Experimental Aging Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Effect of Regular Exercise on Cognitive Frailty in the Elderly: A Systematic Review.
Ji W, Sun L, Geng Q … +1 more , Zheng G
Exp Aging Res · 2026 · PMID 40152943 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: As one of the common senile syndromes characterized by the co-existence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia, the occurrence of cognitive frailty (CF) increases the risk of adverse he...
OBJECTIVES: As one of the common senile syndromes characterized by the co-existence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia, the occurrence of cognitive frailty (CF) increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, its reversibility has attracted the interest of researchers in the search for effective interventions. A growing number of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of regular physical exercise intervention on cognitive frailty in older adults with CF, but findings remain inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the pooled effect of current regular exercise intervention in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. METHODS: Nine electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCOHost, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP and SinoMed) were searched from their inception to 15 May, 2024. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2) for RCTs was applied to assess the methodological quality. The mean difference or standardized mean difference with 95% CIs was calculated by using Stata 18.0. RESULTS: Seventeen eligible studies involving a total of 2239 participants were included. The pooled results showed that older adults with CF in the intervention group had significant improvement in global cognitive function performance (MMSE scores: MD = 1.93 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.85, < .0001, and MoCA scores: MD = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.57 to 4.91, < .0001), executive function (time of TMT-B test: MD = -20.73, 95% CI: -33.96 to -7.50, = .002), physical frailty state (Fried frailty phenotype scores: MD = -1.48, 95% CI: -2.37 to -0.58, = .001, and EFS scores: MD = -0.81 points, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.49, < .0001), grip strength (SMD = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.07, = .02), gait and balance (time of TUG: MD = -2.62, 95% CI: -4.12 to -1.11, = .001), balance (BBS scores: MD = 8.56, 95% CI:- 3.37 to 13.75, = .001) and quality of life (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.21, = .001). CONCLUSIONS: More than eight weeks of regular exercise interventions may improve global cognitive function and physical frailty status, but the effect on specific domains of cognitive or physical function needs further study to confirm.
Cognitive Training and Enrichment Modulates Neural Plasticity and Enhances Cognitive Reserve in Aging Rats.
Stephen J, Kharkongor R, Khan U … +2 more , Kathirvel M, Radhakrishnan R
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40116649 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive decline in non-pathological aging is widely prevalent among the aging population. The current study assessed the impact of cognitive training (Ct) with multiple modules targeting various facets of l...
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive decline in non-pathological aging is widely prevalent among the aging population. The current study assessed the impact of cognitive training (Ct) with multiple modules targeting various facets of learning and memory and the additional influence of an enriched environment (Ct+ee) on hippocampal subfields of aging male rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats aged 18 months were sorted into Control, Ct, and Ct+ee groups and were exposed to the respective modules for 30 days. Spontaneous behavioral tasks to assess working memory and recognition memory were performed. The hippocampal proper (CA1, CA3) and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons were analyzed for dendrite length, arborization, and spine density. The Synaptophysin, PSD 95 and BDNF, p53 and p-tau levels in the hippocampus were quantified. RESULTS: The Ct group and Ct+ee group performed significantly better than the control group in behavioural tasks and had improved dendrite profiles of DG and basal tree of CA1 region of hippocampus. The Ct+ee group had increased dendrite length, arborization, and spine density in CA1, CA3 and DG neurons. Ct and Ct+ee groups showed increased expression of synaptophysin, PSD95 and BDNF and decreased p53 and p-tau levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: Cognitive training modules targeting specific mnemonic functions and enriched environment with diverse cognitive stimulators had a comprehensive effect on the neuronal health augmenting the impoverished cognitive reserve in aging rats.
Investigating the Evolution of Odor-Evoked Memories Retrieval in Normal Aging: Theoretical and Clinical Implications.
Lopis D, Valentin D, Manetta C
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40110895 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Olfactory-based cognitive stimulation is frequently proposed for memory-impaired patients (namely dementia patients), but little is known about the scientific rationale underlying odor choice. OBJECTIVES: Her...
BACKGROUND: Olfactory-based cognitive stimulation is frequently proposed for memory-impaired patients (namely dementia patients), but little is known about the scientific rationale underlying odor choice. OBJECTIVES: Here, we aimed at investigating the evolution of the olfactory experience related to memory evocation in normal aging. Methods. We presented 20 odorants to 25 Young Adults (YA), 36 "young" Older Adults (OA; 65 - 74y) and 26 "old" OA (75 - 89y) and asked them to freely report what each odor evoked to them. Responses were analyzed using both univariate inferential statistics and multivariate descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Results showed that the ability to experience phenomenological properties of evoked memories decreases with advancing age. Odor identity is increasingly used as a retrieval cue with age, providing necessary support for OA retrieval strategies. However, semantic information does not enhance the chances for old-OA to experience memories' phenomenological properties. CONCLUSION: Tailoring the choice of odors during stimulating activities is therefore crucial. In this respect, we provided a limited selection of the most well-characterized odorous stimuli and sorted them based on the phenomenological experience they're more likely to trigger across ages.
What Factors are Associated with Age Differences In Intentional Decision Avoidance?
Nolte J, Löckenhoff CE
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40059369 · Publisher ↗
To examine why older adults avoid choices more, two pre-registered, U.S.-based studies ( = 164, = 50.71, = 485, = 51.08) evaluated the roles of cognitive load and affect. In Study 2, half were randomized to a writing...
To examine why older adults avoid choices more, two pre-registered, U.S.-based studies ( = 164, = 50.71, = 485, = 51.08) evaluated the roles of cognitive load and affect. In Study 2, half were randomized to a writing condition theorized to decrease avoidance. Across studies, older age was positively associated with avoiding choices and improved affect after doing so. Avoidance was linked to perceiving higher cognitive loads but neither load nor other covariates accounted for older adults' avoidance tendencies. The writing condition resulted in lower cognitive loads and more positive decision-related affect but did not decrease avoidance.
Is Functioning of Older Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Related to Health Literacy?
Miyamoto Moriya K, da Silva VC, Castilho Alonso A … +2 more , Montiel JM, Zanca GG
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40022298 · Publisher ↗
We investigated the relationship between health literacy (HL) and functioning among older adults with and without chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). In a cross-sectional study, we assessed 121 older adults with CMP and...
We investigated the relationship between health literacy (HL) and functioning among older adults with and without chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). In a cross-sectional study, we assessed 121 older adults with CMP and 53 without pain using WHODAS 2.0 for functioning and the Newest Vital Sign for HL assessment. Cluster analysis identified groups based on functioning levels. A decision tree model was developed, to account for nonlinear interactions. We found a relationship of inadequate HL with lower functioning in older adults with CMP, particularly when aged over 70 and those younger but with lower education levels. Findings highlight the importance of screening HL among older adults with CMP and considering it for tailoring interventions.
Identifying Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity Associated with Exercise-Induced Cognitive Change in Older Adults with MCI.
Savettiere A, Louras P, Langdon S … +1 more , Fairchild JK
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40017026 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This exploratory study aimed to identify biomarkers of neuroplasticity that prevent cognitive decline. This study examined activity-dependent changes in the neurologic proteome that contributed to post-exerci...
OBJECTIVES: This exploratory study aimed to identify biomarkers of neuroplasticity that prevent cognitive decline. This study examined activity-dependent changes in the neurologic proteome that contributed to post-exercise improvements in processing speed in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Participants included 20 older adult Veterans with MCI recruited through the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) who participated in moderate-high intensity water-based activity thrice weekly for six months. Plasma protein concentration was measured using the Olink Target 96 Neurology Assay. Processing speed measures included the Trail Making Test Trial A (TMT-A), the Stroop Color (SC) and Word (SW) trials, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). RESULTS: Preliminary analyses revealed two proteins of interest: neuropilin-2 (NRP2) and neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1). Primary analyses used mixed effects models to determine the impact of changes in neurologic-related proteins on changes in processing speed after exercise. Results indicated that decreased levels of NRP2 were associated with improved outcomes on the SDMT after exercise. In contrast, changes in NBL1 had no significant effect on the relationship between exercise and processing speed. CONCLUSION: These results support previous research linking NRP2 function to synaptic plasticity downscaling and present NRP2 as a potential target for cognitive intervention.
Worry Moderates Plasma Placental Growth Factor (PIGF) and Cognition in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI).
Lam JC, Louras P, Savettiere A … +1 more , Fairchild JK
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 40013318 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Elevated worry is an early indicator of cognitive decline in older adults. Worry has been linked to pro-inflammatory processes though the exact relations between worry, inflammation, and cognition in older ad...
BACKGROUND: Elevated worry is an early indicator of cognitive decline in older adults. Worry has been linked to pro-inflammatory processes though the exact relations between worry, inflammation, and cognition in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) remain unexplored. The present study studied the association of worry with proteomic biomarkers of inflammation and cognition. METHOD: Participants include 66 community-dwelling older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Inflammation was analyzed using the modified aptamer-based assay SomaScan Platform. Primary analyses consisted of two hierarchical regression models with mean-centered worry and inflammation as independent variables and age as covariate. Composite scores of executive function and processing speed were entered as the dependent variable in separate models. RESULTS: Results indicate a significant interaction between worry and placental growth factor (PIGF) on processing speed, such that worry intensifies the inverse relationship of PIGF and processing speed. Worry did not interact with PIGF to predict executive functioning. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate an important moderating role of worry in the association of pro-inflammatory PIGF and processing speed. Results suggest that older adults with cognitive impairment may be more susceptible to the indirect impact of worry and expands emerging research on the role of PIGF in cognitive impairment.
Comparison of the Effect of Active Video Games and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Executive Functions of the Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.
Kianimotlagh I, Abedanzadeh R, Hashemi A
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39968891 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Among the changes related to aging in the elderly, a decline in executive functions is notable. The present study aimed to investigate the comparative impact of active video games (AVG) and transcranial direc...
OBJECTIVES: Among the changes related to aging in the elderly, a decline in executive functions is notable. The present study aimed to investigate the comparative impact of active video games (AVG) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on executive functions in elderly individuals in Khuzestan province, Iran. METHODS: This research employed a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design, including a control group and follow-up. The statistical population comprised all elderly residents of Khuzestan province. Sixty elderly participants (60 years and above) were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three experimental groups (tDCS, AVG, tDCS + AVG) and one control group. They received interventions for 5 weeks (2 sessions per week). Data were collected using the N-back, Stroop, and Wisconsin Card Sorting tests. Data analysis was performed using mixed-ANOVA with SPSS version 25, and significance was set at < .05. RESULTS: The results of the study demonstrated that AVG and tDCS significantly improved working memory and cognitive flexibility in the elderly. Comparison between the two intervention groups indicated a greater effect of tDCS compared to AVG ( < .05). Additionally, the combined group showed better performance in posttest and memory follow-up compared to the other groups, although no significant difference was found in the attention component ( > .05). CONCLUSION: Engaging in AVG and tDCS can contribute to improving executive functions in the elderly. Therefore, it is recommended that these therapeutic techniques be utilized in elderly care centers to enhance the executive performance of these individuals.
Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Older Patients with Comorbid Conditions: A Pilot Study.
Choi SI, Lim SJ, Kim NY
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39949050 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in older patients with neurological gait disorder accompanied by various comorbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included Individ...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in older patients with neurological gait disorder accompanied by various comorbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included Individuals aged ≥65 years with degenerative brain diseases or stroke causing gait disorders for >6 months in open-label, a pilot study. RAGT was performed for 30 min/day, 2 days/week for 12 weeks. The intensity was set to 60% of the individual's heart rate maximum reserve. Primary outcome measures were the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcomes included Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and evaluation of satisfaction. RESULTS: Thirteen participants completed 24 sessions. Neurological diseases included stroke ( = 7) and Parkinson's disease ( = 6); all patients had at least two other diseases. After RAGT, TUG test results significantly improved, and BBS scores increased. Furthermore, BDI scores decreased, and scores of social functioning and mental health domain in the SF-36 increased. Participants rated high scores on satisfaction of RAGT. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding showed that RAGT is a safe and effective intervention for enhancing physical function, improving quality of life, and reducing depression levels in older patients with neurological gait disorder accompanied by various comorbidities.
Association Between Oral Health Status and DMFT Index with Cognitive Dysfunction in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Khalili Z, Mozafarimanesh A, Najafi H … +3 more , Vakili-Basir A, Salehi Sarookollaei M, Papi S
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39835876 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction is a significant issue in old age and can cause many problems in older adults, especially those with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health status a...
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction is a significant issue in old age and can cause many problems in older adults, especially those with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health status and DMFT index with cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older adults with T2D (type 2 diabetes). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that included 245 older people aged 60 years and older with T2D, visiting healthcare centers in north of Iran, using the cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included clinical-demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. A P-value <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean age of older adults in this study was 64.86 ± 3.99 years. The mean and standard deviation for the DMFT index, GOHAI index and MMSE scale were 9.39 ± 3.83, 34.29 ± 17.93 and 15.18 ± 10.04 respectively. The results showed statistically significant relationship between poor oral health status and the cognitive status of older adults with T2D ( < .001). Additionally, the relationship between oral health index domains (physical function, psychosocial function and pain) and cognitive status in older adults was significant ( < .001). Another finding indicated an inverse and significant relationship between the DMFT index and cognitive dysfunction in older adults ( < .001). CONCLUSION: Poor oral health was associated with cognitive dysfunction among the community-dwelling older adults with T2D. Given the high prevalence of T2D in older adults and the critical importance of oral and dental health for cognition, it is necessary to develop interventions to improve oral health in older adults with T2D.
Reactive Turning Behavior in Older Adults: Age-Related Decrease is Evident under Increased Task Demand.
Nakamura T, Suda Y, Higuchi T
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39670803 · Publisher ↗
A sudden turn initiated at an unpredictable moment is referred to as reactive turning. This study was designed to seek an age-related decrease in reactive turning when the task demand for turning was increased using a ta...
A sudden turn initiated at an unpredictable moment is referred to as reactive turning. This study was designed to seek an age-related decrease in reactive turning when the task demand for turning was increased using a task-switching paradigm. Twenty healthy older adults and 14 younger adults were instructed to walk and execute a 90-degree turn under two conditions. In the "reactive turning condition," participants were asked to turn abruptly when the initially presented travel direction (e.g. right) switched to the opposite direction (e.g. left) while walking. This switch occurred in only one-fifth of 40 trials. In the "pre-planned turning condition," participants were informed of the direction beforehand. The onset of the center of mass (COM) shift in older participants failed to reach significance compared to younger participants. However, correlation analyses showed impaired turning performance in older participants, as those with delayed COM shift exhibited larger pelvic rotations over a short period during reactive turning. This suggests that, owing to increased task demand, older adults had difficulty quickly responding and sufficiently rotating their bodies in the new direction. We conclude that reactive turning with increased task demand, using a task-switching paradigm, is a key factor in detecting age-related performance decline.
The Effects of the Nocturnal Sleep on Learning of a Complex Motor Skill in Young and Older Adults.
Leal MG, Dos Martírios Luz JE, Fidelix YL … +2 more , Roig-Hierro E, Bonuzzi GMG
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39666308 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Research on older adults has shown impairments in nocturnal sleep, impacting motor memory consolidation and learning. However, previous studies primarily focus on simple tasks, limiting generali...
BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Research on older adults has shown impairments in nocturnal sleep, impacting motor memory consolidation and learning. However, previous studies primarily focus on simple tasks, limiting generalization to complex motor activities. Moreover, no evidence exists on how sleep influences adaptability and relearning in older adults. METHODS: Sixty older adults and 60 young adults practiced an underarm dart-throwing task. The participants were divided into 2 sub-groups: SLEEP, which practiced in the evening and was retested on the morning of the following day, and CONTROL, which practiced in the morning and was retested in the evening on the same day. The practice and retention phases were spaced 12 hours. We analyzed motor learning through persistence, adaptability and relearning rate. RESULTS: Sleep did not enhance motor learning for any group. While young adults exhibited retention, older adults did not, especially after nocturnal sleep. There was no difference between sub-groups in adaptability. Older adults demonstrated inferior relearning compared to young adults, independently of sleep. CONCLUSION: Nocturnal sleep did not influence memory consolidation in any group. On the contrary, our findings suggest that nocturnal sleep harms retention in older adults. Age-related characteristics induce a worse relearning rate regardless of sleep occurrence.
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Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39654119 · Publisher ↗
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The Association Between Pain and Physical Frailty Among Older Adults in India: Depression and Insomnia as Mediators.
Muhammad T, Pai M, Ali W
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39644185 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between body pain and physical frailty among older adults in India and to examine whether this association is mediated by symptoms of depression and insomnia. METHODS: Data were...
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between body pain and physical frailty among older adults in India and to examine whether this association is mediated by symptoms of depression and insomnia. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, comprising 31,464 adults aged 60 and older. Physical frailty was assessed using a modified version of the frailty phenotype developed by Fried and colleagues. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze associations, and the Karlson-Holm-Breen method was employed to evaluate mediation effects. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty was 30.65%, with women showing a higher prevalence than men (33.16% vs. 27.85%). Older adults experiencing body pain had increased odds of frailty (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35). Depression (aOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.44-2.01) and insomnia symptoms (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.38-1.81) were independently associated with higher odds of frailty. Mediation analysis showed that depression mediated 8.4% of the association between pain and frailty in men and 6.11% in women. Insomnia symptoms mediated 11.47% of the association in men and 14.54% in women. CONCLUSION: Body pain was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of frailty among older adults in India. Symptoms of depression and insomnia partially mediated this association, with a stronger mediating effect observed for insomnia in women. Inclusive health care strategies addressing pain, depression, and insomnia could help mitigate the risk of frailty in this population.
An Investigation of Non-Auditory Lexical Language Skills in Relation to Hearing Ability and Second Language Use in Older Adults.
Vogelzang M
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39629766 · Publisher ↗
This study explored how age-related hearing loss and second language use relate to non-auditory lexical language abilities in 74 older adults (mean age 63; range 50-73). Participants completed a cognitive task (backwards...
This study explored how age-related hearing loss and second language use relate to non-auditory lexical language abilities in 74 older adults (mean age 63; range 50-73). Participants completed a cognitive task (backwards digit span) and two lexical tasks: a verbal fluency task, which has a stronger cognitive component, and a vocabulary task, which has a lesser cognitive component. Our findings suggest that fundamental language skills are distinct from perceptual difficulties - at least in a lexical task with a lesser cognitive component. In the lexical task with a stronger cognitive component, we found evidence for a complex relation between age-related hearing loss and the frequency of second language use.
Age Difference on the Spatial Scale of Object Categorization.
Boucart M, Lenoble Q, Peyrin C
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39612271 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: As the elderly population is growing worldwide and communication is increasingly relayed by visual interfaces, identifying age-related changes in the visual perception of complex stimuli is critical. We exami...
BACKGROUND: As the elderly population is growing worldwide and communication is increasingly relayed by visual interfaces, identifying age-related changes in the visual perception of complex stimuli is critical. We examined the effect of spatial frequency filtering on object categorization in young (mean 25 years) and older (mean 65 years) participants. METHOD: The stimuli used were low spatial frequency (LSF, cutoff 8 cpi) or high spatial frequency (HSF, cutoff 24 cpi) images of objects of various categories, and hybrid images composed of a LSF object superimposed on a HSF object from a different semantic category. Participants were asked to press a key when they detected an object from a specified category (e.g., animal). RESULTS: Young participants categorized efficiently LSF and HSF images, and exhibited a bias towards the HSF component of hybrid images. Older participants showed a better performance on LSF than on HSF images and exhibited a strong bias towards the LSF component of hybrid image. CONCLUSION: The results show that LSF are better preserved than HSF in older people. The greater interference of LSF than HSF in older than in young adults suggests that LSF are available earlier than HSF in older people.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition.
Akbuğa Koç E, Çil ET, Çakır Ş … +3 more , Ahmetoğlu A, Yahya H, Çınar N
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39612263 · Publisher ↗
The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) was explicitly developed as a brief cognitive screening tool for general practitioners. It consists of a patient section testing cognition and an informant section...
The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) was explicitly developed as a brief cognitive screening tool for general practitioners. It consists of a patient section testing cognition and an informant section asking historical questions. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of GPCOG-Tr on older Turkish adults. The study included two hundred thirty ( = 230) community-dwelling individuals aged at least 55. The GPCOG was translated, back-translated, and revised to determine the final GPCOG-Tr. The sample was divided into the patient group (with memory complaints) and the control group (without memory complaints). The GPCOG-Tr was compared against standard criteria for diagnosis of dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th edition), the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, the Mini-mental State Examination, The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) subscale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The reliability test was done on 30 participants after two weeks. The two-stage method of administering the GPCOG-Tr had a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 92%, a misclassification rate of 11.3%, and a positive predictive value of 92%. The test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 0.98. The GPCOG-Tr total was at least equivalent to the MMSE and ADAS-Cog in detecting dementia. The GPCOG-Tr displayed solid psychometric properties, offering the general practitioners an efficient cognitive instrument for older Turkish people.
Association Between Metabolic Disorders and Cognitive Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
Gil Rodrigues Pedroso Anibal L, Neves Freiria C, Maria da Silva G … +6 more , Borim FSA, Pereira de Brito TR, de Oliveira Pain A, Aprahamian I, Milanski Ferreira M, Pires Corona L
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39535915 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: evaluate the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and cognitive performance (global and in each domain) in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: cross-sectional study with 544 participants (≥60 y...
OBJECTIVES: evaluate the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and cognitive performance (global and in each domain) in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: cross-sectional study with 544 participants (≥60 years). Cognition was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument - Short (CASI-S), evaluating four domains: memory, orientation, executive function, recall. MetS was identified considering five components: abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, and hypertension. Mann-Whitney test and Poisson regression models adjusted for age and education were used to assess the differences in cognition scores. RESULTS: Hypertensive participants had lower global cognition, and those with hypertriglyceridemia had lower memory scores; obese individuals reached lower executive function and higher recall scores. Diabetes was associated with worse recall in men, and low HDL to lower memory scores; hypertensive women had worse recall. In adjusted models, association between abdominal obesity, executive function and recall (total sample) remained significant ( = .003 and = .048, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Global cognition was not associated to metabolic disorders, but obesity was associated to lower executive function and higher recall. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Assessing each cognitive domain may be more sensitive in subjects with MetS components, and interaction between components, sex and education also must be considered to establish adequate care strategies for the older adults.
Role of Cardiovascular Risk in Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Longitudinal Brain and Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults.
Shearon J, Jackson J, Head D … +1 more , Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39514806 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been associated with better neurocognitive outcomes. BDNF is present in cardiovascular tissue, and some evidence suggests it may benefit cardiova...
BACKGROUND: Higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been associated with better neurocognitive outcomes. BDNF is present in cardiovascular tissue, and some evidence suggests it may benefit cardiovascular function. The current study assessed whether there is a mediating and/or moderating role of cardiovascular health in the relationship between BDNF and brain and cognitive outcomes. METHOD: We examined longitudinal data from 397 older adults (aged 54-89;164 females, 233 males) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with available plasma BDNF, medical, neuroimaging, and cognitive assessments. We used path analysis and linear regression to estimate the mediating and moderating roles of two measures of cardiovascular health, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and pulse pressure, in the relationships between BDNF and longitudinal changes in brain structure (white matter hyperintensity volume, hippocampal volume, and primary visual cortex volume) and cognitive function (executive function, episodic memory, and language). RESULTS: There was no significant association of plasma BDNF with FRS or pulse pressure (ps > 0.31), precluding mediation. There were no robust associations between BDNF and longitudinal change in any brain structural or cognitive measures (ps > .12). Higher FRS was significantly associated with greater increases in WMH volume (ps < .01). FRS and pulse pressure were not associated with any other brain structural or cognitive outcomes (ps > .07). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cardiovascular health may not play an important role in the influence of BDNF on neurocognitive health in older adults.
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain is Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Independent of Physical Activity.
Esposito E, Lemes IR, Salimei PS … +6 more , Morelhão PK, Marques LBF, Martins MDS, Cynthia G, Franco MR, Pinto RZ
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39499529 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in adults is high; however, whether there is an association between these conditions in older adults is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this s...
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in adults is high; however, whether there is an association between these conditions in older adults is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of depressive symptoms with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and specifically with chronic LBP and knee osteoarthritis (OA), in community-dwelling older adults. In addition, we explored whether physical activity can mitigate these associations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design. A cross-sectional study design. Participants recruited were older adults (age ≥60 years) living in the community. Chronic musculoskeletal pain was assessed by specific questions regarding the presence of chronic LBP and knee OA. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable regression model adjusted for potential confounders (i.e., age, sex, economic status, body composition, and physical activity) was used to investigate the association between chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms. Separate analyses were also conducted for older adults with LBP and with knee OA. RESULTS: A total of 509 (69% women) older adults were recruited. The regression analysis showed that musculoskeletal pain was associated with higher depressive symptoms ( = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.50 to 4.54; p-value < .05) compared with older adults without chronic musculoskeletal pain. Similarly, in the fully adjusted model, which included physical activity, LBP was associated with higher depressive symptoms ( = 2.80, 95% CI: 0.82 to 4.79; p-value < .01). The association between knee OA and depressive symptoms was not statistically significant after adjusting for physical activity ( = 2.00, 95% CI: -0.13 to 4.13; p-value = .06). CONCLUSION: Older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain have higher depressive symptoms scores, when compared to those without musculoskeletal pain. Physical activity does not seem to influence this association.
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