Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Cement Dust Exposure Alters Secretory Functions, Biochemical Profile and Morphology of Gastrointestinal Tissues in Rats Exposed to Cement Dust.
Owonikoko MW, Salami AT, Odukanmi OA … +2 more , Emikpe BO, Olaleye SB
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243567 · Publisher ↗
Asides direct gastrointestinal exposure, inhalation route is another major xenobiotic exposure pathway to the gastrointestinal tract via mucociliary escalator. This triphasic study assesses cement dust inhalatory exposur...
Asides direct gastrointestinal exposure, inhalation route is another major xenobiotic exposure pathway to the gastrointestinal tract via mucociliary escalator. This triphasic study assesses cement dust inhalatory exposure effect on the possible alterations of the gastrointestinal tissues and secretion. 72 male, sixteen (16) weeks old Wistar rats were randomized into 3 different phases of 24 animals. Each phase comprised of 3 group of 8 animals. Group 1 (control) were sham-operated with clean ambient air, group 2 (14-days exposed) were exposed to cement dust for 14days, and group 3 (28-day exposed) were exposed to cement dust for 28 days. Biochemical indices including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl group, carbonyl group, Na+-K+ATPase pump activity, Nitric oxide (NO) were investigated spectrophotometrically in gastric and hepatic tissues while histopathology was studied using standard procedure. There was significant increase in the level of MDA, NO and carbonyl- an observation that contrasts with the level of CAT, SOD and sulfhydryl; no significant difference in Na+-K+-ATPase pump was observed in the exposed groups compared with control. Histopathological alterations in salivary gland and gastric tissues includes edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular congestion. There was significant alteration in basal salivary, gastric and biliary secretions; increased stimulated salivary and gastric secretion via cholinergic stimulation. Conclusively, histopathological and spectrophotometric analyses reflect that inhalatory experimental exposure to cement dust significantly alter gastrointestinal secretions and predisposes the gastrointestinal tract to an array of deleterious effects via protein oxidation and antioxidant depletion and tissue peroxidation.
Association between spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pulmonary function tests in bronchial asthma patients.
Pushparaj T, S S, M J … +1 more , Sathiyaseelan M
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243566 · Publisher ↗
The parasympathetic vagus nerve supplies the heart and lung. The Parasympathetic activity modifies the heart rate and force of contraction in the heart and Airway bronchial smooth muscle constriction and hypersecretion...
The parasympathetic vagus nerve supplies the heart and lung. The Parasympathetic activity modifies the heart rate and force of contraction in the heart and Airway bronchial smooth muscle constriction and hypersecretion of mucus in the lungs. There is a link between these two components. Hence this study is designed to find the association between Spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pulmonary function tests in bronchial asthma patients. In this study, 30 asthmatic patients were recruited from the respiratory medicine outpatient department and 30 healthy volunteers were included. Pulmonary function tests and heart rate variability was recorded in the physiology department. The pulmonary function parameters were found significantly reduced in the asthmatic patient and it shows obstructive lung diseases. Heart rate variability parameters were found a statistically significantly decreased mean HR, VLF ms2, and LF ms2 in the asthmatic patients when compared to controls. HF ms2 was found significantly increased in the asthmatic patient. These HF ms2 were increased to represent parasympathetic hyperactivity. This study concluded there is parasympathetic dominance in asthmatic patients. The parasympathetic activity might be one of the reasons for increases the airway bronchoconstriction and hypersecretion of mucus. There is a negative correlation was found between FEV1 value and HF ms2. A decrease in the FEV1 value leads to an increase in HF ms2.
Academic Staff Strengths of Postgraduate Training Programs in Pharmacology in the USA Pre- and during Covid-19 Pandemic - A Cue for Capacity Building in Pharmacological and other Programs in Nigerian Universities.
John T, Ekerin B
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243564 · Publisher ↗
Structure and function go hand in hand for program success. For the training of pharmacologists, this is also true. A component of structure is academic staff strength. We wanted to know the total academic staff strength...
Structure and function go hand in hand for program success. For the training of pharmacologists, this is also true. A component of structure is academic staff strength. We wanted to know the total academic staff strength of programs and departments in American universities that run training programs in pharmacology at post graduate level in order to inform development in Nigerian and other African academia. Through departmental and program webpages, we mined data on academic staff of departments running graduate programs leading to PhD Pharmacology in the USA. All the data were mined within 96 hours of starting the investigation in 2016 and again in 2021 and were studied using descriptive statistics. There were a total of 25 such programs listed by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) website. From the descriptive statistics, the programs were not identical and varied in their staff compositions by numbers. A total of 1,993 academic staff members in 2016 and 2,042 academic staff members in 2021 were serving the 25 graduate pharmacology programs collectively. Notably more than 25% and less than 50% of the three categories of professorial cadre were non-pharmacology PhD holders. From the composite data of 2016 and 2021, mean staff per program were: 23 professors, 13 associate professors, and 15 assistant professors per program with 2 each of adjunct staff in the categories of professor, associate professors, and assistant professor. Also composite average per program were 5 joint staff, 3 postdoctoral fellows, 4 emeritus professors, and 11 various researchers. A pattern of top heavy majority of professors was derived from both the 2016 and 2021 investigations. Post docs, miscellaneous researchers, joint staff, and emeritus professors formed a dynamic pool. In totality, staffing of the 25 graduate pharmacology programs in the USA in 2016 and in 2021 were top - heavy experience and expert laden with the professorial cadre, diversified, and depicted dynamism during COVID-19 pandemic. KEY WORDS: academic staff, staff strength, USA universities, Nigerian universities, pharmacology, PhD program.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease.
Owoyele PV, Malekzadeh S
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243562 · Publisher ↗
The oral microbiota dysbiosis, as well as lifestyle, geographical location, drug consumption, and dietary habits, are involved in the incidence and progression of dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and some disea...
The oral microbiota dysbiosis, as well as lifestyle, geographical location, drug consumption, and dietary habits, are involved in the incidence and progression of dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and some diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm birth, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative disease e.g., Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Also, neuroinflammation is the most common cause of AD pathogenesis. This study investigated the possible relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Alzheimer's Disease. This review is based on research studies indexed in Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The oral microbiota comprised various microorganisms, such as fungi, archaea, and bacteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the microorganisms, it stimulates host immune cells and releases cytokines, lysosomal enzymes, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species that lead to cell damage, apoptosis, and inflammation. Therefore, periodontal disease (PerioD) through systemic inflammation leads to some problems like the progression of MCI, production and aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein in the brain of the elderly population. In addition, some treatment methods could modulate the adverse effects of P. gingivalis like probiotic dietary supplements, maintaining personal hygiene, as well as gingipain inhibitors which modulate cytokines through blocked Aβ production, ApoE proteolysis, and reduced neuroinflammation. In addition, therapeutic compounds like COR388 and COR286, as gingipain inhibitors, prevent P. gingivalis colonization in the brain and have a beneficial action in some conditions like aspiration pneumonia, low birth rate, rheumatoid arthritis, PerioD and AD.
ABO Blood Group Genotypes and Demographic Traits in Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria.
Yahaya T, Abdullahi H, Muhammad Z … +4 more , Ibrahim Y, Abdullahi M, Ribah S, Jimoh M
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Feb · PMID 38243561 · Publisher ↗
Studies have shown that ABO blood groups and demographic traits influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and can be used in combination with insulin therapy to reduce the disease's burden. However, geo...
Studies have shown that ABO blood groups and demographic traits influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and can be used in combination with insulin therapy to reduce the disease's burden. However, geographical variations exist in the influence of demographic traits and ABO blood groups on susceptibility to diseases and thus require establishing it in every locality. This study determined the influence of demographic traits and ABO blood groups on the prevalence of T1DM in Lagos, Nigeria. A structured checklist was used to collect data from the health records of non-obese 150 type 1 diabetic patients at Ayobo Primary Health Center, Lagos. The results revealed that males, with 88 participants (52.7%), constituted the majority, while females had 62 (41.3%). The age group 40 years and older had the highest proportion of participants with 37 (24.7%), followed by 31-40 years with 32 (21.30%), 21-30 years with 30 (20%), 11-20 years with 27 (18%), and 1-10 years with 24 (16%). Christianity had the highest with 74 participants (49.3%), followed by Islam with 71 participants (47.3%), and traditional religion with 5 participants (3.3%). Eight (5.3%) of the participants were primary school graduates; 34 (22.7%) were secondary school graduates; and 108 (72%) were tertiary school graduates. The Yoruba ethnic group, with 77 participants (51.3%), was the most prevalent, followed by Igbo with 50 (33.3%), and Hausa with 3 (2.0%). ABO blood group A and B (positive and negative) individuals were the most diabetic and expressed the most severe cases, while group O positive and AB negative individuals were the least diabetic. T1DM prevention should be a priority for blood group A and B residents.
Cholecalciferol (VD3) Attenuates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonian Mice Via Modulation of Microglia and Oxido-Inflammatory Mechanisms.
Bayo-Olugbami A, Nafiu AB, Amin A … +3 more , Ogundele OM, Lee CC, Owoyele BV
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243560 · Full text
L-DOPA, the gold standard for managing Parkinson's disease (PD) is fraught by motor fluctuations termed L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia (LID). LID has very few therapeutic options. Hence, the need for preclinical screening of...
L-DOPA, the gold standard for managing Parkinson's disease (PD) is fraught by motor fluctuations termed L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia (LID). LID has very few therapeutic options. Hence, the need for preclinical screening of new interventions. Cholecalciferol (VD3) treatment reportedly improves motor deficit in experimental Parkinsonism. Therefore, the novel anti-dyskinetic effect of VD3 and its underlying mechanisms in LID was investigated. Dyskinesia was induced by chronic L-DOPA administration in parkinsonian (6-OHDA- lesioned) mice. The experimental groups: Control, Dyskinesia, Dyskinesia/VD3, and Dyskinesia/Amantadine were challenged with L-DOPA to determine the abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) score during 14 days of VD3 (30 mg/kg) or Amantadine (40 mg/kg) treatment. Behavioral Axial, Limb & Orolingual (ALO) AIMs were scored for 1 min at every 20 mins interval, over a duration of 100 mins on days 1,3,7,11 and 14. Using western blot, striatum was assessed for expression of dopamine metabolic enzymes: Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) and Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B); CD11b, BAX, P47phox, and IL-1β. Cholecalciferol significantly attenuated AIMs only on days 11 & 14 with maximal reduction of 32.7%. Expression of TH and MAO-B was not altered in VD3 compared with dyskinetic mice. VD3 significantly inhibited oxidative stress (P47phox), apoptosis (BAX), inflammation (IL-1β) and microglial activation (CD11b). VD3 showed anti-dyskinetic effects behaviorally by attenuating abnormal involuntary movements, modulation of striatal oxidative stress, microglial responses, inflammation, and apoptotic signaling; without affecting dopamine metabolic enzymes. Its use in the management of dyskinesia is promising. More studies are required to further evaluate these findings. Keywords: Cholecalciferol; L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia; Parkinson's Disease; Microglial; Oxidative stress; Inflammation.
Haematoprotective and Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Parquetina nigrescens on Arsenic trioxide-induced Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats.
Daramola OO, Oyeyemi WAO, Akinola AOA … +1 more , Raji YR
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243559 · Publisher ↗
This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical composition and protective effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaf (MEPL) in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant assa...
This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical composition and protective effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaf (MEPL) in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and LD50 were determined. Forty male Wistar rats were grouped into eight and orally treated for 54 days as follows: Group 1 (10% tween 80), Group 2 (3 mg/kg As2O3) Groups 3, 4 and 5 (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg MEPL) and groups 6, 7 and 8, (250 mg/kg+As2O3, 500 mg/kg+As2O3 and 1000 mg/kg+As2O3). The animals were sacrificed on day 55 under anaesthesia. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for heamatological studies. Liver concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Liver histology was also assessed. Flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, saponin, and anthraquinone were present in MEPL, also, MEPL scavenged 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS+). The IC50 of MEPL required to chelate metal was also low. The GC-MS revealed the presence of 24 essential oil. The LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg. Packed cell volume and red blood cell count were significantly reduced in 1000 mg/kg MEPL group, white blood cell count and SOD activity reduced (P<0.05) in 3 mg/kg As2O3 when compared with control but increased in groups co-treated with As2O3 and 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg + As2O3. MDA concentration, AST, ALT and ALP activities increased significantly in 3 mg/kg As2O3 group but decreased (P<0.05) in groups co-treated with As2O3 and 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg. The methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaf in male Wistar rats has antioxidant, hepatoprotective and white blood cell protective effects.
Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Following the Use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Adult Wistar Rats: Therapeutic Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate.
Ogedengbe OO, Saliu H, Fafure AA … +4 more , Akintayo CO, Adekeye AO, Ajiboye BO, Azu OO
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243557 · Publisher ↗
The contribution of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions to brain function of people infected with HIV may be aggravated by toxicities due to long-term use of antiretroviral agents. This study was designed to investigate...
The contribution of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions to brain function of people infected with HIV may be aggravated by toxicities due to long-term use of antiretroviral agents. This study was designed to investigate the curative potential of Epigallotatechin gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as a possible consequence of antiretroviral toxicity. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats, weighing 80~100g, were divided into four groups and treated as follows: control A (distilled water), B (HAART), C (EGCG 2.5mg/kg), D (EGCG 2.5mg/kg) + HAART) Brain histology, immunohistochemistry, and oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH),catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed extensive architectural deformation with pyknotic neuronal cells and obliterated neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Expression of inflammasome cells was also evident in this group. MDA levels increased significantly with a significant reduction in the levels of GSH, as well as antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activities compared to other treatment groups. Treatment with EGCG resulted in partial neuronal restoration of histopathological alterations, and modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. EGCG also showed significant improvements in terms of increased antioxidant levels of SOD, GSH, CAT and a reduced MDA level and well-preserved brain architecture. Epigallocatechin gallate improves brain morphology and function with a reversal of HAART-induced alterations.
Awareness and Attitudes of Secondary School Students about Physiology Discipline in Southwest Region, Nigeria.
Faborode OS, Yusuf IO, Adeyemi DH … +5 more , Odewole OJ, Ajisafe JA, Dare A, Olaniyan OT, Onasanwo SA
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243556 · Publisher ↗
Physiology remains one of the core disciplines on which all biological and medical sciences were founded. In Nigeria, it is known that most students study Physiology at the undergraduate level by chance and not by choice...
Physiology remains one of the core disciplines on which all biological and medical sciences were founded. In Nigeria, it is known that most students study Physiology at the undergraduate level by chance and not by choice and end up performing poorly, which could be mainly due to low awareness and knowledge of the discipline, its opportunities, and prospects. Therefore, this study investigated the awareness, attitude, and knowledge about physiology among senior secondary school students in Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional of 544 students in science-based senior secondary schools in south-west Nigeria were sampled. Our results showed a high level of awareness, with television being the dominant medium of information. However, knowledge of Physiology was low, while most of the students also showed interest in knowing more about it. Although gender does not seem to influence the level of knowledge, females had a better attitude towards learning about physiology. Similarly, residence did not affect attitude, howbeit associated with the level of knowledge. In conclusion, the high awareness and low knowledge observed in this study would give insights to educate students at the early stages of education about the opportunity and prospects of Physiology and other science-related disciplines.
Antihyperlipidemic property of Murraya koenigii ethanolic leaf extract on lipid profile of rats fed with cholesterol-enriched diets.
Nwaji AR
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2022 Dec · PMID 38243555 · Publisher ↗
This study was designed to investigate the effect of orally administered ethanolic leaf extract of Murraya koenigii on lipid profile of rats fed with cholesterol-enriched diets for 14 days. The study was carried out on 2...
This study was designed to investigate the effect of orally administered ethanolic leaf extract of Murraya koenigii on lipid profile of rats fed with cholesterol-enriched diets for 14 days. The study was carried out on 20 male wistar rats divided into 4 groups (n=5). All animals were given ad libitum access to drinking water. Group A was the control group and received normal rat chow, group B received cholesterol-enriched diet (CED); while group C and D received cholesterol-enriched diet and were treated with 200mg and 400mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaf respectively. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture on the last day of the experiment for biochemical analysis. Lipid profile was determined by Colorimetric method. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences in means were compared using ANOVA and Students T-test, P-values ≤ 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in Total cholesterol (TC) level (117.4 ± 4.6) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) level (50.1 ± 4.7) of group B rats when compared to other groups. The MK (400 mg/kg) treated rats, showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL-c levels, and a significant increase in HDL-c level when compared to CED group. However, there were no significant changes in all the lipid parameters of the treated groups when compared to the control. This study shows that cholesterol-enriched diet causes dyslipidemia and Murraya koenigii exhibited significant hypolipidemic effect on serum TC and LDL-c and increases HDL-c. Hence, Murraya koenigii exhibit antihyperlipidemic properties. Keywords: Murraya Koenigii, hyperlipidemia, Lipid profile, Cholesterol-enriched diet.
Mucuna pruriens seed repeals the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruption following carbamazepine treatment in male Wistar rats.
Osuntokun O, Olayiwola G, Abayomi TA … +3 more , Lawal AT, Adeleke OS, Ayoka AO
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243374 · Publisher ↗
This study examined the potential effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed powder on the disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis caused by the carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment in male Wistar rats. A total of 3...
This study examined the potential effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed powder on the disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis caused by the carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment in male Wistar rats. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=7). The animal in group 1 received normal saline (0.2 ml) orally, while groups 2-5 received carbamazepine (CBZ) 25 mg/kg per oral. Groups 1, and 2 were fed with standard rats' chow, while groups 3-5 rats were supplied with a diet containing MP seed powder at 2.25 g, 1.5 g, and 0.75 g respectively. The serum level of male reproductive hormones, estradiol, seminal profiles, and histoarchitecture of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis was delineated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the result. There was a marked decrease in the testicular weight, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone concentration, and normal sperm cells in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (2.25 mg/kg) treatment groups. There was a marked increase in the testicular tissue lipid peroxidation in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (g) treated rats in addition to various morphological alterations in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis. These anomalies were receded in the CBZ + MP (1.5 g), and CBZ + MP (0.75 g) treatment groups. Consumption of MP (1.5 g, and 0.75 g) may alleviate the injurious effects of CBZ treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular functions.
Detrimental Effects of Saccharum officinarum Juice on Reproductive Functions of Female Wistar Rats.
Ogunwole E, Ebong JE, Audu LA
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243366 · Publisher ↗
Changing dietary compositions have contributed to the growing epidemic of metabolic diseases with serious impacts on several aspects of health, including reproductive health. Saccharum officinarum juice has a natural sw...
Changing dietary compositions have contributed to the growing epidemic of metabolic diseases with serious impacts on several aspects of health, including reproductive health. Saccharum officinarum juice has a natural sweetness that makes the general populace relinquish its use as a sweet course and well-known raw material for the production of refined sugar. Studies have reported adverse effects of this juice on male reproductive functions, but there is a paucity of information on females. This study investigated the effects of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats. A sugarcane press juicer was used to extract Saccharum officinarum juice. Twenty female Wistar rats (180-200 g) grouped into four (n = 5) received 1.0 mL/kg/day distilled water (control), and 1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mL/kg/day of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice once daily for 21 days by gavage. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). The estrous cycle was assessed using the Marcondes principle and histology of the ovary and uterus were assessed by microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance at a significance of p < 0.05. Saccharum officinarum juice caused an increase in the body weight and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. It altered the estrous cycle by increasing the frequency of occurrence of the proestrus phase but reduced that of the metestrus phase. The juice altered the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries via vacuolations and cysts within the ovarian stroma, while the uterine section showed distorted endometrial lining and glands. Saccharum officinarum juice inflamed the ovaries and distorted the estrous cycle and uterine endometrial lining. Saccharum officinarum juice consumption may possess deleterious effects on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats. Keywords: Saccharum officinarum juice, Ovary, Uterus, Estrous cycle, Infertility.
Phoenix dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats.
Ibiyeye R, Sulaimon F, Imam A … +3 more , Adana M, Okesina A, Ajao M
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243365 · Publisher ↗
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been known to cause neurodegeneration, due to its ability to trigger excitotoxicity, and the hippocampus is one of the most affected regions. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera)...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been known to cause neurodegeneration, due to its ability to trigger excitotoxicity, and the hippocampus is one of the most affected regions. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera) and polyphenols was employed in this study to mitigate on the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate on the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing between 120-150g was used for the study. The Wistar rats were grouped into eight, (n=6). Groups 1-8 received 1.6mL/kg normal saline, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg caffeic-acid for 14-days concurrently, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg Phoenix dactylifera for 14-days concurrently, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg luteolin for 14-days concurrently, 100mg\kg. caffeic-acid for 14-days followed by 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 100mg\kg Phoenix dactylifera for 14-days followed by 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg luteolin for 14-days followed by 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days respectively. After the treatments, the rats underwent behavioural tests, and subsequently, the brain tissues were processed for histological and biochemical analyses. The activities of P. dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate, through increased spontaneous alternation of the experimental animals, dominant matured granule cells of the dentate gyrus and modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in the of male Wistar rats. Therefore, this study revealed that P. dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats.
Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. seed extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced amnesia through increase in antioxidant defense mechanisms and cholinergic neurotransmission.
Ishola IO, Olubodun-Obadun TG, Akinwande AS … +1 more , Adeyemi OO
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243363 · Publisher ↗
Decline in cholinergic function and oxidative/nitrosative stress play a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous quantitative HPLC profiling analysis has revealed the presence of Pinostrobin, formononetin, vite...
Decline in cholinergic function and oxidative/nitrosative stress play a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous quantitative HPLC profiling analysis has revealed the presence of Pinostrobin, formononetin, vitexin and other neuroprotective flavonoids in Cajanus cajan seed extract. This study was designed to investigate the protective action of Cajanus cajan ethanol seed extract (CC) on learning and memory functions using scopolamine mouse model of amnesia. Materials and methods: Adult mice were pretreated with CC (50, 100, or 200mg/kg, p.o) or vehicle (10ml/kg, p.o) for 16 days consecutively. Scopolamine, a competitive muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist (1mg/kg, i.p.) was given an hour after CC pretreatment from days 3 to 16. The mice were subjected to behavioural tests from day 11 (open field test (OFT)/ Y-maze test (YMT) and Morris water maze task (MWM) from days 12-16. Animals were euthanized 1h after behavioral test on day 16 and discrete brain regions isolated for markers of oxidative stress and cholinergic signaling. Molecular docking analysis was undertaken to predict the possible mechanism(s) of CC-induced anti-amnesic action. pre-administration of CC significantly reversed working memory and learning deficits caused by scopolamine in YMT and MWM tests, respectively. Moreover, CC prevented scopolamine-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress radicals in the hippocampus evidenced in significant increase in glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities with a marked decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) production, as well as significant inhibition of hippocampal scopolamine-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity by CC. The molecular docking analysis showed that out of the 19 compounds, the following had the highest binding affinity; Pinostrobin (-8.7 Kcal/mol), friedeline (-7.5kCal/mol), and lupeol (-8.2 Kcal/mol), respectively, to neuronal muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and amyloid beta peptide binding pockets, which further supports the ability of CC to enhance neuronal cholinergic signaling and possible inhibition of amyloid beta aggregation. This study showed that Cajanus cajan seeds extract improved working memory and learning through enhancement of cholinergic signaling, antioxidant capacity and reduction in amyloidogenesis.
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Docking Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark on Acetic acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.
Oluwagbamila OB, Adeniran A, Adeniran K … +2 more , Abioye A, Nathaniel-Ukwa E
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243362 · Publisher ↗
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder that involves inflammation. This study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of Brideliaferrugineastem barkinAcetic acid-induced ulc...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder that involves inflammation. This study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of Brideliaferrugineastem barkinAcetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis inmaleWistarrats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals each, colitis was thereafter induced by intrarectal administration of4% (v/v)Aceticacidin all except group 1, which received distilled water. For post-colitis induction treatment group 2 received distilled water, groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administeredthe extract at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively while group 6 received sulfasalazine 500mg/kg orally.Post colitis induction, treatment lasted for 7 days and at the end of the experiment, colon samples were collected for estimation of antioxidant, inflammatory and histological parameters. Molecular docking study was also carried out to gain more insights about the promising anti-inflammatory compounds earlier identified in the extract.Results revealed that the extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the increased MDA, nitrite,TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Activities of SOD, CAT, MPO and GSH levelswere also, significantly (p<0.05) increased. Furthermore, molecular docking study revealed that α-amyrin may have contributed significantly to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract because of its remarkable binding affinity for IL-6, iNOS, IL1-β,TNF-α and COX-2 relative to prednisolone and celecoxib. This study suggests that the extract attenuated acetic acid-induced colitis via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. .
Vitamin C supplementation promotes locomotor and exploratory behaviors in male Wistar rats exposed to varying stress models.
Olumide OM, Aderemi TD, Arikawe AP … +3 more , Idowu AJ, Olatunji-Bello II, Umoren AG
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243361 · Publisher ↗
Constant exposure to environmental stress has negative behavioral outcomes. Considering the inverse relationship between stress and Vitamin C intake, this study was aimed at investigating variable stress techniques and V...
Constant exposure to environmental stress has negative behavioral outcomes. Considering the inverse relationship between stress and Vitamin C intake, this study was aimed at investigating variable stress techniques and Vitamin C supplementation on exploratory/locomotor behaviors in male Wistar rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (100g-120g) were allotted into four groups (n=7). Control received 10ml/kg distilled water, group two received 100 mg/kg vitamin C, group three was exposed to different models of stress while group four was stressed alongside 100 mg/kg vitamin C. Vitamin C treatments were given orally for 2 weeks. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were stressed every other day with models such as multiple cage changes, exposure to noise, overnight strange objects, overnight wetting of beddings, and immobility. Explorative and locomotor activities were assessed with the open field test, novel object recognition test, and Y maze test using a Logitech camera and ANY-maze software to track the movement of the rats. Cortisol was assayed in the serum using Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) kit. Superoxide Dismutase, catalase, and lipid peroxidase; malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assayed in the serum. The results show that locomotor activities such as distance traveled, average speed, and time spent in the center square was significantly reduced by stress. These activities were improved with the intake of vitamin C compared with stress. Explorative activities such as locomoting around the environment, orientating towards novelty, and touching or sniffing novel objects were significantly increased in the rats on Vitamin C supplements and reduced in the stressed group. In the serum, cortisol level was significantly increased in rats exposed to stress and decreased with Vitamin C intake. Stress also significantly increased MDA and decreased SOD and CAT while vitamin C supplement decreased MDA and increased SOD and CAT. In conclusion, oral intake of vitamin C enhanced explorative/locomotor behavior and increased oxidative stress in rats exposed to different models of stress.
Antioxidant activity enhancement and oxidative damage inhibition by Lagenaria breviflora fruit and Xanthosoma sagittifolium corm in hypertensive Wistar rats.
Oridupa O, Omobowale TO, Oyagbemi AA … +4 more , Danjuma NO, Obisesan AD, Olakojo TA, Saba AB
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243360 · Publisher ↗
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in the world today with hypertension being the major clinical presentation of these diseases. This study assessed the anti-hypertensive effects of Lagenaria bre...
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in the world today with hypertension being the major clinical presentation of these diseases. This study assessed the anti-hypertensive effects of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruit and Xanthsoma sagittifolium corms in experimentally inudced hypertensive Wistar rats. The ability of the plants to ameliorate oxidative damage accompanying hypertension was evaluated using changes in oxidative stress markers as well as monitoring of cardiovascular parameters. Hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DOCA salt twice weekly and daily inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Methanol extracts of L.breviflora or X. sagittifolium was administered to hypertensive rats for 35 days and the outcome was compared to hypertensive rats administred with lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide and a group of normotensive rats (control). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were determined on day 34 and blood sample collected on day 35. The rats were thereafter humanely sacrificed, and organs were harvested. This study showed that the extracts lowered blood pressure, free protein thiols but increased toal protein, gluthathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and nitric oxide in the heart, kidney and liver compared to untreated hypertensive rats. However, malondialdehyde levels and hydrogen peroxide activities were reduced. L. breviflora fruit and X. sagittifloium corm exhibited antihypertensive properties and ameliorate oxidative damage associated with hypertension by enhancing the antioxidant defense sysyem and inhibiting generation of free radicals.
Influence of pregnancy and lactation on vitamin D serum levels and antioxidant status in randomized women in Zaria.
Avidime O, Avidime S, Randawa AJ … +3 more , Kawu MU, Mohammed A, Oweh OT
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243359 · Publisher ↗
Pregnancy and lactation are normal physiological conditions that tend to influence numerous biological processes. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of pregnancy and lactation on serum vitamin D level and a...
Pregnancy and lactation are normal physiological conditions that tend to influence numerous biological processes. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of pregnancy and lactation on serum vitamin D level and antioxidant status in some women in Zaria, Nigeria. A cross‑sectional descriptive study conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria for a period of three (3) months. Blood samples were collected, serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation and vitamin D, were determined using standard methods. Data were presented as mean ± SD, analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis. Values were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) serum malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity during the various trimesters of pregnancy and lactating group. However, the levels of these markers were highest in the lactating group. Furthermore, serum level of vitamin D and catalase activity was highest in the 2nd trimester and lowest in the control and lactating group respectively. Pregnancy and lactation altered serum level of Vitamin D, CAT, SOD, MDA and GPx suggesting a variation in oxidative stress at different trimester of pregnancy and lactation. Key words: Pregnancy, lactation, oxidative stress, vitamin D.
Effect of standardized Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on brain oxidative stress and aberrant neurochemistry of fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Akinmoladun AC, Jiddah Kazeem BS, Bello M … +1 more , Olaleye MT
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243358 · Publisher ↗
The neuro-pharmacological effect of Eucalyptus globulus ethanol leaf extract in fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using H...
The neuro-pharmacological effect of Eucalyptus globulus ethanol leaf extract in fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using HPLC-DAD. Diabetes was induced in rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic animals were orally treated with 100-400 mg/kg of the extract for 21 days with glibenclamide as the reference drug. Blood and brain tissue were processed for the determination of serum electrolyte levels, hematological indices, and biochemical estimations. Ergosterol, pinitol, catechin, quercetin, robinetinidol, and other polyphenols were identified in the extract. Diabetic animals showed decreased serum potassium and sodium ion levels and decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes but increased neutrophils. The brains of animals in the untreated diabetic group with increased blood glucose level showed oxidative stress (increased level of MDA and myeloperoxidase but decreased level of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and disturbed neurochemistry (increased level of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase but decreased level of Na+K+ATPase, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine). Administration of the Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract remarkably ameliorated the observed hyperglycemia, electrolyte, and hematological imbalances in animals. In addition, the administration of the extract attenuated the brain redox imbalance, and neurochemical disturbances in the rats. These results show that Eucalyptus globulus leaves contain antioxidant and neurotransmitter modulating phytochemicals with the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents for the management of diabetic cerebrovascular problems and related complications.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Tumours in Calabar, Nigeria.
Udonkang M, Umoh N, Ogba O … +4 more , Bebia G, Onwineng D, Anku B, Ernest N
Niger J Physiol Sci · 2023 Jun · PMID 38243356 · Publisher ↗
The Coronavirus-19 transmitted through physical contact, droplets, and fomites caused severe respiratory disease resulting in high mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic caused innumerable hardships, panic, and restr...
The Coronavirus-19 transmitted through physical contact, droplets, and fomites caused severe respiratory disease resulting in high mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic caused innumerable hardships, panic, and restrictions of movement which negatively affected the assessment of healthcare services like breast cancer diagnosis in many countries. The results from the histopathological diagnosis of breast tumours have been routinely employed for the treatment and management of these diseases. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the histopathological diagnosis of breast tumours in Calabar. A retrospective study of the newly diagnosed breast tumours recorded in the Histopathology Laboratory register during the COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 recovery from January 2020-February 2021 was compared with cases diagnosed before the pandemic from January 2018 to February 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for data analysis. New breast tumours diagnosed based on month showed low rates of 2.4% and 1.2% during the first and second waves of the pandemic respectively. The diagnosed cases increased to 11.8% and 8.2% after the first and second waves of the virus respectively. There was a significantly strong negative correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures with breast tumour diagnosis (r=-0.919, p=0.001). More benign tumours of 56(58.3%) cases with a mean age of 25.3±11.1 years were recorded before the pandemic and were statistically significant (F=64.260, p=0.004). More malignant cases of 48(57.1%) with a mean age of 47.5±11.7 years were recorded during the pandemic. The diagnosis of malignant tumours was statistically significant between both periods (F=183.550, p=0.001). The ANN model predicted a 25% reduction in breast tumour diagnosis during the pandemic. There was a 100% impact of the pandemic on tumour type, the nature of specimen, and mean age of subjects. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the assessment of healthcare services as a smaller number of women were diagnosed with breast tumours during the period. This may have caused delays and late presentation leading to the diagnosis of more malignant tumours. There is a need to put adequate measures to encourage the assessment of diagnostic services during pandemics as delays may lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality.
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