All over the world, much attention is given to the comprehensive studies of parasites and their induced diseases in order to devise effective methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of parasitic diseases. Th...All over the world, much attention is given to the comprehensive studies of parasites and their induced diseases in order to devise effective methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of parasitic diseases. This review summarizes the information available in the literature on the epidemiology of clonorchiasis caused by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, including global and regional risk factors for the infection and its transmission. The existing knowledge of this important, but far from the most studied zoonosis, the cause of severe human hepatobiliary diseases, is required for the success of future investigations of parasitic infections.
Sergiev VP, Ganushkina LA, Patraman IV
… +3 more, Zhirenkina EN, Rakova VM, Baranova AM
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Apr · PMID 30721605
The paper presents the results of theoretical and practical studies into parasitology, which were conducted at the E.I.Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases and then used for...The paper presents the results of theoretical and practical studies into parasitology, which were conducted at the E.I.Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases and then used for the training of specialists with higher medical education at the Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The need to develop professional skills is related to the increasing learning require- ments due to socioeconomic conditions and the epidemiological situation in the country.
Lungworm infection is caused by a Dictyocaulus filaria nematode parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles of sheep and goats. Various anthelmintics, including albendazole, levamisole, fenbendazole, ivermectins, and others...Lungworm infection is caused by a Dictyocaulus filaria nematode parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles of sheep and goats. Various anthelmintics, including albendazole, levamisole, fenbendazole, ivermectins, and others, are used to treat the animals. The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of lungworm infestation on the biochemical parameters of animals during combination treatment with albendazole and T- and B-activin. Experiments were carried out in 20 uninfected mongrel lambs aged 4-5 months. Infectious D.filaria larvae were given with water to 15 lambs once orally at a dose of 1000 larvae per head. 5 uninfected lambs served as a control group. The time course of changes in serum bio- chemical parameters was studied in animals. Treatment with Albena in combination with T- and B-activin in lambs ex- perimentally infested with lungworm was found to restore their biochemical reactivity. After sheep treatment with Albena alone, biochemical parameters were noted to tend to normalize, but their normal full recovery did not take place.
Bogomazova OL, Khakimova ML, Gribanova MN
… +2 more, Verzhutskaya YA, Vershinin EA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Apr · PMID 30721602
The rare case of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) emerging focal breeding in Irkutsk in autumn 2015 is observed.The rare case of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) emerging focal breeding in Irkutsk in autumn 2015 is observed.
West Nile fever (WNF) is a natural focal vector-borne disease; the main vectors are mosquitoes. Specific means for its prevention are not available; therefore, one of the main areas of WNF epidemiological surveillance is...West Nile fever (WNF) is a natural focal vector-borne disease; the main vectors are mosquitoes. Specific means for its prevention are not available; therefore, one of the main areas of WNF epidemiological surveillance is entomological monitoring that encompasses the control of the size ofvector populations arid the determination of infection rate of mos- quitoes with the virus in order to predict the epidemic situation. An analysis of normative documents on the collection and control of mosquito populations showed it necessary to improve entomological monitoring. Based on the literary and their own data, the authors propose to catch only Culix mosquitoes in the foci of WNF and to analyze their infection rates. The mosquitoes should be caught in mid-June to mid-September in the stationary points of urban and rural biotopes once every 7-10 days, by using automatic traps with CO₂ as an attractant. At least 500 specimens should be examined for virus RNA by PCR every 7-10 days to predict the epidemic situation.
The conducted research allow to conclude that the most developed agricultural area of the Tyumen region with a population comprising of 14,1% of the rural population, is endemic for echinococcosis. The incidence has a pr...The conducted research allow to conclude that the most developed agricultural area of the Tyumen region with a population comprising of 14,1% of the rural population, is endemic for echinococcosis. The incidence has a pronounced tendencyto increase (Tgrowth=+5.7 percent). Installed a statistically significant difference in the incidence ofechinococ- cosis in two selected areas in endemic zones (7 rural and 3 urban) living in it 60,7% of the population of the Tyumen region; - risk groups in the incidence of echinococcosis are local villagers, containing farm animals and dogs; urban residents who regularly attend the nearby forest to gather berries and wild plants, persons working age, hunters with years of experi- ence; the risk of infection is June - September. The first place among agricultural animals as an intermediate the hosts of Echinococcus is a sheep, the second place - the cattle, the third place - pigs, the prevalence in endemic incidence of echinococcosis people area respectively in 5.6 times, 2.7 times and 3.8 times higher than in non-endemic areas with no registration morbidity people. The obtained results allow to recommend the measures to optimise epidemiological surveil- lance and parasitological monitoring of echinococcosis: a clearer and more coherent relationship and interaction between agencies, medical organizations, Rospotrebnadzor, Rosselkhoznadzor and Management ofhunting economy; the expan- sion of research on contamination ofthe environment by the hexacanth cyst on the territories of settlements and priusadeb- nyh plots (soil, bottom sediments, especially not having drains, water storage tanks); mass serological screening of the population, primarily in rural endemic areas, to determine the immune segment, risk groups among sex, age and profes- sional groups to assess the level of endemic diseases; clarify the ways and factors of transmission in specific conditions, it is important for the organization of effective prevention measures.
Baranova AM, Kondrashin AV, Gasymov EI
… +4 more, Sharipov A, Kadamov DS, Morozova LF, Turbabina NA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Apr · PMID 30721599
Infectious diseases are one of the serious threats to biosafety in modern society In recent years, there have been con- siderably increased international migrations: tourism and pilgrimage; labor migration flows; migrati...Infectious diseases are one of the serious threats to biosafety in modern society In recent years, there have been con- siderably increased international migrations: tourism and pilgrimage; labor migration flows; migration of refugees and settlers in times of armed conflicts, household migrations because of family ties and traditions. Since the number of Rus- sian tourists and migrants from endemic countries remains high, these contingents should receive special attention in the malaria epidemiological surveillance system. The paper discusses the risks of possible consequences of population migra- tions and prevention measures.
Induced malaria continues to be one of the most pressing public health problems in malaria-endemic countries. Ma- laria parasites remain viable in stored blood at a temperature of 2-6°C for 3 weeks. The paper presents cu...Induced malaria continues to be one of the most pressing public health problems in malaria-endemic countries. Ma- laria parasites remain viable in stored blood at a temperature of 2-6°C for 3 weeks. The paper presents current problems associated with transfusion-induced malaria. In the USSR and then in the Russian Federation, sporadic cases of induced malaria (Plasniodium vivax, P.malariae, rarely P.falciparum) were notified (230 cases in 1958 to 1990 and only 5 in 1991 to 2016). Current (immunological and molecular) methods for the laboratory diagnosis of malaria do not provide a 100% detection rMfteor its pathogens; therefore, it is necessary to search for highly efficient, rapid, and low-cost diagnostic methods to ensure the biological safety of donation.
Kuznetsova KY, Zhnakina ZZ, Kuznetsova MA
… +5 more, Aslanova MM, Gritsyuk OV, Zagainova AV, Sergiev VP, Rakhmanin YA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Apr · PMID 30721597
The modern development of parasitological science and practice is integrated into the process of legal regulation of the protection of human rights and health and the environment. Russian Federation Government Enactment...The modern development of parasitological science and practice is integrated into the process of legal regulation of the protection of human rights and health and the environment. Russian Federation Government Enactment No. 761 dated September 28; 2009, determines a provision on examining the legal acts establishing the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for their compliance with the standards, recommendations, and other documents of international organiza- tions, including the World Health Organization [10]. The authors carried out a detailed analysis ofthe status of law enforce- ment practice in ensuring the safety of water to be free from parasites, the most studied and proven in international and national law. Factorization of national statutes on safe drinking water and water in the water sources identified legal in- consistencies in both different legal acts of the Russian Federation and their compliance with the WHO recommendations [12]. Ways to overcome legal and methodological conflicts and those to provide mechanisis of legal regulation in this area were defined. It is noted that the decision is a complex process that involves various levels of a structure of legislative initiatives and the professional public; however,,the end result is focused on the dynamic integration of national law in ensuring the parasitic safety of the environment in the unified field of international law.
The tolerability and efficiency of specific chemotherapy with albendazole were analyzed in 18 patients with cystic echinococcosis at various sites. The most common complication of albendazole treatment was its hepatotoxi...The tolerability and efficiency of specific chemotherapy with albendazole were analyzed in 18 patients with cystic echinococcosis at various sites. The most common complication of albendazole treatment was its hepatotoxic effect. Al- bendazole chemotherapy during at least its 3 cycles was observed to be highly effective in preventing recurrent echinococ- cosis in children. If there were small-sized hydatid cysts in the liver and lung, there was a reduction in their number and sizes after 4-5 albendazole treatment cycles.
Supryaga VG, Morozova LF, Rakova VM
… +4 more, Morozov EN, Sergiev VP, Ivanova TN, Turbabina NA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Apr · PMID 30721595
To seek medical advice is due to the time when a person has become infected during the infection transmission season (July-August) and the duration of development of the pathogen Dirofilaria (N.) repens in his/her body C...To seek medical advice is due to the time when a person has become infected during the infection transmission season (July-August) and the duration of development of the pathogen Dirofilaria (N.) repens in his/her body Clinical manifes- tations occurred in 61% of the patients 6-10 months after infection, as confirmed by the maximum body sizes (125-160 mm) of removed females which have reached puberty. PCR-based diagnosis in conjunction with microscopic studies improves the efficiency of identifying the patients and the species of the pathogens D.repens and D.immitis. The use of these methods for the first time in 2016 could confirm D.immitis infestation in a 14-month-old infant living in the Solnechnogorsk District, Moscow Region.
The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, which was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2015, over the next 15 years suggests that the number of patients with malaria will decline by 90%, that it will be...The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, which was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2015, over the next 15 years suggests that the number of patients with malaria will decline by 90%, that it will be eliminated in 35 countries where this infection remained endemic in 2015, and that the resurgence of malaria will be prevented in the previously eliminated areas. Taking into account the existing features of antimalarial programs in the endemic countries at both national and subnational levels, this strategy can and must serve as a basis for the development and formulation of really implementable national malaria control and elimination programs.
The paper analyzes the etiology of diphyllobothriasis pathogens and their distribution in the world. It estimates the infection rate of the population with tapeworms, the value of different fish species and procedures fo...The paper analyzes the etiology of diphyllobothriasis pathogens and their distribution in the world. It estimates the infection rate of the population with tapeworms, the value of different fish species and procedures for their cooking as factors for transmission of Diphyllobothrium to the population and the risk for infection with tapeworms through infected foods. Epidemiological surveillance measures in different (synanthropic and natural) foci of diphyllobothriasis and with various types of pathogens are considered.
The paper considers the methodologic features of designing educational programs in accordance with the labor func- tions of the professional standards, by using the working program of the educational module "malaria, con...The paper considers the methodologic features of designing educational programs in accordance with the labor func- tions of the professional standards, by using the working program of the educational module "malaria, control and preven- tion methods> as an example. The basis for the relationship between the labor functions and the content of educational programs is a physician's professional task that ensures that the specific labor function is performed. In turn, the profes- sional task defines the characteristics of educational and professional problems that are a unit for designing the content of each training module. Thus, the content of the training module and the training of a physician are closely linked with the goals and objectives of labor functions of the professional standard, which enhances the professional orientation of educational programs.
Bogacheva AS, Shaikevich EV, Rakova VM
… +1 more, Ganushkina LA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Jan · PMID 30721615
The fauna of bloodsucking mosquitoes in the Nizhny Novgorod Region is represented by 11 species from 5 genera of the family Culicidae. During 2014-2015, the predominant species were Ochlerotatus cantans and Aedes cinereu...The fauna of bloodsucking mosquitoes in the Nizhny Novgorod Region is represented by 11 species from 5 genera of the family Culicidae. During 2014-2015, the predominant species were Ochlerotatus cantans and Aedes cinereus mosqui- toes in both a population aggregate and woodland. The infected mosquitoes accounted for 1.3% of their total number and were registered only in the village of Fokino. The investigators identified two human pathogenic nematode species: Diro- filaria immits and Dirofilaria repens (0.9% and 0.4% respectively). The effective carriers of Dirofilaria in the examined area can be Ae.cinereus and Och.cantans as only these species were found to have an invasive stage of the parasite. The symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia was detected in the mosquitoes that were not infected with dirofilariasis. This is the first study in Russia to investigate the effects of Wolbachia on the susceptibility of dirofilariasis vectors to infection.
This investigation was conducted in three provinces of southern Vietnam in September-October 2011. A total of 257 small mammals of 11 species were caught; among them 120 rodents were infected with harvest mites of 8 spec...This investigation was conducted in three provinces of southern Vietnam in September-October 2011. A total of 257 small mammals of 11 species were caught; among them 120 rodents were infected with harvest mites of 8 species (Trom- biculidac). About 4000 mites of nearly 1200 identified species were collected from the small mammals. 17 species of harvest mites were identified. Walchia lupella, Leptotrombidium deliense, Walchia kritochaeta, and Walchia micropelta predominated in the collections. Most species of mites parasitized Rattus rattus (n= 15), Maxomys surifer (n=9), and B.savilei (n=7). The occurrence of Trombiculidaewas high on Bandicota savilei (90.0%), M.sunfer (87.8%), R.rattus (80.9%), and Bandicota indica (71.4%). The largest number of mites was observed in B.savilei and B.indica. The species of the genus Ascoschoengastia parasitized predominantly R.rattus and those of the genus Wachia did M.surifer. W.upella (n=7), L.delense (n=5), and Ascoschoengastiaindica (n=5) were associated with the widest range of nourishers. The species L.delicense known as a carrier of the causative agent of tsutsugamushi fever predominated in synanthropic rodents.
The paper presents an overview of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis from ancient times to the >iesent day. Tradi- tional healers had an arsenal of remedies and various treatment regimens for cutaneous leishmaniasis,...The paper presents an overview of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis from ancient times to the >iesent day. Tradi- tional healers had an arsenal of remedies and various treatment regimens for cutaneous leishmaniasis, which showed varying effectiveness and different outcome and have found scientific rationale and used in practical medicine in modem times. The problem with of a lack of etiotropic drugs to treat patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the national healthcare is indicated.
Kuznetsova KY, Aslanova MM, Shikhbabaeva FM
… +1 more, Panov SA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Jan · PMID 30721612
The paper gives the results of experimental studies, as well as sanitary parasitological ones investigating meat and fish, which have been performed using manual microscopy and Mecos-C2 automated digital microscopy and s...The paper gives the results of experimental studies, as well as sanitary parasitological ones investigating meat and fish, which have been performed using manual microscopy and Mecos-C2 automated digital microscopy and scanning micro- scopy. It shows the effectiveness of automated versus manual microscopy in performing parasitological studies of foods and the possibility of rationalizing production labor. The investigation has been conducted to develop the reform of labora- tory services of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation and proposes to introduce a hardware technology into a group of mass methods for parasitological analyses in sanitary-epidemiological, veterinary and environmental areas.
The paper gives the results of experimental studies determining the preservation of antibodies to C.cellulosae in the serum in relation to the period of their storage during deep freezing. These studies, as applied to pa...The paper gives the results of experimental studies determining the preservation of antibodies to C.cellulosae in the serum in relation to the period of their storage during deep freezing. These studies, as applied to parasitic pathology, have been conducted for the first time and are of practical medical value in determining optimal procedures and periods of serum storage without a loss of their diagnostic characteristics.