Archives Of Clinical Neuropsychology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Mapping Longitudinal Psychiatric Signatures in Huntington's Disease.
De Paepe AE, Giannoula A, Garcia-Gorro C … +7 more , Rodriguez-Dechicha N, Vaquer I, Calopa M, Sanz F, Furlong LI, de Diego-Balaguer R, Camara E
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39909861 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Although Huntington's disease is characterized by motor onset, psychiatric disturbances may present years prior and affect functioning. However, there is inter-individual variability in psychiatric expression...
OBJECTIVE: Although Huntington's disease is characterized by motor onset, psychiatric disturbances may present years prior and affect functioning. However, there is inter-individual variability in psychiatric expression and progression. This study therefore strives to stratify longitudinal psychiatric signatures that may inform Huntington's disease prognosis, with potential clinical applications. METHODS: Forty-six Huntington's disease gene carriers (21 premanifest, 25 manifest; 31 female; age range 25-69) underwent short-Problem Behavior Assessment for depression, irritability, apathy, and dysexecutive behaviors for up to six longitudinal visits. The Disease Trajectories software, a machine-learning approach, was employed to perform unsupervised clustering of psychiatric trajectories. Linear fits were calculated for each cluster. Lastly, the main clusters of shared trajectories were assessed for group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The Disease Trajectories analysis software identified two main psychiatric patterns comprising premanifest and manifest patients that explained 54% of the sample. These two clusters evinced a dissociation in the development of depression and irritability; the first cluster was defined by increasing irritability with no depression and the second by a rise-and-fall in depression with no irritability. Both clusters showed a longitudinal increase in clinically relevant apathy and dysexecutive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Ultimately, through the detection of individual-level psychiatric trajectories with machine-learning, this exploratory study reveals that a dissociation of depression and irritability is apparent even in premanifest stages. These findings underscore individual differences in the severity of longitudinal multivariate clinical characteristics for real-world patient stratification, with implications for precision medicine.
Switching and its Impact on Perseveration in a Verbal Fluency Task: a Study in Persons With Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome.
Dubey N, Basu J, Pandey D … +1 more , Ghosh A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39907287 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The relationship between perseveration and switching in semantic verbal fluency tasks and the possible role of self-generated interference one must overcome before switching back to a previously visited subcat...
OBJECTIVE: The relationship between perseveration and switching in semantic verbal fluency tasks and the possible role of self-generated interference one must overcome before switching back to a previously visited subcategory has not been explored. PARTICIPANTS & METHOD: We studied the performance on semantic verbal fluency in 60 cognitively unimpaired subjects, 30 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 30 patients with Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome-dementia (ACS-Dementia). Our primary analysis focused on the association of switching and switchback with the first perseverative error. RESULTS: Perseveration was significantly associated with switchback in all three groups (χ2 = 24.88, p < .001). Within-cluster perseverations were few. The number of switchbacks was the only significant variable to predict perseverative responses (p < .01). Moving from cognitively unimpaired to aMCI to ACS-Dementia, progressively fewer switches and switchbacks were needed to trigger perseveration. In over half of the perseverations after a switchback in the cognitively unimpaired and aMCI groups and in over a third in the ACS-Dementia group, the subjects had already activated a new word in the switched back subcategory. CONCLUSION: Switching between subcategories and subsequent switchback play an important role in triggering perseverations in semantic verbal fluency tasks in the cognitively unimpaired as well as in aMCI and ACS-Dementia. Self-generated interference caused by repeated switching may overwhelm the working memory capacity enough to reactivate a previously suppressed response when revisiting an earlier subcategory. Our findings may facilitate a deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying perseveration in semantic fluency tests.
Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project: Robust Age- and Regression-Based Demographic Norms for the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status and Select Neuropsychological Tests in Older Adults.
Freilich BM, Scharaga E, Holtzer R
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39907079 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study introduces the Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project (MERGER-NP), which provides robust normative data for older adults on the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBAN...
OBJECTIVE: This study introduces the Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project (MERGER-NP), which provides robust normative data for older adults on the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and other select neuropsychological tests. METHOD: Age-stratified and regression-based demographic norms were derived from a robust sample of older adults (n = 420, mean age = 75.55, 68% female). The study included assessments using the RBANS, Trail Making Test, Digit-Symbol Coding, a 15-item version of the Boston Naming Test, and verbal fluency tests, along with word reading measures. Regression-based norms were generated by analyzing predictors of test performance, integrating demographic variables and measurable social determinants of health (SDOH), specifically word reading ability and occupational attainment. RESULTS: Normative data include convenient look-up tables for the RBANS and other tests. Findings indicate that word reading measures significantly predict neuropsychological performance, accounting for up to 41% of the variance when included with demographic variables. Notably, our analyses revealed that race often did not contribute unique variance when controlling for reading ability. Additionally, occupation was identified as a significant predictor of test performance, with Job Zone scores retained in approximately 60% of regression models. CONCLUSIONS: The MERGER-NP enhances existing normative data by integrating robust norms with regression-based methods, facilitating more precise assessments for older adults. The findings underscore the utility of including SDOH such as reading ability and occupation into normative approaches, with important implications for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care in clinical settings. Future research should explore the generalizability of these norms to more diverse populations.
Normative Data for the Modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT) in the French-Quebec Population Aged Between 50 and 89 Years.
St-Hilaire A, Fuduche C, Belzile F … +2 more , Macoir J, Hudon C
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39902851 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normative data for the modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT), considering sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and educational level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hun...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normative data for the modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT), considering sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and educational level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-nine middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 years and older were recruited from the French-speaking population in Quebec (Canada). The m-LLT procedure described by Kessels et al. (2006) was used. Percentiles were derived for performance scores (Trial 1, Total Displacement Score, Learning Index, Delayed Recall Displacements), stratified by sociodemographic characteristics where appropriate. RESULTS: Regarding the sex variable, the number of displacements in Trial 1 and for the Total Displacement Score were higher in men than in women. Age was positively associated with the Total Displacement Score and Delayed Recall Displacements and negatively associated with the Learning Index. Education was positively associated with the Learning Index and Delayed Recall Displacements. Two-thirds of the normative sample achieved a perfect score on the fifth and final learning trial. CONCLUSIONS: Learning was better in women than in men, which may be explained by the use of verbal and nonverbal strategies and environmental awareness favoring women. The decline in learning and retrieval with age can be explained, among other reasons, by a less strategic approach during the encoding phase, a decline in other cognitive domains, or poorer imagery-based representations of the stimuli. The associations between education, strategic retrieval, and cognitive reserve are discussed. Overall, these normative data will enhance the detection of cognitive decline in geriatric clinical or research settings.
Comparison of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale in an Older Adult Neurology Clinic Sample.
Stypulkowski K, Rodrigues J, Cieri F … +3 more , Pudumjee SB, Butler Pagnotti RM, Wong CG
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39901794 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a commonly used anxiety measure, but it was not specifically designed for use among older adults. Previous research has raised concern that it may inflate anxiety ratings am...
OBJECTIVE: The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a commonly used anxiety measure, but it was not specifically designed for use among older adults. Previous research has raised concern that it may inflate anxiety ratings among older adults because of its emphasis on physical symptoms. The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) is designed for older adults but has not been examined in a neurology clinic setting. This study sought to compare the psychometric properties of the BAI and the GAS in an older adult neurology clinic sample. An exploratory aim was to determine the influence of motor symptoms on anxiety scores. METHOD: Participants included 68 adults age 60+ referred for a neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient neurology clinic. Measures included the BAI, GAS, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Psychometric properties were determined. A McNemar test compared the proportion of anxiety classifications between the BAI and GAS. Referral source (cognitive disorder versus movement-oriented teams) was used as a proxy for grouping patients who were likely to have prominent motor symptoms versus those who were not. An independent t-test compared scale performance between these groups to examine the influence of motor symptoms on anxiety ratings. RESULTS: Both scales had good internal consistency (GAS α = 0.93; BAI α = 0.88). Convergent validity (GAS and BAI: r = 0.81, p < .001) and discriminant validity (GAS and MoCA, r = 0.18, p = .20) were supported. The BAI detected anxiety among 40% of participants, while the GAS detected anxiety among 56%, which was a statistically significant difference (p = .002). Anxiety ratings did not differ based on referral source (t(66) = -1.59, p = .12). CONCLUSION: Both scales had good psychometric properties, though the GAS detected a higher rate of anxiety compared to the BAI despite having less focus on motor symptoms that could be attributed to age-related physical changes or movement disorders. The GAS may capture aspects of anxiety not assessed by the BAI among older adults.
The Effect of Body Expressions on the Learning Process and Facial Recognition among Healthy Participants and Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury: Examination Using Eye Movements.
Lugasi N, Sachar Y, Vakil E
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39899353 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Context-dependent effect (CDE) is a process by which reinstating at test the original learning context enhances the recall ability of the material being studied. Although recognition by people with traumatic b...
OBJECTIVE: Context-dependent effect (CDE) is a process by which reinstating at test the original learning context enhances the recall ability of the material being studied. Although recognition by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorer than that of healthy controls, both groups show CDE equally. In the current study, we seek to test the effect of body emotional expressions as contextual information, on facial recognition, and eye movements. METHOD: Twenty-four healthy individuals and 27 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI participated in the study. Participants were exposed to photos of people with neutral facial and body expressions and were asked to remember the people for a subsequent memory test. In the testing session, they were asked to determine whether the person presented to them had appeared before, under two conditions: (1) where the context remains constant (facial and body expressions remained neutral-Repeat condition) and (2) where the context changes (facial expression remained neutral but the body expression changed to angry or happy-Re-pair condition). RESULTS: While the memory of the individuals with TBI was poorer than that of the controls, both groups exhibited equal CDE. We found that both groups, controls more than TBI, spent most of their time looking at the head. Furthermore, longer dwell time was associated with better recognition in the study phase. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that despite impaired memory following TBI compared to a control group, CDE was preserved. The current study extends the context effect to body postures that express emotion.
The TDQ-60 Tr-a Picture-Naming Test to Assess Anomia in Turkish Adults and the Elderly: Normative Data and Validation Study in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Karalı FS, Tosun S, Eskioğlu Eİ … +2 more , Çınar N, Macoir J
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39881515 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Anomia is defined by difficulty in retrieving content words like nouns and verbs from long-term memory, independent of any impairments related to articulatory movements or motor speech execution. The tools for...
OBJECTIVE: Anomia is defined by difficulty in retrieving content words like nouns and verbs from long-term memory, independent of any impairments related to articulatory movements or motor speech execution. The tools for measuring picture naming, the conventional method for assessing anomia, are very limited in Turkey. The aim of this study was to adapt the Test de Dénomination de Québec-60 images/Quebec picture-naming test-60 pictures (TDQ-60), a color picture-naming test for adults and the elderly into Turkish, establish its validity, and develop normative data adapted to the Turkish population to address this gap. METHOD: We conducted three separate studies. The objective of Study 1 was to culturally adapt the Test de Dénomination de Québec-60 images. In Study 2, we developed normative data for the TDQ-60 Tr adapted to the adult and elderly population in Turkey based on the performance of 414 community residents aged 18 years and older. In Study 3, the known-group validity, the convergent validity, and the test-retest validity of the TDQ-60 Tr were determined. RESULTS: The results show that the TDQ-60 Tr is reliable in distinguishing participants with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment from healthy participants. The TDQ-60 Tr measures the same cognitive construct as the Boston Naming Test and also has a high test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the TDQ-60 Tr is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing naming abilities in adults and the elderly. The results of this study have significant implications for the assessment of naming ability in Turkish-speaking patients. Our work serves as a crucial connection to address the lack of tools for diagnosing anomia in Turkey.
Comparison of Telehealth Versus Face-to-Face Administration of the Oral Trail Making Test in Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment: A Brief Report.
Fatima H, Helphrey J, Ahmed D … +2 more , Tamez I, Cullum CM
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39838602 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance reliability of the Oral Trail Making Test (OTMT) in face-to-face (FTF) and teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) conditions among older individuals with and without cognitive impairment. MET...
OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance reliability of the Oral Trail Making Test (OTMT) in face-to-face (FTF) and teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) conditions among older individuals with and without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Two hundred participants (with [n = 81], and without cognitive impairment [n = 119]) completed the OTMT in both conditions, in a counterbalanced design. Paired sample t-tests compared OTMT scores and intra-class correlation coefficients examined the degree of agreement between the two testing conditions for both diagnostic groups. RESULTS: For both groups, mean scores were similar across test conditions, with small yet statistically significant differences for OTMT-A (p < .001), though OTMT-B scores did not significantly differ (p-values: .702-.749). Despite substantial variability in OTMT scores, there was a strong agreement between testing formats for OTMT-A (α values = 0.845-0.939) and moderate to strong agreement for OTMT-B scores (α-values = 0.657-0.837). CONCLUSIONS: OTMT administration may be feasible and reliable for TeleNP, though caution is advised for clinicians when interpreting overall test performances given large score variability.
Neuropsychological Profile in Older Adults with End-Stage Kidney Disease during Kidney Transplantation Evaluation.
Pongan E, Rouch I, Vernaudon J … +5 more , Bachelet R, Novais T, Coste MH, Edjolo A, Garnier-Crussard A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39829263 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: End-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant concern for older adults and is often associated with cognitive impairment (CI). The origin of this CI is multifactorial, involving vascular and metabol...
BACKGROUND: End-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant concern for older adults and is often associated with cognitive impairment (CI). The origin of this CI is multifactorial, involving vascular and metabolic factors. Additionally, renal treatments, including dialysis, may affect cognition. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological profiles of these patients and understand the effects of dialysis treatment. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective study including older adults with end-stage CKD attending for kidney transplantation (KT). Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were conducted. Composite cognitive scores were computed. Multivariate regression models were used to assess associations between cognition and dialysis status. RESULTS: We included 223 patients (151 treated with dialysis, 72 with conservative management), mean age of 73.5 ± 3.4. We observed a high prevalence of CI, around 30% for global cognition and affecting all neuropsychological domains. Patients treated with dialysis exhibited lower cognitive performance compared to those not undergoing dialysis, particularly in episodic (p = .031) and working memory (p = .024). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the high prevalence of CI in end-stage CKD, with dialysis being associated with worse episodic and working memory compared to non-dialyzed participants. Future investigations are needed to track the long-term cognitive trajectory of patients on the KT waiting list and post-transplantation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered, no 22-808 on July 7th, 2022, CNIL register number 22-5808.
Cognitive Functioning in Females with Endometriosis-Associated Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Literature Review.
Berryman A, Machado L
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39826909 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive complaints are commonplace among women living with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP); yet, surprisingly few studies have assessed their cognitive functioning. As an initial step to a...
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive complaints are commonplace among women living with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP); yet, surprisingly few studies have assessed their cognitive functioning. As an initial step to address the resulting knowledge gap, this review aimed to synthesize the current literature reporting on cognition in females with endometriosis-associated CPP, and due to the poverty of endometriosis studies, to draw on data from female cohorts with other chronic pain conditions to gain potentially relevant insights. METHODS: Three database searches were conducted (Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO). Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 8 regarding endometriosis, n = 10 regarding other chronic pain conditions). RESULTS: Six of the seven studies employing objective cognitive measures in females with other chronic pain reported significant cognitive deficits. Associated changes in neural circuitry thought to underpin these deficits align with neural patterns reported in females with endometriosis-associated CPP. While two studies reported a high prevalence (≥60%) of self-reported cognitive impairment in endometriosis-associated CPP, objective performance deficits have not been reported. Nonetheless, self-reported accounts of cognitive impairment suggest females with endometriosis-associated CPP may experience difficulties with inhibition, attention, and memory. Most studies did not control for potential moderating factors and comorbidities that prevail among endometriosis populations. CONCLUSION: The field is in desperate need of research assessing cognitive performance in females with endometriosis-associated CPP, to objectively determine any cognitive difficulties. Attention should be paid to likely moderators, pain-related mechanisms, and whether findings extend to endometriosis without CPP.
Remote and Cross-Cultural Training of Research Assistants Abroad to Conduct Neuropsychological Tests: Lessons Learned.
Stimmel MB, Adhikari D, Ayers E … +3 more , Jacob S, Verghese J, Weiss EF
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39780581 · Full text
There are no published guidelines regarding remotely training research assistants (RAs) to conduct neuropsychological tests. With technological advances allowing for increased international collaboration within the medic...
There are no published guidelines regarding remotely training research assistants (RAs) to conduct neuropsychological tests. With technological advances allowing for increased international collaboration within the medical and research communities, challenges often arise from such partnerships, including linguistic, cultural, and physical barriers. A notable challenge for supervising neuropsychologists in international projects is the physical distance from RAs, sites, and materials, making training/supervision of RAs and monitoring test data quite challenging. In the context of a research collaboration between neuropsychologists based in New York and RAs based in Kerala, India, as part of the Kerala-Einstein Study, we explore the obstacles of remotely training RAs and maintaining neuropsychological data integrity. We share lessons learned and systems developed to optimize remote, multilingual, cross-cultural training of RAs in administration/scoring of neuropsychological tests. One-on-one video training sessions mitigated logistical problems (i.e., time differences, internet connection, language comfort). Individualized training in scoring and a centralized individual to double-score protocols addressed quality assurance of test data. Close collaboration between our teams was necessary for cultural competency, particularly when building an appropriate test battery, creating and translating manuals, and adapting protocols. Finally, frequent and ongoing communication channels ensured excellence in study design, information gathering, and data quality. Future studies should continue highlighting strategies for remotely training psychometrics/RAs in neuropsychological administration.
Evaluating the Equivalency of Teletesting and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Measures of Reading Achievement in a Clinically Referred Sample.
Lieb RW, Jacobson LA, Kalb LG … +6 more , Pritchard AE, McDermott SM, Ludwig NN, Peterson RK, Ng R, Wexler D
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39780535 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to build an evidence base to support teletesting as an equivalent modality for standardized neuropsychological assessment. As such, the purpose of this study was twof...
OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to build an evidence base to support teletesting as an equivalent modality for standardized neuropsychological assessment. As such, the purpose of this study was twofold. First, this study evaluated teletesting equivalency of standardized reading achievement measures during COVID-19 in children ages 6-16. Further, to examine the impact of COVID-19 on reading, achievement scores were compared in two samples of children assessed before and during COVID-19. METHODS: Participants were referred for testing at an outpatient neuropsychology clinic at an urban, academic medical center. Aim one compared assessments administered in-person (n = 1039) versus teletesting (n = 283). A two one-sided test (TOST) was used to determine equivalency. Aim two compared children seen pre-COVID-19 (n = 2125) and during COVID-19 (n = 1322) including a subsample of elementary school-aged children. One-way analyses of covariance were employed, with insurance type and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition Matrix Reasoning (as a proxy for nonverbal IQ) included as covariates. RESULTS: Results showed equivalence in reading achievement scores administered via teletesting compared to in-person during COVID-19. For aim two, Nonsense Word Decoding scores were significantly higher for the COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (p = 0.03). No other significant differences in reading scores were found between groups, including no differences among a subsample of elementary school-aged children (ages 6-10; all ps > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This provides additional support for teletesting equivalency and suggests the negative impact of COVID-19 on foundational reading skills is less than predicted in a clinically referred sample.
Social Determinants of Health and Cross-Sectional Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in Adults from the Deep South Living with HIV.
Del Bene VA, Fazeli PL, Blake JA … +7 more , Li W, Collette C, Triebel KL, Byun JY, Jacob AE, Kamath V, Vance DE
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39778187 · Publisher ↗
Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) is a sensitive marker of neuropathology and is increased in people with HIV (PWH). In a sample of PWH from the United States Deep South, we examined the relationship of cognit...
Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) is a sensitive marker of neuropathology and is increased in people with HIV (PWH). In a sample of PWH from the United States Deep South, we examined the relationship of cognitive IIV with cognitive impairment and social determinants of health (SDoH). This secondary analysis included 131 PWH from a larger cognitive training protocol. Our primary outcome measure was the coefficient of variation (CoV). We also included the individual standard deviation (iSD), with both calculated from demographically adjusted T-scores and unadjusted sample-based scores. Mixed-effects models investigated the relationship between IIV and cognitive impairment severity (i.e., Global Rating Score), SDoH, and clinical variables. Bivariate correlations were used to further explore these relationships. Greater cognitive IIV was associated with greater cognitive impairment in PWH, when accounting for demographic factors. When IIV is calculated from the sample, then IIV is no longer associated with cognitive impairment, but is associated with race (>IIV in Black and African American participants). Demographically adjusted IIV is associated with global cognition, Wide Range Achievement Test-Fourth Edition reading score, and viral load (iSD only). No correlations were significant when using the unadjusted sample-based IIV metrics. In PWH from the Deep South, greater cognitive variability is seen in those with greater cognitive impairment, in Black participants, and in those with lower reading scores. Further research on the psychometric properties of IIV in HIV and other populations is needed, as results varied depending on the normative adjustments.
Replicating the Expected and the Unexpected: Neuropsychological and Symptom Profiles in a Neurotypical Romanian-English Bilingual Sample.
Crișan I, Bunghez C, Avram L … +2 more , Pîrciu A, Erdodi LA
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39778164 · Publisher ↗
Establishing the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on cognitive performance within linguistically diverse populations is central to cross-cultural neuropsychological assessments. The present study was designed...
Establishing the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on cognitive performance within linguistically diverse populations is central to cross-cultural neuropsychological assessments. The present study was designed to replicate previous research on cognitive profiles in Romanian-English bilinguals. Seventy-six participants (54 women, MAge = 23.16, SDAge = 5.91; MEducation = 14.49, SDEducation = 1.57) completed a neuropsychological battery in English. The Digit Span, Animal and Emotion Fluency, and several symptom-report scales were also administered in Romanian. Performance patterns were similar to previous findings: verbal fluency, auditory verbal learning, and picture and speeded color naming were highly sensitive to LEP. In contrast, visuomotor processing speed and mental flexibility were robust to LEP. Participants performed better when ability tests were administered in their native language; there was no difference on symptom inventories. Test performance was related to the degree of LEP, operationalized as performance on the Boston Naming Test-Short Form. Level of verbal mediation and LEP are independent predictors of cognitive performance. Administering tests in the native language may provide a more accurate measure of cognitive functioning in examinees with LEP (especially at the low end of English proficiency). Developing population-specific norms is a necessary safeguard against the multiple confounding factors in the neuropsychological assessment of individuals with LEP.
Rates and Predictors of Performance Validity Test Failure in Adults Treated for Post-COVID-19 Condition: a Brief Report.
Clark PA, Horn S, Wang N … +4 more , Lyketsos CG, Parker AM, Oh ES, Vannorsdall TD
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39745850 · Full text
>OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Few studies have examined rates and predictors of cognitive performance validity test (PVT) failure in patients seeking treatment fo...
>OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Few studies have examined rates and predictors of cognitive performance validity test (PVT) failure in patients seeking treatment for PCC. >METHODS: We report the rates of PVT failure in 323 patients who received care in a long-COVID-19 clinic for any post-COVID-19 health concern and underwent routine telephone cognitive testing that included two embedded PVTs. Binary logistic regressions examined the demographic, illness, and psychological variables associated with PVT failure. >RESULTS: The prevalence of single PVT failure ranged from 4.7% to 26.1% whereas failure on both PVTs occurred in just 6.3%. Illness characteristics, subjective cognitive dysfunction, and most demographic and psychological variables were unrelated to single PVT failure. Males and those with anxiety were more likely to fail both PVTs. >CONCLUSION: Failure across multiple PVTs was not common and was unrelated to COVID-19 severity or cognitive complaints.
Facial Emotion Recognition and its Associations With Psychological Well-Being Across Four Schizotypal Dimensions: a Cross-Sectional Study.
Karamaouna P, Zouraraki C, Economou E … +2 more , Bitsios P, Giakoumaki SG
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39745836 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to examine facial emotion recognition in a sample from the general population with elevated schizotypal traits, as defined by the four-factor model of schizotypy, and the association of...
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to examine facial emotion recognition in a sample from the general population with elevated schizotypal traits, as defined by the four-factor model of schizotypy, and the association of facial emotion recognition and the schizotypal dimensions with psychological well-being. METHOD: Two hundred and thirty-eight participants were allocated into four schizotypal groups and one control group. Following a cross-sectional study design, facial emotion recognition was assessed with a computerized task that included images from the Radboud Faces Database, schizotypal traits were measured with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, and psychological well-being was evaluated with the Flourishing scale. RESULTS: The results revealed distinct patterns of performance across the schizotypal groups and the application of a dimensional approach that included all participants as one group indicated specific associations between the four schizotypal dimensions and psychological well-being. Specifically, (a) negative schizotypes showed poor identification of sadness and fear potentially due to the activation of coping mechanisms, (b) disorganized schizotypes inaccurately recognized surprise, possibly reflecting the effects of disorganized thought on distinguishing this ambiguous emotion, and (c) psychological well-being was predicted by high cognitive-perceptual along with low negative and disorganized schizotypy as well as the accurate recognition of specific emotional states that are common in daily social interactions. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the study findings further advance the identification of emotion-processing difficulties in schizophrenia-vulnerable individuals and further highlight the need for highly personalized early intervention strategies.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): a Rasch Analysis Study.
Al-Qerem W, Basem D, Khdair S … +2 more , Jarab A, Eberhardt J
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39727197 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate the Arabic version of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) usi...
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate the Arabic version of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) using Rasch analysis to assess quality of life in Jordanian MS patients. METHOD: Rasch analysis was conducted to evaluate the suitability of the model for the present study. Model fit was assessed by computing item/person separation reliability, infit and outfit mean square (MSQ) values, Cronbach's alpha, and the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS: A total of 301 MS patients were enrolled in the study. Significant likelihood ratios for all three scales (MSIS-29-PHYSICAL, MSIS-29-PSYCHOLOGICAL, and MSIS-29-TOTAL) supported the use of a partial credit Rasch model. An issue with disordered thresholds was resolved by collapsing adjacent response categories. Item reliability scores for MSIS-29-PHYS and MSIS-29-PSYCH were 0.95 and 0.89, respectively, while person reliability scores were 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. Infit and outfit MSQ were within the acceptable range for all items on the MSIS-29-PSYCH scale. However, for the MSIS-29-PHYS scale, item MSIS-29_17 exceeded the acceptable range in both infit (1.93) and outfit (1.82) MSQs, and item MSIS-29_20 exceeded the acceptable range in infit (1.81). The Wright map also indicated that most items were considered relatively easy by the respondents, exhibiting various difficulty levels on the latent scale. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version of the MSIS-29 is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating quality of life in Jordanian MS patients.
Neuropsychological Functioning in Cognitively Normal, Older American Indians of the Southwestern United States.
Cerbone B, Hanson KD, Lomay VT … +2 more , Wicklund M, Weidman DA
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Jul · PMID 39724234 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: There is a dearth of research on neuropsychological functioning and the validity of assessment measures in American Indian (AI) older adults. The present study sought to comprehensively examine neuropsychologi...
OBJECTIVE: There is a dearth of research on neuropsychological functioning and the validity of assessment measures in American Indian (AI) older adults. The present study sought to comprehensively examine neuropsychological functioning in cognitively normal AI older adults in the southwestern USA (i.e., Arizona). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Ninety predominantly female participants (45 AIs and 45 non-Hispanic Whites) aged 44 years and older (mean age of mid-60s) were matched on age, decade, gender, and assessment battery. Participants were enrolled in the Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Center database. Data obtained included demographics, medical history, psychiatric variables, and raw neuropsychological scores. Analyses included ANCOVAs, chi-square, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: AIs generally had lower performance across all neuropsychological measures compared with matched Whites, even after controlling for demographic variables. Performance between groups was most discrepant on several measures of global cognition, attention, executive functioning, and language, while performance was statistically comparable on measures of memory and visuospatial abilities. The AI group had higher proportions of diabetes and obesity, but results showed that higher cardiovascular risk was not predictive of lower cognitive performance with the exception of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that older AIs perform lower on many neuropsychological measures compared with non-Hispanic Whites, even after controlling for demographic variables. This suggests that other factors, including language, culture, educational quality, overall health, socioeconomic status, and level of acculturation may be impacting test scores and need to be considered when assessing and diagnosing older AIs.
Adaptation and Validation of Version B of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen for the Portuguese Population.
Simão S, Naumann LL, de Carvalho M … +2 more , Santos MO, Martins IP
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Apr · PMID 39722149 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to adapt and provide psychometric support for the validation of version B of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) for the Portuguese population, addressing the need for con...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to adapt and provide psychometric support for the validation of version B of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) for the Portuguese population, addressing the need for consistent cognitive evaluations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A second culturally adapted ECAS screen facilitates the accurate characterization of ALS progression, mitigates learning effects, and supports tailored care management. METHODS: The adaptation process included forward-backward translation, cultural adaptation, and cognitive debriefing on a prospective sample of 193 ALS patients and 106 controls. A multiple regression analysis identified predictors relevant for establishing ECAS cut-off scores. Psychometric evaluations, including reliability assessments and tests of convergent, construct, and criterion validity, were conducted. Additionally, version A's psychometric properties were reevaluated with complementary analyses and a larger sample. RESULTS: Version B demonstrated good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.802, comparable to the previously established version A. Moderate inter-item correlations further supported reliability, reflecting internal coherence. Equivalence testing between the Portuguese versions supported convergent validity, confirming version B's alignment with version A's theoretical framework. Exploratory factor analysis provided preliminary support for construct validity, and receiver operating characteristic analyses established cut-off values for both versions, revealing moderate sensitivity with a tendency toward false negatives, and higher specificity. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided evidence for the cultural suitability, reliability, and validity of the Portuguese ECAS B. As evidence supports the equivalence of the Portuguese ECAS versions, they can be used for flexible screenings and applied with the calculated cut-off values to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Just the Tip of the Iceberg: a Brief Report of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Score as an Embedded Validity Indicator for the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests.
Hammond JB, Lichtenstein JD
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 May · PMID 39709637 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Explore the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) scores from the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests (cANT, cVNT) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs). METHOD: A retrospective design of 98 consecutively referred...
OBJECTIVE: Explore the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) scores from the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests (cANT, cVNT) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs). METHOD: A retrospective design of 98 consecutively referred youth aged 6-15 years (M = 11.28, SD = 2.80) that completed neuropsychological evaluation at a tertiary-care academic medical center. RESULTS: Invalid performance (i.e., ≥2 failed PVTs) occurred in 12.2% of the sample, with base rates of failure on individual PVTs ranging from 1.0% to 30.6%. Area under the curve (AUC) showed statistical significance for the auditory (AUC = 0.811, p = .004) but not the visual TOT. Logistic regression indicated the combination of both TOT scores with other PVTs increased correct identification of invalid performance to 85.7% versus 75% without TOT scores. CONCLUSION: The utility of the TOT as a language-based EVI is one of many potential advantages of the cANT and cVNT compared to other confrontation naming tests. To confirm this, future studies with more diverse populations are warranted.
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