Experimental Aging Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Predictors of the Disability in Activities of Daily Living in Nursing Home Residents: A Descriptive Study.
Sahin UK, Acaröz S
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39480683 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is a common problem among nursing home residents. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the geriatric syndromes that contribute to disability in nursing h...
BACKGROUND: Disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is a common problem among nursing home residents. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the geriatric syndromes that contribute to disability in nursing home residents. METHOD: The cross-sectional study included 124 older adults from two nursing homes. ADL disability was assessed with the Barthel Index. The sociodemographic characteristics and geriatric syndromes, including malnutrition, sarcopenia risk, frailty, immobility, urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, and balance dysfunction were evaluated. RESULTS: The 124 residents had a mean age of 80.12 ± 9.20 years and included 55.67% males. Age, malnutrition, sarcopenia risk, frailty, immobility, urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, and balance dysfunction were all significantly correlated with the Barthel Index. However, only malnutrition, immobility, and urinary incontinence were found to account for 84.9% of the variance in disability of nursing home residents in regression analysis. These geriatric syndromes are the best predictors of ADL disability in all models ( < .05). CONCLUSION: This study found that malnutrition, immobility, and urinary incontinence considerably contributed to the disability profile of nursing home residents. Health professionals need to develop multi-dimensional care and prevention strategies, especially for geriatric syndromes such as malnutrition, immobility, and urinary incontinence.
Effect of Age and Education on Discourse Cohesion.
Kevická V, Marková J, Buntová D
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39445495 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Several studies have proven the presence of cohesion difficulties in neurogenic communication disorders. However, we still have very little information about discourse cohesion in the intact adult population...
BACKGROUND: Several studies have proven the presence of cohesion difficulties in neurogenic communication disorders. However, we still have very little information about discourse cohesion in the intact adult population and the factors that influence it. The aim of the present study is to provide additional information on this topic and to assess the effect of age and education on discourse cohesion. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two healthy Slovak-speaking adult participants were divided into three age groups and three education groups were asked to tell Cinderella's story. The cohesion of the obtained discourse samples was evaluated. RESULTS: Our study indicates no significant effect of age. However, an increasing tendency of the occurrence of cohesive tie errors with increasing age was described. Education, on the other hand, turned out to be a statistically significant factor and had an impact on the overall use of cohesive ties as well as the use of referential pronouns. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that monitoring the influence of education when creating normative data for discourse cohesion is more important than monitoring the effect of age.
Association of Spouses' Sensory Loss with Depressive Symptoms, Self-Reported Health, and Functional Disability Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Li X, Huang W, Feng H … +3 more , Zhao Y, Nan J, Duan Y
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39440365 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate cross-sectional associations between spouses' sensory loss and depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and functional disability. METHODS: We included 10,410 individuals from the China Health an...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate cross-sectional associations between spouses' sensory loss and depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and functional disability. METHODS: We included 10,410 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used the cross-sectional design and determined hearing loss, vision loss, and dual sensory loss by self-reports. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We assessed self-reported health status using one item. Functional disability was defined as having difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). RESULTS: Individuals with spouses' dual sensory loss had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (45.19%), ADL (17.31%), and IADL impairments (21.97%) and a lower rate of self-rated good health (20.78%) than those with no or single loss. Spouse's sensory loss was associated with depressive symptoms, self-rated health, ADL, and IADL impairments ( < .05). Husbands' ADL impairments were associated with wives' vision loss ( < .05). Wives' IADL impairments were associated with husbands' hearing loss ( < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Spouses' sensory loss was related to depressive symptoms, self-rated health, ADL, and IADL impairments. There was a gender specificity in the effect of spousal vision loss or hearing loss on ADL and IADL impairments.
Effects of Motor and Cognitive Dual-Task Demands on Ankle Dorsiflexor and Plantarflexor Force Control in Older Adults.
Ishizaka R, Nojima I, Ishida K … +4 more , Sugiura H, Takahashi A, Minami K, Watanabe T
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39417385 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Force steadiness can be impaired under dual-task conditions in older adults. Since this impairment is attributed to their limited attentional resources, we hypothesized that the degree of cortical activity in...
BACKGROUND: Force steadiness can be impaired under dual-task conditions in older adults. Since this impairment is attributed to their limited attentional resources, we hypothesized that the degree of cortical activity involved in muscle contraction would affect force steadiness under dual-task conditions. To test this hypothesis, based on the premise that dorsiflexion requires more cortical resources than plantarflexion, we compared the effects of additional motor and cognitive task demands on force steadiness between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion contractions in young and older adults. METHOD: Eighteen young and eighteen older adults performed a force tracking task by applying either isometric dorsiflexion or plantarflexion force concurrently with and without (control) secondary upper-limb motor or cognitive task. RESULTS: Force steadiness was impaired by both secondary upper-limb motor and cognitive tasks for the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors in older adults. While force steadiness was impaired similarly by additional task demands regardless of the secondary task type for the dorsiflexors, the impairment effect was larger in the secondary cognitive than motor task for the plantarflexors. CONCLUSION: The effects of dual-task demand on force steadiness could depend on the degree of cortical activity involved in muscle contraction in older adults.
Mediating Effect of Cognitive Reserve in the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
Zhang HR, Wu JW, Wang L … +2 more , Ye MZ, Zheng GH
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39369388 · Publisher ↗
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on the association between physical activity and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. A total of 495 community-dwe...
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on the association between physical activity and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. A total of 495 community-dwelling older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. The CR, cognitive function, physical activity, and the potential confounders were assessed. Regression and bootstrap analyses were used to explore the mediating role of CR in physical activity and cognitive function. Compared to older adults with low to moderate physical activity, older adults with high physical activity had significantly better global cognitive function (βMoCA scores = 1.22, 95% CI 0.41 ~ 2.04) and visual spatial function (βCDT scores = 0.52, 95% CI 0.11 ~ 0.94) after adjustment for the confounders. CR mediated the association between physical activity and cognitive function with an indirect effect for global cognitive function (βMoCAscores = -0.29, 95% CI -0.56 ~ -0.09) and visual spatial function (βCDTscores = -0.14, 95% CI -0.28 ~ -0.05) after adjusting for the confounders, with 23.8% and 26.7% as percentage of mediation, respectively. These findings suggest that high physical activity could be effective in increasing cognitive reserve and preserving or improving cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.
A Diffusion Model Account of Cognitive Variability in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Aschenbrenner AJ, Jackson JJ
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39344176 · Full text
Within-person variation in cognitive performance is linked to pathological aging. Cognitive fluctuations have not been analyzed using cognitive process models, such as the diffusion model, to characterize which cognitive...
Within-person variation in cognitive performance is linked to pathological aging. Cognitive fluctuations have not been analyzed using cognitive process models, such as the diffusion model, to characterize which cognitive processes contribute to variability in cognition. We collected 21 daily assessments of attention and personality in younger adults, healthy older adults, and those with mild cognitive impairment. We employed mixed-effects location scale models to analyze group differences on mean diffusion parameters and daily variability. Discussion focuses on how these methods extend our understanding of how cognitive deficits might appear in aging and disease and the moderating influence of daily personality.
Examination of the Relationship Between Sensory Processing Skills, Kinesiophobia and Fear of Falling in Older Adults with Hypertension and Normotension.
Cemali M, Sarı M, Öztürk D … +2 more , Elmas Ö, Karaduman AA
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39222982 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate fear of falling, kinesiophobia, and sensory processing in older adults with hypertension and normotension. METHODS: Older adults, 62 with hypertension and 62 with normo...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate fear of falling, kinesiophobia, and sensory processing in older adults with hypertension and normotension. METHODS: Older adults, 62 with hypertension and 62 with normotension, aged 65-84 years were included in the study. The assessment of fear of falling was conducted using the Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale, kinesiophobia was evaluated with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, and sensory processing skills were analyzed with the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of vestibular processing, visual processing and activity level, fear of falling and kinesiophobia ( < .05). No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to taste/smell, tactile, and auditory processing skills. The findings revealed that older adults with hypertension exhibited diminished vestibular and visual processing abilities, reduced activity levels, and heightened concerns about falling and a tendency to experience kinesiophobia. Fear of falling and kinesiophobia were found to increase with decreasing vestibular processing skills and activity levels in both groups ( < .05). Regression analysis revealed that age, kinesiophobia, vestibular processing, and activity levels were significant determinants of fear of falling ( < .05). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that older adults with hypertension be assessed in terms of sensory, functional, and mental health, with the objective of planning appropriate intervention approaches.
AMPA Receptors Endocytosis Inhibition Attenuates Cognition Deficit Via c-Fos/BDNF Signaling in Amyloid Neurotoxicity.
Eyvani K, Letafatkar N, Babaei P
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39077805 · Publisher ↗
Glutamatergic imbalance, particularly downregulation of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPARs) endocytosis, has been addressed as a possible reason for cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer...
Glutamatergic imbalance, particularly downregulation of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPARs) endocytosis, has been addressed as a possible reason for cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that inhibition of AMPAR endocytosis may ameliorate memory impairment in AD model of rats. To approach this, twenty-four adults male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: saline + saline (control group), A + saline, and A + Tat-GluR23Y (AMPA endocytosis inhibitor). Animals received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of A (1-42) to induce neuro-toxicity, followed by chronic administration of GluR23Y, and further behavioral assessments by MWM. Afterward, the hippocampal level of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and c-Fos was measured via Western blotting. The results of our study revealed that chronic administration of GluR23Y improved both working and reference memories evidenced by shorter latency time and longer total time spent in the target zone in MWM. Additionally, this improvement was paralleled by an increase in BDNF, but a decrease in c-Fos. In conclusion, GluR23Y improves spatial memory impairment at least partly via elevating neuroprotective factor of BDNF and reducing apoptotic protein of c-Fos.
The Combined Effect of Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic Extract and Swimming Exercise on Memory and Oxidative Stress in Old Male Rats.
Heydarnia Kalati Z, Harati H, Abtahi-Eivary SH … +4 more , Dehestany Zarch MJ, Karami Y, Moghimian M, Fani M
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39074047 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effect of swim exercise along with consumption of bindii hydroalcoholic extract on memory and the oxidative stress markers in old male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effect of swim exercise along with consumption of bindii hydroalcoholic extract on memory and the oxidative stress markers in old male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 32 old (400-500 g) and eight young male Wistar rats. The groups included young, old, old bindii (200 mg/kg), old exercise, and old bindii exercise (concurrent swimming training). All interventions were performed within 14 days. The animals' spatial memory was evaluated by the Y maze, radial maze, and shuttle box, Oxidative stress factors were also measured. RESULTS: Compared to the old control group, the bindii extract along with swimming exercise significantly increased the periodic behavior percentage in the Y maze and the delay time in entry into the dark chamber in the shuttle box but no significant difference was seen in the reference memory error in the radial maze. Also, a significant increase in the amount of catalase (CAT) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: These results show that exercise, along with the bindii extract consumption, can improve spatial and avoidance memory in old rats probably through the reduction of oxidative stress effects.
Mediating Role of Psychological Status in the Association Between Resiliency and Quality of Life Among Older Malaysians Living with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Norman SS, Mat S, Kamsan SS … +7 more , Hamid Md Ali S, Mohamad Yahaya NH, Mei Hsien CC, Md Ramli DB, Tohit NM, Ibrahim N, Shahar S
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39023096 · Publisher ↗
Resilience increases the ability of an individual to overcome adversity. It has not yet been determined how resilience is linked to quality of life among individuals experiencing knee osteoarthritis symptoms. To explore...
Resilience increases the ability of an individual to overcome adversity. It has not yet been determined how resilience is linked to quality of life among individuals experiencing knee osteoarthritis symptoms. To explore the inter-relationships of psychological distress, resilience and quality of life among older individuals with knee osteoarthritis. The study examined older adults in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, identifying osteoarthritis through verified physician diagnosis. Various factors, including resilience, psychological status, and quality of life, were measured. In the study with 338 older adults, 50.9% had knee osteoarthritis. Higher resilience was linked to lower depression, anxiety, and stress, and better quality of life in both groups with and without knee osteoarthritis. Psychological factors consistently mediated the link between resilience and quality of life even after controlling potential confounders. Analysis showed that depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the relationship between resilience and quality of life, indicating a significant influence even when considering various factors. Resilience appears to influence psychological well-being and quality of life among older adult with knee osteoarthritis.
Investigation of the Effect of Tai Chi Training on Depressive Symptoms in Perimenopausal Women on the Basis of Serum Kynurenine Metabolites.
Liu J, Si J, Zhao W
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39023066 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Tai Chi training on depression symptoms and serum kynurenine metabolites in perimenopausal women and explore the mechanism of Tai Chi training in anti-depression. METHODS: A total of...
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Tai Chi training on depression symptoms and serum kynurenine metabolites in perimenopausal women and explore the mechanism of Tai Chi training in anti-depression. METHODS: A total of 72 perimenopausal women with depression were randomly selected from Lishi District and divided into a Tai Chi training group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases). At the same time, 36 perimenopausal healthy women were randomly selected as the normal group. The Tai Chi training group was intervened with 24 simplified Tai Chi exercises, and the depression self-rating scale was used to evaluate the depression status. The levels of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (KYN) metabolites in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: Before the experiment, compared with the normal healthy group, the depression self-rating scale scores, serum KYN and quinolinic acid (QUIN) levels, and KYN/Trp ratio of the control group and Tai Chi group were significantly increased ( < .01), and the serum kynurenic acid (KYNA) level was significantly decreased ( < .01). After the experiment, compared with the normal healthy group, the depression self-rating scale scores of the Tai Chi group were significantly decreased ( < .01), the serum KYNA content was increased ( < .01), the serum KYN and QUIN contents were significantly decreased ( < .01), and the KYN/Trp ratio was significantly decreased ( < .01). CONCLUSION: Tai Chi training can significantly improve depression symptoms in perimenopausal women. The mechanism of Tai Chi training in improving depression symptoms in perimenopausal women may be achieved by regulating abnormal kynurenine metabolism.
The Association Between Social Support and the Quality of Life of Older Adults in China: The Mediating Effect of Loneliness.
Jiang N, Ye H, Zhao X … +1 more , Zhang Y
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39012915 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Quality of life, social support, and loneliness are common problems among older adults in China , but the relationships among these issues have not been clearly identified. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed...
BACKGROUND: Quality of life, social support, and loneliness are common problems among older adults in China , but the relationships among these issues have not been clearly identified. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine the relationships among Quality of life, social support, and loneliness. METHODS: A total of 560 older adults were randomly selected , the social support rating scale (SSRS), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale, and Short-Form 12 (SF-12) were employed to measure their degree of social support, level of loneliness, and quality of life. RESULTS: The average physical component summary (PCS) score was 49.97±16.33, and the average mental component summary (MCS) score was 47.26±11.49. Loneliness plays a partial mediating role between social support and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Loneliness and a lack of social support will affect the quality of life of the older adults. Thus, we need to urgently strengthen the care and support for the older adults and alleviate the loneliness of the older adults in the community.
Attentional Bias in Older Adults with Non-Clinical Depression: An Eye-Tracking Study.
Yuan J, Chen Y, Yuan X … +3 more , Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39003730 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Cognitive models of depression assert that attentional biases play an important role in the maintenance of depression. However, few studies have explored attentional bias in depressed older adults, and no con...
BACKGROUND: Cognitive models of depression assert that attentional biases play an important role in the maintenance of depression. However, few studies have explored attentional bias in depressed older adults, and no consistent conclusions have been reached. METHODS: In the current study, we investigated attentional bias in older adults with non-clinical depression. Older adults aged over 60 with non-clinical depression and without depression were instructed to perform a free viewing task while their eye movements were tracked. RESULTS: The results showed that, compared to older adults without depression, non-clinically depressed older adults had longer total fixation durations and a greater number of fixations on sad stimuli. Moreover, non-depressed older adults exhibited a preference for pleasant images, whereas this effect was not observed in older adults with non-clinical depression. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that non-clinically depressed older adults have attentional bias, which is manifested as increased attention to sad stimuli and decreased attention to pleasant stimuli.The current study has functional and potential functional implications.
Effects of Cognitive Intervention and Rehabilitation Training on the Expression of miR-134-5p in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairment.
Sun W, Zhao J, Wang W … +4 more , Zhang W, Feng X, Feng J, Li L
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 39003729 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effect and potential mechanism of cognitive intervention and rehabilitation training in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with mild cognitive impairment. METHO...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effect and potential mechanism of cognitive intervention and rehabilitation training in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: In this study, 128 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with mild cognitive impairment were randomly divided into the control group and the training group. The effects of the two groups were compared before and after the cognitive intervention. The expression of miR-134-5p was assessed by qRT-PCR. The relationships between miR-134-5p and Mini-Mental State Examination Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were evaluated. RESULTS: After 3-month management, the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, the Chinese version of the diabetes self-efficacy rating scale, and WHO quality of life brief were improved in both control group and training group, and the training group showed better improvement. Cognitive intervention and rehabilitation training restricted the expression of miR-134-5p. The levels of miR-134-5p were pertinent to cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Cognitive intervention and rehabilitation training might prevent the development of diabetes mellitus complicated with mild cognitive impairment by inhibiting miR-134-5p.
The Attentional Boost Effect in Older Adults: Examining the Vulnerable Boost Hypothesis.
Spataro P, Prull MW, Santirocchi A … +1 more , Rossi-Arnaud C
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 38989781 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The Attentional Boost Effect (ABE) occurs whenever participants recognize stimuli paired earlier with to-be-responded targets better than stimuli earlier paired with to-be-ignored distractors or presented o...
INTRODUCTION: The Attentional Boost Effect (ABE) occurs whenever participants recognize stimuli paired earlier with to-be-responded targets better than stimuli earlier paired with to-be-ignored distractors or presented on their own (baseline). Previous studies showed that the ABE does not occur in older adults when the encoding time is too short (500 ms/word) or when encoding is incidental, likely due to aging-related reductions in cognitive resources or limitations of processing speed. METHOD: In the present study, younger and older adults encoded words presented for 1000 ms under intentional instructions. In addition, to determine the potential impact of the retention interval, the recognition task was performed after a delay of 2 minutes (Experiment 1) or 20 minutes (Experiment 2). RESULTS: Under these conditions, older adults showed a significant ABE and the size of the effect was comparable to that achieved by younger adults. The magnitude of the ABE was vulnerable to the passage of time because the recognition advantage of target-paired words decreased sharply from 2 to 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data demonstrate that younger and older adults may have comparable ABE effects under specific conditions and are similarly sensitive to interference.
The Association Between Back Pain, Depression, and Quality of Life Among Older Adults Living with HIV in Rural Areas of the United States.
Gliedt J, Walsh J, Quinn K … +1 more , Petroll A
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 38986005 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess prevalence of back pain among older people living with HIV (PLH) in rural areas of the United States (US); compare the presence of comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and sociod...
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess prevalence of back pain among older people living with HIV (PLH) in rural areas of the United States (US); compare the presence of comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and sociodemographic factors among older PLH in rural areas of the US with and without back pain; and examine the associations between back pain, depression, and QOL among older PLH in rural areas of the US. METHODS: Cross-sectional data was collected among US rural dwelling PLH of at least 50 years of age. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between back pain and depression. Multiple linear regression was performed to assess the association between back pain and QOL. RESULTS: A total of 38.8% () of participants self-reported back pain. PLH with back pain were more likely to have depression (60.87%, ). PLH with back pain had lower mean QOL scores (53.01 ± 18.39). Back pain was associated with greater odds of having depression (OR 1.61 [CI 0.99-2.61], = .054) and was significantly associated with lower QOL ( < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention strategies to reduce back pain and poor HIV outcomes among PLH living in rural areas of the US are needed.
Community-Based Virtual Reality Interventions in Older Adults with Dementia and/or Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.
Stavropoulou I, Sakellari E, Barbouni A … +1 more , Notara V
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 38972047 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality devices have been widely used for the rehabilitation among older people with cognitive impairments. They enable the user to navigate in three-dimensional environments, which are constructed...
INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality devices have been widely used for the rehabilitation among older people with cognitive impairments. They enable the user to navigate in three-dimensional environments, which are constructed by a computer. Recent studies have been focused on the cognitive benefits of virtual reality for people with cognitive deficits. The current study aimed to investigate the overall impact of community-based virtual reality interventions in older adults with dementia and/or cognitive impairment. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus databases were searched for the years 2010-2022. RESULTS: Of the 245 articles 20 met the inclusion criteria. The results of the current systematic review indicated that virtual reality improved older adults' cognitive and motor skills and increased their positive emotions while minimizing less positive ones. However, there is insufficient data of its impact on their overall quality of life. CONCLUSION: There is a need to implement and evaluate interventions that examine its impact not only on cognitive functioning, but also on other aspects of older people with cognitive deficits.
Associations Between Cognitive Function and Muscle Quality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Yorozuya K, Nakashima D, Fujii K … +5 more , Noritake K, Kubo Y, Tsubouchi Y, Tomiyama N, Iitsuka T
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 38574102 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether muscle quality is related to cognitive function in older adults living in the community. METHODS: The participants were 40 community-dwelling older adults without a diagnosis of dementia...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether muscle quality is related to cognitive function in older adults living in the community. METHODS: The participants were 40 community-dwelling older adults without a diagnosis of dementia (mean age, 78.85 ± 6.40 years; 31 women). The dependent variable was the score on the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) index of the Japanese version of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination Five (range: 0-6; higher scores indicate MCI or possible dementia). RESULTS: Multiple regression with Bayesian statistics was performed for analysis of muscle quality, as indicated by echo intensity (EI), with skeletal muscle mass index, gait speed, physical activity level, age, and sex as covariates. EI was significantly associated with the MCI index (expected a posterior = 0.04 [95% Bayesian confidence interval: 0.01, 0.07], t = 2.47, β = 0.41, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that EI may be related to the cognitive function of older adults living in the community. Future studies should examine whether focusing on EI can help prevent cognitive decline among older adults..
The Relationship Between Executive Functions, Self-Reflection, and Insight Across Adulthood.
İlkmen YS, Soncu Büyükişcan E
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 38545877 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that executive functions and metacognitive abilities, including self-reflection and insight, may share underlying mechanisms since both rely on top-down cognitive processes and require self-r...
OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that executive functions and metacognitive abilities, including self-reflection and insight, may share underlying mechanisms since both rely on top-down cognitive processes and require self-regulation. However, these relationships have not been thoroughly examined by empirical research. The current study investigated the relationship between insight, self-reflection, and executive functions cross-sectionally across different stages of aging. METHODS: Participants were 1284 (655 men and 629 women) cognitively healthy community dwellers with an age range of 18-89 years (M = 47.91, SD = 19.83). The sample was divided into three groups based on age, e.g., the young adults (18-34 years-old), the middle-aged adults (35-59 years-old), and older adults (60 years and older). Participants completed multiple executive function tasks (including trail making, verbal fluency, Stroop, digit span) and a self-report insight and self-reflection measure individually in face-to-face sessions. RESULTS: The results show that education, age, digit span forward, which is a measure of short-term memory and phonemic fluency were significant predictors of self-reported insight. Furthermore, insight, but not self-reflection, had significant positive correlations with short-term memory and phonemic fluency across three age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results indicate that performance on executive function measures and self-reported self-reflection and insight are relatively independent cognitive abilities.
Relationship Between Habitual Use and Degree of Emotion Regulation: Age Differences in Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression.
Oriyama K, Mukai K, Harada K … +1 more , Masumoto K
Exp Aging Res · 2025 · PMID 38372075 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The present study examined age differences in and the relationship between two indices of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: the degree of emotion regulation and the habitual use of emotion-reg...
BACKGROUND: The present study examined age differences in and the relationship between two indices of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: the degree of emotion regulation and the habitual use of emotion-regulation strategies. METHOD: In total, 101 younger and 99 older participants were included in this study. The degree of emotion regulation was measured using an experimental task in which participants were presented with negative or positive pictures and required to regulate their emotions. Habitual use of emotion regulation strategies was measured using an emotion regulation questionnaire. RESULTS: The results showed that younger adults regulated their emotions to a greater extent than older adults in both reappraisal and suppression. Younger adults were more likely to use reappraisal than were older adults, although there were no age differences in the use of suppression. No significant correlations were found between the degree of emotion regulation and the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that age differences in emotion regulation depend on the regulation strategy and that the degree of emotion regulation and habitual use of emotion regulation strategies are independent and quite different indicators in nature.
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