Iranian Journal Of Microbiology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Gut microbiome signatures associated with iron-deficiency anemia in young adults.
Abd El Rahmen RA, Alghamdi KS
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183327 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron is vital for both the body of the host and the metabolism of microbes. Pathogenic Enterobacteria need iron to grow and cause disease, but many good gut bacteria, like lactobacilli, do not...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron is vital for both the body of the host and the metabolism of microbes. Pathogenic Enterobacteria need iron to grow and cause disease, but many good gut bacteria, like lactobacilli, do not require as much iron. Changes in the amount of iron available in the gut may therefore affect the makeup of the gut microbiome. Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) represents the most prevalent nutritional disorder globally, concerning about 1.24 billion, mostly women and young people in low- and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional study looked at the link between iron-deficiency anemia and the makeup of the gut microbiome in young adults aged 18 to 30. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We looked at hematological and iron status parameters as well as gut microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differences in microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and the relative abundance of bacteria that make short-chain fatty acids between people with IDA and healthy controls were investigated. RESULTS: The results show that iron-deficiency anemia is linked to different gut microbiome signatures. This suggests that there may be connections between iron levels and the structure of microbial communities. CONCLUSION: These results show how important it is to study the gut microbiome to understand iron-deficiency anemia. They also show how important it is to do long-term, interventional studies to figure out how these associations work and what they mean for health.
Synthesis and characterization of silica nano particles-based imprinted polymers for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in human plasma.
Seyed Attaran M, Hosseini SM, Sharifi Z … +1 more , Jahanfar M
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183326 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are polymers designed to selectively recognize specific molecules or related compounds. They are created using template molecules, which are later removed,...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are polymers designed to selectively recognize specific molecules or related compounds. They are created using template molecules, which are later removed, leaving behind cavities tailored to the template's structure. This study aimed to synthesize MIPs for detecting HSV-1 suspended in Human plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For synthesizing Silica Nanoparticles and virus-imprinted particles, the Stöber and Sol-gel methods were employed to detect HSV-1 in human plasma. Moreover, ultra-sonication for washing and removal of HSV-1 from VIP, and FESEM were used to determine the shape, size, and characteristics of the synthesized particles. Additionally, DLS was used to confirm the size of particles. MTT assay was employed for cell viability, and TCID50/ml was used for measuring infectious viral titer. Real-time PCR as a molecular assay for virus genome quantification was applied. RESULTS: The average size of gold-coated freeze-dried SNPs and VIPs was analyzed by FESEM, and the results were 332 and 390 nm, respectively. DLS results showed an average size of 362, 521, and 648 nm for SNPs, VIPs, and NIPs. The VIP cavity size was 156 nm, which was specific for HSV-1. The Real-time PCR confirmed the removal of HSV-1. CONCLUSION: The imprinted particles could specifically bind to HSV-1.
HEV prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in a tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh: a retrospective observational study.
Hassaan S, Raza A, Sami H … +5 more , Ali SG, Ahmad I, Fatima N, Asaad M, Zubair MY
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183325 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute hepatitis is characterized by inflammation of the liver parenchyma or hepatocellular injury, leading to impaired liver function. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral he...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute hepatitis is characterized by inflammation of the liver parenchyma or hepatocellular injury, leading to impaired liver function. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in Asia, including India. This study aimed to investigate the various etiologies of viral hepatitis and analyse the demographic profile and clinical outcomes of HEV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the VRDL, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, Aligarh, and included 1,168 patients presenting with deranged liver function tests and clinical signs of hepatitis between August 2022 and March 2024. Serum samples were tested for HAV (IgM), HBV (HBsAg), HCV (IgM and IgG), and HEV (IgM) using ELISA (Dia Pro, Italy). HEV IgM-positive patients were followed up using a predesigned proforma to assess clinical outcomes and their association with demographic factors. RESULTS: Out of 1,168 samples screened for viral hepatitis markers, 753 (64%) tested positive for Hepatitis A, B, C, or E. HAV was the most common (554 cases, 73.5%), followed by HEV (125 cases, 16.6%). These HEV IgM positive samples were further subjected to RT-PCR, and 34 were positive and 91 negative among them. Most HEV-positive cases were aged 16-30 years, with a mean age of 19.3 ± 12.1 years. A history of consuming unfiltered water was reported in 78% of HEV cases. The highest number of HEV cases were from Jeevangarh (21.6%) and Jamalpur (14.4%), followed by Dodhpur (8.8%) and Nagla Mohalla (8%). Fever (96%) was the most common symptom, followed by jaundice (86%) and abdominal pain (84%). Key risk factors included residing in rural or semi-urban areas, use of public toilets, and overcrowding. Among the 125 HEV IgM-positive patients, only two fatalities were reported; the remaining recovered within 3 to 6 months. CONCLUSION: HEV is a major cause of acute hepatitis in our region, with sporadic cases year-round and outbreaks peaking during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Most cases originated from areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Microbiome and thyroid diseases: future precision studies of the gut-thyroid axis to facilitate the adjuvant treatment.
Karimi Behnagh A, Bourbour M, Moghaddam Shiri S … +2 more , Asadi O, Honardoost M
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183324 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The gut microbiome is a key determinant of overall health, impacting numerous bodily functions, such as those of the endocrine glands. The effect of the microbiota on thyroid function has becom...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The gut microbiome is a key determinant of overall health, impacting numerous bodily functions, such as those of the endocrine glands. The effect of the microbiota on thyroid function has become a matter of interest, more so since the revelation of the possible link between intestinal disease and autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs). This review aims to provide an in-depth insight into the possible link between gut microbiota and thyroid diseases and metabolism of thyroid hormones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of online sources including, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and CENTRAL were comprehensively searched to find the studies relevant to the topic of the review. Only reports in English were included in this review. RESULTS: It has been proposed that damage to the intestinal barrier is a key element in the passage of antigens from the lumen into the bloodstream and their subsequent contact with the immune system. In addition to AITDs, dysbiosis has been shown to be linked with thyroid cancers, in which higher counts of certain bacteria associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis have been identified. CONCLUSION: The majority of the available literature is focused on the differences in the microbial strain composition in individuals with thyroid disorders compared to that of healthy controls. Nonetheless, the current body of evidence has implied on possible role gut microbiome in the development of thyroid diseases.
Molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in clinical isolates of from Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq.
Al-Khafaji SA, Abd Al-Mayahi FS
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183323 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fluoroquinolones represent a class of antibiotics commonly used to manage infections. The appearance of fluoroquinolone resistance in represents a critical challenge to healthcare systems. MA...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fluoroquinolones represent a class of antibiotics commonly used to manage infections. The appearance of fluoroquinolone resistance in represents a critical challenge to healthcare systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January and December 2024, 650 clinical specimens were collected from Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Al-Rumaitha Hospital in Al-Muthanna, Iraq. was identified by conventional biochemical assays and confirmed with the Vitek 2® system. Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion. PCR was conducted to detect plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants, namely , , , , , and . RESULTS: Among the 650 specimens analyzed, 374 (57.54%) were positive for bacterial culture, with representing 40.10% (150/374) of the identified isolates. Among these, 39 (26%) exhibited resistance to at least one fluoroquinolone used. The most frequently detected gene was (67.65%), followed by (61.76%), (55.88%), (47.00%), and (41.17%), while and were not detected in any isolate. CONCLUSION: The fluoroquinolone resistance and widespread occurrence in isolates of from Al-Muthanna Province pose a challenge to infection management, as mobile genetic elements facilitate the rapid dissemination of resistance and limit available therapeutic options, emphasizing the necessity for genetic monitoring and effective antibiotic management.
Impact of co-amoxiclav-induced gut microbiota modulation on seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Abbaskhanian A, Rezai MS, Sheidaee K … +4 more , Valadan R, Mohammadi M, Moradi M, Rahimzadeh G
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183322 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders; despite advances in antiepileptic medications, approximately 15-30% of patients continue to experience drug-resistant seizures. The ke...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders; despite advances in antiepileptic medications, approximately 15-30% of patients continue to experience drug-resistant seizures. The ketogenic diet has emerged as an effective non-pharmacological treatment for these individuals. Recent studies suggest that changes in gut microbiota may play a role in the diet's ability to reduce seizures. Given this information, our study aimed to investigate the short-term modulation of gut microbiota through antibiotics influences seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this open-label clinical trial, 20 children with drug-resistant epilepsy were enrolled in 2020 at a tertiary pediatric clinic in Sari, Iran. Participants received oral co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin-clavulanate) at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day for five consecutive days. Seizure frequency was monitored before and after the antibiotic intervention. Stool samples were collected at baseline and immediately following treatment, and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess all bacterial load as well as the relative abundance of the major gut bacterial groups, Firmicutes and Bacteroides. RESULTS: The short-term course of co-amoxiclav significantly altered the gut microbiota composition, with a notable reduction in Bacteroidetes and a significant increase in all bacterial gene copies, while the abundance of Firmicutes remained largely unchanged. However, there was no statistically significant change in seizure frequency during the 12-week follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Although short-term co-amoxiclav treatment modified the gut microbiota, it did not lead to a meaningful reduction in seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. These findings underscore the complexity of the gut-brain axis and suggest that simple, short-term antibiotic interventions may not be sufficient to influence seizure outcomes. Future studies should involve larger, multicenter cohorts, longer treatment durations, and more comprehensive analyses of microbiota profiles.
Molecular profiling of methicillin-resistant isolated from healthy pet dogs and their owners in western Iran.
Korani AM, Ahmadi E, Derakhshan S
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183321 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Growing apprehension surrounds methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. The objective of this investigation was to molecularly profile MRSA strains recovered from asymptomatic companion dogs and...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Growing apprehension surrounds methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. The objective of this investigation was to molecularly profile MRSA strains recovered from asymptomatic companion dogs and their human caretakers in Kermanshah, located in western Iran, marking the inaugural research of its kind within the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a six-month period, specimens were obtained from the oral cavities and nasal passages of 200 clinically normal pet dogs, as well as their owners. MRSA isolates were identified, DNA was extracted, and characterized via staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (), accessory gene regulator (), and staphylococcal protein A () typing, plus detection of and Panton-Valentine leukocidin () genes. RESULTS: Eighteen MRSA isolates were identified (12 from dogs, six from owners). All carried . Most had type III. Human isolates included one II and two IV; no dog isolates were -positive. Isolates belonged to four types: t690 (dogs) and t325, t037, t030 (owners). genes were absent. Isolates from dogs and owners showed type diversity. CONCLUSION: This study reveals MRSA epidemiology in healthy dogs and owners in Iran, with low colonization rates. Continuous monitoring is essential to track MRSA circulation, as colonization raises infection risk.
Contamination and antibiotic resistance profile of isolated from raw milk and infant formula.
Taji Z, Bonyadian M, Moshtaghi H
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183320 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is an opportunistic pathogen associated with severe fatal infections. This study aimed to investigate the contamination of raw milk delivered to a powdered milk factory and the produced powder...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is an opportunistic pathogen associated with severe fatal infections. This study aimed to investigate the contamination of raw milk delivered to a powdered milk factory and the produced powdered milk, with , and also the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 2024, 120 raw milk and 60 powdered milk samples were collected from one of the milk powder processing plants in Shahrekord city. A peptone water medium supplemented with nutrients, followed by Cronobacter Selective Broth, was used as the enrichment medium. Chromogenic Cronobacter Isolation (CCI) agar was used to isolate the suspicious colonies. Biochemical tests were performed on the isolates. The PCR test was performed to confirm the molecular identity of the isolates. The antibiogram test was performed using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. RESULTS: A total of 14 suspected colonies were isolated from the raw milk. However, the PCR test confirmed that only 2 isolates (1.67%) were . Also, the results revealed that none of the powdered milk samples were contaminated with The antibiogram test showed that the isolated were resistant to erythromycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, and tetracycline antibiotics. CONCLUSION: According to the results, some raw milk is contaminated with , which is resistant to certain common antibiotics. However, contamination with this bacterium was not observed in the powdered milk samples. Given the importance of in infant health, further studies should be conducted on other powdered milk and infant food supplements produced in Iran to ensure their safety.
Impact pattern of heavy metals on gut microbiota in the polluted city of Tehran.
Barzi SM, Naderi P, Haririzadeh Jouriani F … +7 more , Torkamaneh M, Siadat SD, Shamkani F, Javadian S, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Saghiri R, Nojoumi SA
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42183319 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This article focuses on the effects of six heavy metals on gut microbiota, which plays a key role in human health. Gut microbiota plays a key role in metabolism, immunity, and maintaining homeo...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This article focuses on the effects of six heavy metals on gut microbiota, which plays a key role in human health. Gut microbiota plays a key role in metabolism, immunity, and maintaining homeostasis. Heavy metals can affect microbiota composition and function, with health consequences. Consuming large amounts of heavy metals may have harmful impacts, including alteration in microbial composition and bacterial population changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six heavy metals-cadmium, chromium (toxic metals), copper, zinc, iron, and selenium (beneficial trace elements)-were detected in peripheral blood, serum, or urine, while feces were used for 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum samples from 100 volunteers from Tehran (polluted area) and Firoozkooh (clean city) were collected. Subjects were analyzed for the presence of , , , , , and to evaluate correlations between metals and microbial composition using biochemical, microbial, and molecular methods. RESULTS: and levels in polluted areas were not significantly different from those in unpolluted areas. in polluted areas was significantly higher compared to non-polluted locations. , , , and were significantly lower in polluted areas, amounting to less than half the levels in clean areas. Heavy metal concentrations showed no gender differences in either location. CONCLUSION: Some heavy metals change intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic profiles, potentially resulting in metabolic diseases and environmental risks.
A comparative analysis of CRISPR systems, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes in carbapenem-sensitive and carbapenem-resistant .
Saedi S, Nezhadi J, Feizi H … +3 more , Memar MY, Arefi V, Kadkhoda H
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112301 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This study compares the CRISPR systems, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes in...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This study compares the CRISPR systems, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes in carbapenem-sensitive (CSKP) and carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) clinical isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carbapenemase-producing isolates were identified by mCIM/eCIM. PCR and RT-qPCR detected key genes, including cas3, involved in CRISPR-Cas function. In silico analyses included STRING for protein interactions, CRISPRCasdb for CRISPR subtype distribution, and Phyre2/AlphaFold for cas3 structure prediction. RESULTS: Among the isolates, 35.2% were resistant to carbapenems. Among CRKP strains, high prevalence of (82%) and (64%) was observed. The cas3 expression was significantly upregulated in resistant isolates (P = 0.002). CRISPR subtype I-E was identified in 16% of CRKP and 36% of CSKP isolates. Structural-functional analysis supported the integrity of Cas3 and revealed interactions with regulatory and iron acquisition proteins. Statistically significant differences in virulence and resistance gene profiles were found between CRKP and CSKP groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study highlights key differences between CRKP and CSKP isolates, particularly in CRISPR-Cas systems, resistance, and virulence. The findings suggest that cas3 plays a critical role in genomic adaptation and resistance mechanisms in , offering insights for future therapeutic strategies.
Incidence, microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance trends of CLABSI in adult ICUs: a longitudinal prospective study.
Anand G, Sarfraz A, Thakuria B … +2 more , Kokkayil P, Pati BK
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112300 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) remain a major cause of healthcare-associated mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs, especially in resour...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) remain a major cause of healthcare-associated mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs, especially in resource-poor settings where surveillance data are scarce. This study aimed to determine CLABSI incidence, risk factors, causative organisms, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns across adult intensive care units (ICUs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted amongst 200 adult ICU patients with central line (CL) in-situ for >2 calendar days. CLABSI surveillance followed definitions by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Healthcare Safety Network. Microbiological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. RESULTS: The overall CLABSI incidence was 19.25/1,000 catheter days. CLABSI patients demonstrated significantly extended hospitalization (20.22 vs 9.09 days, p<0.001) and CL duration (16.17 vs 7.85 days, p<0.001). Femoral lines had the highest infection rate (42.85%). The median time from CL insertion to the onset of CLABSI was 7.5 days. Gram-negative organisms predominated (75%), with species being most frequent (36.1%), followed by species (22.23%). Comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and drug abuse showed no significant association with CLABSI. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was extensive; all isolates were resistant to most antibiotic classes, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In contrast, colistin retained 100% susceptibility. CLABSI was associated with significantly higher mortality (69.4% vs. 47%; p = 0.014) and a lower rate of discharge/transfer to a healthy setting (p = 0.0112) compared to non-CLABSI patients. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates high CLABSI incidence and alarming levels of AMR, underscoring the urgent need for strengthening infection prevention practices and antimicrobial stewardship in ICUs.
Aflatoxin-producing from food samples in Nepal.
Sharma S, Joshi DR, Poudel P … +3 more , Sharma S, Karki TB, Tuladhar R
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112299 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maize and peanuts, staple foods in Nepal, are highly susceptible to fungal contamination, particularly with aflatoxin-producing . This study aimed to detect aflatoxin-producing in maize and pe...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maize and peanuts, staple foods in Nepal, are highly susceptible to fungal contamination, particularly with aflatoxin-producing . This study aimed to detect aflatoxin-producing in maize and peanut samples collected from different regions of Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 maize and 20 peanut samples were collected randomly from markets and households. Disinfected samples were inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar and incubated at 28°C for 48 hours. was identified by conventional cultural methods. Aflatoxin production was screened on Differential Medium (ADM) and confirmed through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Fungal contamination was detected in 67.0% of samples, with a significantly higher rate in household-stored samples (p = 0.00039). was the predominant species, particularly in maize (72.5%). Of 50 isolates, 15 (30%) were aflatoxin positive on ADM, with 11 (73.3%) being confirmed by TLC. HPLC revealed AFB1 as the most prevalent in both maize and peanuts, while AFB2 was restricted to maize. CONCLUSION: Maize and peanuts are highly susceptible to contamination with aflatoxin producing in Nepal, particularly in household-stored samples, emphasizing significant food safety concerns.
Comparative evaluation of outer membrane protein and whole cell antigen vaccine against avian pathogen infection in broiler chicken.
Wani BM, Kamil SA, Shah SA … +10 more , Mir MS, Hassan MN, Kashoo ZA, Rather MA, Shafi M, Wani ZA, Shabir N, Tizro N, Bashir A, Wani AK
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112298 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Present study was aimed at assessing protective efficacy of outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccine in comparison to inactivated whole cell antigen vaccine after challenge with homologous serogrou...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Present study was aimed at assessing protective efficacy of outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccine in comparison to inactivated whole cell antigen vaccine after challenge with homologous serogroup (O2) of avian pathogenic in broiler chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The outer membrane proteins were extracted by sarcosyl method and protein concentration was determined by nanodrop spectrophotometer. The study comprised of 120 birds divided into 6 groups. The birds were subcutaneously immunized twice with primary vaccine in the first week followed by booster vaccine in second week. RESULTS: The protection rate of 82% was found in whole cell inactivated antigen, 91% in OMP vaccine and 27% among the unvaccinated group. The antibody (IgG) response was found significantly higher in OMP vaccine group than whole cell antigen group. In unvaccinated groups chicks, the antibody titer never reached to the protective level till the termination of experiment. The bacteria were re-isolated from the infected broiler chickens for the confirmation of induced infection and were characterized using standard cultural and biochemical tests belonging to O2 serogroup. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccine provided significantly higher protection (91%) and antibody response compared to the inactivated whole cell antigen vaccine (82%) against O2 infection in broiler chickens. Birds vaccinated with OMP exhibited fewer pathological lesions and a stronger immune response. The findings underscore the potential of OMP-based vaccines as a safer, more immunogenic alternative for controlling colibacillosis.
Burden and resistance of Gram-negative pathogens in ICU-acquired infections in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study.
Phong DQ, Vinh VH, Van DH … +5 more , Hieu TM, Huong TTM, Thuong LT, Duc LH, Huong NTM
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112297 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the burden, pathogen distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and selected clinical outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired Gram-negative bacteria (G...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the burden, pathogen distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and selected clinical outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections in Vietnam, with exploratory comparative analyses of outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study with comparative analyses was conducted among 102 adult patients with culture-confirmed ICU-acquired GNB infections at E Hospital, Hanoi. Demographic, clinical, microbiological, and outcome data were extracted from medical records. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Comparisons between outcome groups were assessed using chi-square test, with effect sizes quantified using Cramer's V. RESULTS: Pneumonia was the predominant infection (70.5%), followed by urinary tract (15.2%) and bloodstream infections (10.6%). GNB accounted for 68.3% of all hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), with (43.4%), (24.8%), and (13.9%) being the most frequent pathogens. The predominant pathogens exhibited extensive resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Susceptibility was largely retained only to colistin, tigecycline, and amikacin. Mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with death or a severe clinical outcome (p = 0.03; Cramer's V = 0.21). CONCLUSION: GNB dominate ICU-acquired infections in Vietnam and demonstrate alarming antimicrobial resistance, underscoring the urgent need for strengthened infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.
Molecular characterization of cytomegalovirus based on glycoprotein B and N among solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Jordan.
Alathamneh RY, Omar M, Obeidat M … +3 more , Alanagreh L, Alqudah A, Massadeh MI
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112296 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a prevalent member of the herpesvirus family, poses significant risks to immunocompromised patients, particularly those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a prevalent member of the herpesvirus family, poses significant risks to immunocompromised patients, particularly those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genotype distribution of CMV among transplant recipients in Jordan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study conducted at the Jordan Royal Medical Service's Virology Department from January to October 2024, included all patients who underwent HSCT or SOT. Blood samples collected in EDTA tubes were analyzed for CMV detection and genotyping. Real-time PCR facilitated CMV amplification, while multiplex nested PCR identified gB and gN genotypes. RESULTS: Among 80 transplant recipients with positive CMV DNA, 15 (18.8%) were from SOT kidney transplants (KT), and 65 (81.2%) were HSCT recipients. Genotype analysis of 44 samples revealed that 21 had the gN genotype and 27 had the gB genotype. Mixed genotypes gB and gN were present in 15 samples. The mixed genotype gN1+gN2 (42.86%) was most common in KT recipients, while gB2 (31%) was prevalent among HSCT recipients. CONCLUSION: CMV is a common opportunistic virus that often leads to severe, life-threatening illness and is associated with an increased risk of transplant rejection. Our study demonstrated that the most prevalent genotypes in Jordanian HSCT and SCT recipients with CMV infection were gB2 and gN1+gN2, respectively.
Presence and copy number variations of , pks bacteria, , and in colorectal cancer: an integrated study using FFPE tissue samples.
Korani F, Rezvani NA, Sadeghifard N … +3 more , Sadeghi Kalani B, Pakzad R, Asadollahi P
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112295 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading malignancy with multifactorial etiology, including genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Bacteria such as , pks bacteria, , and have been linked t...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading malignancy with multifactorial etiology, including genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Bacteria such as , pks bacteria, , and have been linked to CRC, though their roles remain controversial. Some may promote inflammation and genotoxicity, while others may confer protective effects. This study assessed the presence and relative abundance of these bacteria in colorectal FFPE tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study included three groups of FFPE tissue samples: tumor tissues from CRC patients (Tumor, n=50), normal tissues adjacent to tumors (Adjacent, n=50), and normal tissues from non-CRC individuals (Normal, n=30). Sections were prepared with a microtome, and bacterial gene copy numbers were quantified using species-specific primers and quantitative real-time PCR, normalized to human GAPDH. Associations with age, sex, and neoplastic type were analyzed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: was significantly higher in Adjacent tissues compared to Tumor and Normal (p < 0.0001). detection increased progressively from Normal to Adjacent to Tumor tissues (p = 0.002). pks bacteria were detected only in individuals ≥60 years (p = 0.014). load was higher in Tumor tissues of females and older adults, though overall presence did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSION: Enrichment of and increased detection near tumors suggest the tumor microenvironment favors bacterial persistence. Age- and sex-related patterns in pks and highlight host influences on microbial distribution in CRC, supporting further mechanistic studies.
Candiduria in catheterized ICU patients: epidemiology, molecular identification, and antifungal susceptibility.
Ahmadi A, Hazrati E, Noorifard M … +2 more , Farahnejad Z, Mohammadimehr M
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112294 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Candiduria related to urinary catheters is frequently encountered in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. The diagnosis and management of catheter-associated candiduria in hospitalize...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Candiduria related to urinary catheters is frequently encountered in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. The diagnosis and management of catheter-associated candiduria in hospitalized patients is frequently a gray area for both physicians and microbiologists because of the paucity of clinical and microbiological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aims to enhance the understanding of candiduria among adult ICU patients with urinary catheters across three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Yeast identification was performed using a two-step multiplex PCR, and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed following the CLSI M27, 4 edition, recommendations. RESULTS: Among the 110 enrolled ICU patients, 38 (35%) had significant candiduria. A total of 45 yeast isolates were collected. The distribution was as follows: (23/45; 51%), (14/45; 31%), and (4/45; 9%). These three species accounted for 91% of the isolates. Antifungal resistance was detected: six isolates (two , two , one , and one ) were fluconazole-resistant, and one isolate was resistant to itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin. All isolated species were susceptible to amphotericin B. Symptomatic candiduria occurred in 29% of cases (11/38); only 55% (6/11) were treated, and of those, 50% (3/6) experienced fluconazole treatment failure. One symptomatic patient developed candidemia shortly after acquiring candiduria. The mortality rate was 21% (8/38), with no apparent difference in death rates between symptomatic and asymptomatic candiduric patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that high fluconazole failure rates among patients with symptomatic candiduria are concerning. Furthermore, speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing are crucial, as they guide clinicians in selecting the most effective agent and improving case management.
Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus strains detected in pediatric acute respiratory tract infections.
Parvathy VR, Thakur P, Thakur V … +5 more , Sharma V, Bora I, Ratho RK, Angurana SK, Singh MP
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112293 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, accounting for approximately 18% of deaths in those <5 years of age. Viruses caus...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, accounting for approximately 18% of deaths in those <5 years of age. Viruses cause 50-90% of pediatric ARTI cases. Human rhinovirus (HRV) is increasingly associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). This study aimed to detect HRV in pediatric ARTI cases and characterize circulating genotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 154 children (≤5 years) presenting with ARTI were screened for HRV using real-time PCR. Thirteen samples with a cycle threshold ≤30 were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 41 global reference sequences representing different geographical regions and HRV types. RESULTS: HRV was detected in 34.41% (53/154) of the samples. In children aged >1 month to 1 year, HRV positivity was significantly associated with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) compared with influenza-like illness (ILI). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a predominance of HRV-C strains (n = 7), followed by HRV-A (n = 5) and HRV-B (n = 1). CONCLUSION: HRV was detected in a significant proportion of pediatric ARTI cases, with HRV-C as the predominant strain. Infants aged >1 month to 1 year showed a higher association with severe illness, underscoring the need for closer clinical monitoring in this age group.
Prophage typing of in traditional dairy products of Ilam, Iran.
Hashemi AA, Nemati M, Pourahmad F
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112292 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly from methicillin-resistant (MRSA), poses a significant public health threat, exacerbated by antibiotic misuse in livestock and food production. Thi...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly from methicillin-resistant (MRSA), poses a significant public health threat, exacerbated by antibiotic misuse in livestock and food production. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in traditional dairy products from Ilam, Iran, and explore the role of prophages in enhancing bacterial virulence and resistance, assessing their implications for food safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January and April 2021, 116 dairy samples (raw milk, traditional cheese, and toof) were collected from Ilam, Iran. was identified using bacteriological and molecular methods, including PCR targeting , , and prophage markers (SGB, SGFa, SGFb). Antibiotic susceptibility was tested via the Kirby-Bauer method, and data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: was detected in 25.9% of samples (30/116), with raw milk showing the highest contamination (57.9%). MRSA, identified by the gene, was present in 6.7% of isolates, and 73.3% exhibited multidrug resistance. Prophages were found in 13.3% of isolates, with SGB linked to β-lactam resistance (p = 0.04). High resistance to doxycycline (87%) and tetracycline (67%) was observed. CONCLUSION: The study highlights a significant presence of MRSA and multidrug-resistant in Ilam's dairy products, with prophages contributing to the virulence of these bacteria. Enhanced hygiene and monitoring are crucial for mitigating food safety risks.
Drug susceptibility of and non- species isolated from ornamental birds.
Mirhosseini Z, Razmyar J, Khosravi A
Iran J Microbiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 42112291 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of infections, especially by non- species, has led to excessive use of antifungal drugs, resulting in the transfer of resistance and increased minimum inhibitory concentration (...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of infections, especially by non- species, has led to excessive use of antifungal drugs, resulting in the transfer of resistance and increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) among isolates. This study aimed to investigate the susceptibility of clinical isolates of ornamental birds to three antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, caspofungin, and itraconazole. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 126 samples were analyzed, from which 116 distinct colonies were cultured. Of these, 26 were identified as spp., comprising 12 (46.1%), 8 (30%), 1 (3%), 1 (3%), and 4 isolates (15%) of other species. The present study aimed to determine the susceptibility and resistance levels of these isolates to three antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, caspofungin, and itraconazole. RESULTS: According to the CLSI M44 recommended method, by the disk diffusion method, itraconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (86.46%) showed the best susceptibility pattern, compared to caspofungin (0%). CONCLUSION: Given that the isolates showed the highest in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole and amphotericin B and the lowest to caspofungin, these findings suggest that itraconazole and amphotericin B could be considered potential first-line agents for treating avian candidiasis.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe