In the ecosystem of the Belaya River, fishes of the family Cyprinidae were infected with three epidemically important species oftrematodes of the family Opisthorchidae: Opisthorchisfelineus, Metorchis bilis, and Pseudamp...In the ecosystem of the Belaya River, fishes of the family Cyprinidae were infected with three epidemically important species oftrematodes of the family Opisthorchidae: Opisthorchisfelineus, Metorchis bilis, and Pseudamphistomum truncatumn. No biotopes of mollusks of the genus Codiella were detected. The contamination of underyearlings with-Ofelineus and M.bilis metacercariae indicates that there are cores of opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis (M.bifis) foci in the ecosystem of the lower course of the river. The presence of biotopes of the genus Bithynia mollusks, the first intermediate host.for P. truncatum, in the waters, but the absence of fishes infected with P.truncatum metacercariae among the examined under- yearlings may lead to the conclusion that there are no cores of pseudamphistomiasis foci. Infestation of onein 97 older individual muvarica (Albumus alburnus) with trematode metacercariae is evidence of its infection outside the floodplain river ecosystems of the Belaya River and subsequent migration of the fish into the lowerreaches of the river, where a barren zone of a pseudamphistomiass focus is formed. In this ecosystem there is a risk of human infection with epidemically important species of trematodes of the family Opisthorchidae (O.felineus, M.bifis, and P.truncatum)-when eating the fish caught in the river, its tributaries, and floodplain waterbodies. When identifying the metacercariae and detecting the natural foci of trematodes, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the fishes of the family Cyprinidae in the river ecosystem have four types of Opisthorchis metacercariae (after D.A.Razmashkin).
The effective application of GIS against parasitic diseases requires the patterns of spread of parasitic diseases in certain natural, climatic, and socioeconomic conditions of different regions where there are epidemical...The effective application of GIS against parasitic diseases requires the patterns of spread of parasitic diseases in certain natural, climatic, and socioeconomic conditions of different regions where there are epidemically effective carriers. The epidemiological parameters defining a high risk of an epidemiological process after P.vivax importation into Russia were calculated using the developed HealthMapper controlled module with a database. Analysis of the average long-term air temperatures in the administrative territories of Russia over 78 years, namely July, the warmest month of the year when there are the largest numbers of all types of mosquito vectors and high levels of microfilaria in the peripheral blood of in- fected dogs (definitive hosts), has shown that the northern border of the maximum possible area of dirofilariasis in Russia is most fully described by the +14C July isotherm.
Ganushkina LA, Morozov EN, Patraman IV
… +2 more, Vyshemirsky OI, Agumava AA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Jan · PMID 30721608
The sharply increased incidence and geographical expansion of arbovirus diseases in recent years suggest that some Russian areas are vulnerable to vector-borne diseases and that it is important to elaborate control progr...The sharply increased incidence and geographical expansion of arbovirus diseases in recent years suggest that some Russian areas are vulnerable to vector-borne diseases and that it is important to elaborate control programs to ensure bio- logical safety in our country. Moreover, the main vectors of the pathogens of arbovirus infections (Zika fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fevers), such as Aedes aegypti and Ae.albopictus, have been registered on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The programs must be effective, by taking into account the biological features of each kind of a vector.
Mironova VA, Soldatova EA, Saidaliev SA
… +2 more, Suvonkulov UT, Zhakhangirov SM
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2017 Jan · PMID 30721607
To effectively control malaria, it is necessary to identify landscapes that are most favorable for its transmission. To achieve this goal, the authors developed landscape malariological zoning of Southern Uzbekistan as t...To effectively control malaria, it is necessary to identify landscapes that are most favorable for its transmission. To achieve this goal, the authors developed landscape malariological zoning of Southern Uzbekistan as the most problematic area for malaria in the country. For landscape malariological zoning, the investigators applied the method developed by A.Ya.Lysenko et al. (1956), which allowed identification of different types of malariogenic landscapes, by using the existing scheme of physical and geographical zoning. The existing physical and geographical areas identified were assigned malariological characteristics, which permitted assessment of the landscapes of Southern Uzbekistan from the point of view of whether there is a risk of local malaria transmission. The zoning could identify 5 types of malariogenic landscapes. The most malariologically dangerous areas are the landscapes of lowland river valleys and irrigated (irrigation channel)-lands, where there is the larg- est area of anophelogenic reservoirs. The malariological situation in the low-hill landscapes depends on the situation in the lowland river and irrigation channel landscapes. An epidemic outbreak may occur in the mid-mountain landscapes if a large number of an infection carrier and source are present. The results can be used to optimize anti-malarial interventions, prognosis, and prevention of malaria resumption in the area under study.
The paper describes a clinical case of imported severe Pfalciparum malaria in a French citizen treated at the clinic of the Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Infectious Disdases, Ministry of the Repub...The paper describes a clinical case of imported severe Pfalciparum malaria in a French citizen treated at the clinic of the Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Infectious Disdases, Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Due to the fact that the patient with tropical malaria sought medical advice too late, the disease was complicated by grade I malaria-induced coma, acute renal failure- in an oliguric phase, severe anemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Thanks to effective etiopathogenetic and pathogenetic therapy, the patient recovered and returned to his motherland.
Fedyanina LV, Maksimova MS, Tikhonova DV
… +3 more, Shchukina EN, Stepanova EV, Rakova VM
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2016 Oct · PMID 30387573
The paper describes a case of the rare localization of a pregnant Dirofilaria female in a man's genitalia. Patient T born in 1973 was infected in the Krasnoyarsk Territory presumably in the summer of 2012. A migratory ma...The paper describes a case of the rare localization of a pregnant Dirofilaria female in a man's genitalia. Patient T born in 1973 was infected in the Krasnoyarsk Territory presumably in the summer of 2012. A migratory mass appeared under the skin of the chest at the beginning of 2016. A dense mass was located beneath the skin in the penis by early April. Histological specimens from the removed tumor, entered the specialized Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory for parasitic diseases. The specimens exhibited transverse and oblique sections of Dirofilaria spp. The body cavity contained nematodes - multiple microfilariae. However, routine studies and PCR could not reveal the microfilariae in the blood.
The review touches upon the main directions and some of the most important results of an investigation of dirofilariasis the species of the genus Dirofilaria, their spread, and hosts. It describes cases of human infectio...The review touches upon the main directions and some of the most important results of an investigation of dirofilariasis the species of the genus Dirofilaria, their spread, and hosts. It describes cases of human infection with Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis, a study of the prevalence of filariasis using a geographic information system, data on the contamination of Dirofilaria in Europe, and current views on the endosymbiotic relations of Dirofilaria with the Wolbachia bacterium.
Crimea was known to be a mosquito-borne fever (pappataci fever) endemic area in the past. There is information on sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the vectors for which are also mosquitoes. This disease was...Crimea was known to be a mosquito-borne fever (pappataci fever) endemic area in the past. There is information on sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the vectors for which are also mosquitoes. This disease was registered in Crimea in both the 20h century and the early 21st century. The data available in the literature on the mosquitoes in Crimea, which were published mainly in the first half of the 20th century, have been analyzed. Based on the classification of these insects, which has been proposed by M.M. Artemyev, the authors have established that there are 8 mosquito species: P.papatasi, P.alexandri, P.similis, P.neglectus, P.perfiliewi, P.balcanicus, P.longiductus, and S.dentata in Crimea. There is evidence on the landscape and biotopic association of individual species and on their environmental features.
Kadamov DS, Sharipov AS, Saiburkhonov DS
… +4 more, Sherkhonov TA, Kurbonov MD, Ponirovsky EN, Zhirenkina E N
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2016 Oct · PMID 30387570
A total of 1963 dwellers and 779 dogs from the Penjikent and Darvz districts of the Republic of Tajikistan were examined for antibodies to the pathogen of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), by using the rk39 rapid diagnostic t...A total of 1963 dwellers and 779 dogs from the Penjikent and Darvz districts of the Republic of Tajikistan were examined for antibodies to the pathogen of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), by using the rk39 rapid diagnostic test. Mainly children less than14 years and persons over 14 years of age with signs of VL were selected as an examined contingent. There were 35 and 9 persons who were found to have antibodies to the VL pathogen among the examinees in the Penjikent and Darvaz districts, respectively The examination of infants during the first years of life, whose immune system can be defenseless against leishmaniasis, yielded the largest number (more than 90%) of positive results. Among 330 examined domestic and stray dogs in the human settlements of the Penjikent district, 1 (0.3%) domestic dog and 11 (3.3%) stray dogs showed positive results. In the human settlements of the Darvaz district, the latter were also found in 38 (13.3%) of 286 examined domestic dogs and 6 (12.5%) of 48 stray ones. The detection of anti-bodies to the VL pathogen among the dogs in the human settlements of the above districts should be considered as a confirmation of the synanthropicity of VL foci.
The Kyrgyz Republic could achieve the absence of local malaria transmission due to the developed and effectively implemented antimalarial. interventions [3]. In 2012-2014, the cost of malaria elimination in the country w...The Kyrgyz Republic could achieve the absence of local malaria transmission due to the developed and effectively implemented antimalarial. interventions [3]. In 2012-2014, the cost of malaria elimination in the country was US$ 210,200 by its government, US$ 1,795,467 by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and US$ 50,000 by the WHO. A package of preventive measures with adequate financing is needed to maintain well-being in the malaria-free foci in the post-elimination period. Malaria eliimination in the Kyrgyz Republic, which was achieved in 2012, has been certified by the World Health Organization in 2016 at the request of the Government of Kyrgyzstan.
Five Malaria mosquito species anopheles atroparvus, An.claviger, An.hyrcanus, An.maculipennis, and An.messeae were found in the study habitats in the south of European Rausia. The dominahce indices and environmental pref...Five Malaria mosquito species anopheles atroparvus, An.claviger, An.hyrcanus, An.maculipennis, and An.messeae were found in the study habitats in the south of European Rausia. The dominahce indices and environmental preferendes of co- inhabiting species were deterinined. The major potential malaria vectors in the south of European Russia were An messeae (in the valleys) and An.maculipennis (in the highlands and foothills). There was new evidence for chromosoml variability in the malaria mosquitoes An. atroparvus and An.maculipennis. The new inversion 3Roi (23B-27C) was identified in An.maculipennis.
The paper presents the epidemiological aspects of malaria and the resuits of national malaria control and elimination programs. It evaluates the efficiency of the antimalarial measures system based on the biology of vect...The paper presents the epidemiological aspects of malaria and the resuits of national malaria control and elimination programs. It evaluates the efficiency of the antimalarial measures system based on the biology of vectors in the parasitic system of malaria and gives recommendations to maintain wellbeing in Tajikistan.
Long-term anti-epidemic and preventive measures in the areas of endemic countries in the WHO European Region in the past 30 years and researches using experimental objects could. establish the significant epidemiological...Long-term anti-epidemic and preventive measures in the areas of endemic countries in the WHO European Region in the past 30 years and researches using experimental objects could. establish the significant epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, which are influenced by the natural, climatic, and socioeconomic conditions of the area on the spread of malaria. Knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics is of importance in studying the compliance of different parasitic systems with implemented controlling and preventive measures and in preventing the consequences of importation of malaria from the endemic areas and into its eliminated ones.
Gordeev MI, Baranova AM, Gasymov EI
… +4 more, Goryacheva II, Kadamov DS, Zvantsov AB, Usenbaev NT
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2016 Oct · PMID 30387565
The paper presents the scientific studies of malaria pathogens and vectors, which have been specially conducted in the endemic areas of the CIS countries and Georgia for use in an epidemiological surveillance system. The...The paper presents the scientific studies of malaria pathogens and vectors, which have been specially conducted in the endemic areas of the CIS countries and Georgia for use in an epidemiological surveillance system. The main ones investigate the structure of malaria foci and the level of G-6-PD deficiency among residents, determine the malariogenic potential. of the territory and the risk of infection in the population, and specify the taxonomy, systematics, and spread of major malaria vectors in .the countries ofWHO European Region. In addition, the time and magnitude of manifestations of long-term post-incubation tertian malaria were established; th6 susceptibility of P.vivax to antimalarials and the levels of resistance and irritability of malaria vectors to insecticides were studied. The experience in using a geographic information system for the epidemiological surveillance of malaria is given.
A larger number of publications on cases of. complicated vivax malaria in the world literature can be. explained by a set of diffeetit faciors'. There has been unification of the definition of complicated tertian malaria...A larger number of publications on cases of. complicated vivax malaria in the world literature can be. explained by a set of diffeetit faciors'. There has been unification of the definition of complicated tertian malaria allowing ihe clinical nianagement of a patient and the reporting of complicated cases of P.vivax to be improved. The, epidemiological characteristics of complicated vivax malaria are determined by a diversity of geographical, races, variants, gentyies and phenotypes of tertian malaia due to intensive internal and external migration. Chloroquine resistance and primaquine refractoriness contribute to increased local malaria transmission due to a rise in cases of reinfection during-epidemics of vivax malaria. From an epidemiological point of view, the increasing number of complicated vivax malaria cases indicates the untimely detection and treatment of malaria patients, the low level of medical personnel training and a negative attitude of the local population towards the recommendations of national malaria programs for prevention measures. Unsolved problems can substantially retard the time to achieve malaria elimination.
Lvanova TN, Khudyakova SA, Tanygina EY
… +1 more, Timoshenko NI
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2016 Oct · PMID 30387563
The main purpose of the epidemiological surveillance system for malaria in the Russian Federation is now to prevent the possible consequences of malaria-imported by Russians and foreigners from endemic areas. A quarter o...The main purpose of the epidemiological surveillance system for malaria in the Russian Federation is now to prevent the possible consequences of malaria-imported by Russians and foreigners from endemic areas. A quarter of the approximately 100 cases notified each year in the country are detected in Moscow. During an epidemic season, a package of measures to identify infection sources (malaria patients and parasite carriers) and to decline the number of malaria vectors is implemented and the sanitary state, of open water bodies and the efficiency of larvicidal measures are supervised.
Malaria in the WHO European Region has gone from control to elimination thanks to the great efforts of health services in endemic countries. Locally transmitted malaria cases decreased from 90,000 late in the 20th centur...Malaria in the WHO European Region has gone from control to elimination thanks to the great efforts of health services in endemic countries. Locally transmitted malaria cases decreased from 90,000 late in the 20th century to 0 in 2015. Currently, there is a real threat to resurgence of malaria in the south of the European and Asian parts of the Region. Neglecting malaria prevention measures in the countries with high malariogenic potential areas where malaria elimination has been achieved may lead to consequences of imported malaria.
The present review considers malaria infection concurrent with different species of helminths, bacterial and viral infections, as well as mixed malaria pathogens in the subtropical and tropical countries of the world, ca...The present review considers malaria infection concurrent with different species of helminths, bacterial and viral infections, as well as mixed malaria pathogens in the subtropical and tropical countries of the world, causing the clinical picture and epidemiological situation to be different. Malaria co-infections with different pathogenic micro-organisms, such as HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitides, and others, affect almost one third of the planet's population. It is known that people who are at risk for malaria may be also at risk for other parasitic and infectious diseases, most commonly helminthisms.