Psychiatry Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Developmental shift in the functional role of mind-wandering: A large-scale study on adaptive resources against depression in psychiatric outpatients.
Ogata H, Saima S, Seki M … +2 more , Nakane E, Ihara H
Psychiatry Res · 2026 May · PMID 42229022 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Mind-wandering (MW) is a transdiagnostic process, yet its functional evolution across the lifespan remains poorly understood. This study investigated developmental differences in how spontaneous (MW-S) and delib...
PURPOSE: Mind-wandering (MW) is a transdiagnostic process, yet its functional evolution across the lifespan remains poorly understood. This study investigated developmental differences in how spontaneous (MW-S) and deliberate (MW-D) mind-wandering relate to depressive symptoms, specifically whether MW-D emerges as a potential protective factor in adulthood. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1,079 psychiatric outpatients (732 adolescents; 347 adults). Assessments included the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, MW-S/MW-D scales, and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (excluding the suicidal ideation item). Hierarchical multiple regression (controlling for diagnosis) and ANOVA were employed to examine the interplay between age and MW dimensions. RESULTS: While MW-S consistently associated with higher depressive symptoms, a notable developmental shift was observed for MW-D. In adolescents, MW-D showed no significant association with depression (p = .326). Conversely, for adults, MW-D emerged as a marginal negative predictor (β = -0.095, p = .078). A significant age-by-diagnosis interaction revealed that individuals with ASD traits exhibited a unique increase in MW-D during the transition to adulthood, a trajectory not found in non-neurodevelopmental groups. CONCLUSION: The role of intentional reflection (MW-D) evolves from a non-specific trait in youth to a potential protective resource in adulthood. For adult outpatients, particularly those with neurodevelopmental traits, deliberate thought may function as an adaptive resource to mitigate distress. Clinical interventions should move toward fostering adaptive, intentional thought processes.
Longitudinal mapping of a randomized controlled trial of EEG neurofeedback in PTSD: Early symptom stabilization and implications for adjunctive therapeutic potential.
Lieberman JM, Brady B, Lanius RA … +6 more , Ros T, Théberge J, Frey BN, Bhat V, Scharnowski F, Nicholson AA
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42218852 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: PTSD is characterized by reduced alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms, reflecting cortical hyperarousal and disrupted large-scale network dynamics. Across single- and multi-session studies, alpha-desynchronizing EEG neu...
INTRODUCTION: PTSD is characterized by reduced alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms, reflecting cortical hyperarousal and disrupted large-scale network dynamics. Across single- and multi-session studies, alpha-desynchronizing EEG neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) restores alpha rhythms toward normative levels ("alpha rebound") and reduces PTSD symptoms. However, prior research has focused mainly on pre-to-post intervention changes, leaving longitudinal trajectories of therapeutic improvement and neural modulation unclear. METHODS: We conducted longitudinal mapping of clinical and neural outcomes during a 20-week randomized sham-controlled trial (RCT) of alpha-rhythm EEG-NFB in individuals with PTSD (n = 38). Participants were randomized to an experimental group receiving weekly EEG-NFB targeting alpha downregulation or a sham-control group. PTSD symptoms were assessed biweekly using the PCL-5. Alpha modulation was analyzed between and within sessions using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Active EEG-NFB produced an early and sustained therapeutic response, with the proportion of participants below the probable PTSD threshold stabilizing by approximately week 11. Only the experimental group showed consistent alpha downregulation during training and diminishing within-session alpha rebound across sessions, consistent with a ceiling effect. Greater alpha suppression and more pronounced rebound dynamics were associated with therapeutic response, indicating a direct link between neural modulation and clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first longitudinal mapping of clinical and neural trajectories in an RCT of EEG-NFB for PTSD, demonstrating early stabilization of response and identifying neural mechanisms associated with symptom improvement. These findings may inform the optimization of EEG-NFB protocols and support its role as an adjunctive, symptom-stabilizing scaffold for psychotherapy.
Changes in susceptibility to heat on suicide mortality within summer in Japan, 1973-2020: A two-stage time-series analysis.
Misawa N, Park J, Hashizume M … +1 more , Kim Y
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217405 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: We examined the changes in the risk of heat-associated suicide during the summer in Japan from 1973 to 2020. METHODS: A two-stage time-series analysis was conducted separately for daily maximum, mean, and minimu...
PURPOSE: We examined the changes in the risk of heat-associated suicide during the summer in Japan from 1973 to 2020. METHODS: A two-stage time-series analysis was conducted separately for daily maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures to examine the association between heat and suicide. In the first stage, we performed prefecture-specific analyses using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to estimate the exposure-lag-response association between temperature and suicide mortality and its within-summer variation. In the second stage, we used multivariate meta-regression to combine temperature-suicide associations across 47 prefectures and estimated the relative risks (RRs) for the 90th percentile of temperature compared with the minimum value. RESULTS: A total of 383,115 suicides were included. The RRs of suicide for maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures were 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.31), 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27), and 1.10 (95% CI 1.03-1.17), respectively. When comparing early and late summer, the RRs for maximum temperatures did not differ between the two periods (RR = 1.24 [95% CI = 1.15-1.33] and RR = 1.24 [95% CI = 1.09-1.39], respectively). However, the RR for minimum temperatures was higher in early summer (RR = 1.14 [95% CI = 1.07-1.22]) and lower in late summer (RR = 1.05 [95% CI = 0.94-1.17]). CONCLUSIONS: We found a modest late-summer decline in susceptibility to heat-associated suicide from minimum temperatures, suggesting adaptation to nighttime heat, whereas the risk associated with maximum temperatures, reflecting daytime heat, remained stable across summer.
Efficacy and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke depression: A fNIRS pilot study.
Fan Y, Zhong Y, Yu A … +9 more , Jiang X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Yao X, Huang A, Liu Y, Pu J, Bai D, Yang L
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217404 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), and to...
AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), and to explore the possible neural mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS: 28 patients were randomly assigned to the rTMS group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14). The treatment effect was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel Index (BI). In addition, fNIRS was used to detect changes in blood oxygen concentration in the frontal cortex. RESULTS: After treatment, HAMD scores in the rTMS group decreased significantly more than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in CH17 increased and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in CH6 decreased after rTMS (p < 0.05). HbR in CH6 and CH8 decreased significantly, while HbR in CH12 and CH15 increased significantly (p < 0.05). The rTMS group also showed significantly greater improvements in HAMA, NIHSS, and Barthel Index scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings from this pilot study suggest that LF-rTMS on the right DLPFC combined with conventional treatment may be a safe approach to alleviate depressive symptoms in patients with PSD. Furthermore, fNIRS revealed that the mechanism of action may be related to improving left-right brain tissue blood flow and activation balance.
Functional recovery trajectories in cannabis-induced first-episode psychosis: The role of dissociative symptoms in the discrepancy between symptomatic improvement and functional outcomes.
Ricci V, Paggi A, Martinotti G … +1 more , Maina G
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217403 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Functional recovery in cannabis-induced first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains incompletely understood. Dissociative symptoms, frequently associated with cannabis use, may represent a key but underexplored det...
BACKGROUND: Functional recovery in cannabis-induced first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains incompletely understood. Dissociative symptoms, frequently associated with cannabis use, may represent a key but underexplored determinant of functional trajectories. METHODS: This prospective cohort study followed 72 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder over 24 months. Functional recovery trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling (GMM) of GAF scores. Mediation analyses examined whether dissociation (DES) mediates the relationship between continued cannabis use and functional outcomes. RESULTS: GMM identified three trajectories: Rapid Recovery (34.7%, n = 25; GAF +29.1 points), Gradual Recovery (40.3%, n = 29; GAF +15.7 points), and Persistent Impairment (25.0%, n = 18; GAF +4.7 points). These trajectory findings should be considered exploratory given the modest sample size. Symptom-function discrepancy was observed in 31.9% of patients, characterized by significant PANSS reduction without functional gains and elevated baseline dissociation (DES=33.8 vs. 18.1, p < 0.001). Baseline dissociation independently predicted trajectory membership (OR=3.24 per SD, p < 0.001), with depersonalization/derealization showing the strongest associations. Dissociation mediated 35% of cannabis's effect on functional outcomes (β=-0.15, 95%CI [-0.25,-0.06]); combined with depression and hopelessness, psychological mediators accounted for 76% of total effect. A high-risk subgroup (elevated dissociation, depression, continued cannabis use; 22%) showed minimal improvement despite treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Dissociative symptoms represent powerful independent predictors of functional recovery in cannabis-induced FEP, partially independent of psychotic symptom resolution. Routine dissociation assessment and targeted interventions alongside cannabis cessation may optimize functional outcomes in this population.
Serum fibroblast growth factor-2 and fibroblast growth factor-9 levels in bipolar disorder: Potential biomarkers for mood episodes.
Keskin B, Erdoğan A, Küçükçetin İÖ … +6 more , Cinemre B, Metin Ö, Karabulut S, Akbaş SH, Kulaksızoğlu B, Gülkesen KH
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217402 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 (FGF-9) between patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC), and to eva...
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 (FGF-9) between patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC), and to evaluate whether these molecules could serve as potential biomarkers for mood episodes (manic/depressive). METHODS: A total of 121 patients diagnosed with BD according to DSM-5 criteria (47 euthymic, 37 manic, 37 depressive) and 67 healthy controls were included. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from all participants after 8-12 h of fasting to measure serum FGF-2 and FGF-9 levels. RESULTS: FGF-2 levels were significantly lower in the BD episode (manic+depressive) group compared to both the euthymic BD and healthy control groups, while no significant difference was found between the euthymic BD and control groups. FGF-9 levels were significantly lower in the episode group compared to the euthymic group, though the difference from healthy controls was not significant. FGF-2 and FGF-9 levels were similar between manic and depressive patients. Based on ROC curve analysis, the cut-off point for FGF-2 was ≤43.10 pg/mL (sensitivity 79.7%, specificity 44.7%, AUC = 0.681), and for FGF-9 was ≤60.50 pg/mL (sensitivity 85.1%, specificity 48.9%, AUC = 0.653). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that FGF-2 and FGF-9 may be associated with mood episode status in BD. Given the observed cut-off values and modest discriminative performance, these molecules may represent preliminary biomarker candidates, although further longitudinal validation is required.
The proportion of intellectual disability in autism spectrum disorder over two decades.
Salkić A, Tideman M, Martini MI … +10 more , Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Chang Z, D'Onofrio B, Brikell I, Kuja-Halkola R, Knez R, Gillberg C, Taylor MJ, Lundström S
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42214315 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The registered prevalence of autism has increased substantially over the past two decades, potentially impacting the co-occurrence of diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) in autism. Thus, the aim of this st...
BACKGROUND: The registered prevalence of autism has increased substantially over the past two decades, potentially impacting the co-occurrence of diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) in autism. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of ID in individuals with autism over two decades (2001-2020). METHODS: Data for this study was retrieved for individuals born between 1988-2016 from Swedish population based national registers. A total of 3,045,819 individuals were eligible for inclusion in the current study, out of whom 81,286 had autism assigned 2001-2020. The annual proportion of ID in autism was calculated across year of autism diagnosis and the Cochrane Armitage trend tests were conducted. RESULTS: From 2001-2020 the prevalence of autism increased by 800%. Among those with autism, 13,403 also had an ID diagnosis, resulting in an overall proportion of ID in autism of 16.5%. The proportion of ID in autism decreased from 55.8% in 2001 to 6.7% in 2020, with a comparable decrease in females and males. A similar trend was discerned when limiting the sample to those diagnosed with autism before age 13 and 7 years. DISCUSSION: The results of this study indicate less congruity between the autism phenotype observed today and earlier conceptualizations of autism, which often included intellectual disability (ID). The findings suggest that changes in diagnostic criteria during this period contributed to a broadening of the ways in which individuals could meet criteria for autism, encompassing a wider range of cognitive abilities.
Resting-state EEG functional connectivity predicts autistic traits in typically developing individuals.
Ullah MZ, Fulin L, Yu D
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42208307 · Publisher ↗
The dimensional approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) considers ASD as the extreme of a dimension traversing through the general population, with autistic traits continuously distributed across the general populatio...
The dimensional approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) considers ASD as the extreme of a dimension traversing through the general population, with autistic traits continuously distributed across the general population. Yet, their neurophysiological correlates in typically developing (TD) individuals remain underexplored. This study examines the associations between autistic traits, as measured by the autism spectrum quotient (AQ), and electroencephalogram (EEG) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in nonclinical populations. Resting-state EEG data were collected from 88 TD adults (43 males, 45 females; mean age 24.43 ± 5.61). To evaluate large-scale brain dynamics, 88 neurotypical subjects were measured across five frequency bands for FC metrics, including phase locking value (PLV), weighted phase lag index (WPLI), and phase lag index (PLI). We conducted multiple regression analyses between the AQ and FC across all EEG frequency bands, followed by Pearson correlations to examine the relationships between specific FC features and individual AQ subscales. Regression analyses revealed that the Delta/Theta band, particularly in PLV connectivity, significantly predicted autistic traits (FDR corrected p = 0.010 for both), with lower connectivity associated with greater autistic trait expression. Additionally, EEG Theta/Delta band PLV connectivity metrics revealed significant correlations with social skills and communication AQ subscales, core domains affected in ASD. Our findings demonstrate that EEG FC in low-frequency bands (Delta/Theta), specifically PLV connectivity, is associated with autistic traits in the general population, with correlation analyses revealing specific links to the social skills and communication AQ subscales. These results highlight Delta/Theta PLV connectivity as a sensitive physiological correlate of autistic trait expression in TD children.
Schizophrenia, variability, and the Anna Karenina principle.
Murphy M, Öngür D
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42202659 · Full text
In neuroimaging studies of people with schizophrenia there is often higher within group variance in the patient group compared to the control group. This is counterintuitive -why would a subset of people selected because...
In neuroimaging studies of people with schizophrenia there is often higher within group variance in the patient group compared to the control group. This is counterintuitive -why would a subset of people selected because they all have the same disease be more varied than the general population? We used simulated data and real neuroimaging data to identify a potential cause of elevated variance in populations of patients with schizophrenia. We demonstrated that elevated variance can arise within variables that are unrelated to disease status simply because people with a set of neurological perturbations that cause schizophrenia are more likely to have higher numbers of perturbations overall. Additionally, we showed that observed elevated variances in people with schizophrenia can be reproduced by models that only rely on perturbation count. These results highlight an important barrier in our attempts to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Standard statistical practices in schizophrenia research do not account for the fact that schizophrenia is, at every level of analysis that has been studied, highly heterogeneous. This heterogeneity by itself is sufficient to produce elevated variances.
Optimized quadrangle attention consolidated convolutional multi-scale vision transformer based autism detection.
Balasubramani J
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42202658 · Publisher ↗
Autism is a complex neurological condition characterized by repetitive behaviours, varied speech and difficulties in social interaction. Identifying autism spectrum using traditional methods alone is challenging due to i...
Autism is a complex neurological condition characterized by repetitive behaviours, varied speech and difficulties in social interaction. Identifying autism spectrum using traditional methods alone is challenging due to its complexity and variability. In order to facilitate earlier and more accurate detection, Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been developed to improve traditional diagnostic techniques. Standard diagnostic methods often struggle with reliability due to the variability and complexity of autistic individuals. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel Deep Learning (DL) based framework for efficient and accurate autism spectrum detection. The input data are first pre-processed using an Adaptive Median Gaussian Filter (AMGF) to remove noise while preserving essential image features. Then, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are employed for data augmentation, effectively overcoming dataset imbalance and security. Feature extraction is carried out using the Deep Multi-scale and multi-level enclosed attentional DarkNet (DMM-AND) model, which captures both fine-grained and high-level patterns. Finally, autism spectrum detection is performed using the Optimized Quadrangle Attention consolidated Convolutional Multi-scale Vision Transformer (OQA-CMVT) model. Here, the Random Spiral exploit chimp optimization algorithm (RS-COA) is used for the hyperparameter tuning process. The proposed technique achieves 97.96% accuracy for the autistic children's facial dataset and 98.04% for the Autism_Image_Data dataset.
Auditory verbal hallucination and suicide: a systematic review.
Lu S, Chan SKW, Hui CLM
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42202618 · Publisher ↗
Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), hearing one or more voices in the absence of a speaker, is among the most prevalent psychotic symptoms across clinical populations. While AVH is generally reported to be associated wi...
Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), hearing one or more voices in the absence of a speaker, is among the most prevalent psychotic symptoms across clinical populations. While AVH is generally reported to be associated with poor clinical outcomes, the association between AVH-specific variables and distinct suicidality dimensions is not clear. This systematic review addresses these gaps by synthesising evidence on the association between AVH and distinct suicidality dimensions that extends beyond diagnostic boundaries. A literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase to identify the relevant journal articles until the final search on December 16, 2024. Among the 1981 screened articles, 29 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The majority of studies consistently indicated significant associations between AVH and suicidal ideation, attempt, non-suicidal self-injury, and others. However, the role of AVH in the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempt remains inconclusive. Moreover, the factor that was consistently associated with suicidality appears to be the individual's appraisal of the voices, rather than the voices themselves. These findings suggest that evaluating cognitive appraisals and emotional element associated with AVH may be relevant in clinical setting when assessing suicide risk. Also, innovative interventions that directly target voice-related appraisals and distress could be explored. Future research may look into the characteristics and dimensions of AVH, as well as other particular psychotic symptoms, in relation to the ideation-to-action transition across different populations. This could help further inform the interventions to reduce the risk of suicidal behaviors and suicide.
Brain white matter microstructural integrity differences between pre-post buprenorphine-naloxone treated individuals with opioid use disorder: Evidence from a DTI study.
Kaur S, Verma A, Ghosh A … +7 more , Salan T, Ahuja C, Singh P, Modi M, Nehra R, Basu D, Govind V
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42191416 · Publisher ↗
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been linked to alterations in brain white matter microstructure, but evidence comparing pre-treatment and six-month buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) treatment remains limited. This study examine...
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been linked to alterations in brain white matter microstructure, but evidence comparing pre-treatment and six-month buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) treatment remains limited. This study examined changes in brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics before and after six months of BNX treatment in individuals with OUD and assessed the influence of concurrent cannabis and tobacco use. This pre-post study included 25 individuals with OUD initiating BNX treatment and 25 healthy controls. All participants underwent 3-Tesla brain DTI scans at baseline and at six-month follow-up. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were quantified across 48 regions of interests defined by JHU White Matter Atlas. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to examine group and time effects. At follow-up, the OUD group demonstrated widespread increases in MD, AD, RD compared with baseline and healthy controls, involving commissural, projection, and association tracts. Compared with healthy controls, the OUD group at baseline showed lower FA in key commissural and projection pathways. White matter changes after 6-month BNX treatment are modest overall but might be influenced by continued cannabis and tobacco use. Addressing concurrent substance use may be important for optimizing neurobiological recovery during buprenorphine treatment.
Response-predictive MRI biomarkers of low-dose lithium therapy: cortical thickness changes in patients with bipolar depression.
Jones GH, Suchting R, Courtes AC … +12 more , Shahani L, Lavagnino L, Leung E, da Costa SC, de Sousa RT, Beal LL, Zanetti MV, Busatto G, Soares JC, Gattaz WF, Otaduy MC, Machado-Vieira R
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42184576 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Lithium remains a cornerstone treatment for bipolar disorder, yet response rates are variable and predicting outcomes remains challenging. This study examined whether cortical thickness changes during lithi...
INTRODUCTION: Lithium remains a cornerstone treatment for bipolar disorder, yet response rates are variable and predicting outcomes remains challenging. This study examined whether cortical thickness changes during lithium treatment serve and their association with clinical outcomes in bipolar depression, aiming to characterize the neurobiological correlates of treatment response. METHODS: Twenty-three adult outpatients (17 female, 6 male; 74% bipolar II; mean age 28.5 years), medication-free and treatment-naïve, received six-week low-therapeutic lithium monotherapy (mean level 0.47±0.19 mmol/L). Cortical thickness was assessed via 3T MRI across 68 regions using multivariate Bayesian GLMMs controlling for age, sex, and subtype. RESULTS: Forty-two of 68 regions showed moderate-to-strong evidence for cortical change. Increased thickness in right rostral anterior cingulate, right isthmus cingulate, right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and right frontal pole were associated with remission. Remitters showed decreased prefrontal-cingulate thickness but increased visual-temporal thickness, suggesting localized neuroplastic effects specific to lithium response. DISCUSSION: Regional cortical thickness changes during lithium treatment represent promising neurobiological correlates of therapeutic response in bipolar depression, advancing understanding of the pathways underlying lithium's effects. Future studies should validate these findings in larger, prospective cohorts to assess their potential translational relevance.
Pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain stimulation interventions in oncologic populations with mental disorders: An umbrella review.
Fornaro M, Di Lorenzo C, De Berardis D … +6 more , Stubbs B, Veronese N, Calati R, Primavera D, Carta MG, Solmi M
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42184575 · Publisher ↗
Mental health disorders frequently co-occur with oncological conditions, prompting an umbrella review(UR) to summarize meta-analytic evidence about the outcomes of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain-stimulation int...
Mental health disorders frequently co-occur with oncological conditions, prompting an umbrella review(UR) to summarize meta-analytic evidence about the outcomes of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain-stimulation interventions for psychiatric disorders in oncologic populations. We performed an UR of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) documenting the efficacy of interventions for mental disorders in people with cancer(November 2, 2025). Re-calculated meta-analytic estimates employed the GRADE criteria for credibility. The AMSTAR-Plus Content Score was used to assess the quality of the meta-analyses. Overall, 82 meta-analyses(Number of records=111,331; primary studies=1,659) yielding 113 meta-analytic estimates were included. Five of 113 estimates were assigned a low level of certainty, and 108/113 were assigned a very low GRADE. Major depressive(55/113=48.67%) and any anxiety disorders(43/113=38.05%) emerged as the most frequently studied mental health diseases among the oncologic population. Mindfulness-based-stress-reduction for anxiety disorders in lung cancer was the only intervention significantly outperforming standard treatment(Hedges'g=-1.46; 95%C.I.=-1.89;-1.04), whereas psychotherapy for women with breast cancer who underwent surgery was inferior to waiting list(in 80% of studies) in the treatment of anxiety due to women's body image post-mastectomy(G=0.33; 95%C.I.=0.14; 0.52), with relatively higher credibility compared to other outcomes. Meta-regression suggested that psychotherapies might benefit females more than men, and that age might differentially moderate larger and smaller effects of psychotherapies in advanced cancer and any cancer, respectively. While MBSR shows relatively higher-level evidence for anxiety disorders in the oncological population, the level of evidence is low, underscoring the need for further research on alternative treatment modalities. CBT should be part of anxiety management following mastectomy.
PyramidPat explainable feature engineering for multiclass electroencephalography psychiatric disorders: Explainable feature engineering and classification.
Tasci G, Kaya S, Tasci I … +5 more , Baygin M, Yildirim K, Tasci B, Dogan S, Tuncer T
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42176366 · Publisher ↗
Deep learning has dominated modern machine learning, and feature engineering has often been neglected. Many studies still focus mainly on accuracy. Therefore, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods remain limi...
Deep learning has dominated modern machine learning, and feature engineering has often been neglected. Many studies still focus mainly on accuracy. Therefore, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods remain limited. In this research, a new explainable feature engineering (XFE) architecture, named PyramidPat XFE, is introduced. The core component is PyramidPat, a transformation-based feature extractor for multichannel signals. The pipeline has four stages: (1) PyramidPat feature extraction, (2) feature selection with INCA, (3) classification with tkNN (an iterative ensemble kNN), and (4) DLob-based explanation, which converts selected feature identities into lobe- and channel-based sentences. The evaluation is performed on a six-class EEG psychiatric disorder dataset with seven defined test cases. With leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation, the proposed model achieves accuracy above 93% in all cases and produces interpretable results for every case. These outcomes indicate that PyramidPat XFE is effective for EEG-based psychiatric disorder classification and for generating compact XAI outputs from EEG signals.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an additional treatment to cognitive behavior group therapy in adults with tobacco dependence - a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial.
Goerigk S, Burkhardt G, Padberg F … +11 more , Zeren A, Ludwig H, Rabenstein A, Kröger C, Vragolic S, Palm U, Pogarell O, Keeser D, Brunoni AR, Hasan A, Rüther T
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42166859 · Publisher ↗
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been proposed as a safe, accessible intervention for tobacco dependence. However, existing evidence is mixed and pri...
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been proposed as a safe, accessible intervention for tobacco dependence. However, existing evidence is mixed and primarily limited to short-term outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of prefrontal tDCS as an adjunct to standardized cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT) for tobacco dependence. In this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial conducted in Germany, adults with tobacco dependence defined by an Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence score >4 and CO levels >10 ppm were randomized to receive either active or sham tDCS alongside standardized group CBT. Participants underwent seven tDCS sessions followed by CBT over seven weeks. Active stimulation was delivered at 2 mA for 30 minutes over the left DLPFC (anode) and right supraorbital region (cathode). The primary outcome was abstinence at 6-month follow-up, analyzed in the modified intention-to-treat population. Of 190 individuals assessed for eligibility between July 2012 and November 2013, 54 were randomized (27 active, 27 sham), and 49 were included in the final analysis (23 male, 26 female; mean age 50.7 years, SD 12.3). At 6 months, the probability of abstinence was significantly higher in the active tDCS group (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.70), with 50% abstinent vs. 26% in the sham group. No serious adverse events were reported. This pilot trial provides initial evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of combining prefrontal tDCS with group CBT for smoking cessation. Further research should explore mechanisms and long-term outcomes. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01729507.
Changes in brain structure and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder after cognitive processing therapy.
Ota M, Sato N, Miyamae M … +4 more , Kanie A, Ito M, Kuga H, Horikoshi M
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42166843 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Previous MRI studies have shown structural and functional brain changes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, few studies have focused on brain changes between pre- and postcognitiv...
BACKGROUND: Previous MRI studies have shown structural and functional brain changes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, few studies have focused on brain changes between pre- and postcognitive processing therapy (CPT). METHODS: Twenty patients with PTSD participated in this study. They underwent MRI before and after 16-week of CPT, and the severity of illness was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Changes in regional gray matter volume, cerebral blood flow, and regional microstructure of the white matter following CPT were evaluated using MRI. RESULTS: The clinical severity of PTSD improved after CPT. There was a significant increase in fractional anisotropy in the bilateral white matter regions adjacent to the insulae and in the right periaqueductal gray area after CPT. We also found an increase in the regional cerebral blood flow in the right frontal region at the trend level. CONCLUSIONS: We detected some increases in MRI indices following treatment. These regions were frequently implicated in PTSD-related changes, suggesting that the recovery of these indices could be a biomarker for the prediction of the responsibility for the treatment of PTSD.
Short-term development of neurocognition in early-stage schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms.
Yang Y, Zhu Y, Wu R … +2 more , Jiang F, Cao D
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42161032 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In order to explore the short-term neurocognitive development of early-stage patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) schizophrenia. METHODS: This large-scale longitudinal follow-up study of patients wit...
BACKGROUND: In order to explore the short-term neurocognitive development of early-stage patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) schizophrenia. METHODS: This large-scale longitudinal follow-up study of patients with early-stage schizophrenia were recruited from the Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Neurocognition was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in schizophrenia at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Symptom profiles were determined using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), and NSD was defined as those PANSS Negative Subscale Score ≥24, while the remaining subjects are defined as non-negative symptom-dominant (N-NSD). RESULTS: All dimensions of cognitive function were significantly lower in the NSD than in the N-NSD group at baseline (All P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of follow-up, patients in NSD group showed no significant differences from the N-NSD group in any dimension of neurocognition, except for social cognition, N-NSD group still showed superior cognitive performance compared to NSD group(F = 4.906; P = 0.028; Cohen's d = 0.026). Correlation analysis shows cognitive impairment was positively associated with the severity of negative symptoms over time (All P < 0.05). The changes of PANSS scores and several neurocognitive domains differ significantly among different antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal a distinct clinical subtype in patients with schizophrenia defined by prominent negative symptoms and cognitive deficits; however, this group does not exhibit a unique trajectory in short-term neurocognitive development. Which could advance our understanding of the relationship between cognition and clinical characteristics, and provides guidance for personalized intervention strategies.
An evaluation of the differences in thalamic nuclei and subnuclei among patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
Tanrıseven E, Sağtaş E, Topak OZ … +2 more , Gündüz M, Dogruyol CA
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42161026 · Publisher ↗
AIM: This study aimed to examine volumetric differences in thalamic nuclei among patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and healthy controls to identify disorder-specific patterns of thalamic involvement...
AIM: This study aimed to examine volumetric differences in thalamic nuclei among patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and healthy controls to identify disorder-specific patterns of thalamic involvement METHODS: The study included 45 patients aged 18-65 years (25 with schizophrenia and 20 with schizoaffective disorder) without physical or neurological disease, and 26 healthy controls. Participants were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; the Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were additionally applied in the schizoaffective group. Volumes of thalamic nuclei groups (anterior, medial, intralaminar, posterior, lateral, and ventral) and their subnuclei were measured using a probabilistic atlas-based segmentation method. Group differences were evaluated using multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for age and intracranial volume. RESULTS: Patients with schizoaffective disorder showed significantly reduced total right thalamic volume (p=0.001) and reduced volumes of the ventral posterolateral (p=0.006) and ventromedial nuclei (p=0.006) compared with schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Reductions were also observed in medial and intralaminar nuclei associated with limbic function, attention,pain. CONCLUSION: Schizoaffective disorder shows greater right-sided thalamic involvement than schizophrenia. These nucleus-level differences may help clarify the pathophysiology of schizoaffective disorder and support diagnostic relevance.
Personalized DBS for treatment-resistant depression: a paradigm shift.
Khosravi M
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging · 2026 Sep · PMID 42161025 · Publisher ↗
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