Sebastian Pineda DA, Maboni G, Garcia G
… +3 more, Baker C, Bacon L, Rissi DR
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41392417
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Feline herpesviral ulcerative dermatitis is associated with ulceration of the face and oral mucosa. Histologically, lesions consist of eosinophilic inflammation in the superficial dermis, with occasional eosinophilic int...Feline herpesviral ulcerative dermatitis is associated with ulceration of the face and oral mucosa. Histologically, lesions consist of eosinophilic inflammation in the superficial dermis, with occasional eosinophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies in the epidermis, follicular epithelium, and associated glands. We describe a case of atypical felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1; family , taxon species ) dermatitis in a 6-y-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat in which lesions were located on the limbs and shoulder without facial or oral involvement. Histologic findings consisted of deep eosinophilic and plasmacytic dermatitis with vasculitis, thrombosis, and intranuclear viral inclusion bodies within macrophages. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for FeAHV1 revealed viral antigen within macrophages in the deep dermis but not in epithelial cells. FeAHV1 was identified in the affected tissue via a consensus PCR assay targeting the DNA polymerase and the DNA packaging terminase subunit 1 for herpesviruses, followed by sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Similar lesions appeared on the right shoulder and right tarsal area ~7 mo after the first biopsy. Histologically, lesions were typical of feline ulcerative dermatitis and consisted of extensive areas of epidermal and follicular necrosis with ulceration and occasional intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies in the epidermis and sebocytes. IHC in the second biopsy sample revealed FeAHV1 antigen within epithelial cells and macrophages near the ulcerated areas. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of unusual manifestations of FeAHV1-associated ulcerative dermatitis in cats.
O'Shannessy L, Plain K, Sheehy PA
… +5 more, House J, Bauer BU, Böttcher J, Logan BG, Bosward KL
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41331983
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The intracellular bacterium, , causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been shown to be important in Q fever; however, few studies have investigated the role of CMI in coxiel...The intracellular bacterium, , causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been shown to be important in Q fever; however, few studies have investigated the role of CMI in coxiellosis in cattle. Therefore, we aimed to optimize a whole-blood cytokine recall assay (CRA) and to evaluate -specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 10 (IL10) responses in naturally infected cattle. Duplicate blood samples were collected from cows in an endemically infected dairy herd (as determined by serologic and molecular testing as well as through microbiologic culture) and subsequently transported at ambient temperature or on ice before stimulation with phase 1 and 2 antigen at various concentrations for 24 or 48 h; IFNγ and IL10 were measured in supernatant by ELISA. Using the optimized assay, the cytokine response was measured at calving and ~8 wk post-calving. The effect was assessed using generalized linear models and Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). The greatest mean cytokine responses were elicited when blood samples were transported at ambient temperature and stimulated for 48 h with the highest antigen concentration. There was a significantly greater mean IFNγ (2.04 times) and IL10 (1.86 times) response at 8 wk post-calving compared to calving. At 8 wk post-calving, the correlation between cytokine response to phase 1 and 2 was ρ = 0.84 for IFNγ and ρ = 0.91 for IL10. Ultimately, our optimization study will guide informed use of the CRA in cattle research, allowing effective investigation of CMI in coxiellosis.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41331975
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Nosemosis, caused by () or () , is the main fungal disease affecting the Western honey bee (). We evaluated the use of histology in the diagnosis of disease, identified the histologic patterns, and compared the effica...Nosemosis, caused by () or () , is the main fungal disease affecting the Western honey bee (). We evaluated the use of histology in the diagnosis of disease, identified the histologic patterns, and compared the efficacy of different staining techniques. We sampled 10 hives, collecting ~80 bees per hive. Spore counts were performed on 60 bees per sample using a hemocytometer in accordance with the standard procedure. Slides of whole bees were produced from the remaining bees, stained with 15 different techniques, and observed under a light microscope at 400×. Infection in the ventriculus was graded using hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron stain; prevalence and severity of the infection were determined; and an intra-class coefficient (ICC) was calculated to correlate the histologic results with the standard counting method. Based on contrast, specificity, and sensitivity, we found hot Gram chromotrope and Ziehl-Neelsen stains offered the best approach for highlighting spores. These stains were optimized to find the ideal staining times for by testing different immersion durations in key steps to enhance spore contrast. There was a notable association between histologic observations and spore count, with an ICC of 0.74 (95% CI [0.36, 0.91]) and 0.82 (95% CI [0.54, 0.93]) for the percentage of infected bees and histologic grade, respectively. Lesions included distension of ventricular epithelial cells, intracellular microsporidia, reduced ciliation, and disintegration of the peritrophic membrane. No spores were detected in extra-ventricular organs.
Castro DJ, Margineda CA, Mattioli GA
… +2 more, Poppenga R, Uzal FA
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41331964
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Nutritional myopathy (NM) is a sporadic disease of growing cattle, mostly associated with selenium (Se) deficiency, and characterized by necrosis of striated muscle. There is scant literature about NM in adult cattle. We...Nutritional myopathy (NM) is a sporadic disease of growing cattle, mostly associated with selenium (Se) deficiency, and characterized by necrosis of striated muscle. There is scant literature about NM in adult cattle. We describe 2 clusters of gastrocnemius and serratus ventralis NM associated with Se and copper (Cu) deficiency in adult beef cattle in Argentina. Cluster 1 included bilateral dropped hocks in 5 cows. Grossly, the gastrocnemius muscles of both hindlimbs had symmetrical hemorrhagic foci surrounded by pale-yellow areas. Cluster 2 included bilateral dorsal scapular displacement in a cow and a heifer. The animals of cluster 2 had diffusely elongated and pale-white serratus ventralis muscles. Microscopically, the affected muscles of all of the animals in the 2 clusters had polyphasic degeneration and necrosis. We observed below-normal blood glutathione peroxidase activity and plasma Cu concentrations in affected and unaffected animals of both clusters. Liver and kidney Se concentrations were normal, likely because the animals had been supplemented with this mineral soon before death. Liver Cu was below the normal range in all autopsied animals. Cu deficiency could favor oxidative damage produced by Se deficiency and interfere with collagen synthesis in the epimysium, predisposing the animal to muscle injuries. Although NM is more frequent in growing cattle, it should also be considered among the differential diagnoses for lameness in adult cattle.
Ford AK, Villaseñor A, Newman SJ
… +15 more, Craig LE, Asin J, Streitenberger N, Mete A, Cornish T, Gonzalez O, Shivanna V, Perry DL, Dick EJ, Stranahan LW, Ubiali DG, Pescador CA, Negrão Watanabe TT, Graham EA, Barrantes Murillo DF
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41327809
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Myelolipomas are benign neoplastic lesions composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Excluding dogs and cats, myelolipomas have been extensively described in the spleen of cheetahs (), the liver of Goeldi's monkeys (...Myelolipomas are benign neoplastic lesions composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Excluding dogs and cats, myelolipomas have been extensively described in the spleen of cheetahs (), the liver of Goeldi's monkeys (), and birds in the order . To better describe the species diversity and the clinical and pathologic relevance of myelolipomas, we conducted a detailed literature review and a retrospective multi-institutional study of myelolipomas, excluding cases diagnosed in dogs and cats. A total of 52 cases from 27 different species were diagnosed or reported (65% mammals and 35% birds) from 8 institutions. Notably, 18 of 27 (67%) of the animal species diagnosed with myelolipoma in our study lacked previous documentation in the literature. In mammals, myelolipomas were diagnosed in the spleen, liver, and adrenal gland, and less commonly in lymph nodes, mesentery, broad uterine ligament, and subcutis; most often, these proliferations were incidental findings at autopsy unrelated to animal death or euthanasia. In birds, the most frequently affected location was the liver, followed by the kidney and celom, occasionally resulting in antemortem clinical disease and adverse outcomes. Myelolipomas had clinical and pathologic relevance in 9 of 52 (17%) cases including birds and mammals. Osseous metaplasia was found within the myelolipomas in 2 of 52 (4%) cases. We conclude that myelolipomas are present in more species than previously documented and most cases are probably underreported. The clinical relevance of a myelolipoma can be determined by postmortem examination, and depends on the species affected, the anatomic location, and the size of the lesion.
Dodson HE, Giaretta PR, McNulty KE
… +4 more, Aicher KM, Winston JA, Cianciolo RE, Rech RR
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41305870
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Malakoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous disease reported to affect mainly the urinary bladder and, less frequently, the urogenital tract, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes. We describe cases of malakoplakia withi...Malakoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous disease reported to affect mainly the urinary bladder and, less frequently, the urogenital tract, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes. We describe cases of malakoplakia within the renal medulla of 2 dogs. Both dogs had a history of recurrent urinary tract infections with urine culture growth of . Autopsy findings in dog 1 included ~60 tan-to-yellow, irregular nodules within the renal medulla, and tan-to-red, semi-firm nodules within the urinary bladder mucosa. Dog 2 had no gross changes within the kidneys but rather had ~20 red, semi-firm nodules along the surface of the apex of the urinary bladder. Histologically, the renal medulla of both dogs had sheets of foamy IBA1-positive macrophages with cytoplasmic granules and inclusions of intensely periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive and occasional intracytoplasmic von Kossa- and Prussian blue-positive Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, consistent with malakoplakia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry confirmed within macrophages. An underlying endocrinopathy could be a predisposing factor in the development of malakoplakia in older dogs.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41305868
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Pneumothorax is reported infrequently in marine mammals, most often secondary to physical or barometric trauma. We describe tension pneumothorax associated with verminous bronchopneumonia in a juvenile white-beaked dolph...Pneumothorax is reported infrequently in marine mammals, most often secondary to physical or barometric trauma. We describe tension pneumothorax associated with verminous bronchopneumonia in a juvenile white-beaked dolphin stranded in Québec, Canada. Autopsy findings included a violent escape of air upon opening the pleural cavity, and white nematode-filled cystic nodules extending into the subpleural space and the lung parenchyma. One of these cysts had ruptured on the pleural surface. Numerous nematodes were observed in the lumen of main and secondary bronchi. Mediastinal lymph nodes were also enlarged. Helminths were collected and processed for molecular species identification. Histologically, verminous bronchopneumonia was marked by massive infiltration of the airways by polymorphonuclear and histiocytic cells surrounding adult and larval nematodes. Regional lymph nodes also contained focal infiltrates of polymorphonuclear cells associated with larvae. The nematodes were identified as according to their morphology and molecular characterization. We attributed the death of this dolphin calf to tension pneumothorax secondary to a massive infection by the lungworm .
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41263335
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We report here a case of lipid-rich abdominal fluid in a 31-y-old Arabian gelding with acute colic. Abdominocentesis yielded opaque, yellow-to-orange peritoneal fluid with an elevated triglyceride concentration (42 g/L,...We report here a case of lipid-rich abdominal fluid in a 31-y-old Arabian gelding with acute colic. Abdominocentesis yielded opaque, yellow-to-orange peritoneal fluid with an elevated triglyceride concentration (42 g/L, RI: <0.10 g/L; fluid:serum triglyceride ratio 11.4, RI: <1.0). A second abdominocentesis performed 3 d later revealed clear fluid, suggesting transient chyloabdomen. Despite medical management, the horse developed respiratory distress secondary to pharyngeal edema and was euthanized. Autopsy identified a large omental lipoma and severe ulcerative gastritis, but no effusion. We speculate that necrosis of the lipoma might have contributed to the lipid-rich fluid, although definitive evidence was lacking.
Bessemer B, Griffin C, Marsh A
… +6 more, Schreeg M, da Costa R, Roynard P, Dixon S, Oglesbee M, Premanandan C
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41263330
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A 2-y-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented with a 3-mo history of seizures. Coalescing intra-axial complex cystic lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere identified on MRI were suggestive of hydatid cysts; ho...A 2-y-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented with a 3-mo history of seizures. Coalescing intra-axial complex cystic lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere identified on MRI were suggestive of hydatid cysts; however, PCR testing of a fecal sample for spp. was negative. The dog was euthanized after 3 mo of treatment due to worsening signs and was submitted for postmortem examination. Coalescing 0.5-3-cm cavitations effaced ~20% of the left and 40% of the right cerebral hemispheres, and contained numerous 3-5-mm long ovoid-to-elongate, soft, white-to-clear metacestodes. Similar structures extended into the subarachnoid space. Histology revealed multiple larval cestodes consistent with invaginated cysticerci present in bladder compartments. Cysticerci each had a scolex, convoluted invaginated spiral canal, and spinous tegument with numerous calcareous corpuscles. Within many of the cysticerci, visible armed rostella had refractile hooklets and muscular suckers. Light microscopic evaluation of whole cysticerci preserved in ethanol revealed rostellar hooks with blade-to-guard length and handle-to-guard length that were within RIs for . Sequencing of DNA amplicons obtained via PCR confirmed 100% sequence identity to . To our knowledge, canine neural cysticercosis attributed to has not been reported previously. Our case highlights the successful integration of multiple diagnostic modalities in a case of canine neural cysticercosis.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41216701
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Diagnosis of lymphoid hyperplasia and neoplasia due to lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV; , ) infection in turkeys is challenging due to histopathologic similarities with nonspecific inflammation and cellular respo...Diagnosis of lymphoid hyperplasia and neoplasia due to lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV; , ) infection in turkeys is challenging due to histopathologic similarities with nonspecific inflammation and cellular responses to other retroviral infections. Localization of LPDV RNA or protein antigens within affected tissues, which has previously not been shown, would allow for more definitive diagnoses. We evaluated formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 32 turkeys, including 15 naturally infected wild turkeys, 11 experimentally infected domestic turkeys, and 6 uninfected wild and domestic turkeys, using RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ISH probes targeted a segment of the gene, and IHC antibodies were designed to recognize the capsid protein. Tissues from 4 infected turkeys were subjected to concurrent ISH and IHC labeling. All infected turkeys had ISH and IHC cytoplasmic and/or nuclear labeling of lymphocytes in at least one tissue, including within lymphoid tumors. ISH labeling was widely scattered in lymphocytes, whereas IHC labeling distribution was more limited. Spleen consistently exhibited the strongest and most widespread ISH and IHC labeling in both wild and domestic turkeys. Labeled lymphocytes typically were localized to splenic germinal centers and around periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths in the thymic cortex. Lymphocytes occasionally had simultaneous ISH and IHC labeling in selected cases. No uninfected turkeys had ISH or IHC labeling. Our 2 methods of LPDV detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues can aid in distinguishing lymphoid proliferation due to LPDV from other etiologies and further characterize pathogenesis.
Leone S, Pallante I, Zanardello C
… +7 more, Zacometti C, Patregnani T, Foiani G, Tata A, Stella R, Merenda M, Pozzato N
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41185551
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Abnormal sudden mortality of 2 goats and 10 sheep occurred in a 27-head flock in Verona province (northeastern Italy). In the 24 h before death, animals had acute ataxia, lateral recumbency, spastic convulsions, and dysp...Abnormal sudden mortality of 2 goats and 10 sheep occurred in a 27-head flock in Verona province (northeastern Italy). In the 24 h before death, animals had acute ataxia, lateral recumbency, spastic convulsions, and dyspnea. Autopsy of 4 animals was performed at the Verona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe; Italy). In the forestomachs, abundant fibrous material and numerous seeds were observed. Bacteriologic, parasitologic, and histologic investigations were carried out; samples of rumen contents and liver were analyzed by direct analysis real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS), which allows rapid screening of toxic substances. The combination of DART-HRMS and liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem MS (LC-HRMS/MS) confirmed the acute intoxication and provided insights into the clinicopathologic findings due to the ingestion of (wintersweet), a plant species that contains alkaloids including calycanthine, which is known to be toxic in several domestic species, including small ruminants.
Porter AL, Hanna R, Saucier J
… +7 more, Florio H, Ferguson Q, Bezold T, Westra A, Smith P, Denis T, Buch J
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41185539
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species that infect dogs and cats are ubiquitous, and oocysts can be found in the feces of both subclinically infected and sick animals. Most clinical cases are diagnosed in puppies and kittens <4-mo-old. We validated a...species that infect dogs and cats are ubiquitous, and oocysts can be found in the feces of both subclinically infected and sick animals. Most clinical cases are diagnosed in puppies and kittens <4-mo-old. We validated a high-throughput immunoassay (Fecal Dx immunoassay; Idexx), which uses 2 monoclonal antibodies to detect spp. coproantigen, using zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation (ZCF) as the reference method and samples from experimentally infected animals. This new genus-level coproantigen assay had equivalent sensitivity for at least 4 relevant spp.-, like, , and -with no observed cross-reactivity to other protozoal parasites (, , , ) of companion animals. In comparison to ZCF, the immunoassay had a positive percent agreement of 88.5% (95% CI [86.1, 91.6]) and a negative percent agreement of 98.2% (95% CI [98.1, 98.2]). The prevalence of spp. detected by ZCF was 1%; the prevalence identified through coproantigen testing was 2.7% (95% CI [2.6, 2.8]). Among puppies and kittens <1-y-old, the prevalence according to coproantigen testing was 7.4% (95% CI [6.6, 8.2]) for puppies and 8.2% (95% CI [7.7, 8.6%]) for kittens; the prevalence detected by ZCF was 3.6% (95% CI [3.0, 3.9]) for puppies and 2.9% (95% CI [2.4, 3.4]) for kittens. Our results validate our coproantigen immunoassay as specific, precise, and sensitive.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41185535
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Rotavirus A (RVA; family , taxon species ) is a non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that has been reported from both diarrheic and non-diarrheic pigs worldwide. With significant morbidity and mortality rates in neona...Rotavirus A (RVA; family , taxon species ) is a non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that has been reported from both diarrheic and non-diarrheic pigs worldwide. With significant morbidity and mortality rates in neonatal piglets, rotavirus-associated illness adds enormous economic losses to the pig industry. Furthermore, the proximity of humans and pigs facilitates cross-species infection, which results in the formation of novel strains through genetic recombination. We aimed to detect and characterize porcine RVA (PRVA) in Haryana, India, using reverse-transcription PCR targeting the , , and genes. We detected 46 of 137 (34%) rectal swab samples as positive for PRVA, including 27 of 63 (43%) from diarrheic pigs and 19 of 74 (26%) from non-diarrheic pigs. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of genotypes I1, I5, P[13], P[6], G11, G4, and combinations of G4P[6], G4P[13], and G11P[13] in the pig population of Haryana. G4P[6] was the most common combination found, followed by G11P[13] and G4P[13]. Genotype G11 and the combinations G4P[13] and G11P[13] have not been reported previously in pigs, in India, to our knowledge. Our finding of various genotypes, and their genetic proximity to human RVA, indicates their potential zoonotic importance.
Masdefiol Garriga A, Ferreira B, Girling SJ
… +2 more, Mota SM, Morrison LR
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41185520
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An adult male western grey kangaroo () developed lameness, a stiff gait, and weight loss, and deteriorated despite medical treatment. Postmortem examination revealed a primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a...An adult male western grey kangaroo () developed lameness, a stiff gait, and weight loss, and deteriorated despite medical treatment. Postmortem examination revealed a primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with associated cardiac, pulmonary, diaphragmatic, hepatic, and vertebral metastases with lytic bone lesions. Before histologic examination, the macroscopic appearance of the liver lesions had raised concerns about mycobacteriosis. Metastatic gastric SCC has not been reported previously in a western grey kangaroo, to our knowledge.
Paiva RC, Burrough ER, Siepker CL
… +3 more, Pierdon M, Holowka A, Madson DM
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41185518
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is an important apicomplexan parasite in veterinary medicine, with swine prevalence varying due to age, geographic distribution, and production program. Samples from a 6-wk-old pig from a small backyard farm with multisy...is an important apicomplexan parasite in veterinary medicine, with swine prevalence varying due to age, geographic distribution, and production program. Samples from a 6-wk-old pig from a small backyard farm with multisystemic disease concerns were submitted to the Iowa State University-Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Gross findings included severe necrotizing enteritis with pseudomembrane formation and edematous, non-collapsing lungs. Histologic findings were severe necrotizing enterocolitis and random multifocal pulmonary and hepatic necrosis with numerous intralesional protozoal cysts consistent with . Immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR), and serologic tests were positive for ; concurrent influenza A virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus 2, African swine fever virus, and classical swine fever virus were ruled out by RT-rtPCR. Given the worldwide distribution and zoonotic potential of , the possibility of infection in swine should be considered.
Lyons H, Ouyang Z, Foster B
… +3 more, do Amaral Grossi D, Peterson S, Segev G
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41178683
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Urinary cystatin B (uCysB) is a biomarker of kidney injury in dogs and cats. A high-throughput agglutination immunoassay (Idexx Laboratories) was developed for widespread commercial availability of uCysB testing in a ref...Urinary cystatin B (uCysB) is a biomarker of kidney injury in dogs and cats. A high-throughput agglutination immunoassay (Idexx Laboratories) was developed for widespread commercial availability of uCysB testing in a reference laboratory setting. We evaluated immunoassay performance and included analyses of precision, accuracy, linearity, interference, analytical specificity, lot-to-lot variation, and stability. CVs from precision studies on the range of 50-500 ng/mL were 0.38-2.53% (canine) and 0.44-3.5% (feline) for within-run precision, and 1.49-5.09% (canine) and 0.65-5.05% (feline) for between-run precision. Accuracy was measured by recovery percentage and was 89-101% (canine) and 91-112% (feline). Amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, low concentrations of doxycycline, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, RBCs, hemoglobin, cloudiness, lipids, protein, and pH did not affect results. Urinary cystatin A did not cross-react with the uCysB immunoassay. Results of lot-to-lot linear regressions were 0.90-1.07 (slopes) and 0.97-1.00 (coefficient of determination). One or more freeze-thaw cycles and storage at 30°C impacted the immunoassay stability of canine samples but not feline samples under the same conditions. Our results validate this novel agglutination immunoassay for accurate and precise measurement of uCysB in canine and feline urine samples. For optimal immunoassay performance, samples should be kept at 4°C for a maximum of 1 wk. Our uCysB immunoassay is a useful and practical tool to be used in assessing kidney injury in canine and feline patients in the clinical setting.
Diamantino GML, Beeler-Marfisi J, Foster RA
… +3 more, Sears W, Defarges A, Bienzle D
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41178663
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Bone marrow (BM) samples in dogs are typically acquired from hematopoietically active trabecular BM at appendicular skeletal sites, such as the proximal humerus and femur, or axial skeletal sites, such as pelvis, sternum...Bone marrow (BM) samples in dogs are typically acquired from hematopoietically active trabecular BM at appendicular skeletal sites, such as the proximal humerus and femur, or axial skeletal sites, such as pelvis, sternum, and rib. Suitability for in vivo biopsy varies by site, but equivalency of BM composition at different sites is uncertain. We sought to determine whether the composition of BM is comparable in humerus, ilium, rib, and sternum. Samples from each site were obtained within 24 h after death from 30 dogs with spontaneous disease submitted for postmortem examination. Tissues were fixed in acetic acid-zinc-formalin, demineralized with EDTA, and assessed by 4 independent raters for hematopoietic cellularity, granulocytic:erythrocytic (G:E) cell ratio, megakaryocyte (MKC) number, and presence of hemosiderin. Statistical analysis showed lower cellularity, MKC number, and hemosiderin in ilium than in rib, higher cellularity in rib and sternum than in humerus and ilium, and lower G:E cell ratio in rib than in humerus ( < 0.05). Analysis of covariance indicated that most differences between sites were attributable to individual animal variation rather than site or rater. Differences overall were of small magnitude, and values for each parameter were similar to those reported in healthy younger dogs. We concluded that samples from any of the 4 sites are suitable to approximate composition of BM at the other sites.
Songsungthong W, Pornthanakasem W, Leartsakulpanich U
… +1 more, Srijuntongsiri G
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41063450
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The ability to accurately and rapidly identify causative agents of infectious diseases facilitates precise treatment, improves clinical outcomes, and augments epidemiology studies. For many veterinary and zoonotic pathog...The ability to accurately and rapidly identify causative agents of infectious diseases facilitates precise treatment, improves clinical outcomes, and augments epidemiology studies. For many veterinary and zoonotic pathogens, however, simple molecular tests for species identification are not available. causes severe diseases, such as sleepy foal disease, septicemia, and meningitis in horses and pigs. can also cause severe diseases in humans bitten by infected animals. Existing identification methods are biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene amplification followed by DNA sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS. Nonetheless, differentiating among spp. by these methods is still challenging. We identified novel DNA markers specific to by computational genome analysis. We then designed PCR primers specific to based on marker sequences. We validated 2 -specific PCR assays using genomic DNA from 10 strains of , 15 strains of other species, and 5 other bacterial species. Both assays gave the PCR products of expected sizes for genomic DNA of all 10 strains of but not for those of other and other bacterial species. Our novel PCR assays can accelerate identification and disease diagnosis, leading to timely and appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and enable high-resolution epidemiologic studies.
J Vet Diagn Invest
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41058158
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Hair cortisol quantification can be used to understand long-term stress in cats and other animals. The technique is becoming increasingly common; however, there is uncertainty as to the factors that may affect or confoun...Hair cortisol quantification can be used to understand long-term stress in cats and other animals. The technique is becoming increasingly common; however, there is uncertainty as to the factors that may affect or confound hair cortisol quantification, in particular, hair color. Although some studies show that hair of different colors has different abilities to store cortisol, others do not. We collected hair samples from 27 domestic cats with either black-and-white or ginger-and-white haircoat coloring. From each cat, 2 samples were taken, 1 of white hair and 1 of the other color (black or ginger). Samples underwent cortisol quantification by ELISA, and pairwise analysis was conducted. Hair cortisol was also compared against information provided by the cat owners regarding their cat (e.g., sex, age) and behavioral issues. Black hair contained significantly greater concentrations of cortisol than white hair ( = 0.016). Although ginger hair tended to have higher mean cortisol concentrations than white hair, the difference was not statistically significant ( = 0.613). A significant positive correlation was also found between hair cortisol and behavioral issues reported by owners ( = 0.010). To our knowledge, the impact of the color of the hair on feline hair cortisol concentrations has not been reported previously.