Experimental Aging Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Association Between Job Adaptation According to Education Level and Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Workers.
Kim MS, Kim JH
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 41347848 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Workplace factors across middle and later life may influence cognitive aging and later-life cognitive change. We examined associations of job - education adaptation with global cognitive function (MMSE) in mi...
BACKGROUND: Workplace factors across middle and later life may influence cognitive aging and later-life cognitive change. We examined associations of job - education adaptation with global cognitive function (MMSE) in middle-aged and older Korean workers. METHODS: Using KLoSA (2008-2020), we analyzed 3,322 participants aged ≥45 years employed. Repeated MMSE scores were modeled with generalized estimating equations adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and covariates. Job adaptation was cross-classified with education (≤middle school/high school/≥college). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses by sex and age ( < 65 vs ≥ 65) were performed. RESULTS: Job - education mismatch predicted lower MMSE scores. Compared with Neutral - high school, High-≤middle-school (β = -1.737, 95% CI - 2.669 to -0.804), Low-≤middle-school (β = -1.392, 95% CI - 1.613 to -1.171), and Neutral-≤middle-school (β = -1.227, 95% CI - 1.371 to -1.082) had poorer cognition. Effects were larger in subgroups: females (High-≤middle-school β = -2.357, 95% CI - 3.948 to -0.766), those ≥65 (High-≤middle-school β = -2.144, 95% CI - 3.622 to -0.666), and white-collar (Neutral-≤middle-school β = -2.135, 95% CI - 2.857 to -1.413). Results were robust to sensitivity checks. CONCLUSION: Job - education mismatch is associated with worse global cognitive function, notably among women, older adults, and some occupational groups. Policies improving person - job fit and skill use may mitigate cognitive decline.
Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Aging: What's the Role of Executive Functions and Cognitive Reserve on the Decline?
Merlini A, Gabbatore I, Marini A … +1 more , Bosco FM
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 41330889 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer others' mental states, is central to social interaction and may be sensitive to age-related differences. This study explored variations in cognitive and affective To...
BACKGROUND: Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer others' mental states, is central to social interaction and may be sensitive to age-related differences. This study explored variations in cognitive and affective ToM across adulthood and examined the roles of executive functions (EFs), general cognition, and Cognitive Reserve (CR). METHODS: Ninety-six participants were assigned to three groups: Young Adults (20-40), Older Adults (65-75), and Senior Older Adults (76-86). Cognitive ToM was assessed with the Strange Stories and II Order Stories tasks, and affective ToM with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. Measures of processing speed, working memory, long-term memory, EFs (updating, shifting, inhibition), and CR were included. RESULTS: Both cognitive and affective ToM varied by age group, with younger adults performing better than older groups. Updating and shifting predicted ToM performance, accounting for group differences in cognitive ToM and partially in affective ToM. CR, particularly occupational activity, moderated the association between age group and cognitive ToM: differences emerged at low CR but not at high CR levels. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that age-related differences in ToM are associated with executive functioning and that higher CR may mitigate these differences, supporting the role of cognitive engagement in social-cognitive maintenance.
Self-Regulatory Focus Predicts Everyday Memory Strategy Use for Older, but Not Young, Adults.
Lineweaver TT, Terwillegar S, Aardsma NJ … +3 more , Washel K, Sipes AM, Horhota M
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 41220343 · Publisher ↗
This study examined the role of memory-specific self-regulatory focus in guiding young and older adults' usage of everyday memory strategies Participants included 164 young (ages 18-23) and 204 older (ages 68-75) adults....
This study examined the role of memory-specific self-regulatory focus in guiding young and older adults' usage of everyday memory strategies Participants included 164 young (ages 18-23) and 204 older (ages 68-75) adults. Structural equation modeling tested our hypothesis that participants' prevention-based and promotion-based self-regulatory focus influences memory strategy use through memory beliefs (memory self-efficacy, present control, future control) and participant perceptions of the memory strategies' focus toward maximizing memory functioning versus preventing future memory decline. We modeled participants' utilization of both use-it-or-lose-it strategies (commonly used by older adults) and task-focused strategies (commonly used by young adults). Older adults endorsed stronger prevention-based and promotion-based self-regulatory focus than young adults did. We also found strong evidence that, for older adults, the significant relationship between self-regulatory focus and memory strategy use for both use-it-or-lose-it and task-focused strategies was frequently mediated by memory beliefs and less frequently mediated by the perceived focus of the strategies. In contrast, self-regulatory focus did not predict memory strategy use for young adults. Results suggest that encouraging a promotion- or prevention-focused lens based on an individual's memory self-efficacy and perceived control over their memory may foster optimal memory strategy selection in older adults' daily lives.
Effects of Semantic Interference and Facilitation on Lexical Retrieval: Evolution in Healthy Aging.
Gilis S, Lefebvre L, Simoes Loureiro I
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 41204422 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Word retrieval difficulties, such as anomia, increase with age. While some language functions, like semantic knowledge, remain stable or improve, lexical retrieval declines, due to reduced processing speed, we...
OBJECTIVE: Word retrieval difficulties, such as anomia, increase with age. While some language functions, like semantic knowledge, remain stable or improve, lexical retrieval declines, due to reduced processing speed, weaker inhibition, and increased lexical competition. The Picture-Word Interference (PWI) paradigm is commonly used to study these effects. Taxonomic relations (e.g. cow - horse) tend to increase interference, whereas thematic relations (e.g. cow - milk) may facilitate retrieval. This study investigates how semantic links influence lexical retrieval and whether these effects vary with age. METHODS: Fifty-five French-speaking adults (30 young, 25 elderly) performed a PWI task (i.e. a picture is shown with a written distractor word) with four conditions: taxonomic, thematic, unrelated, and neutral. RESULTS: Elderly adults responded more slowly and less accurately overall. However, taxonomic distractors consistently caused the greatest interference eliciting the longest reaction times and lowest accuracy - in both age groups. Thematic and unrelated distractors produced moderate interference compared to the neutral condition. CONCLUSION: Semantic relationships distinctly influence lexical retrieval, regardless of age. Age-related differences mainly manifested in speed and accuracy while the structure of semantic interference is overall consistent across ages, underscoring, respectively, cognitive slowing and reduced inhibitory control in aging. Preserved semantic knowledge in elderly adults appears to mitigate some of these difficulties, highlighting its compensatory role in language production. The findings highlight the specific role of semantic relations in lexical access and confirm that aging affects processing speed more than semantic network structure.
Cognitive Status and Mental Disorder Morbidity are Differentially Associated with Semantic Verbal Fluency in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.
Maldonado-Vargas G, Hernández-Montiel HL, Díaz-Cintra S … +2 more , Reyes-López JV, Castro-Chavira SA
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 41069100 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This work thoroughly evaluated the association between cognitive status, mental disorders, and semantic verbal fluency (SVF). METHODS: Correlations between mental disorders, cognitive status, and demographic a...
OBJECTIVE: This work thoroughly evaluated the association between cognitive status, mental disorders, and semantic verbal fluency (SVF). METHODS: Correlations between mental disorders, cognitive status, and demographic and medical history of 74 participants were analyzed. The SVF temporal course per 15-second period of a five-category task was assessed. RESULTS: Eight SVF principal components, led by a component consisting of the first fifteen-second periods (P1), were extracted. Regression analyses for cognitive status showed that the P1 component was the best predictor. CONCLUSION: Thus, the words articulated during the first fifteen seconds of the SVF task may improve the prognosis and diagnosis of cognitive decline.
Gait in Older People with Cognitive Impairments During Rhythmic Auditory Cueing: A Scoping Review.
Msigwa S, Jane A, St George RJ … +1 more , Michele L C
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40916159 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC) can enhance gait performance. However, little is known about its effect in people with cognitive impairment. The aim of this review was to describe, in studies of people with cogni...
PURPOSE: Rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC) can enhance gait performance. However, little is known about its effect in people with cognitive impairment. The aim of this review was to describe, in studies of people with cognitive impairment: 1) the medical conditions and cognitive stages studied; 2) the RAC protocols and gait variables measured; and 3) whether cognitive stage or RAC protocols have differing effects on gait. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Search terms included older age, cognitive impairment, auditory cueing, and gait. Three databases (PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Web of Science) were searched. RESULTS: Eight studies ( = 204 participants) were included. The diagnoses were Alzheimer's dementia, unspecified dementia, Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Cognitive stages ranged from mild cognitive impairment to late-stage dementia. RAC was commonly by metronome or music, at a preferred cadence tempo. The most common gait variables were speed, step length and cadence. Electronic walkways, accelerometers, or stopwatches were the most common measurement tools. The effect of RAC on gait across cognitive stages and diagnoses was mixed, with most studies reporting worse, or no change, in gait. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment may influence the effect of RAC on gait. Studies with larger samples and a range of cognitive stages are needed.
Differences in Response Between Healthy Older Adults and Patients with Alzheimer's Disease When Using Memory Aids to Manage Medication and Factors Influencing Their Success.
Fujita T, Notoya M, Kato K … +1 more , Kimura D
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40916153 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) lose the ability to manage their medications as the disease progresses. Several methods have been used to administer medication to patients at home using Internet of Things...
PURPOSE: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) lose the ability to manage their medications as the disease progresses. Several methods have been used to administer medication to patients at home using Internet of Things (IoT) devices for rehabilitation, but no studies have yet been published investigating the factors that influence the success or failure of this approach in older adults and patients with AD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate differences in medication-related behaviors and their influencing factors in older adults, both with and without AD, using IoT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 57 patients in the AD group and 34 older adults in the non-AD one, The AD group consisted mainly of patients with mild disease. Both groups conducted a medication management experiment using medication management applications delivered through either "Arata" or "Skype", and their behaviors and influencing factors were examined. RESULTS: Operational errors were observed in both groups. Influencing factors that were common to both "Arata" and "Skype" were comprehension of spoken language and prospective memory. The influencing factors that differed were disorientation and attention.
A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Age-Related Differences in Inhibitory Control on the Flanker Task.
Guay S, Landry M, Rigoulot S … +1 more , Boller B
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40847774 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with declines in cognitive functions, particularly inhibitory control. The flanker task is widely used to assess this function; however, research findings on age-related differences remain...
BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with declines in cognitive functions, particularly inhibitory control. The flanker task is widely used to assess this function; however, research findings on age-related differences remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes findings comparing young and older adults across different versions of the flanker task. METHODS: A total of 22 studies were selected from PsycInfo, PubMed and PsycNet. RESULTS: The results show that older adults exhibit slower reaction times, particularly on incongruent trials. However, differences in accuracy between both groups remain inconsistent. Our systematic review indicates that variability across studies likely stems from differences in participant demographics, cognitive screening protocols, task design, and statistical approaches. Task variations, such as stimulus type (arrows, letters, or moving stimuli), cueing conditions, and spatial arrangements, significantly influence interference effects. Furthermore, methodological differences in the computation of inhibition cost scoring also contribute to discrepancies in findings. Meta-analytical results reveal that the arrow flanker task produced the most consistent age-related differences. In contrast, letter-based and cued versions exhibited greater variability. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should standardize task protocols, refine statistical methods, and explore novel adaptations such as dynamic stimuli to better understand inhibitory control changes in aging. Addressing these inconsistencies will enhance our ability to identify age-related inhibitory difficulties and develop targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive decline.
Measuring Subjective Vitality and Depletion in Older People from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: A Dual Country Study.
Dawe J, Cavicchiolo E, Palombi T … +4 more , Frederick CM, Chirico A, Lucidi F, Alivernini F
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40696713 · Publisher ↗
As the global older population grows, research increasingly focuses on their well-being and quality of life, aspects that are often impacted by a perceived loss of energy and fatigue. To describe individuals' energy dyna...
As the global older population grows, research increasingly focuses on their well-being and quality of life, aspects that are often impacted by a perceived loss of energy and fatigue. To describe individuals' energy dynamics, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) has recently proposed a dual-process model based on two constructs: Subjective Vitality and Depletion. The present study aims to validate the Subjective Vitality/Depletion Scale (SVDS), an instrument based on this model. A sample of 726 older adults (over 65) from two countries, USA and Italy (M = 72.57, SD = 6.49), completed the SVDS, the Big Five Inventory 2 - Extra Short Form (BFI-2-XS), the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ). Confirmatory factor analyses of the SVDS support the SDT hypothesis that Subjective Vitality and Depletion are two distinct, yet related constructs. Full measurement invariance for the scale was achieved across gender and age subgroups, while partial scalar invariance was established across different countries, suggesting some specific influence of cultural factors. Correlations with BFI-2-XS, SF-12, and GSLTPAQ support the SVDS validity. The study provided evidence that the SVDS based on SDT is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing Subjective Vitality and Depletion among older individuals.
Protective Effects of Cedrol on Aging-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats.
Ghorbani F, Forqani MA, Hosseini M … +1 more , Forouzanfar F
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40629876 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Aging is a gradual alteration in cells and tissues' homeostasis mechanisms. Oxidative stress is an important contributor to aging. This study investigated the effect of cedrol a natural sesquiterpene on rats' me...
PURPOSE: Aging is a gradual alteration in cells and tissues' homeostasis mechanisms. Oxidative stress is an important contributor to aging. This study investigated the effect of cedrol a natural sesquiterpene on rats' memory and oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol levels in the hippocampus, cortex, liver, heart, and kidneys of rats and their liver enzymes. METHODS: Twenty-month-old rats were divided into three groups: cedrol 10 mg/kg, cedrol 5 mg/Kg, and saline treatment for 30 consecutive days. A passive avoidance test was performed in the last 3 days. A group of young 8-week rats was also treated with saline as the control group. RESULTS: The performance of old rats in passive avoidance test memory was impaired compared to young rats. Old rats had increased levels of MDA and decreased total thiol in mentioned tissues compared to young rats. Besides, the AST and ALT liver enzyme levels were higher in old than young rats. Administration of cedrol in old rats improved their performance in the passive avoidance test, decreased the level of MDA, increased total thiol levels, and decreased AST and ALT liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, cedrol may probably alleviate aging consequences in rats by reducing oxidative stress.
Understanding Age-Related Interference in Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Performance: A Novel Approach.
Béraud-Peigné N, Perrot A, Maquestiaux F … +1 more , Maillot P
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40616385 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive tasks in dual-task (DT) tests can be either driven mainly by the environmental demands (an" environment-driven" mode of control) or guided mainly by the individual (a "self-generated" mode of contro...
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive tasks in dual-task (DT) tests can be either driven mainly by the environmental demands (an" environment-driven" mode of control) or guided mainly by the individual (a "self-generated" mode of control). Two new DT tests were conducted to determine the effect of cognitive task types (self-generated vs. environment-driven) on cognitive and motor interference in DT. METHODS: An exploratory study was conducted with 17 older adults (OLD) and 15 adults (YOUNG) who completed three single-task (ST) tests - motor, cognitive environment-driven, cognitive self-generated - and 2 DT tests. Cognitive and motor DT Effect (DTE) were calculated. RESULTS: The self-generated DTE was greater in the motor task than in cognitive tasks, especially for the OLD group. There was no difference for the environment-driven DTE. In the motor task, the self-generated task created more interference than the environment-driven task for all groups, but this was not the case for the cognitive task. CONCLUSIONS: Some ideas were devised for creating interference-efficient tests, like using cognitive self-generated and motor complex tasks. The study confirmed previous results on gait tasks with new information on motor complex tasks.
Unveiling Cognitive Health Disparities: A Gender Perspective on Aging in India.
Irshad CV, Behera DK, Dash U
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40530916 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The study examined the association of various socioeconomic, demographic, health risk behavior, and social capital factors with the cognitive health status of older adults in India. METHODS: Data from the Long...
OBJECTIVE: The study examined the association of various socioeconomic, demographic, health risk behavior, and social capital factors with the cognitive health status of older adults in India. METHODS: Data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18), wave-1 was used. Binary logistic regression was applied to explore the significant predictor variables of poor cognitive health status. Further, decomposition analysis was employed to explore the gender differences in cognitive health status. RESULTS: The results revealed that female older adults had a higher odds of poor cognitive health status than male older adults (aOR: 2.37; 99% CI: 1.97-2.85). Increasing years of age, not being in a marital union, lower levels of social capital, and the presence of health risk behavior increased the odds of poor cognitive health. Education had a protective effect against the decline in cognitive health. The decomposition analysis results indicated that the gender difference in educational attainment contributed largely to the gender inequality in poor cognitive health status. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender equality in educational attainment could reduce the gender difference in cognitive health among male and female older adults to a large extent.
The Effect of Appearance Aging Stereotype on Sense of Body Ownership and the Mediating Role of Self-Objectification.
Ma Y, Zhang H, Zhang B
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40492702 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Appearance aging stereotypes are prevalent in societal contexts. However, the effects of appearance aging stereotypes on psychological constructs, particularly appearance-related bodily self-consciousness in...
BACKGROUND: Appearance aging stereotypes are prevalent in societal contexts. However, the effects of appearance aging stereotypes on psychological constructs, particularly appearance-related bodily self-consciousness in older adults, remain underexplored. This study explored the effect of appearance aging stereotypes on sense of body ownership in older adults and the mediating role of self-objectification. METHODS: In Experiment 1, older participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: a stereotype activation condition ( = 39), in which participants stared at themselves in a mirror for 5 minutes and then wrote down the appearance-related shortcomings of older adults; and a control condition ( = 39), in which participants spent 5 minutes viewing a landscape image and wrote down adjectives to describe it. Subsequently, all participants completed the Rubber Hand Illusion task to measure their sense of body ownership. In Experiment 2, following the same experimental manipulations as in Experiment 1, older participants in the stereotype activation group ( = 36) and the control group ( = 36) completed assessments of state self-objectification and sense of body ownership. RESULTS: Older adults in the stereotype activation group exhibited a lower level of sense of body ownership compared to those in the control group (Experiments 1 and 2). In addition, state self-objectification mediated the effect of appearance aging stereotypes on sense of body ownership (Experiment 2). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that appearance aging stereotypes are risk factors for sense of body ownership in older adults, providing new insights into understanding of body ownership, and enrich theories of aging stereotypes.
Associations Between Age, Chronic Pain, Cognitive Function, and Pain Sensitivity: A Comparison of Older and Younger Adults.
Çekok FK, Altınkaya PM, Gökşen A … +2 more , Aktaş A, Kahraman T
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40492605 · Publisher ↗
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between age, chronic pain, cognitive function, and pain sensitivity by comparing older and younger adults. The study included 30 older adults with chronic pain, 31 ol...
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between age, chronic pain, cognitive function, and pain sensitivity by comparing older and younger adults. The study included 30 older adults with chronic pain, 31 older adults without pain, 26 young adults with chronic pain, and 31 young adults without pain. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop Test, and Clock Drawing Test. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured in the trapezius, deltoid, and tibialis anterior regions using an algometer. Significant differences were observed in most cognitive functions and PPTs between the groups, particularly between older adults with and without chronic pain, and young adults with and without chronic pain. Generally, moderate to strong negative correlations were found between pain sensitivity and cognitive performance in older adults with chronic pain. In contrast, young adults with chronic pain showed weaker and fewer correlations between pain sensitivity and cognitive function. Chronic pain has a more significant negative impact on cognitive function in older adults, who also exhibit stronger associations between pain sensitivity and cognitive decline. In contrast, younger adults with chronic pain demonstrate weaker correlations, potentially due to adaptive coping mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for age-specific interventions targeting both pain and cognitive decline in older populations.
Spousal Education and Epigenetic Age Among Partnered Older Adults in the United States.
Pai M, Yu YL
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40464484 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study examined (1) the association between spousal education and epigenetic age acceleration among US older adults, and (2) whether this varies by their own education level and marital history. METHODS:...
OBJECTIVES: This study examined (1) the association between spousal education and epigenetic age acceleration among US older adults, and (2) whether this varies by their own education level and marital history. METHODS: Data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study were utilized to explore the associations between spousal education and epigenetic age acceleration, measured with four second- and third-generation epigenetic clocks (i.e. GrimAge, PhenoAge, Zhang and DunedinPoAm38). RESULTS: Higher spousal education was associated with slower epigenetic aging in three of the four clocks, but only among individuals with at least 12 years of education. Moreover, the association between spousal education and slower epigenetic aging, particularly with the GrimAge clock, was stronger among those previously divorced or widowed. DISCUSSION: These findings imply well-educated spouses play a crucial role in slowing biological aging, underscoring the value of leveraging spousal education as an asset in managing later-life health and addressing age-related health disparities.
Older Adults Self-Regulate Learning and Update Knowledge Regarding Psychology-Related Misconceptions.
DeCaro RE, Thomas AK
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40437676 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: We examined how older and younger adults corrected misconceptions related to psychology when given the opportunity to engage in self-regulated learning (SRL). METHOD: In Experiment 1, young and older adults t...
BACKGROUND: We examined how older and younger adults corrected misconceptions related to psychology when given the opportunity to engage in self-regulated learning (SRL). METHOD: In Experiment 1, young and older adults took an initial true/false test of 50 misconceptions, rated their confidence in their answer, and received immediate corrective feedback consisting of the correct answer and its explanation. In Experiment 2, immediately after receiving correct answer feedback, individuals chose whether to receive more information (i.e. the explanation of the correct answer; SRL). Individuals were retested after 1 week. RESULTS: In both experiments, young and older adults held similar numbers of misconceptions when initially tested and after feedback. Though young and older adults chose to receive more information about similar numbers of statements, older adults were less likely to choose detailed information about their correct answers compared to younger adults. On the final test, older adults benefitted more than younger adults from only brief feedback, but were less likely to correct their high confidence misconceptions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that older adults' regulation of knowledge learning is preserved, but how older adults' update knowledge may depend on a host of factors.
Picture This! Item Frames, Together with Depressive Affect and Humility, Differentially Affect the Memory Self-Efficacy of Young and Older Adults.
Lineweaver TT, Henderson RS, Strepek ZJ … +6 more , Patmore EA, Gilsenan GE, Flandermeyer E, Hermsen TP, Reichle SJ, Sawin KG
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40277039 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We compared how young and older adults' memory self-efficacy (MSE) responded to changes in item framing and examined how MSE relates to depressive affect, humility, and objective memory abilities in these two...
OBJECTIVE: We compared how young and older adults' memory self-efficacy (MSE) responded to changes in item framing and examined how MSE relates to depressive affect, humility, and objective memory abilities in these two age groups. METHOD: Ninety-one young and eighty-five older adults completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, the Humility Inventory-15 and a memory self-efficacy questionnaire that contained 27 items from the Memory Assessment Clinics-Self-Report Scale worded positively, neutrally or negatively. They then took an objective memory test. RESULTS: Older adults' MSE was affected by item framing with neutrally worded items resulting in higher MSE than positively or negatively worded items. In contrast, the MSE of young adults was impervious to framing effects. Regardless of question framing, increased depressive affect related to lower MSE across both age groups, whereas higher humility counterintuitively predicted higher MSE in young, but not older, adults. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results support past research and suggest new avenues for understanding the many factors that influence the subjective memory of young and older adults. Based on our findings, we recommend that researchers and practitioners utilize positively worded questionnaire items to evaluate MSE given that this approach was least vulnerable to depressive affect and resulted in the most accurate memory self-reports.
Potential Benefits of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise on the Cognitive Functions, Aerobic Capacity and Mood States of Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Ouyang B, Liu L, Li K … +3 more , Dai J, Zhang J, Qu H
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40255173 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The evidence of the benefits of Tai Chi Chuan on cognitive functions, aerobic capacity and mood states of older adults remain unclear. A cross-sectional study was designed to explore the potential effects of Tai...
PURPOSE: The evidence of the benefits of Tai Chi Chuan on cognitive functions, aerobic capacity and mood states of older adults remain unclear. A cross-sectional study was designed to explore the potential effects of Tai Chi Chuan on these aspects. METHODS: A total of 50 older adults were divided into the Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) ( = 17), aerobic exercise (AEE) ( = 17), and sedentary lifestyle (SL) ( = 16) groups. Differences in P3 amplitude, P3 latency, reaction time, maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) and mood states were observed. RESULTS: The reaction time of the subjects in the TCC group was significantly shorter than that in the SL group ( < .05). Meanwhile, the VOmax of the subjects in the TCC and AEE groups was significantly higher than that in the SL group ( < .001). The P3 amplitude of the subjects in the TCC group was significantly higher than that in the SL group ( < .01). Higher P3 amplitude and shorter latency were found among the subjects in the TCC group compared with those in the SL group ( < .05). In addition, the P3 amplitudes of the subjects at the Cz and Pz sites were significantly correlated with reaction time and VOmax. The results of the mood states test indicated that TCC improves positive mood and suppresses negative mood among older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that TCC may provide superior benefits for the cognitive functions and psychology of older adults compared with aerobic exercises.
Adult Age, Moral Foundations, and Moral Stereotyping.
Khalatian P, Bixter MT
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40186537 · Full text
BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The main aim of the current study was to investigate the role of adult age in the moral stereotyping of moral foundations. The five core moral foundations of Moral Foundations Theory were measur...
BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The main aim of the current study was to investigate the role of adult age in the moral stereotyping of moral foundations. The five core moral foundations of Moral Foundations Theory were measured, including the individualizing foundations of and and the binding foundations of , , and . METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions: a self-evaluation condition where participants completed the moral questionnaire as themselves, a condition where participants provided ratings as they believed a typical younger adult would answer them, and a condition where participants provided ratings as they believed a typical older adult would answer them. Experiment 1 included younger and older adult participants, and Experiment 2 included participants across adulthood (range 19 to 85). RESULTS: Older adulthood was associated with higher individualizing foundations ratings (Experiment 1, Experiment 2) and higher binding foundations ratings (Experiment 1). Results found significant moral stereotyping, with participants tending to imagine older adults providing significantly lower ratings on individualizing moral foundations than younger adults but higher ratings on binding moral foundations. Finally, older adults were more accurate in their predictions of the moral foundations ratings of younger adults than vice versa. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that adult age group is a salient factor that people form generalizations about regarding moral foundations, which could then contribute to either real or perceived "generational divides" on various sociocultural issues.
Impact of the Physical Activity Level of Master Athletes on Divided Attention and Binding Processes in Episodic Memory: A Virtual Reality Study.
Maurisse IN, Piolino P, Nouvel L … +6 more , Orriols E, Bellegarde A, Chikhi S, Largant B, Lepers R, Blanchet S
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40176330 · Publisher ↗
Master athletes are a model of successful aging as their high level of physical activity limits the age-related change of physiological functions. This model is used to investigate how a high level of physical activity i...
Master athletes are a model of successful aging as their high level of physical activity limits the age-related change of physiological functions. This model is used to investigate how a high level of physical activity impacts cognitive functioning. We aim to study the effect of a high level of physical activity on the ability to manage interferences and binding processes in episodic encoding in an ecological situation. Fifty-five participants were recruited and separated into three groups: 18 master athletes (MA, = 69.39, = 1.13 years), 18 young adults (YA, = 22.44, = 1.10 years), and 19 older adults with a moderate level of physical activity (OA, = 72.11, = 1.10 years). Participants performed an episodic memory task assessing binding processes by encoding under either full or divided attention using a virtual reality technique. After encoding under divided attention, MA outperformed OA in the interference task as well as in the binding score on both free and cued recall. After encoding under full attention, YA and MA did not differ in the number of events recalled in cued recall. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between weekly volume of physical activity and cognitive performance. Binding and interference management, and probably the hippocampus along with prefrontal areas, benefit the most from a sustained and regular physical activity in master athletes.
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