Cognitive Neuropsychiatry[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Early-onset schizophrenia: studying the links between cognitive and clinical dimensions.
Dor-Nedonsel E, Fernandez A, Menard ML … +4 more , Manera V, Laure G, Thümmler S, Askenazy F
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Sep · PMID 37819235 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), a rare and severe chronic psychiatric condition, is defined by an onset of schizophrenia symptoms before the age of 18. Core symptoms also include cognitive impairments. Howev...
BACKGROUND: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), a rare and severe chronic psychiatric condition, is defined by an onset of schizophrenia symptoms before the age of 18. Core symptoms also include cognitive impairments. However, little is known about links between psychiatric symptoms of EOS and cognitive abilities. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and neurocognitive profiles of EOS patients and their links. METHOD: EOS patients have been phenotyped using standardised psychiatric assessments for DSM-5 diagnoses (K-SADS-PL) and for symptoms (PANSS and SANS), together with neurocognitive evaluations. RESULTS: The EOS sample ( = 27, 12.4 +/-3.2 years) presented hallucinations (83%), negative symptoms (70%) and delusion (59%). 81% of patients presented comorbidities such as anxiety disorders (33%), autism spectrum disorder (26%) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (26%). Patients presented borderline intellectual deficiency (total IQ = 72.5 +/-4.7), with low performances in working memory subtest. We highlight a positive correlation between the IQ and intensity of positive symptoms (PANSS) and between the IQ and a first treatment being administered at an older age. We also highlight a negative correlation between the IQ and attention items of SANS. CONCLUSION: Cognitive skills are correlated with symptom intensity in EOS patients. An older age of onset seems to be a protective factor for cognitive development.
Reversal learning in those with early psychosis features contingency-dependent changes in loss response and learning.
Baker A, Suetani S, Cosgrove P … +4 more , Siskind D, Murray GK, Scott JG, Kesby JP
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Sep · PMID 37737715 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: People with psychotic disorders commonly feature broad decision-making impairments that impact their functional outcomes. Specific associative/reinforcement learning problems have been demonstrated in persi...
INTRODUCTION: People with psychotic disorders commonly feature broad decision-making impairments that impact their functional outcomes. Specific associative/reinforcement learning problems have been demonstrated in persistent psychosis. But these phenotypes may differ in early psychosis, suggesting that aspects of cognition decline over time. METHODS: The present proof-of-concept study examined goal-directed action and reversal learning in controls and those with early psychosis. RESULTS: Equivalent performance was observed between groups during outcome-specific devaluation, and reversal learning at an 80:20 contingency (reward probability for high:low targets). But when the low target reward probability was increased (80:40) those with early psychosis altered their response to loss, whereas controls did not. Computational modelling confirmed that in early psychosis there was a change in punishment learning that increased the chance of staying with the same stimulus after a loss, multiple trials into the future. In early psychosis, the magnitude of this response was greatest in those with higher IQ and lower clinical severity scores. CONCLUSIONS: We show preliminary evidence that those with early psychosis present with a phenotype that includes altered responding to loss and hyper-adaptability in response to outcome changes. This may reflect a compensatory response to overcome the milieu of corticostriatal changes associated with psychotic disorders.
Contrasting social knowledge and theory of mind patterns in adults with personality disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and healthy controls.
Lampron M, Savard C, Bernier A … +3 more , Payant M, Sabourin S, Achim AM
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Sep · PMID 37733030 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Personality disorders (PD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are distinct conditions displaying common symptoms, like impairments in social cognition, that make them hard to distinguish, especially...
INTRODUCTION: Personality disorders (PD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are distinct conditions displaying common symptoms, like impairments in social cognition, that make them hard to distinguish, especially in severe cases. To date, few studies have compared theory of mind skills in these two disorders, and none have compared social knowledge skills. This study aims to compare the social cognitive abilities of patients with these conditions. METHOD: Non-parametric analyses of covariance were used to compare severe PD patients ( = 37), SSD patients ( = 44), and healthy controls (HC; = 49) on the Social Knowledge Test and two measures of theory of mind: the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Combined Stories Test, which incorporates items from various widely used tests. RESULTS: While no significant group differences were found on the Social Knowledge Test, SSD patients performed lower than the HC group on both theory of mind tests. PD patients only had lower performance than the HC group on specific items from the Combined Stories Test. CONCLUSIONS: PD and SSD patients demonstrated distinctive patterns of social cognitive impairments, with items of greater complexity or with an affective orientation being the most discriminant for PD.
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A systematic review.
Geiss L, Stemmler M, Beck B … +3 more , Hillemacher T, Widder M, Hösl KM
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Jul · PMID 37702351 · Publisher ↗
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional instability, all of which were linked to altered modulation of the autonomic nervous syste...
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional instability, all of which were linked to altered modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This and the clinical effectiveness of sympathomimetic medication raised the question if autonomic modulation is altered in aADHD patients. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science for publications investigating autonomic modulation in aADHD and controls during resting-state and/or under task conditions. We reviewed 15 studies involving 846 participants (424 aADHD and 422 controls), including 4 studies on sympathetic tone at rest, 13 studies on sympathetic modulation during tasks, 3 studies on resting state parasympathetic modulation and 3 papers on task-related parasympathetic modulation. Studies comprised measurements of electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, blood volume pulse, pre-ejection period, and baroreflex sensitivity. 2 studies reported reduced sympathetic tone in aADHD; 7 papers described lower sympathetic reactivity to task demands in this cohort. One study linked aADHD to impaired vagal tone, while no indications of altered tasks-related parasympathetic reactivity in aADHD patients were reported. The reviewed data revealed impaired cardiovascular autonomic modulation in aADHD patients, predominantly in sympathetic modulation and during stress exposure.
Unique contributions of specific neuropsychiatric symptoms to caregiver burden in informal caregivers family members of patients with dementia.
Hanzevacki M, Lucijanic J, Librenjak D … +2 more , Lucijanic M, Juresa V
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Sep · PMID 37668258 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate how the presence of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in non-institutionalised patients with dementia is associated with caregiver burden of their informal caregivers, family members...
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate how the presence of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in non-institutionalised patients with dementia is associated with caregiver burden of their informal caregivers, family members. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study on a total of 131 pairs of one informal caregiver family member and non-institutionalised patient with dementia in a family medicine practices in a city of Zagreb, Croatia. Caregiver measures included Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) whereas patient measures included Mini mental state examination (MMSE), Barthel index and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). RESULTS: Total NPI-Q score explained 21% of overall burden. In order of strength of the association, after adjustments for age, sex, MMSE and Barthel index, overall burden was significantly associated with higher NPI-Q scores for agitation/aggression, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability, disinhibition, motor disturbance, appetite/eating, depression/dysphoria, anxiety, elation/euphoria and nighttime behaviours. When evaluating mutually independent contribution of unique NPI-Q symptoms to caregiver burden, agitation/aggression and apathy/indifference remained only two mutually independently associated symptoms, each explaining 5% of overall burden in this context. CONCLUSIONS: Informal caregivers who provide for family members with dementia suffering from agitation/aggression or apathy/indifference should be recognised as under special risk for the development of caregiver burden and considered as candidates for early targeted interventions.
The presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and their association with quality of life among patients with dementia.
Alb'ool B, Abu Khait A
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Jul · PMID 37665567 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common manifestations of dementia. The presence and severity of these symptoms differ depending on different personal and contextual factors. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investi...
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common manifestations of dementia. The presence and severity of these symptoms differ depending on different personal and contextual factors. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the presence and predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the association between the severity of these symptoms and the quality of life in a sample of patients with dementia in Jordan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 112 patients with dementia residing in Jordanian nursing homes were recruited using the consecutive sampling method. RESULTS: The mean severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms was 9.58. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients were depression (61.6%), followed by irritability (55.4%), and a feeling of euphoria (54.5%). The regression analysis results indicated that gender, marital status, and dementia severity significantly predicted the neuropsychiatric symptoms severity score and explained 17.70% of the variance. A significant negative correlation between the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life was found. CONCLUSION: The study's results indicate that our sample reported mild neuropsychiatric symptoms. These symptoms' high prevalence and persistence negatively impact patients' quality of life. The study's results can help mental health nurses determine the factors impacting effective treatment strategies to combat these symptoms. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to help explain the importance of early diagnosis and management of these symptoms in preventing dementia progression.
Associations between intraindividual reaction time variability and prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
Liu JL, Chen T, Cui JF … +3 more , Shi HS, Gan MY, Wang Y
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Sep · PMID 37665566 · Publisher ↗
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit prospective memory (PM) impairment. Intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV) is an index of attentional control that is required for PM. This study examined the differences in...
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit prospective memory (PM) impairment. Intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV) is an index of attentional control that is required for PM. This study examined the differences in IIRTV between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and the relationship between IIRTV and PM performance. Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia and forty-two healthy controls were recruited to complete a PM task and the Sustained Attention to Response Task. IIRTV was calculated as the coefficient of variation (mean/SD) of reaction time over correctly responded trials in these tasks. Patients with schizophrenia showed lower PM accuracy and increased IIRTV, while the associations between PM accuracy and IIRTV were significant in healthy controls but not in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest impaired PM and relationship between PM and attentional control in patients with schizophrenia.
A Bayesian predictive processing account of Othello syndrome in Parkinson's disease.
Foley JA, Chen C, Paget A … +1 more , Cipolotti L
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Jul · PMID 37366042 · Publisher ↗
Although delusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare, when they occur they frequently take the form of "Othello syndrome": the irrational belief that a spouse or partner is being unfaithful. Hitherto dismissed as eith...
Although delusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare, when they occur they frequently take the form of "Othello syndrome": the irrational belief that a spouse or partner is being unfaithful. Hitherto dismissed as either a by-product of dopamine therapy or cognitive impairment, there are still no convincing theoretical accounts to explain why only some patients fall prey to this delusion, or why it persists despite clear disconfirmatory evidence. We discuss the limitations of existing explanations of this delusion, namely hyperdopaminergia-induced anomalous perceptual experiences and cognitive impairment, before describing how Bayesian predictive processing accounts can provide a more comprehensive explanation by foregrounding the importance of prior experience and its impact upon computation of probability. We illustrate this new conceptualisation with three case vignettes. We suggest that in those with prior experience of romantic betrayal, hyperdominergic-induced aberrant prediction errors enable anomalous perceptual experiences to accrue greater prominence, which is then maintained through Bayes-optimal inferencing to confirm cognitive distortions, eliciting and shaping this dangerous delusion. We propose the first comprehensive mechanistic account of Othello syndrome in PD and discuss implications for clinical interventions.
Schizophrenia patients perform as well as healthy controls on creative problem solving when fluid intelligence is accounted for.
Kucwaj H, Gajewski Z, Chuderski A
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Jul · PMID 37212543 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: This study examined creative problem solving in schizophrenia. We aimed to verify three hypotheses: (H1) schizophrenia patients differ from healthy controls in the accuracy of creative problem solving; (H2)...
INTRODUCTION: This study examined creative problem solving in schizophrenia. We aimed to verify three hypotheses: (H1) schizophrenia patients differ from healthy controls in the accuracy of creative problem solving; (H2) schizophrenia patients are less effective at evaluating and rejecting incorrect associations and (H3) have a more idiosyncratic way of searching for semantic associations compared to controls. METHODS: Six Remote Associates Test (RAT) items and three insight problems were applied to schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We compared groups on the overall accuracy in the tasks to verify H1 and developed a novel method of comparing the patterns of errors in the RAT to verify H2 and H3. We controlled for fluid intelligence to eliminate this significant source of variation, as typically creativity and intelligence are significantly related. RESULTS: Bayesian factor analysis did not support the group differences in either insight problems and RAT accuracy or the patterns of RAT errors. CONCLUSIONS: The patients performed as well as the controls on both tasks. Analysis of RAT errors suggested that the process of searching for remote associations is comparable in both groups. It is highly improbable that individuals with schizophrenia benefit from their diagnosis during creative problem solving.
Neuropsychiatric features of Parkinson's disease in the era prior to the use of dopaminergic therapies.
Zhang C, Reeves S, David AS … +2 more , Costello H, Rogers J
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Jul · PMID 37170593 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Psychosis in Parkinson's disease includes hallucinations and delusions. Other non-psychotic neuropsychiatric features include depression, anxiety and apathy. There is currently controversy over whether psycho...
BACKGROUND: Psychosis in Parkinson's disease includes hallucinations and delusions. Other non-psychotic neuropsychiatric features include depression, anxiety and apathy. There is currently controversy over whether psychosis in Parkinson's is an intrinsic part of the disorder or the result of dopaminergic medications. This study aimed to examine a historical cohort of individuals with Parkinson's prior to the use of dopaminergic therapy to assess the prevalence of psychotic and other neuropsychiatric features. METHODS: The case notes of patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London between 1924 and 1946 were examined. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted along with any neuropsychiatric features. Cases meeting criteria for encephalitis lethargica were excluded. RESULTS: 115 cases of individuals with Parkinson's disease were identified. 58 (41.7%) were female. Mean age was 54.0 (SD 9.6) years and mean time since Parkinson's diagnosis was 5.3 (SD 5.7) years. No individuals met criteria for encephalitis lethargica. No cases of hallucinations or delusions were reported. There was one case of an illusion in a patient who was using anticholinergic medication. Other neuropsychiatric features reported were sleep disorder (present in 10, 8.7%), depression (8, 7.0%), memory impairment (5, 4.3%), impulsivity (4, 3.5%), bradyphrenia (4, 3.5%), impaired attention (3, 2.6%), anxiety (1, 0.9%), fatigue (1, 0.9%) and apathy (1, 0.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Prior to the use of dopaminergic therapies, patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to hospital rarely, if ever, reported psychotic symptoms, although other neuropsychiatric symptoms were more prevalent. The main limitation is that a lack of systematic enquiry about psychotic symptoms may have resulted in underreporting.
Linguistic anomalies observed in the Sentence Completion Test in patients with schizophrenia.
Jo YT, Lee JS, Park J … +2 more , Lee J, Joo YH
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 May · PMID 37167542 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterised by distorted thinking, perceptions, behaviours, and even language impairments. We investigated the linguistic anomalies in Korean schizophrenia...
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterised by distorted thinking, perceptions, behaviours, and even language impairments. We investigated the linguistic anomalies in Korean schizophrenia patients compared to non-psychotic psychiatric controls to determine whether the linguistic anomalies in English speakers with schizophrenia were replicated in Korean speakers. METHODS: Thirty-four schizophrenia patients and 70 non-psychotic psychiatric controls were included in this study. The SCT was utilised as the text data for analysis. For linguistic analysis, we evaluated texts regarding semantics and syntax. We separately counted the number of semantic or syntactic errors in the written texts of study participants and compared them between patients and controls. RESULTS: Schizophrenia patients showed significantly more semantic errors ( < .001) and syntactic errors ( < .001) per 1,000 characters than non-psychotic psychiatric controls. Specifically, inappropriate word or syntactic component selection is noticeable in schizophrenia patients. These differences were still significant after adjusting for general intelligence measured by the K-WAIS-IV. CONCLUSION: Schizophrenia patients showed both semantic and syntactic errors in written language. Moreover, these errors seemed to be partly independent of general intelligence. Notably, patients showed a noticeable number of syntactic errors. Further investigation into the language of patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is required.
Cognitive profile in adult women with turner syndrome: IQ split and associations with ADHD and ASD.
Björlin Avdic H, Kleberg JL, van der Poll M … +8 more , Frisén L, Hutley M, Sarjanen M, Nordgren I, Ekholm K, Hirschberg AL, Nordgren A, Willfors C
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 May · PMID 37165648 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The behavioural phenotype in Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with an uneven cognitive profile and social and executive difficulties. Still, studies in adult populations of TS are scarce, and the interact...
INTRODUCTION: The behavioural phenotype in Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with an uneven cognitive profile and social and executive difficulties. Still, studies in adult populations of TS are scarce, and the interactions between different behavioural domains are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive profile in relation to measures of ADHD and ASD in a Swedish sample of 30 adult women with TS. METHODS: Standardized psychological tests and questionnaires were used for behavioural assessments in a sample of adult women with a diagnosis of TS ( = 30). Both frequentist and Bayesian statistics were applied. RESULTS: The cognitive profile was characterized by a verbal > non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) split, and 77% of the sample displayed a split exceeding cut-off for clinical significance. Symptoms on screening measures reaching thresholds for ADHD were reported in two of the 30 participants (7%) and thresholds for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in one participant (3%). Bayesian statistics gave substantial evidence for no association between the IQ split and symptoms of ADHD/ASD. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the TS phenotype in adulthood is associated with a clinically significant uneven cognitive profile, and particular impairments in integrative executive functions.
"My mind goes dead … I cannot speak": an expression of DPD.
Goeta D, Mula M, Mayhew M … +1 more , Poole NA
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 May · PMID 37057376 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Here we present a case of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder which involves an unusual environmental trigger and profile of symptoms in a patient with an underlying left frontal encephalomalacia. METH...
INTRODUCTION: Here we present a case of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder which involves an unusual environmental trigger and profile of symptoms in a patient with an underlying left frontal encephalomalacia. METHODS: The clinical information has been collected from multiple neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological examinations and from the patient's medical records. RESULTS: The neuropsychiatric assessment showed depersonalisation, derealisation, de-somatisation and de-affectualisation, along with a good response to SSRI + Lamotrigine; all typical features of DPD. The neuropsychological assessment showed language problems, and other mild cognitive difficulties that may provide a neuropsychological foundation contributing to the DPD episodes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Given Mr R's underlying neuropsychological deficit, hearing voices without speech-associated gestures might place excessive demands on his ability to process the information, exacerbating his feelings of threat. This sets up the pattern of suppressed insula activation, and possibly the suppression of the auditory cortex leading to the presented unusual DPD symptoms.
Spontaneous perspective-taking and its relation to schizotypy.
Gardner MR, Buchanan T
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 May · PMID 36924343 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia differ from healthy controls in the extent that they spontaneously take another's perspective. For such effects, it is difficult to separate the influence of schizophrenia from m...
INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia differ from healthy controls in the extent that they spontaneously take another's perspective. For such effects, it is difficult to separate the influence of schizophrenia from multiple potential confounders. Here, for the first time, associations between spontaneous perspective-taking and schizotypy were investigated in a nonclinical population. METHODS: Adult participants completed both a Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-BRU) and a novel online adaptation of a visual perspective-taking task that required participants to make judgements both from their own perspective and that of a human avatar. RESULTS: Response times were elevated when the avatar's perspective was inconsistent with that of the participant, providing evidence of spontaneous perspective-taking. This demonstrates that the visual perspective-taking task can be successfully implemented in an online format. However, schizotypy did not predict these spontaneous perspective-taking effects. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike explicit mentalising, this form of implicit mentalising is not affected by nonclinical manifestations of schizotypy traits. This implies that impairment of general neurocognitive function contributes to altered spontaneous perspective-taking in schizophrenia. A novel account based on the cognitive control processes involved in perspective selection and the role of attention in perspective calculation reconciles apparently contradictory findings of earlier studies comparing patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
The impact of ADHD symptom severity on reinforcement and punishment learning among adults.
Morris SSJ, Raiker JS, Mattfeld AT … +1 more , Fosco WD
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Mar · PMID 36786630 · Publisher ↗
Aberrations in feedback learning are hypothesised to contribute to the behavioural disruptions and impairment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have evaluated the relation of reward...
Aberrations in feedback learning are hypothesised to contribute to the behavioural disruptions and impairment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have evaluated the relation of reward/punishment feedback and ADHD symptom severity on learning. The current study evaluates the differential effects of reward and punishment feedback on learning among adults with elevated ADHD. One hundred five participants self-reported their level of current ADHD symptoms and completed an innovative instrumental learning task. Consistent with predictions, participants with low self-reported ADHD symptom severity benefitted equally from reward and punishment feedback during the learning task, whereas participants with high self-reported symptom severity performed better (indexed by accuracy on learning task) from reward than punishment feedback trials. Overall, adults with high self-reported symptom severity of ADHD learned more from reward-based feedback, which provides critical implications for motivational theories about ADHD, as well as for treatment protocols. Future work should examine the translatability of results within a treatment setting.
Fatigue and its relation to general cognition, social cognition and social activity in multiple sclerosis and stroke.
Lohaus T, Witt J, Schürmeyer A … +2 more , Wolf OT, Thoma P
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 May · PMID 36782396 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between fatigue and (socio-)cognitive deficits in neurological diseases has sparked increasing research interest in the past years. So far, findings are inconsistent. Most studies focused o...
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between fatigue and (socio-)cognitive deficits in neurological diseases has sparked increasing research interest in the past years. So far, findings are inconsistent. Most studies focused on general cognitive functioning in specific disorders, particularly cancer or multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This study aims to examine the relationship between fatigue, social cognition and social activity, also taking into account general cognition, more closely, including a stroke patient group (= 57), a MS patient group (= 31) and a healthy control group ( = 20). The participants underwent a comprehensive (socio-)cognitive test battery and completed questionnaires on fatigue and psychopathology which, in addition to fatigue, can also affect (socio-)cognitive performance. RESULTS: In both MS and stroke patients high fatigue scores were observed. Irrespective of aetiology, patients with high and low fatigue did not differ with regard to general cognition and social cognition. However, high fatigue scores were associated with a reduction of social activities in both patient groups. No other significant relationships were observed between fatigue and (socio-)cognitive measures. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies ought to further explore the potentially complex nature of fatigue symptoms and their relationship with (socio-)cognitive performance and social activity in neurological populations.
Loneliness and objective social isolation are differentially associated with anomalous perceptions in community-dwelling older adults.
Kelsall-Foreman I, Bucks RS, Weinborn M … +1 more , Badcock JC
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Mar · PMID 36744805 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Anomalous perceptions are characterised by the subjective experience of a range of distorted and/or hallucinatory percepts. Whilst considerable attention has been paid to the neurocognitive processes contri...
INTRODUCTION: Anomalous perceptions are characterised by the subjective experience of a range of distorted and/or hallucinatory percepts. Whilst considerable attention has been paid to the neurocognitive processes contributing to anomalous perceptions amongst older adults, less is known about the social factors (e.g. social isolation, loneliness). Furthermore, it is unknown whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with different types of anomalous perceptions, including anomalous body-centred self-experiences and anomalous external experiences. METHODS: This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between loneliness, objective social isolation, and anomalous perceptions in a sample of community-dwelling older adults (= 242, = 71.87 ± 7.73, range = 52-91, 67.8% female) using structural equation modelling. RESULTS: Higher levels of loneliness were associated with more anomalous body-centred self-experiences and anomalous external experiences. Those reporting more loneliness also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression; however, the relationship between loneliness and anomalous perceptions was not mediated by these factors. Social disconnection from a religious group was associated with more anomalous external experiences and being married/living with a partner was associated with more anomalous body-centred self-experiences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that loneliness and social isolation have differential associations with anomalous perceptions in older adults and provide additional evidence that attending to loneliness in older adults is important.
"Ten dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?" Temporal discounting in Korsakoff syndrome.
El Haj M, Moustafa AA
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Mar · PMID 36724487 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Little research has investigated decision making in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Specifically, to our knowledge, there is a lack of research investigating whether patients with KS may tend to prefer...
OBJECTIVE: Little research has investigated decision making in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Specifically, to our knowledge, there is a lack of research investigating whether patients with KS may tend to prefer immediate over future rewards (i.e., temporal discounting). Further, we investigated the relationship between temporal discounting and inhibition. METHODS: We, for the first time, invited patients with KS and control participants to perform a temporal discounting task, in which they answered questions probing preferences between an immediate, but smaller amount of money, and a delayed, but larger amount of money (e.g., "would you prefer 10 dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?"). Furthermore, inhibition was measured using the Stroop Colour Word Test. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated higher temporal discounting in patients with KS than in control participants. Temporal discounting in both populations was significantly correlated with inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with KS may have difficulties to suppress the temptation of smaller, but immediate, rewards.
Big Five personality factors predict self-rated cognitive reserve: a two-wave online study in a Mexican sample.
Cuéllar-García MF, Dager-Berecochea I, Villegas-Iparrea AP … +3 more , Molina-Escalante Z, Villalobos-Gallegos L, Toledo-Fernández A
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Mar · PMID 36695101 · Publisher ↗
One of the main contributors to cognitive reserve (CR) is the involvement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSAs), including education, work, leisure, social and physical activities. Personality traits are plausible...
One of the main contributors to cognitive reserve (CR) is the involvement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSAs), including education, work, leisure, social and physical activities. Personality traits are plausible determinants of CR, influencing the tendency to engage in CSAs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between personality and CR, operationalised as self-rated involvement in CSAs, in a sample of individuals aged 18-50 or more. We collected two-wave non-probabilistic online data throughout Mexico. The instruments were the Big Five Inventory-2 for the baseline, its extra-short form for the follow-up and the Self-Rating of Cognitive Reserve (SRCR). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to test the unifactorial structure of the SRCR, and multiple regressions were conducted with personality factors as predictors of CR. For the baseline, 2025 participants were recruited, and 610 for the follow-up, most of them female and aged 18-40. CFAs showed excellent goodness-of-fit, and the regression analyses proved Negative Emotionality and Extraversion to be the main predictors of CR. Our study highlights the need to identify personality profiles at high risk of underdevelopment of CR in ages where it is still feasible to promote engagement in CSAs.
"Cinderella was attacked by the big bad wolf, but the police saved her": intrusions and confabulations on story recall in Korsakoff's syndrome and alcohol-related cognitive impairments.
Rensen YCM, Oosterman JM, Eling PATM … +1 more , Kessels RPC
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2023 Mar · PMID 36472235 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The relation between confabulations and intrusions in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and patients with alcohol-related cognitive impairments (ARCI) remains under debate. This study examines (1) diffe...
BACKGROUND: The relation between confabulations and intrusions in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and patients with alcohol-related cognitive impairments (ARCI) remains under debate. This study examines (1) differences in the production of confabulations and intrusions between patients with KS and ARCI, (2) whether an altered fairy tale induces more intrusions, and (3) whether different types of intrusions were significantly related to confabulations. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with KS and twenty-two patients with ARCI recalled three different types of stories: a novel story, a fairy tale, and a modified fairy tale. Different types of intrusions were correlated with confabulation measures. RESULTS: Patients with KS produced more intrusions in the modified fairy tale condition than patients with ARCI, but these were unrelated to confabulations. Only unrelated intrusions were related to provoked confabulations. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that researchers and clinicians must be aware that in general intrusions on memory tests should not be interpreted as confabulations. Especially spontaneous confabulations appear to be something completely different from intrusions on any type of story recall. When measuring confabulations it is crucial to use validated instruments.
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