have not seen outbreaks in decades and may be poised for re-emergence in the United States given the identification of these novel strains.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40411201
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A 0.5-cm nodular thickening of the vagina was observed in a flying fox () that had been rescued after becoming entangled in fruit netting. Over the following 6 mo, the thickening progressed to diffuse multinodular mucosa...A 0.5-cm nodular thickening of the vagina was observed in a flying fox () that had been rescued after becoming entangled in fruit netting. Over the following 6 mo, the thickening progressed to diffuse multinodular mucosal thickening of both the vagina and anus. The proliferative lesions were removed surgically. Histologically, the thickened mucosa was arranged in numerous small exophytic papillomas. Cells within the basilar layers were crowded and basophilic. Rarely, enlarged cells that contained increased quantities of pale, smudged eosinophilic cytoplasm [consistent with papillomavirus (PV)-induced cellular changes] were visible. PCR amplified a PV DNA sequence from a sample of affected vaginal mucosa; the sequence was ~90% similar to a PV DNA sequence previously detected as a subclinical infection in an African species of fruit bat. The lesion had not recurred within 6 mo of surgical excision. This is the second report of PV-associated disease in bats; to our knowledge, PV infection has not been reported previously in association with anogenital lesions in bats. Additionally, to our knowledge, a PV has not been identified previously in an Australian bat species.
Santifort KM, Streng K, Bergknut N
… +3 more, Van Soens I, Plonek M, van der Poel WHM
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40396364
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The pathogenesis of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) in dogs remains enigmatic. Numerous studies have attempted and failed to identify (viral) pathogens...The pathogenesis of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) in dogs remains enigmatic. Numerous studies have attempted and failed to identify (viral) pathogens in samples from MUO- or SRMA-diagnosed dogs. Orthoflavivirus-associated meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis has been diagnosed in dogs in several European countries. We investigated serologic evidence for orthoflavivirus infection in dogs with clinical diagnoses of MUO or SRMA in the Netherlands. Twelve dogs with a clinical diagnosis of MUO based on signalment, neurologic examination, MRI studies, CSF analysis, and response to treatment were included in the study (age range: 1-11 y; 4 females, 8 males; weight range: 8-44 kg). Serum samples from all 12 dogs tested negative in a commercial competitive ELISA and virus neutralization tests for West Nile virus, Usutu virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. We did not find serologic evidence of orthoflavivirus infection in dogs with MUO or SRMA in the Netherlands.
Avellaneda-Cáceres A, Lee ST, Ruiz Á
… +6 more, Sandoval GV, Colque-Caro LA, Cook D, Aguirre LS, Uzal FA, Micheloud JF
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40386928
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Over a 2-wk period, 20 cows that were grazing a (Guinea grass) pasture died after developing depression, respiratory difficulty, and recumbency. Affected animals had increased serum urea, phosphorus, and creatinine conc...Over a 2-wk period, 20 cows that were grazing a (Guinea grass) pasture died after developing depression, respiratory difficulty, and recumbency. Affected animals had increased serum urea, phosphorus, and creatinine concentrations, and below-normal calcium concentrations. Autopsy revealed moderate ascites; mildly enlarged, pale, mottled kidneys; and perirenal edema. Microscopically, there was hyperplasia of mesangial cells in the renal glomeruli, renal tubular epithelial necrosis, and hyaline casts and refractive crystals in cortical and medullary renal tubular lumens. Samples of from the affected pasture contained elevated concentrations of soluble oxalate (3.71%). Our findings suggest that oxalate produced by caused acute tubular injury. Our case highlights the critical need for monitoring oxalate levels in pastures and managing grazing practices, particularly under drought conditions, to prevent similar outbreaks in the future.