Topics In Current Chemistry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Unveiling the Significance of tert-Butoxides in Transition Metal-Free Cross-Coupling Reactions.
Kumar V, Majee S, Anjali K … +2 more , Saha B, Ray D
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Oct · PMID 39394383 · Publisher ↗
The astounding reactivity of tert-butoxides in transition metal-free coupling reactions is driving the scientific community towards a new era of environmental friendly, as well as cost-effective, transformation strategie...
The astounding reactivity of tert-butoxides in transition metal-free coupling reactions is driving the scientific community towards a new era of environmental friendly, as well as cost-effective, transformation strategies. Transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions generate hazardous wastes and require harsh reaction conditions, mostly at elevated temperature, which increases not only costs but also environmental concerns regarding the methodology. Tert-butoxide-catalyzed/mediated coupling reactions have several advantages and potential applications. They can form carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom, and heteroatom-heteroatom bonds under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic insights into these reactions include both ionic and radical pathways, with the fate of the intermediates depending on the reaction conditions and/or additives used in the reactions. Among all of the known tert-butoxides, potassium tert-butoxide has pronounced applications in transition metal-free coupling reactions as compared to other tert-butoxides, such as sodium and lithium tert-butoxides, because of the higher electropositivity of potassium compared to sodium and lithium. Moreover, potassium tert-butoxide can act as a source of base, nucleophile and single electron donors in various important transformations. In this review, we provide an extensive overview and complete compilation of transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions catalyzed/promoted by tert-butoxides during the past 10 years.
Research Progress of Deep-Red to Near-Infrared Electroluminescent Materials Based on Organic Cyclometallated Platinum(II) Complexes.
Zhang C, Fang Y, He D … +5 more , Xu K, Bian Y, Li Y, Peng M, Xiong W
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Oct · PMID 39382816 · Publisher ↗
In recent years, the near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting materials have attracted increasing attention due to the broad application prospects in the fields of military industry, aerospace, lighting, display and wearable d...
In recent years, the near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting materials have attracted increasing attention due to the broad application prospects in the fields of military industry, aerospace, lighting, display and wearable devices. As the transition metal complexes, platinum(II) complexes have been shown to emit luminescence efficiently in NIR organic light-emitting diodes because of the unique d electron structure. This structure ensures that the platinum(II) complex molecules exhibit a high planarity, variety of excited states, and strong intermolecular interactions. This review summarizes the research progress of deep red to NIR organic light-emitting materials based on platinum(II) complexes in recent years and provides a certain reference for the further design and synthesis of NIR platinum(II) complex luminescent materials with superior performance.
Recent Focuses in the Syntheses and Applications of Magnetic Metal-Organic Frameworks.
Kandelous YM, Nikpassand M, Fekri LZ
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Oct · PMID 39369352 · Publisher ↗
In this article, we examine the recent uses of magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs). MMOFs can be used in various fields such as water purification, laboratory, food, environment, etc. Their materials can be compose...
In this article, we examine the recent uses of magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs). MMOFs can be used in various fields such as water purification, laboratory, food, environment, etc. Their materials can be composed of different metals and ligands, each of which has its own properties. Also, the presence of a magnetic property in these absorbents adds good features such as easy separation, faster absorption, and better interaction with other particles, which improves their application and performance. In recent years, various types of these compounds have been made, and, in this article, while classifying them, we will discuss the structure and application of some MMOFs.
A Review on Recent Development of Phenothiazine-Based Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Sensors for the Detection of Cations, Anions, and Neutral Analytes.
Ilakiyalakshmi M, Dhanasekaran K, Napoleon AA
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Sep · PMID 39237745 · Publisher ↗
This review provides an in-depth examination of recent progress in the development of chemosensors, with a particular emphasis on colorimetric and fluorescent probes. It systematically explores various sensing mechanisms...
This review provides an in-depth examination of recent progress in the development of chemosensors, with a particular emphasis on colorimetric and fluorescent probes. It systematically explores various sensing mechanisms, including metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and elucidates the mechanism of action for cation and anion chemosensors. Special attention is given to phenothiazine-based fluorescence probes, highlighting their exceptional sensitivity and rapid detection abilities for a broad spectrum of analytes, including cations, anions, and small molecules. Phenothiazine chemosensors have emerged as versatile tools widely employed in a multitude of applications, spanning environmental and biomedical fields. Furthermore, it addresses existing challenges and offers insights into future research directions, aiming to facilitate the continued advancement of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes.
Emerging Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanozymes: A New Dimension in Biomedical Research.
Jacob E, Mathew D, Benny L … +1 more , Varghese A
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Aug · PMID 39141170 · Publisher ↗
The enzyme-mimicking nature of versatile nanomaterials proposes a new class of materials categorized as nano-enzymes, ornanozymes. They are artificial enzymes fabricated by functionalizing nanomaterials to generate activ...
The enzyme-mimicking nature of versatile nanomaterials proposes a new class of materials categorized as nano-enzymes, ornanozymes. They are artificial enzymes fabricated by functionalizing nanomaterials to generate active sites that can mimic enzyme-like functions. Materials extend from metals and oxides to inorganic nanoparticles possessing intrinsic enzyme-like properties. High cost, low stability, difficulty in separation, reusability, and storage issues of natural enzymes can be well addressed by nanozymes. Since 2007, more than 100 nanozymes have been reported that mimic enzymes like peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, protease, nuclease, hydrolase, superoxide dismutase, etc. In addition, several nanozymes can also exhibit multi-enzyme properties. Vast applications have been reported by exploiting the chemical, optical, and physiochemical properties offered by nanozymes. This review focuses on the reported nanozymes fabricated from a variety of materials along with their enzyme-mimicking activity involving tuning of materials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal-oxide NPs, metal-organic framework (MOF), covalent organic framework (COF), and carbon-based NPs. Furthermore, diverse applications of nanozymes in biomedical research are discussed in detail.
The Hamilton Receptor in Supramolecular Polymer Sciences.
Wagay SA, Ali R
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jul · PMID 39033235 · Publisher ↗
Supramolecular polymers are polymeric materials of monomeric fragments, held jointly by reversible and directional non-covalent interactions such as multiple hydrogen-bonding, charge transfer effects, host-guest interact...
Supramolecular polymers are polymeric materials of monomeric fragments, held jointly by reversible and directional non-covalent interactions such as multiple hydrogen-bonding, charge transfer effects, host-guest interactions, metal coordination, and aromatic stacking. This review article on the Hamilton-based supramolecular polymers aims to shed light on the molecular recognition achievements by the Hamilton-based polymeric systems, evaluate Hamilton receptor's future prospects, and capitalize its potential applications in supramolecular chemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first elaborative and sole manuscript in which polymeric Hamilton receptors are being exposed in detail. The first portion of this manuscript is related to the importance and urgency of polymers along with the historic background of Hamilton receptors. The middle section discloses the potential applications of Hamilton-type receptors in various fields, e.g., dendrimers, mechanically polymeric rotaxanes, and self-assemblies. The final section of the manuscript discloses the future aspects and the importance of novel polymer-based Hamilton-type receptors in the modern era. We believe that this first review in this emerging yet immature field will be useful to inspire scientists around the world to find the unseen future prospects, thereby boosting the field related to this valued artificial receptor in the province of supramolecular chemistry and also in other domains of scientific fields and technology, as well.
Review on Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyaryl) Benzothiazoles (HBT) for Excited-State Intra-molecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-Based Detection of Ions and Biomolecules.
Kaur A, Chaudhary RP
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jul · PMID 39023635 · Publisher ↗
In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the synthetic strategies of 2-(2-hydroxyarylsubstituted)-benzothiazole (HBT) framework along with incorporation of various s...
In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the synthetic strategies of 2-(2-hydroxyarylsubstituted)-benzothiazole (HBT) framework along with incorporation of various substituents on phenolic and benzothiazole rings which affect the emission process. The literature, spanning the years 2015-2024, on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based studies of HBT derivatives comprising the effects of solvent polarity, substituents, and extended conjugation on fluorophores has been searched. ESIPT, intramolecular charge transfer, and aggregation-induced emissions enable these fluorescent probes to specifically interact with analytes, thereby altering their luminescence characteristics to achieve analyte detection. These fluorescent probes exhibit large Stokes shifts, high quantum yields, and excellent color transitions. Finally, the applications of HBTs as ESIPT-based fluorescent probes for the detection of cations, anions, and biomolecules have been summarized. We anticipate that this review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field and encourage researchers to develop novel ESIPT-based fluorophores with new applications.
Advances in Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Cancer Research: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications.
Einafshar E, Ghorbani A
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jul · PMID 39009867 · Publisher ↗
In the past few years, there has been notable advancement in nanotechnology, leading to the development of new materials with potential uses in the medical field, especially in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. Bla...
In the past few years, there has been notable advancement in nanotechnology, leading to the development of new materials with potential uses in the medical field, especially in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are one of the emerging nanomaterials that have generated interest due to their unique properties and potential in biomedical applications. This review aims to give a detailed overview of how BPQDs are synthesized, characterized, and utilized. The synthesis methods of BPQDs are discussed, with a focus on obtaining size-controlled and high-quality BPQDs. Two main approaches, top-down exfoliation and bottom-up techniques, are described. Despite advancements in synthesis, there are challenges hindering the practical application of BPQDs, such as poor dispersion and short durability. To address these issues, techniques to enhance biocompatibility and reduce potential toxicity, such as surface modifications, are discussed. BPQDs have potential in bioimaging as they offer higher resolution and sensitivity compared with traditional imaging agents. Their small size and expansive surface area make them suitable for drug delivery systems, enabling the effective incorporation of therapeutic substances. By functionalizing BPQDs with targeting ligands, they can selectively bind to cancer cells or tissue, making them ideal for targeted therapies. Moreover, BPQDs can serve as biosensors to detect biomarkers in bodily fluids, further expanding their biomedical applications. However, before they can be successfully translated into clinical settings, further research is needed to optimize the synthesis methods of BPQDs and evaluate their long-term safety profiles. Nonetheless, with ongoing research and development, the medical uses of BPQDs are expected to expand.
Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions: Selective Chemistries for Labeling Multiple Biomolecules Simultaneously.
Venrooij KR, de Bondt L, Bonger KM
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jul · PMID 38971884 · Full text
Bioorthogonal click chemistry has played a transformative role in many research fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. Click reactions are crucial to produce increasingly complex bioconjugates, to visualize...
Bioorthogonal click chemistry has played a transformative role in many research fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. Click reactions are crucial to produce increasingly complex bioconjugates, to visualize and manipulate biomolecules in living systems and for various applications in bioengineering and drug delivery. As biological (model) systems grow more complex, researchers have an increasing need for using multiple orthogonal click reactions simultaneously. In this review, we will introduce the most common bioorthogonal reactions and discuss their orthogonal use on the basis of their mechanism and electronic or steric tuning. We provide an overview of strategies to create reaction orthogonality and show recent examples of mutual orthogonal chemistry used for simultaneous biomolecule labeling. We end by discussing some considerations for the type of chemistry needed for labeling biomolecules in a system of choice.
The State-of-the-Art Overview to Application of Deep Learning in Accurate Protein Design and Structure Prediction.
Saharkhiz S, Mostafavi M, Birashk A … +8 more , Karimian S, Khalilollah S, Jaferian S, Yazdani Y, Alipourfard I, Huh YS, Farani MR, Akhavan-Sigari R
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jul · PMID 38965117 · Full text
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the scientific community's interest in rational protein design. The prospect of designing an amino acid sequence that can reliably fold into a desired three-dimension...
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the scientific community's interest in rational protein design. The prospect of designing an amino acid sequence that can reliably fold into a desired three-dimensional structure and exhibit the intended function is captivating. However, a major challenge in this endeavor lies in accurately predicting the resulting protein structure. The exponential growth of protein databases has fueled the advancement of the field, while newly developed algorithms have pushed the boundaries of what was previously achievable in structure prediction. In particular, using deep learning methods instead of brute force approaches has emerged as a faster and more accurate strategy. These deep-learning techniques leverage the vast amount of data available in protein databases to extract meaningful patterns and predict protein structures with improved precision. In this article, we explore the recent developments in the field of protein structure prediction. We delve into the newly developed methods that leverage deep learning approaches, highlighting their significance and potential for advancing our understanding of protein design.
Significance of Chalcone Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry.
Mazumder R, Ichudaule, Ghosh A … +2 more , Deb S, Ghosh R
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jun · PMID 38937401 · Publisher ↗
Chalcone is a simple naturally occurring α,β-unsaturated ketone with biological importance, which can also be easily synthesized in laboratories by reaction between two aromatic scaffolds. In plants, chalcones occur as p...
Chalcone is a simple naturally occurring α,β-unsaturated ketone with biological importance, which can also be easily synthesized in laboratories by reaction between two aromatic scaffolds. In plants, chalcones occur as polyphenolic compounds of different frameworks which are bioactive molecules that have been in traditional medicinal practice for many years. Chalcone-based lead molecules have been developed, possessing varied potentials such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperurecemic, and anti-ulcer effects. Chalcones contribute considerable fragments to give important heterocyclic molecules with therapeutic utilities targeting various diseases. These characteristic features have made chalcone a topic of interest among researchers and have attracted investigations into this widely applicable structure. This review highlights the extensive exploration carried out on the synthesis, biotransformations, chemical reactions, hybridization, and pharmacological potentials of chalcones, and aims to provide an extensive, thorough, and critical review of their importance, with emphasis on their properties, chemistry, and biomedical applications to boost future investigations into this potential scaffold in medicinal chemistry.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of Cannabidiol's Pharmacological Actions: A Comprehensive Research Overview.
Kalsoom I, Shehzadi K, Li HS … +2 more , Wen HL, Yu MJ
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jun · PMID 38829467 · Publisher ↗
Cannabis sativa has long been used for neurological and psychological healing. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from cannabis sativa has gained prominence in the medical field due to its non-psychotropic therapeutic...
Cannabis sativa has long been used for neurological and psychological healing. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from cannabis sativa has gained prominence in the medical field due to its non-psychotropic therapeutic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. CBD, also acting as a potent antioxidant, displays diverse clinical properties such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant, antiemetic, anxiolytic, antiepileptic, and antipsychotic effects. In this review, we summarized the structural activity relationship of CBD with different receptors by both experimental and computational techniques and investigated the mechanism of interaction between related receptors and CBD. The discovery of structural activity relationship between CBD and target receptors would provide a direction to optimize the scaffold of CBD and its derivatives, which would give potential medical applications on CBD-based therapies in various illnesses.
What Should be Considered While Designing Hole-Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells? A Special Attention to Thiophene-Based Hole-Transporting Materials.
Purushothaman P, Karpagam S
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Jun · PMID 38829461 · Publisher ↗
The molecular design and conformations of hole-transporting materials (HTM) have unravelled a strategy to enhance the performance of environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells (PSC). Several attempts have been ma...
The molecular design and conformations of hole-transporting materials (HTM) have unravelled a strategy to enhance the performance of environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells (PSC). Several attempts have been made and several are underway for improving the efficiency of PSCs by designing an efficient HTM, which is crucial to preventing corrosion, facilitating effective hole transportation, and preventing charge recombination. There is a need for a potential alternative to the current market-dominating HTM due to its high cost of production, dopant requirements, moisture sensitivity, and low stability. Among several proposed HTMs, molecules derived from thiophene exhibit unique behaviour, such as the interaction with under-coordinated Pb, thereby facilitating the passivation of surface defects in the perovskite layer. In addition, coupling a suitable side chain imparts a hydrophobic character, eventually leading to the development of a moisture-sensitive and highly stable PSC. Furthermore, thiophene-backboned polymers with ionic pendants have been employed as an interfacial layer between PSC layers, with the backbone facilitating efficient charge transfer. This perspective article comprehensively presents the design strategy, characterization, and function of HTMs associated with thiophene-derived molecules. Hence, it is observed that thiophene-formulated HTMs have an enhanced passivation effect, good performance in an open-circuit environment, longevity, humidity resistance, thermostability, good hole extraction, and mobility in a dopant-free condition. For a better understanding, the article provides a comparative description of the activity and function of thiophene-based small molecules and polymers and their effect on device performance.
Properties, Synthesis and Emerging Applications of Graphdiyne: A Journey Through Recent Advancements.
Nidhi HV, Koppad VS, Babu AM … +1 more , Varghese A
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 May · PMID 38762848 · Publisher ↗
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new variant of nano-carbon material with excellent chemical, physical and electronic properties. It has attracted wide attention from researchers and industrialists for its extensive role in the fie...
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new variant of nano-carbon material with excellent chemical, physical and electronic properties. It has attracted wide attention from researchers and industrialists for its extensive role in the fields of optics, electronics, bio-medics and energy. The unique arrangement of sp-sp carbon atoms, linear acetylenic linkages, uniform pores and highly conjugated structure offer numerous potentials for further exploration of GDY materials. However, since the material is at its infancy, not much understanding is available regarding its properties, growth mechanism and future applications. Therefore, in this review, readers are guided through a brief discussion on GDY's properties, different synthesis procedures with a special focus on surface functionalization and a list of applications for GDY. The review also critically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis route and emphasizes the future scope of the material.
Indole as a Versatile Building Block in Cycloaddition Reactions: Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Frameworks.
Baruah B, Pegu CD, Deb ML
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 May · PMID 38758483 · Publisher ↗
Indole, a ubiquitous and structurally versatile aromatic compound, has emerged as a key player in the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks via cycloaddition reactions. These reactions are completely atom-economic...
Indole, a ubiquitous and structurally versatile aromatic compound, has emerged as a key player in the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks via cycloaddition reactions. These reactions are completely atom-economical and, hence, are considered as green reactions. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the pivotal role played by indole in the construction of complex and biologically relevant heterocyclic compounds. Here we explore the chemistry of indole-based cycloadditions, highlighting their synthetic utility in accessing a wide array of heterocyclic architectures, including cyclohepta[b]indoles, tetrahydrocarbazoles, tetrahydroindolo[3,2-c]quinoline, and indolines, among others. Additionally, we discuss the mechanistic insights that underpin these transformations, emphasizing the strategic importance of indole as a building block. The content of this article will certainly encourage the readers to explore more work in this area.
Computational Organic Chemistry: The Frontier for Understanding and Designing Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions.
Svatunek D
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 May · PMID 38727989 · Full text
Computational organic chemistry has become a valuable tool in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, offering insights and aiding in the progression of this branch of chemistry. In this review, I present an overview of co...
Computational organic chemistry has become a valuable tool in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, offering insights and aiding in the progression of this branch of chemistry. In this review, I present an overview of computational work in this field, including an exploration of both the primary computational analysis methods used and their application in the main areas of bioorthogonal chemistry: (3 + 2) and [4 + 2] cycloadditions. In the context of (3 + 2) cycloadditions, detailed studies of electronic effects have informed the evolution of cycloalkyne/1,3-dipole cycloadditions. Through computational techniques, researchers have found ways to adjust the electronic structure via hyperconjugation to enhance reactions without compromising stability. For [4 + 2] cycloadditions, methods such as distortion/interaction analysis and energy decomposition analysis have been beneficial, leading to the development of bioorthogonal reactants with improved reactivity and the creation of orthogonal reaction pairs. To conclude, I touch upon the emerging fields of cheminformatics and machine learning, which promise to play a role in future reaction discovery and optimization.
Coumarin-Synthetic Methodologies, Pharmacology, and Application as Natural Fluorophore.
Gupta D, Guliani E, Bajaj K
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 May · PMID 38722386 · Publisher ↗
Coumarins are secondary metabolites made up of benzene and α-pyrone rings fused together that can potentially treat various ailments, including cancer, metabolic, and degenerative disorders. Coumarins are a diverse categ...
Coumarins are secondary metabolites made up of benzene and α-pyrone rings fused together that can potentially treat various ailments, including cancer, metabolic, and degenerative disorders. Coumarins are a diverse category of both naturally occurring as well as synthesized compounds with numerous biological and therapeutic properties. Coumarins as fluorophores play a key role in fluorescent labeling of biomolecules, metal ion detection, microenvironment polarity detection, and pH detection. This review provides a detailed insight into the characteristics of coumarins as well as their biosynthesis in plants and metabolic pathways. Various synthetic strategies for coumarin core involving both conventional and green methods have been discussed comparing advantages and disadvantages of each method. Conventional methods discussed are Pechmann, Knoevenagel, Perkin, Wittig, Kostanecki, Buchwald-Hartwig, and metal-induced coupling reactions such as Heck and Suzuki, as well as green approaches involving microwave or ultrasound energy. Various pharmacological applications of coumarin derivatives are discussed in detail. The structural features and conditions responsible for influencing the fluorescence of coumarin core are also elaborated.
Advances in the Synthesis of Bioorthogonal Reagents: s-Tetrazines, 1,2,4-Triazines, Cyclooctynes, Heterocycloheptynes, and trans-Cyclooctenes.
Fang Y, Hillman AS, Fox JM
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 May · PMID 38703255 · Full text
Aligned with the increasing importance of bioorthogonal chemistry has been an increasing demand for more potent, affordable, multifunctional, and programmable bioorthogonal reagents. More advanced synthetic chemistry tec...
Aligned with the increasing importance of bioorthogonal chemistry has been an increasing demand for more potent, affordable, multifunctional, and programmable bioorthogonal reagents. More advanced synthetic chemistry techniques, including transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, photoinduced chemistry, and continuous flow chemistry, have been employed in synthesizing novel bioorthogonal reagents for universal purposes. We discuss herein recent developments regarding the synthesis of popular bioorthogonal reagents, with a focus on s-tetrazines, 1,2,4-triazines, trans-cyclooctenes, cyclooctynes, hetero-cycloheptynes, and -trans-cycloheptenes. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most representative synthetic approaches of these reagents and their derivatives that are useful in bioorthogonal chemistry. The preparation of these molecules and their derivatives utilizes both classical approaches as well as the latest organic chemistry methodologies.
Water-Soluble Small Organic Fluorophores for Oncological Theragnostic Applications: Progress and Development.
Haque A, Alenezi KM, Alsukaibi AKD … +2 more , Al-Otaibi AA, Wong WY
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Apr · PMID 38671325 · Publisher ↗
Cancer is one of the major noncommunicable diseases, responsible for millions of deaths every year worldwide. Though various cancer detection and treatment modalities are available today, many deaths occur owing to its l...
Cancer is one of the major noncommunicable diseases, responsible for millions of deaths every year worldwide. Though various cancer detection and treatment modalities are available today, many deaths occur owing to its late-stage detection and metastatic nature. Noninvasive detection using luminescence-based imaging tools is considered one of the promising techniques owing to its low cost, high sensitivity, and brightness. Moreover, these tools are unique and valuable as they can detect even the slightest changes in the cellular microenvironment. To achieve this, a fluorescent probe with strong tumor uptake and high spatial and temporal resolution, especially with high water solubility, is highly demanded. Recently, several water-soluble molecules with emission windows in the visible (400-700 nm), first near-infrared (NIR-I, 700-1000 nm), and second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) windows have been reported in literature. This review highlights recently reported water-soluble small organic fluorophores/dyes with applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. We systematically highlight and describe the key concepts, structural classes of fluorophores, strategies for imparting water solubility, and applications in cancer therapy and diagnosis, i.e., theragnostics. We discuss examples of water-soluble fluorescent probes based on coumarin, xanthene, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and cyanine cores. Some other emerging classes of dyes based on carbocyclic and heterocyclic cores are also discussed. Besides, emerging molecular engineering methods to obtain such fluorophores are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this research area are also delineated.
Pushing Boundaries: What's Next in Metal-Free C-H Functionalization for Sulfenylation?
Rani P, Chahal S, Singh R … +1 more , Sindhu J
Top Curr Chem (Cham) · 2024 Apr · PMID 38607428 · Publisher ↗
The synthesis of thioether derivatives has been explored widely due to the potential application of these derivatives in medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical industry and material chemistry. Within this context, there has...
The synthesis of thioether derivatives has been explored widely due to the potential application of these derivatives in medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical industry and material chemistry. Within this context, there has been an increasing demand for the environmentally benign construction of C-S bonds via C-H functionalization under metal-free conditions. In the present article, we highlight recent developments in metal-free sulfenylation that have occurred in the past three years. The synthesis of organosulfur compounds via a metal-free approach using a variety of sulfur sources, including thiophenols, disulfides, sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfonyl chlorides, elemental sulfur and sulfinates, is discussed. Non-conventional strategies, which refer to the development of thioether derivatives under visible light and electrochemically mediated conditions, are also discussed. The key advantages of the reviewed methodologies include broad substrate scope and high reaction yields under environmentally benign conditions. This comprehensive review will provide chemists with a synthetic tool that will facilitate further development in this field.
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