Experimental Aging Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Does an Externally Focused Dual-task Mitigate Real-time Conscious Postural Control in Older Adults?
Li DKT, Mak TCT, Wong TWL
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34590545 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study first examined whether real-time conscious postural control (reinvestment) and postural sway increase with different postural difficulties on a compliant surface among older adults. The second obje...
OBJECTIVES: This study first examined whether real-time conscious postural control (reinvestment) and postural sway increase with different postural difficulties on a compliant surface among older adults. The second objective was to investigate the effect of an externally focused dual-task on real-time reinvestment and postural sway under a relatively challenging standing position. METHOD: Thirty-two community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 72.09, SD = 4.18 years) were recruited. Participants performed balance tasks in four standing positions in a randomized order on a balance foam pad. The four positions included wide-based standing on foam (WBF), narrow-based standing on foam (NBF), tandem-based standing on foam (TBF) and tandem-based standing on foam with an externally focused dual-task (TBFE). Throughout all the balance tasks, participants' real-time reinvestment and body sway were indicated by the Alpha2 T3-Fz Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and the total sway length (TSL), respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our results revealed no significant difference in real-time reinvestment among different standing positions while postural sway increased from WBF to NBF and reduced from NBF to TBF. We also demonstrated that when performing a relatively challenging standing task on a compliant surface, an externally focused dual-task (TBFE), compared to a baseline single task (TBF), can neither mitigate real-time reinvestment nor improve balance performance in community-dwelling older adults with good balance capability. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.
Elderly Hospitalized for COVID-19 and Fever: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Roig-Marín N, Roig-Rico P
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34583614 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has been responsible for countless deaths during this time. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine if the referred fever of elderly patients admitted for COVID-19 was related...
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has been responsible for countless deaths during this time. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine if the referred fever of elderly patients admitted for COVID-19 was related to their mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2020 hospital admissions records of the Hospital de San Juan de Alicante, Spain. RESULTS: Those patients without fever had a greater age and comorbidity. There was not a significant difference related to fever in in-hospital mortality. DISCUSSION: Previous studies seem to indicate that fever in its early stages has a protective effect rather than a harmful one. Our results confirm this trend. No data have been found in the literature that express the differences of elderly patients admitted for COVID-19 who presented fever versus those who did not in the context of hospital admission. CONCLUSION: No significant differences were detected in terms of mortality with respect to the fever variable. However, patients without fever present significantly different laboratory values that could indicate a greater severity in their evolutionary course. For example, patients without fever have significantly higher D-dimer and LDH levels in addition to significantly lower arterial oxygen pressure and PaO/FiO and SpO/FiO ratios.
DRM Paradigm: Evidence that Alzheimer's Patients Think of the Critical Lure as Often as Healthy Older Participants.
Gilet AL, Evrard C, Colombel F
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34570684 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Up to now, in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, the lower production of false memories in Alzheimer's disease has been explained in terms of non-activation of the critical lure. OBJECTIVES: The aim...
BACKGROUND: Up to now, in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, the lower production of false memories in Alzheimer's disease has been explained in terms of non-activation of the critical lure. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the critical lure activation process from items of DRM lists in Alzheimer's patients, using a free association task. METHOD: Twenty-six young adults, 25 older adults, and 17 Alzheimer's patients performed a free association task with DRM words. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that Alzheimer's patients produced as many critical lures in the free association task as healthy older participants, but significantly fewer than younger participants. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the low production of critical lures in DRM tasks usually reported in Alzheimer's patients might not be due to a semantic deficit that prevents the activation of the critical lure.
Depression Is Associated with Chronic Pain in Disabled Older Adults.
Honda H, Ashizawa R, Kiriyama K … +2 more , Take K, Yoshimoto Y
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34545772 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The association between depression and chronic pain has been clearly demonstrated in healthy older adults, but not in older adults with disabilities. This study thus aimed to clarify the association between d...
BACKGROUND: The association between depression and chronic pain has been clearly demonstrated in healthy older adults, but not in older adults with disabilities. This study thus aimed to clarify the association between depression and chronic pain in older adults with disabilities. METHODS: In total, 92 older adults aged 65 years or older subscribed to Japanese long-term care insurance services were included in this study. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version-Japanese (GDS-S-J) and was diagnosed among respondents who scored 6 or more points. Chronic pain was assessed using a questionnaire and defined as a "pain that persists in the present and has lasted for more than three months." RESULTS: Chronic pain was associated with depression in older adults with disabilities (odds ratio: 3,355, 95% confidence interval: 1,232-9,135, = 0,018). There was a strong association between severe chronic pain and depression (odds ratio: 3,699, 95% confidence interval: 1,345-10,173, = 0,011). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that it is necessary to focus on intensity of chronic pain to improve depression in older adults with disabilities who are more difficult to treat than healthy older adults.
Assessment of the Financial Capacity in the Context of Normal and Pathological Cognitive Aging. Preliminary Analysis of the Portuguese Version of the (NADL-F).
Sousa L, Baptista N, Gomes C … +5 more , Peixoto M, Baeta É, Rocha JC, Lopes E, Peixoto B
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34542026 · Publisher ↗
Financial capacity (FC) is conceptualized as a dimension that encompasses a wide range of basic aptitudes and the capacity to judge and assess situations and make decisions according to one best interests. The (NADL-F)...
Financial capacity (FC) is conceptualized as a dimension that encompasses a wide range of basic aptitudes and the capacity to judge and assess situations and make decisions according to one best interests. The (NADL-F) is an instrument of FC for clinical use developed in Italy. This study aims to perform a preliminary analysis on the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of NADL-F. NADL-F as well as other neuropsychological instruments were administered to three groups: Healthy Control ( = 11); Mild Neurocognitive Disorder group ( = 19); Major Neurocognitive Disorder group ( = 19). NADL-F and its tasks were considered acceptable, showed good reliability for the entire sample ( = .808) and the majority of the domains correlated significantly with each other and with the total scale. Between group comparisons showed significant differences regarding all domains. Arithmetic, schooling and executive functioning accounted for 54.1% of the variance on the test. The Portuguese version of NADL-F proved to be an acceptable and valid instrument of assessing FC in the context of cognitive aging. NADL-F is an instrument that emulates real life financial situations, and it can be used in a second level of evidence in the clinical model of FC assessment.
Self-determination and Physical Functioning as Mediators of the Association between Self-reported Sensory Impairments and Happiness among Older Adults.
Vicerra PMM
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34542021 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of vision and hearing impairments increases through age. This development is individually associated with physical functioning difficulties, self-determination issues, and lower levels of hap...
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of vision and hearing impairments increases through age. This development is individually associated with physical functioning difficulties, self-determination issues, and lower levels of happiness. METHOD: This study examined how self-reported sensory impairments relate to happiness with physical autonomy and social engagement as mediators using structural equation modelling. Using the nationally representative 2017 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand, the analytic sample size was 34,195 with an age range of 60-103 years and a mean age of 69.6 years. RESULTS: A negative association between subjective vision impairment and happiness was observed through the mediation of limitations in physical functioning and community activity. Subjective hearing impairment was observed to lack association with happiness taking into account all the mediating factors. CONCLUSION: 4The care needs of older adults in Thailand where the ageing of the population progresses could then differ depending on their health and well-being status.
Expanding Benevolent Ageism: Replicating Attitudes of Overaccommodation to Older Men.
Sublett JF, Vale MT, Bisconti TL
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34429042 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Older adults are stereotyped in a paternalistic manner (warm, but incompetent), deserving of assistance regardless of their need; however, little is known about how gender contextualizes these attitudes. The...
BACKGROUND: Older adults are stereotyped in a paternalistic manner (warm, but incompetent), deserving of assistance regardless of their need; however, little is known about how gender contextualizes these attitudes. The purpose of this study was to extend previous work that examined the malleability of the paternalistic older adult stereotype using a two-part experimental vignette. The goals of the current study included: (1) to examine attitudes of benevolent ageist behavior toward a male target, (2) to confirm whether attributions made toward an older male target change if they defy or confirm the paternalistic stereotype, and (3) to examine the distinct roles of age and gender on an act of benevolent ageism. METHOD: In prior work, a female target was offered unnecessary assistance, which is replicated in the current study with a male target. The age (young vs. old), response (accepting vs. declining assistance), and gender (male vs. female) of the target were manipulated and then rated by a young adult sample (N = 698). RESULTS: Our findings replicated earlier work in that overaccommodative behaviors were endorsed more so for the older target than the younger target, which corroborates support for the Stereotype Content Model in that older adults are viewed paternalistically. Additionally, the older male target and the older female target were viewed differently when they respectively defied the paternalistic stereotype indicating distinctness between benevolent ageism and benevolent sexism. CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to the growing body of benevolent ageism literature and highlight the intersection of gender and age.
Executive Functions in Aging: An Experimental and Computational Study of the Wisconsin Card Sorting and Brixton Spatial Anticipation Tests.
Caso A, Cooper RP
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34392798 · Full text
In order to explore the effect of normal aging on executive function, we tested 25 younger adults and 25 neurologically healthy older adults on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Brixton Spatial Anticipation...
In order to explore the effect of normal aging on executive function, we tested 25 younger adults and 25 neurologically healthy older adults on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test (BRXT), two classic tests of executive function. We found that older participants were more likely than younger participants to err on both tasks, but the additional errors of older participants tended to be related to task set maintenance and rule inference rather than perseveration. We further found that the tendency to perseverate (across all participants) on the WCST was related to the tendency to produce stimulus or response perseverations on the BRXT, rather than any tendency to perseverate on BRXT rule application. Finally, on both tasks, older participants were also slower, particularly on trials following an error, than younger participants. To explore the neurocomputational basis for the observed behaviours we then extended an existing model of schema-modulated action selection on the WCST to the BRXT. We argue on the basis of the model that the performance of older participants on both tasks reflects a slower update of schema thresholds within the basal ganglia, coupled with a decrease in sensitivity to feedback.
Behavioral, Biochemical and Histopathological effects of Standardised Pomegranate extract with Vinpocetine, Propolis or Cocoa in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Ali AA, Kamal MM, Khalil MG … +4 more , Ali SA, Elariny HA, Bekhit A, Wahid A
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34384037 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder. Pomegranate (POM) has been previously shown to have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect against parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to in...
INTRODUCTION: Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder. Pomegranate (POM) has been previously shown to have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect against parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to investigate the possible effect of POM in combination with each of vinpocetine, propolis, or cocoa in the treatment of parkinsonism disease even without being given as adjuvant to L-dopa . METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups, one normal and six RT model groups. One of the RT groups (2.5 mg/kg/48 h/10 doses sc), for 20 days served as non-treated parkinsonism model, whereas the others were treated with either L-dopa (10 mg/kg, p.o./day) or with POM (150 mg/kg, p.o./day) together with each of the following; vinpocetine (VIN) (20 mg/kg, p.o./day), propolis (300 mg/kg, p.o./day), cocoa (24 mg/kg, p.o./day). Motor and cognitive performances were examined using four tests (catalepsy, swimming, Y-maze, open field). Striatal dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, acetylcholinesterase, , BDNF levels were assessed as well as MDA, SOD, TAC, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOs, and caspase-3. Also, histopathological examinations of different brain regions were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with L-dopa alone or with all POM combination groups alleviated the deficits in locomotor activities, cognition, neurotransmitter levels, acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as caspase-3 expression induced by RT. CONCLUSION: Combinations of POM with each of VIN, propolis, or cocoa have a promising disease-modifying antiparkinsonian therapy even without being given as an adjuvant to L-dopa.
Elderly People with Dementia Admitted for COVID-19: How Different are They?
Roig-Marín N, Roig-Rico P
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34264177 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Patients with a dementia diagnosis and COVID-19 sometimes manifest an atypical clinical picture. However, differences between elderly COVID-19 patients having dementia and those not having dementia have not b...
BACKGROUND: Patients with a dementia diagnosis and COVID-19 sometimes manifest an atypical clinical picture. However, differences between elderly COVID-19 patients having dementia and those not having dementia have not been described yet. The in-hospital mortality and out-of-hospital mortality from both groups has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is to determine if there is a significant difference in-hospital and out-of-hospital mortality in the elderly patients admitted for COVID-19, comparing those with dementia and those without dementia. A secondary aim is to determine whether there are significant clinical and laboratory differences between elderly COVID-19 patients with dementia and without dementia. METHODS: Data collection of hospitalizations of elderly patients aged 70 years old or older admitted for COVID-19 in 2020 at the Hospital de San Juan de Alicante. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality in a context of admission for COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with out dementia. However, post-discharge out-of-hospital mortality is significantly higher in patients with dementia. CONCLUSION: The out-of-hospital mortality of elderly patients with dementia appears to be significantly higher than those who do not. Therefore, the importance of caring for elderly patients with dementia after being discharged from hospital should be emphasized.
Health Benefits of Social Participation Interventions among Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Review Article.
Ibrahim AF, Tan MP, Teoh GK … +2 more , Muda SM, Chong MC
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34229584 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Social disengagement among older persons may result from accumulated physical impact and social stressors experienced throughout life. Conversely, interventions that enhance social participation addresses soc...
BACKGROUND: Social disengagement among older persons may result from accumulated physical impact and social stressors experienced throughout life. Conversely, interventions that enhance social participation addresses social isolation with positive influences on health. This article, therefore, aimed to review the range of published studies that evaluated the health benefits of interventions on social participation among community-dwelling older persons. METHOD: We conducted a search using the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, PubMed, ProQuest, SAGE, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Open repository/archive. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies from Asia, Europe and America were selected. Included articles described randomized controlled trials (9), quasi-experimental studies (9), mixed-methods studies (2), participatory action research (3), and community-based intervention research (2). Social interventions described are group or cultural activities, personal/group monitoring and discussion, and communications devices. Intervention designed utilized theories, models, concepts, principles, and evidence from published literature. CONCLUSION: Most social intervention studies evaluating health outcomes have been conducted in North America and Western Europe. Group-based activities were most commonly employed, but personal/group discussions, home visits and technology-based interactions have also been used. While social isolation is now a widely accepted risk factor for ill-health, research evidence for improvement of health through reduction of social isolation remains limited.
The Embodiment of an Older Avatar in a Virtual Reality Setting Impacts the Social Motivation of Young Adults.
Vahle N, Tomasik MJ
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34182895 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Socio-emotional selectivity theory implies that an individual's motives change over their lifespan, starting with a focus on information seeking and shifting toward the motivation of maintaining emotionally m...
OBJECTIVES: Socio-emotional selectivity theory implies that an individual's motives change over their lifespan, starting with a focus on information seeking and shifting toward the motivation of maintaining emotionally meaningful social relationships in old age. The concept of future time perspective serves as an underlying mechanism for this phenomenon. METHODS: This study aimed to capture how social motivation changes as a result of the manipulation of one's own visual appearance. Thus, the explicit age stereotypes of = 74 participants were assessed, among other covariates. The following intervention consisted of a virtual reality (VR) scenario in which the experimental group embodied an old age avatar and the control group a young age avatar. RESULTS: Changes in social motivation were assessed using the concept of socio-emotional selectivity based on imagined situational preferences. Results with strong effect sizes indicate that changes in social motivation commonly connected with old age might be caused by visual cues when actively embodying a virtual avatar.
Cognitive and behavioral factors associated to probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
de Souza LF, Fontanela LC, Gonçalves C … +4 more , Mendrano AL, Freitas MA, Danielewicz AL, de Avelar NCP
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34170210 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia has a high prevalence in older adults and is associated with chronic aggravations to health, so therefore it is important to identify older adults who are affected by sarcopenia in order to establi...
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia has a high prevalence in older adults and is associated with chronic aggravations to health, so therefore it is important to identify older adults who are affected by sarcopenia in order to establish preventative strategies or early interventions. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of probable sarcopenia and verify its association with cognitive impairment, fear of falling, depressive symptoms and health self-perception in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling including 306 older adults of both genders. The outcome variable was probable sarcopenia evaluated by the Five times sit-to-stand test (5XSST) considering probable sarcopenia when the measured time was > 15 seconds, following the recommendation of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. The predictor variables were cognitive impairment, fear of falling, depressive symptoms and self-perception of health. Multivariate Logistic Regression was performed to verify associations between the variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 50.00%. The older adults had significantly higher chances of presenting probable sarcopenia when displaying cognitive impairment (OR 2.49; 95%CI 1.46-4.24), fear of falls (OR 4.23; 95%CI 2.51-7.12), depressive symptoms (OR 2.20; 95%CI 1.32-3.67), poor (OR 2.48; 95%CI 1.19-5.16) and fair self-perception of health (OR 2.11; 95%CI 1.22-3.63) when compared to those who did not have the same conditions. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of probable sarcopenia in this study was 50.00%, and was associated with the presence of depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, fear of falls and negative self-perception of health.
The Role of Affect as a Mediator between Coping Resources and Heart Rate Variability among Older Adults.
Pinto G, Greenblatt-Kimron L, Marai I … +3 more , Lorber A, Lowenstein A, Cohen M
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34133261 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an indicator of capacity to adapt effectively to physiological or environmental challenges and of physical and psychological health in old age. AIMS: The stu...
BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an indicator of capacity to adapt effectively to physiological or environmental challenges and of physical and psychological health in old age. AIMS: The study assessed levels of high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) among older adults in relation to positive and negative affect and the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the association between coping resources (perceived social support and sense of mastery) and HF-HRV. METHOD: Participants were 187 men and women in three assisted-living residences who were independent in activities of daily living (93.4% participation rate). The participants completed sense of mastery, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and positive and negative affect questionnaires. HF-HRV was derived from electrocardiography data measured by a Holter monitoring device for 15 minutes. RESULTS: The empirical model showed good fit indices indicating that higher HF-HRV was associated with lower negative affect, and negative affect mediated the association between perceived social support and HF-HRV. In addition, perceived social support and sense of mastery were associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: Although this was a cross-sectional study, it suggests that HF-HRV may be a link between affect and health in old age. It also suggests the importance of identification and intervention with older adults and their support systems to reduce negative affect.
Attentional Capacity during Dual-task Balance Performance Deteriorates with Age before the Sixties.
Bech SR, Kjeldgaard-Man L, Sirbaugh MC … +3 more , Egholm AF, Mortensen S, Laessoe U
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34096474 · Publisher ↗
Postural control may be automated and leave residual attentional capacity for concurrent cognitive challenges - i.e. dual-task capacity. In old people and impaired individuals, the automatization is lost but dual-task pe...
Postural control may be automated and leave residual attentional capacity for concurrent cognitive challenges - i.e. dual-task capacity. In old people and impaired individuals, the automatization is lost but dual-task performance may deteriorate even earlier in life.A convenience sample of 112 healthy individuals represented three subgroups: <30 years, 30-60 years and >60 years. They were challenged in a novel dual-task test on postural control and attentional capacity, which allowed participants to improve the performance time compared with their baseline provided they had residual attentional capacity to utilize leading cues in their movement strategies.Performance time in the baseline motor task (single task) increased with age, and relative improvement with cue (attentional capacity during dual task) decreased with age: correlation coefficients: 0.32 and -0.41. There were differences between the age groups in the improvement with cues: young 26.6% (6.6), middle aged 19.1% (12.2) and elderly 10.1% (11.6).In general, all age groups performed the task faster with cues, but individual differences were large. The middle-aged group as well as the elderly group had a poorer dual-task performance than the young group. This suggests that attentional capacity during dual-task balance may be affected even before the sixties.
Individual Differences in Cerebral Perfusion as a Function of Age and Loneliness.
Chen YW, Wengler K, He X … +1 more , Canli T
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34036895 · Full text
Loneliness is defined as the subjective feeling that one's social needs are not satisfied by both quantity and quality of one's social relationships. Loneliness has been linked to a broad range of adverse physical and me...
Loneliness is defined as the subjective feeling that one's social needs are not satisfied by both quantity and quality of one's social relationships. Loneliness has been linked to a broad range of adverse physical and mental health consequences. There is an interest in identifying the neural and molecular processes by which loneliness adversely affects health. Prior imaging studies reported divergent networks involved in cognitive, emotional, and social processes associated with loneliness. Although loneliness is common among both younger and older adults, it is experienced differently across the lifespan and has different antecedents and consequences. The current study measured regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) using pulsed arterial spin labeling imaging. Forty-five older ( = 63.4) and forty-four younger adults ( = 20.9) with comparable degrees of loneliness were included. Whole-brain voxel-wise analysis revealed a main effect of age (in superior temporal and supramarginal gyri), but no main effect of loneliness. Furthermore, the age effect was only observed among people who reported higher level of loneliness. These regions have previously been implicated in social- and attention-related functions. The moderation of loneliness on age and regional CBF suggests that younger and older individuals present differential neural manifestations in response to loneliness, even with comparable levels of loneliness.
Age Differences in Open-Mindedness: From 18 to 87-Years of Age.
Edgcumbe DR
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 34030607 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: As health care improves and more people work into later age, it is important to understand what impacts open-mindedness has on decision-making. This paper examined the role of aging on open-mindedness. METHOD...
BACKGROUND: As health care improves and more people work into later age, it is important to understand what impacts open-mindedness has on decision-making. This paper examined the role of aging on open-mindedness. METHODS: Open-mindedness was measured across 12 studies before data amalgamation. The Actively Open-minded Thinking (AOT) scale and Actively Open-minded Thinking about Evidence (AOT-e) scale measured open-mindedness in this sample (n = 9010) of participants between 18 and 87-years of age. RESULTS: Summary AOT positively correlated with AOT-e (r = 0.27). For two subfactors derived from factor analysis based on the AOT, scores for both subfactors positively correlated with AOT-e (subfactor-1: r = 0.17/subfactor-2: r = 0.31) but negatively correlated with age (subfactor-1: r = -0.01/subfactor-2: r = -0.16). Age negatively correlated with both AOT (r = -0.11) and AOT-e (r = -0.13). Regressions revealed that open-mindedness decreased with aging. Age marginally predicted the change in open-mindedness, and sex differences were not a predictor. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the observed differences are the result of a reluctance to change long-established values and ideas at the cognitive level and cortical changes that occur with aging. In an aging population where more adults work into later age, the decrease in open-mindedness could influence many areas of judgments of decision-making. Importantly, this demonstrates that open-mindedness varies across lifespan.
Memories of Falls: Resolved or Unresolved Memories?
Gallouj K, Altintas E, El Haj M
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 33993854 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: There is bourgeoning interest in how older adults remember their falls and research in this area has demonstrated how falls can reshape memory retrieval in older adults. We pursued this line of research by as...
BACKGROUND: There is bourgeoning interest in how older adults remember their falls and research in this area has demonstrated how falls can reshape memory retrieval in older adults. We pursued this line of research by assessing whether older adults succeed in integrating memories of falls into their life story. METHODS: We invited older adults to remember their falls and analyzed whether these memories were integrated or non-integrated. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated no significant differences between the number of integrated and non-integrated memories. Critically, however, higher anxiety and depression was observed in participants who produced non-integrated memories than in those who produced integrated ones. DISCUSSION: The ability to integrate memories of falls in older adults is likely associated with anxiety and depression. Anxiety may result in avoidance of processing of the meaning of falls, and depression may hamper the ability to extract meaning from them, resulting in difficulties for older adults to integrate falls into their life story. Non-integrated memories of falls in older adults may be seen as unresolved memories and deserve special clinical attention.
Short-Term Retest Performance in Young versus Older Adults: Consideration of Integrated Speed-Accuracy Measures.
White N, Kouwenhoven M, Machado L
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 33993852 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The current research addressed gaps in the literature regarding short-term computerized cognitive retest performance in young and older adults using two integrated speed-accuracy metrics. The aims were: (a) t...
OBJECTIVES: The current research addressed gaps in the literature regarding short-term computerized cognitive retest performance in young and older adults using two integrated speed-accuracy metrics. The aims were: (a) to advance the aging literature on short-term retest performance using a computerized cognitive battery and a retest schedule that included both within- and between-day time points, and (b) to assess the test-retest reliability of two integrated speed-accuracy metrics, inverse efficiency scores (IES) and balanced integration scores (BIS). METHOD: Twenty young (18-23 years) and thirty older (65-71 years) men completed a battery measuring a range of cognitive functions, six times over three testing days, each 1 week apart. RESULT: Compared to young adults, older adults exhibited steeper within- and between-day performance gains in IES and BIS, which may reflect a combination of lower initial cognitive ability and familiarity, indicating that older adults may require more familiarization on computerized tests. Relative to unadjusted reaction times, IES reliability appeared comparable in older adults, but slightly lower among young adults. The reliability of BIS was lower than unadjusted reaction times and IES in both age groups. DISCUSSION: Our findings provide guidance for researchers wanting to combine speed and accuracy into a single performance metric in repeated testing contexts.
Mental Health Benefits of Exercise and Genistein in Elderly Rats.
Hosseini SA, Salehi O, Keikhosravi F … +5 more , Hassanpour G, Ardakani HD, Farkhaie F, Shadmehri S, Azarbayjani MA
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 33888036 · Publisher ↗
Elderly is a part of life that is associated with physical and mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with genistein (Ge) on memory...
Elderly is a part of life that is associated with physical and mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with genistein (Ge) on memory, anxiety, physical persistence and aerobic power in elderly rats. Forty elderly rats were randomly assigned to five groups of eight rats including 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh), 3) HIIT, 4) HIIT+Ge, and 5)Ge. During 8-week groups 3 and 4 performed HIIT for three sessions per week and groups 4 and 5 received 60 mg/kg/day Ge peritoneally. Physical persistence (by forced swimming test), memory (by shuttle box and Y maze tests), anxiety (by elevated plus-maze test) and aerobic power (by exhaustive running on treadmill) were measured. HIIT, Ge, and HIIT+Ge significantly increased physical persistence and memory (P ≤0.05), HIIT and HIIT+Ge significantly decrease anxiety and increased aerobic power (P ≤0.05) and HIIT+Ge had higher effect on the decrease of anxiety and increase of memory compared to HIIT and Ge (P≤0.05). Although HIIT and Ge alone can enhance physical persistence, memory and anxiety in elderly rats nevertheless it seems that HIIT simultaneously with Ge has more favorable mental health benefits compared to HIIT and Ge alone.
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