Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Inhibition of alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase Activities by 2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone.
Iyanda Y, Sulyman A, Aladodo R
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Jun · PMID 40156814 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ????-amylase and ????-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2HNQ). The inhibition of these two carbohydrates metabolizing enzyme was do...
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ????-amylase and ????-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2HNQ). The inhibition of these two carbohydrates metabolizing enzyme was done by varying the concentrations of 2HNQ in the presence of α-amylase, α-glucosidase with starch and p-nitrophenylglucopyranoside (pNPG) respectively as their susbtrates. The mode of inhibitions of the two enzymes by 2HNQ was determined using double-reciprocal transformation. The result obtained indicated that 2HNQ inhibited ????-glucosidase activity with an IC50 0.260 mg/mL lowered than acarbose (1.530 mg/mL). Meanwhile, a moderate inhibitory potential of 2HNQ against ????-amylase was observed with an IC50 of 1.757 mg/mL compared with acarbose (IC50 of 3.600 mg/mL). Furthermore, 2HNQ amazingly mops up reactive oxygen species. The observed inhibitions of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity as well as radical scavenging potentials of 2HNQ suggest that it may be a potential target for the management of diabetes mellitus.
D-Ribose-L-Cysteine protects against sodium arsenite-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats.
Gbadegesin M, Teibo JO, Adegoke M … +2 more , Olajire G, Odunola OA
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156813 · Publisher ↗
D-Ribose-L-Cysteine (Riboceine)- an antioxidant supplement that may help to raise the glutathione levels by acting as a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis in biological systems. Effect of riboceine (Rb) on sodium ars...
D-Ribose-L-Cysteine (Riboceine)- an antioxidant supplement that may help to raise the glutathione levels by acting as a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis in biological systems. Effect of riboceine (Rb) on sodium arsenite (SA) induced hepatorenal toxicity was investigated in rats. Four groups (A-D) (six per group) were treated thus: Group A (water and normal diet only); while Group B (SA at 5 mg/kg body weight); Group C (riboceine at 10 mg/kg body weight) and Group D (riboceine and SA). The exposure to test substances lasted for a total of 14 days in each case in which pre-treatment was done with riboceine. Exposure to SA triggered a significant reduction in the entire weight and relative organ weight, increase in ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities, decrease in liver total protein and increase in serum levels of urea and creatinine. Furthermore, SA caused a significant reduction in GSH (glutathione) level and CAT (Catalase) activity, while the LPO (lipid peroxidation) and NO (nitric oxide) levels were significantly increased. Pre-treatment with riboceine, restored the levels of the aforementioned parameters. Riboceine also promote restoration of hepatocytes and renal cells integrity. Findings from this study reaffirm the hepatorenal toxicities of sodium arsenite and show the protective role of riboceine against SA-induced toxicities. Protective effects of riboceine may be via the enhancement of the level of glutathione, a natural scavenger of free radicals.
The types and utilization of galactagogues in Nigeria: a case study of people residing in Lagos State.
Oyelowo O, Adejare A, Dieobi C … +1 more , Ajulo O
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156812 · Publisher ↗
One of the factors characterizing suboptimal breastfeeding is insufficient human milk production. In most African settings, special food items are regularly used to promote human milk production. These food items, called...
One of the factors characterizing suboptimal breastfeeding is insufficient human milk production. In most African settings, special food items are regularly used to promote human milk production. These food items, called galactagogues, are used in Nigeria, but their use is undocumented and their amount of intake among lactating mothers is unknown. This study aimed to document the galactagogue consumption habits and describe the food items used by some lactating mothers in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 mothers who breastfed exclusively in Lagos Nigeria. A pretested, self-reported administered questionnaire was used. All data were coded in a computer program file (STATA, statistical software, version 15.0). The most reported galactagogue was pap (80.8%). Others were tea (46.0%), milk (19.1%), and amala (9.5%). Information concerning galactagogues was mainly from the participants' mothers (35.9%), while media/ internet had little influence (4.2%). Galactagogues are common in Nigeria, and they signify an important part of the nutrition of lactating mothers. These results could contribute to the knowledge of breastfeeding activities in Nigeria and encourage further research to produce robust facts about galactagogues' safety and scientific efficacy to support evidence-based approaches and advance breastfeeding concerns.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats.
Ilochi O, Chuemere AN
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156811 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the neurologic effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in wistar rats. Thirty male wistar rats were grouped accordingly; Group A: control, Group...
This study investigated the neurologic effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in wistar rats. Thirty male wistar rats were grouped accordingly; Group A: control, Group B-F: CdCl2 0.3ml; H. sabdariffa 1.5ml; CdCl2 + H. sabdariffa 1.0ml; CdCl2 + H. sabdariffa 1.5ml; CdCl2 + H. sabdariffa 2ml, respectively. Gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and mineral analysis of H. sabdariffa was done to reveal the bioactive agents in the plant sample. Oxidative stress, muscle function markers and plasma electrolytes were assayed. Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, phytate, anthraquinone and flavonoids. The mineral analysis revealed predominantly, Mn, Ca, K and Fe. The biochemical results were in comparison with control and statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. There was an increase in SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and GPx in groups C-F, MDA decreased in group C, E and F while PC decreased in group C and F. There was a decrease in plasma creatine kinase in groups C to F and increase in AChE in group C. Ca and K levels had no significant change (P<0.05). Nitric oxide level had no significant change in group C, E and F, but increased in group D. This study demonstrated that H. sabdariffa has the potential to ameliorate the neurotoxicity caused by CdCl2 in wistar rats.
In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential and Influence of Neem Oil Extract on Biochemical Indices of Toxicity Following Sub-Acute Administration in Rats.
Brai B, Amosun B, Komolafe T … +2 more , Joseph R, Komolafe K
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156810 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a popular medicinal plant widely sought for its antipyretic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties, among others. METHOD...
INTRODUCTION: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a popular medicinal plant widely sought for its antipyretic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties, among others. METHODS: Cold-pressed oil from neem seed (NOil) and its cyclohexane-methanol extract (NOHM) were evaluated for their effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in vitro. Also, NOil (75, 150, and 200 mg/kg) and NOHM (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) were orally administered to normal experimental rats for 30 days, following which the lipid profile, antioxidant status, and serum and tissue indices of hepatic, renal, and cardiac damage were evaluated. RESULTS: NOHM caused significantly higher (p<0.05) α-glucosidase inhibition than NOil. Respectively, the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of NOil (IC50 = 4.88 ± 0.38 µg/mL and 74.54 ± 25.26 µg/mL) and NOHM (5.00 ± 0.22 µg/mL and 14.17 ± 5.14 µg/mL) were superior to that of acarbose (9.67 ± 0.09 µg/mL and >150 µg/mL). NOHM produced a stronger hypoglycemic effect than NOil. However, no biochemical alteration of toxicological importance was caused by either following subacute administration to animals as the organ-body weight ratio and serum and tissue indicators of organ damage were not adversely altered. CONCLUSION: The present findings support the safety of NOil and NOHM at the evaluated dosages. The effect of both oil and extract on key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes could partly explain the biochemical rationale underlying the popular ethnomedicinal application of the seed in diabetic management.
Prevalence of Acetabular Dysplasia and its Associated Factors: Major Determinants of Hip Function.
Efanga S
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156809 · Publisher ↗
The hip joint bears a considerable proportion of the human weight and the ability to efficiently perform its plethora of functions depends on the status of the acetabulum. Morphological alteration of the acetabulum resul...
The hip joint bears a considerable proportion of the human weight and the ability to efficiently perform its plethora of functions depends on the status of the acetabulum. Morphological alteration of the acetabulum results in acetabular dysplasia which adversely affects the hip joint. The objectives of this study were to determine acetabular morphology, factors that are associated with acetabular dysplasia which compromise hip joint functions and the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia in apparently healthy adults in Calabar. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Radiology department of the University of Calabar teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria over a 5-months period and involved 100 apparently healthy subjects. Pelvic radiographs were conducted for all the subjects and afterwards center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp evaluations were done on all the images on a direct digital radiography viewer. Chi square, T-test and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data. Mean center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp were 27.41 ± 0.730 (SEM) and 39.00±0.860 (SEM) respectively. Center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp were significantly associated with age (P=0.000 & P=0.000), marital status (P=0.002 & P=0.000) and employment status (P=0.001 & P=0.002). BMI was only significantly associated with center edge angle of Wiberg (P=0.004). Abnormal center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp were mostly seen in individuals below 40 years (64% & 88%, respectively), married (65% & 63%, respectively) and employed (75% & 53%, respectively). Most of the individuals with BMI above 25 had abnormal center edge angle of Wiberg (62%). Mean BMI in males was significantly greater than that of females (P=0.000). Acetabular dysplasia was noted in 4 males (4%). It is concluded that the center edge angle of Wiberg and the acetabular angle of Sharp in our population are similar to the values in some European and Asian populations, and the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia is 4% in this locality. Being a male that is married, employed, overweight and below 40 years are significantly associated with acetabular dysplasia and by implication are determinants of hip joint function.
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Reference Intervals for Nigerian White Fulani Neonatal Calves.
Akinniyi O, Banwo O, Olalekan J
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Jun · PMID 40156808 · Publisher ↗
Reference ranges for blood and serum parameters aid in diagnosing diseases, monitoring health, and distinguishing between normal and abnormal values. There is a lack of available information and research data establishin...
Reference ranges for blood and serum parameters aid in diagnosing diseases, monitoring health, and distinguishing between normal and abnormal values. There is a lack of available information and research data establishing reference ranges for haematological and serum biochemical parameters in newborn White Fulani calves. We aim to establish reference intervals for haematology and serum biochemistry analytes in apparently healthy White Fulani neonatal calves. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 White Fulani neonate calves under 28 days old from different farms in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected for haematology and serum chemistry. The haematological analysis involved packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red and white blood cell counts, differential leukocyte counts, and platelet counts using standard methods. Serum was analysed for proteins, enzymes, metabolites, electrolytes and lipid profiles using spectrophotometric techniques. Normally distributed data was analysed using 2.5th-97.5th percentiles as 95% reference intervals, with 90% confidence intervals per IFCC recommendations, using SPSS software. Haematological intervals included packed cell volume (30.11-32.29%), haemoglobin (9.26-10.04 g/dL), and white blood cell count (4.61-5.18 x 109/L) among others. Key serum biochemistry intervals were total protein (5.61-6.50 g/dL), glucose (67.12-76.78 mg/dL), cholesterol (49.98-60.52 mg/dL), creatinine (0.52-0.61 mg/dL), and electrolytes like sodium (122.25-143.95 mmol/L). The study establishes haematological and serum biochemical reference intervals for White Fulani neonate calves, suggesting their use for future research and comparisons.
A Polyherbal Remedy, PurXcel improves Cadmium-induced Male Reproductive Impairment and Testicular Antioxidant Status in Wistar Rats.
Aribo E, Nwangwa J, Udefa A … +1 more , Antai A
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Jun · PMID 40156807 · Publisher ↗
Cadmium, despite being an environmental pollutant has a wide range of applications and causes oxidative damage to the testes and impairment of male reproductive function. PurXcel, a polyherbal remedy is said to be rich i...
Cadmium, despite being an environmental pollutant has a wide range of applications and causes oxidative damage to the testes and impairment of male reproductive function. PurXcel, a polyherbal remedy is said to be rich in antioxidants and improves fertility. But there are no scientific records of its effect on Cadmium-induced male reproductive impairment, hence this study. Twenty male wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 5 rats each namely control, Cadmium-only, PurXcel-only and Cadnium+PurXcel groups. Treatment with PurXcel lasted for 28 days after which blood samples were collected and testes and epididymis harvested for evaluation of relevant parameters. Body weight changes (BWC) as well as weights of testes and epididymis were significantly reduced in Cadmium-only group (P<0.05 each) compared with the control. PurXcel given alone and in combination with Cadmium significantly increased (P<0.05) the BWC as well as testicular and epididymal weights in comparison with the Cadmium-only group. Sperm function indices (count, motility, viability and normal morphology) and reproductive hormones (GnRH, FSH, LH and testosterone) activities were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the Cadmium-only group compared with the control but higher in all treated groups (P<0.05) compared with Cadmium-only group. Testicular activities of MDA and TBARS were significantly increased in the Cadmium-only group compared with control (P< 0.05) but reduced in treated groups (P< 0.05) compared with Cadmium-only group. The activities of testicular SOD, GPx and Catalase as well as total antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced in the Cadmium-only group compared with control (P<0.05) but increased in the treated groups compared with Cadmium-only group (P<0. Testicular morphometric parameters showed decreases in Sertoli cell count, Leydig cell count, Johnson's score, seminiferous tubules diameter and germinal epithelial height (P<0.05) in the Cadmium-only group compared with the control but which were significantly higher in the Cadmium+PurXcel than in the Cadmium-only groups (P<0.05). A section of the testes also revealed mainly empty luminal cavities and scanty intervening interstitium in the Cadmium-only group compared with the control. The PurXcel-only and Cadmium+PurXcel groups, have dense intervening interstitium and luminal cavities filled with mature sperm cells. There were loosely packed epididymis and which were mainly empty in the Cadmium-only group whereas the epididymis of the PurXcel-only and Cadmium+PurXcel groups have a densely packed epididymis filled with spermatozoa. We conclude that PurXcel improves Cadmium-induced male reproductive toxicity and given alone, improves testicular antioxidant status in Wistar Rats.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care.
Owoyele V, Ogungbangbe GO, Jesutobiloba Oluwasami … +2 more , Abolarin PO, Ayinla MT
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156806 · Publisher ↗
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a leading role in transmuting the field of healthcare. Numerous aspects of AI have been incorporated into the healthcare delivery system. For instance, in disease diagnosis, the practic...
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a leading role in transmuting the field of healthcare. Numerous aspects of AI have been incorporated into the healthcare delivery system. For instance, in disease diagnosis, the practice of personalised treatment plans and precision medicine are AI-dependent. This review gives a widespread role of AI in healthcare, with a focus on applications, and challenges. Deep brain stimulation, statistical analysis, machine learning, and deep learning are a few examples of AI-powered technologies that have contributed immensely to biomedical research and medical imaging advancement. Moreover, AI algorithms are pivotal in genomics research, easing the identification of genetic markers related to disease vulnerability and treatment reaction, thereby aiding the practice of precision medicine. Apart from diagnosis and treatment strategies, AI assists in healthcare management and resource optimization, along with the discovery and therapy of drugs. Forecasting of disease outbreaks, effective allocation of hospital resources, and management of patient traffic rely mostly on predictive analytics driven by AI. Again, AI-powered virtual health assistance, telemedicine has aided patient appointments and support, giving real-time support and health recommendations. Although AI algorithms provide outstanding breakthroughs in healthcare, AI adoption is cumbered by numerous dares such as monetary concerns, regulatory hurdles, data privacy fears, and ethical considerations associated with AI applications, such as algorithm bias and transparency. Futuristically, AI application in healthcare holds vast potential, such as early disease detection, drug discovery, and optimization of treatment. Concerted efforts targeted at tackling the prevailing challenges and creating holistic control would be important to tie together the full potential of AI in rejuvenating the healthcare delivery system.
Effect of Moringa oleifera feed inclusion on nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension in a murine model.
Adejumobi OA, Ake AS, Aderoju AA … +8 more , Ajibade TO, Igado OO, Alaka OO, Ohore OG, Oyagbemi AA, Adedapo AA, Yakubu MA, Omobowale TO
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Jun · PMID 40156805 · Publisher ↗
Moringa oleifera (MO) has been recognized for its numerous beneficial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential antihypertensive effects of MO seeds in rats subjected to Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-N...
Moringa oleifera (MO) has been recognized for its numerous beneficial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential antihypertensive effects of MO seeds in rats subjected to Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) exposure. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each for the experiment. Group A served as the control, received normal saline only, Group B received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) only, Group C received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + 10% MO feed, Group D received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + 20% MO feed, and Group E received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg). Treatment was daily and covered a period of 5 weeks. Blood pressure and electrocardiographic measurements were obtained using a non-invasive tail cuff blood pressure device and a 6/7 lead computer ECG equipment, respectively. Heart and kidney tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters, and immunohistochemistry and histopathology of the heart and kidney were conducted using standard methods. L-NAME treatment led to a significant increase in diastolic and systolic values compared to the control group. Serum nitric oxide concentration significantly decreased in rats that received L-NAME alone, while co-treatment with MO and Lisinopril showed a significant increase in nitric oxide levels. Co-treatment with MO and Lisinopril significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the cardiac and renal tissues, whereas L-NAME alone caused a significant increase in MDA concentration. The expressions of cardiac and renal caspase-3 significantly increased in L-NAME alone treated rats, while co-treatments with MO and Lisinopril significantly reduced the expressions of caspase-3. In conclusion, co-treatment with MO effectively reduced arterial pressure and indices of hypertension in rats, mitigated the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by L-NAME. Therefore, the inclusion of MO seeds in hypertension management may serve as an effective remedy.
Assessing the Interplay between Dyslipidemia and Bone-Related Markers in Postmenopausal Women.
Atere AD
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156804 · Publisher ↗
This study investigates the relationship between bone-related markers and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women in Owo metropolitan, recognizing the critical role of lipids in physiological functions and the heightened ri...
This study investigates the relationship between bone-related markers and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women in Owo metropolitan, recognizing the critical role of lipids in physiological functions and the heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases with menopause-induced lipid metabolism changes. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled, including 60 postmenopausal (PMP) women, 20 premenopausal (PRM) women, and 20 reproductive women aged (RWA). Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters using standard laboratory procedures. Statistical analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and LDL-C in both PMP and PRM subjects compared to the RWA (p<0.05). In contrast, ALP, inorganic phosphate, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in PMP and PRM subjects, while FBS, calcium, and vitamin D levels were lower (p<0.05). Furthermore, inorganic phosphate had a strong positive association with TC, TG, and LDL-C among PMP women. These data emphasize the considerable difference in lipid profiles between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, as well as the higher prevalence of dyslipidemia after menopause.
Gastroprotective biochemicals in Wistar rats orally exposed to Bisphenol A and co-treated with either Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds or its biflavonoid, Kolaviron.
Ige AO
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156803 · Publisher ↗
This study evaluated gastroprotective biochemicals in Wistar rats exposed to both Bisphenol A and either Garcinia kola or its biflavonoid, kolaviron. Fifty-six rats (140-160g) divided into 7 groups (n=8), and treated ora...
This study evaluated gastroprotective biochemicals in Wistar rats exposed to both Bisphenol A and either Garcinia kola or its biflavonoid, kolaviron. Fifty-six rats (140-160g) divided into 7 groups (n=8), and treated orally for 28 days as follows; Group I was the control (distilled water, 1.5mL/kg) while group II (vehicle control) received corn oil (1.5mL/kg), groups III-V were exposed to BPA (50mg/kg) only and treated with distilled water (1.5mL/kg), Garcinia kola (200mg/kg) and kolaviron (200mg/kg), respectively. Animals in groups VI and VII received Garcinia kola (200mg/kg) and kolaviron (200mg/kg) only, respectively. Thereafter and under anaesthesia, the stomach was dissected out, estimated for mucin (n=3), homogenized (n=5), centrifuged, and the clear supernatant obtained was analyzed for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, nitrites, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, respectively.Gastroprotective biochemicals were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in animals exposed to BPA while values in animals exposed both BPA and either Garcinia kola or kolaviron were elevated. Exposure to Garcinia kola and kolaviron alone also showed a potentiation of gastric antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study shows that Garcinia kola and especially its biflavonoid, kolaviron, protects the gastric mucosa against Bisphenol A induced impairment by potentiating gastroprotective biochemicals in male Wistar rats.
The Effects of Consumption of Cooked Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Serotonin Precursor Diets on Scopolamine-Impaired Memory and Motor Co-ordination in Mice.
Uket J, Nyor FB, Osim EE
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156802
Alzheimer's disease (memory impairment disorder) and motor co-ordination disorders are on the increase worldwide. 5-Hydroxytryphamine (serotonin) is involved in short term memory and motor co-ordination (Buhot et al., 20...
Alzheimer's disease (memory impairment disorder) and motor co-ordination disorders are on the increase worldwide. 5-Hydroxytryphamine (serotonin) is involved in short term memory and motor co-ordination (Buhot et al., 2000., Cabaj et al., 2017). Whether beans that contain serotonin precursor (tryptophan) can ameliorate memory and motor co-ordination impairment has not been previously ascertained. Therefore, this research was to study the effects of consumption of cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and serotonin precursor diets on scopolamine-impaired memory and motor co-ordination in mice. Sixty mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (10 mice per group) namely; Control, Scopolamine only, Scopolamine with 50% cooked beans diet, Scopolamine with serotonin precursor diet, 50% cooked beans diet only and serotonin precursor diet only. Preliminary studies on phytochemical analyses were done before learning/memory and motor co-ordination were also studied. Standard methods were used to study learning/memory and motor coordination. The results showed that preliminary phytochemical screening of cooked beans indicated the presence of tryptophan, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols (antioxidants). Learning was impaired in Scopolamine only group compared to control and other test groups (p<0.05). Memory was also impaired in scopolamine only group compared to all other experimental groups (p<0.05). Motor co-ordination was also impaired in scopolamine only group compared to all other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, consumption of beans and serotonin precursor diets improved memory and motor coordination in scopolamine impaired memory and motor co-ordination in mice. The memory and motor co-ordination enhancement observed may be attributed to serotonin synthesized from tryptophan in beans.
The effect of long-term consumption of calabash chalk on peptic ulcer scores in albino Wistar rats.
Okpo-Ene A, Osim E, Obembe A
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156801 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of long-term consumption of calabash chalk on ulcer scores in Albino Wistar rats. Fifty (50) male adult Albino Wistar rats weighing between 160g - 180g were used for the experi...
This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of long-term consumption of calabash chalk on ulcer scores in Albino Wistar rats. Fifty (50) male adult Albino Wistar rats weighing between 160g - 180g were used for the experiment. The rats were randomly divided into ten (10) groups of 5 rats each consisting of five (5) control and five (5) test rats. Group 1 was the control group and was administered 1ml of distilled water daily while group 2 was the test group and was administered 1ml of calabash chalk suspension orally daily. They were allowed food and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 28 days, thereafter, basal gastric acid secretion, gastric pepsin secretion, gastric pH, gastric mucous output, and gastric ulcer scores were measured. The mean basal gastric acid secretion for the control and the test group was 0.58 ± 0.22 and 0.61 ± 0.37uMol/10min respectively. The result showed that the mean basal gastric acid secretion was not significantly higher in the test group when compared with the control group. The mean gastric pepsin secretion for the control and the test group was 0.46 ± 0.02 and 0.57 ± 0.02mg/100ml respectively. The results showed that the mean gastric pepsin secretion in the test group was significantly higher (P<0.01) when compared with the control group. The mean gastric pH for the control and the test group was 4.10 ± 0.37 and 2.94 ± 0.14 respectively. The pH of the test group was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared with that of the control group. The mean gastric mucous output in the control and the test group was 0.14 ± 0.014g and 0.08 ± 0.01g respectively. The results showed that the gastric mucous output in the test group was significantly reduced (p<0.01) when compared with the control group. The mean gastric ulcer score in the control and the test group was 3.70 ± 0.30 and 7.50 ± 1.25 respectively. The results showed that the ulcer score in the test group was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. In conclusion, the long-term consumption of calabash chalk predisposed to peptic ulceration in Albino Wistar rats.
Relationship between Serum Resistin and Insulin Resistance among Obese Non-Diabetic Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.
Agbaraolorunpo FM, Lafenwa A, Bruno B … +1 more , Azinge EC
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156800 · Publisher ↗
There is paucity of information on the relationship between resistin and cardiometabolic outcome among non-diabetic obese in Africa, especially Nigeria with a growing prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular events. This...
There is paucity of information on the relationship between resistin and cardiometabolic outcome among non-diabetic obese in Africa, especially Nigeria with a growing prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular events. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between serum resistin and insulin resistance among non-diabetic obese patients. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 100 non-diabetic obese and 100 non-obese Nigerians. Participants waist circumference, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio were measured alongside fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, remnant cholesterol and blood pressure. Serum resistin and insulin were determined with ELISA technique. Insulin resistance was assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Data was analyzed with Manny-Whitney test to compares the median of the observation between the two groups and chi-square for association test. Although FBG, serum insulin level and HOMA-insulin resistance (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the obese group, ditto for total cholesterol, LDL and remnant cholesterol, blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand (MOD). However, circulatory resistin level in the obese group 1.63 (1.45-1.74) was comparable with the non-obese groups 1.63(1.52-1.70), and there was no correlation between resistin and insulin resistance and any anthropometrics indices Conclusion: Put together, resistin may not be a constant factor in the development of insulin resistance or obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in some obese subsets, hence the need to explore other potential adiponectin factors contributing to cardiometabolic outcomes in non-diabetic obese individuals in Nigeria.
Sixty Minutes Post-Exercise Evaluation of Cardiovascular Responses in Normotensive Students of the University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Northeast Nigeria.
Chiroma HA, Ojo NA, Sandabe UK … +3 more , Abubakar A, Habeeb AA, Salami HA
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156799 · Publisher ↗
The study was aimed at providing a pattern of blood pressure decrease after an acute bout of exercise in normotensive subjects. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 138 apparently normotensive subjects (...
The study was aimed at providing a pattern of blood pressure decrease after an acute bout of exercise in normotensive subjects. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 138 apparently normotensive subjects (83 males and 55 females; age range 18-30 years), and the mean age was 22.28±0.52 and 19.84±0.28 in males and females, respectively. All participants were indigenes and undergraduate students of the University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The mean BMI was 23.29±3.80 kg/m and 19.07±2.42 kg/m in males and females, respectively. The mean resting SBP (118.65±1.52 and 105.6±2.14 in males and females, respectively), DBP (74.44±1.48 mmHg and 70.04±1.42 mmHg in males and females, respectively), and HR (83.92±2.63 bpm and 87.00±2.76 bpm in males and females, respectively) were recorded on their arrival. The mean SBP (145.28±2.67 mmHg and 123.64±1.97 mmHg in males and females, respectively), DBP (82.68±1.70 mmHg and 75.84±1.36 mmHg in males and females, respectively), and HR (112.96±3.08 bpm and 127.44±4.01 bpm in males and females, respectively) were recorded at 10 minutes of exercise. The study observed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) BMI in males than in females. Though BMI was positively associated with SBP at the end of 60 minutes into the recovery in males, the HR was negatively associated with BMI in females at 60 minutes into the exercise recovery. Meanwhile, such association was not seen in other parameters. The mean SBP, DBP, & HR at 10 minutes of exercise were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the resting state in both males and females. The decrease in the mean SBP, DBP, & HR after exercise was plotted against time for 60 minutes into the exercise recovery. A positive percentage change of SBP (22.56% and 17.18% in males and females, respectively), DBP (11.04% and 8.66% in males and females, respectively) and HR (34.41% and 45.37% in males and females, respectively) was seen at 10 minutes of exercise. A curvilinear pattern of SBP, DBP, and HR decline was observed at the end of 60 minutes. At the 3rd minute, the SBP in both males and females was already on baseline; DBP in males was slightly above baseline with a 2% positive change, while SBP in females was slightly below baseline. The SBP of male and female participants after the 3rd minute fell below baseline and remained persistently negative till the end of 60 minutes, with the female curve being far away from the baseline compared to male. The DBP in both males and females was on the baseline at the 14th and 15th minutes, respectively; the curve fell below baseline and remained persistent, but very close to the baseline. The curvilinear pattern of HR in both males and females showed a positive percentage but was above the baseline in both males and females. The study concluded that a typical curvilinear pattern of SBP crossed the baseline at the 3rd minute in both males and females, the magnitude of which is higher in females than in males; the DBP crosses at the 14th and 16th minutes and remained close to the baseline. Meanwhile, HR remained above the baseline. It is therefore suggested that SBP should be taken as a standard pattern for BP decrease during exercise.
Age-Related Effects of Carbohydrate-, Protein- And Fat-Rich Diets on Healing of Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats.
Akpamu U, Salami AT, Odukanmi OA … +1 more , Olaleye SB
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2025 Jan · PMID 40156798 · Publisher ↗
In this study, we compared the ulcer healing effect of carbohydrate-, protein- and fat-rich diets on acetic acid-induced ulcers in young and aged rats. Male Wistar rats (40 each at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18 months old) were gr...
In this study, we compared the ulcer healing effect of carbohydrate-, protein- and fat-rich diets on acetic acid-induced ulcers in young and aged rats. Male Wistar rats (40 each at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18 months old) were grouped into four to receive basal diet (control), carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-rich diets for 21 days before acetic acid-induced gastric injury. After this, the various feedings continued for 3- and 7 days. Planimetry was used for the ulcer healing study. We estimated the redox status, pepsin, mucin, and nitric oxide activities by UV/Vis-spectrophotometer while the Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor (EGF-R) was by immunohistochemistry. Data was analyzed (two-way ANOVA) and was considered significant at p≤0.05. Percentage ulcer healing by day 7 relative to day 3 decreased with advancing age in other diets but increased in the aged rats fed a protein-rich diet. Gastric carbonyl, Malondehyde, and pepsin activities increased significantly with age, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, mucin, Nitric-oxide and EGF-R expression significantly decreased with age. Protein-rich diets modulated the age-related alterations. These findings suggest that a protein-rich diet facilitates the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric injury by enhancing gastroprotective activity to favour EGF-R expression in the ulcerated stomach.
Effect of Musa Paradisiaca Stem Juice on Acute Status Epilepticus, Hippocampal Histology and Behaviour in Rats with Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures.
Mba E
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Dec · PMID 40156796 · Publisher ↗
Status epilepticus, histology, and neurobehavioral parameters of pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic wistar rats were being investigated following administration of Musa paradisiaca (MP) stem juice. A seizure was induce...
Status epilepticus, histology, and neurobehavioral parameters of pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic wistar rats were being investigated following administration of Musa paradisiaca (MP) stem juice. A seizure was induced sixty minutes after the administration of graded doses of Musa paradisiaca stem juice and diazepam, an anticonvulsant drug. A neurobehavioral test was carried out after pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induction. The animals were arbitrarily given five groups, namely: A, B, C, D, and E. Group A animals functioned as the normal control, given rat pellets and distilled water. Group B served as the PTZ control, and the animals were administered 65mg/kg body weight of PTZ intraperitoneally. Group C served as the PTZ + Diazepam (DZP) treated group, and the animals were administered orally 4 mg/kg body weight of diazepam 60 minutes before administration of PTZ intraperitoneally. Group D and E served as the PTZ + MP [Low dose and High dose] pre-treated groups, given 2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg body weight of MP stem juice, respectively, for 7 days orally before administration of PTZ intraperitoneally and 1 hour post treatment with MP stem juice. Significant antiepileptic effects on status epilepticus were observed in MP stem juice (2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg) and the Diazepam group of animals. These antiepileptic effects were clearly seen in the delay recorded in latency of seizure and latency of tonic-clonic seizure, a reduced frequency of myoclonic jerks and a 100% mortality index rate recorded in the MP stem juice pre-treated animals. Histological sections of the hippocampus pre-treated with Musa paradisiaca stem juice and diazepam revealed significant differences in the structural integrity when compared with the epileptic control. The novel object recognition task test carried out showed a positive score for long-term memory as attained by animals in Group D and E when compared to Group B animals that had a negative score for long-term memory. In this study, the administration of Musa paradisiaca stem juice limited the extent of status epilepticus, reduced cytoarchitectural damage caused by epilepsy, and further enhanced long-term recognition memory in the MP stem juice pre-treated epileptic rats.
Cognitive And Neuroprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina in scopolamine-induced Memory impaired Rats.
Odu P, Odu VK, Oyebanjo OT … +2 more , Benneth BA, Onasanwo SA
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Dec · PMID 40156795 · Publisher ↗
Cognitive impairment is largely associated with functional and structural loss in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, and scopolamine has been successfully used to mimic these deficits in rodents. The cost and...
Cognitive impairment is largely associated with functional and structural loss in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, and scopolamine has been successfully used to mimic these deficits in rodents. The cost and side effects of drugs presently used for the treatment of AD-related cognitive impairment have prompted research into alternative products, especially natural ones with high antioxidant capacity, since oxidative stress is a major pathophysiology associated with AD. The current study evaluated the cognitive and neuroprotective effects of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Thirty-five male rats, randomly divided into seven groups (n = 5), were used. Group 1 served as the control and received distilled water. Groups 2 and 3 received Vernonia amygdalina, VA (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) per orally (p.o.). Group 4 received 1 mg/kg scopolamine SC (i.p.). Groups 5, 6, and 7 received pretreatment with either VA 50 mg/kg, VA 100 mg/kg, or Donepezil, DP (1 mg/kg), and then in combination with SC (1 mg/kg). The animals were subjected to memory tasks using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition tasks (NORT) and sacrificed on day 14, after which their brains were isolated for biochemical and histological studies. The study showed that during MWM and NORT, spatial and non-spatial recognition memories, which were respectively impaired in the SC group compared to the control group, were reversed in the VA pretreatment groups. Scopolamine injection caused significant decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase levels and an increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in group 4 compared with the control group. Pretreatments with either VA or DP, however, caused a significant increase in the SOD and catalase levels and a decrease in the MDA level compared with the SC group. Histological studies revealed that VA was more potent in protecting the brain against SC-induced neurodegeneration and morphological alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Findings of this study suggest that VA attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits via inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration and enhancement of cognition in the brains of rats.
Anti-arthritis Activity of Methanol Extract of Peperomia pellucida in Complete Freund's Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Wistar Rats.
Uwaya D, Ohonbamu AK, Obasuyi EI
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2024 Dec · PMID 40156794 · Publisher ↗
Piperaceae includes Peperomia pellucida. It has been eaten and used to treat illnesses. This study tested the anti-arthritis activity of a 70% methanol extract of Peperomia pellucida. A complete Freund's adjuvant-induced...
Piperaceae includes Peperomia pellucida. It has been eaten and used to treat illnesses. This study tested the anti-arthritis activity of a 70% methanol extract of Peperomia pellucida. A complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis animal model was used. Oral distilled water (10 ml/kg) did not cause arthritis in Group 1. In groups 2-4, arthritis was induced and treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of a 70% methanol extract of Peperomia pellucida. Group 5 received oral methotrexate (0.7 mg/kg) for arthritis pain. Group 6 received distilled water (10 ml/kg) for arthritis and was untreated. All inflamed animals' paw diameters, organ-to-body weight ratio, percentage change in body weight, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haematological indices, biochemical parameters, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were measured. Additionally, joint and organ histopathology were examined. The 70% methanol extract of Peperonia pellucida significantly reduced arthritis inflammation diameter (***p<0.001) compared to arthritis control. The weight change in extract-treated animals was not significant (p > 0.5) compared to healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, animals treated with the extract had no significant change (p > 0.5) in hematological and biochemical parameters. The extract and standard drug significantly reduced the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (**p<0.01) compared to the arthritis control group. The extract increased superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in arthritis animals (**p<0.01) compared to controls. Bone damage was significantly reduced in extract-treated animals compared to arthritis controls. 70% methanol extract of Peperomia pellucida increased endogenous superoxide dismutase and possessed anti-arthritis activity.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe