Journal Of Health And Human Services Administration[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Self-care practices, health beliefs, and attitudes of older diabetic Chinese Americans.
Washington G, Wang-Letzkus MF
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099582
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Diabetes self management: are Cuban Americans receiving quality health care?
Huffman FG, Vaccaro JA, Nath S … +1 more , Zarini GG
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099581
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship among factors predicting inadequate glucose control among 182 Cuban-American adults (Females = 110, Males = 72) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CAA). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectio...
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship among factors predicting inadequate glucose control among 182 Cuban-American adults (Females = 110, Males = 72) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CAA). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of CAA from a randomized mailing list in two counties of South Florida. METHODS: Fasted blood parameters and anthropometric measures were collected during the study. BMI was calculated (kg/m2). Characteristics and diabetes care of CAA were self-reported Participants were screened by trained interviewers for heritage and diabetes status (inclusion criteria: self-reported having type 2 diabetes; age > or = 35 years, male and female; not pregnant or lactating; no thyroid disorders; no major psychiatric disorders). Participants signed informed consent form. Statistical analyses used SPSS and included descriptive statistic, multiple logistic and ordinal logistic regression models, where all CI 95%. RESULTS: Eighty-eight percent of CAA had BMI of > or = 25 kg/m2. Only 54% reported having a diet prescribed/told to schedule meals. We found CAA told to schedule meals were 3.62 more likely to plan meals (1.81, 7.26), p < 0.001) and given a prescribed diet, controlling for age, corresponded with following a meal plan OR 4.43 (2.52, 7.79, p < 0.001). The overall relationship for HbA1c < 8.5 to following a meal plan was OR 9.34 (2.84, 30.7. p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The advantage of having a medical professional prescribe a diet seems to be an important environmental support factor in this sample's diabetes care, since obesity rates are well above the national average. Nearly half CAA are not given dietary guidance, yet our results indicate CAA may improve glycemic control by receiving dietary instructions.
HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices among college students in the United States.
Inungu J, Mumford V, Younis M … +1 more , Langford S
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099580
BACKGROUND: Students enrolled at a Midwestern university in the United States were surveyed between February and April 2008 about their HIV knowledge, sources of information, attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS,...
BACKGROUND: Students enrolled at a Midwestern university in the United States were surveyed between February and April 2008 about their HIV knowledge, sources of information, attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS, and their sexual behaviors. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to 1,000 students via Survey Monkey. RESULTS: Of the 650 respondents (65%) who provided complete information, 91.2% were white, 70.6% were female, 76.3% were seniors at the university and 94.7% were heterosexuals. Their average age was 22.5 years (SD +/- 4) with a range of 18 to 30 years. Although the majority of students (77.3%) reported to be very familiar with HIV/AIDS including its mode of transmission, important misconceptions still exist regarding HIV/AIDS. Several students either thought that mosquitoes transmit HIV/AIDS (14.2%) or did not know one way or the other (19.9%). About 43.1% were unsure about the existence of drugs that can prevent maternal to child transmission of HIV and 12% actually believed that these drugs do not exist. Moreover, despite the high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among students, the majority of participants (86.8%) did not perceive themselves to be at risk for contracting HIV. As a result only 29.4% had ever been tested for HIV. CONCLUSION: Coexistence among college students of both misconceptions about the mode of HIV/AIDS transmission and denial about their vulnerability to contract this disease underscores the need for a proactive approach to address these challenges facing our youths.
Multi-criteria assessment of county public health capability disparities.
Zuniga MA, Carrillo-Zuniga G, Seol YH … +1 more , Fos PJ
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099579
OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes an analytical approach to the assessment of geographic population health disparities that are measured as the consolidation of public health related indicators into geographic-specific scor...
OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes an analytical approach to the assessment of geographic population health disparities that are measured as the consolidation of public health related indicators into geographic-specific scores, and are representative of the level of public health capability within counties in the state of Mississippi. STUDY DESIGN: A multi-criteria decision model was employed to develop an additive scoring system that assigns a numerical score of public health capability disparities for a geographical area (county). METHODS: Routinely collected indicators were used to measure each county's current public health related concerns. These indicators include access, risks, health care quality, and outcomes data. Public health experts rated and ranked indicators to generate indicator weight. RESULTS: A county score was developed to rank Mississippi counties based on relative public health capability. This scoring system depicts population health disparities among Mississippi counties. CONCLUSIONS: The model is useful and ideal for establishing expectations and benchmarks for reduction or equalization of disparities. This information can be used to manage geographic population health disparities by guiding policy formulation and implementation.
Public health, healthcare policy, and financing & economics. foreword.
Younis MZ
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099578
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Structural relationships between work environment and service quality perceptions as a function of customer contact intensity: implications for human service strategy.
Scotti DJ, Harmon J, Behson SJ
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19803115
This study assesses the importance of customer-contact intensity at the service encounter level as a determinant of service quality assessments. Using data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, it shows that perf...
This study assesses the importance of customer-contact intensity at the service encounter level as a determinant of service quality assessments. Using data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, it shows that performance-driven human resources practices play an important role as determinants of employee customer orientation and service capability in both high-contact (outpatient healthcare) and low-contact (benefits claim processing) human service contexts. However, there existed significant differences across service delivery settings in the salience of customer orientation and the congruence between employee and customer perceptions of service quality, depending on the intensity of customer contact. In both contexts, managerial attention to high-performance work systems and customer-orientation has the potential to favorably impact perceptions of service quality, amplify consumer satisfaction, and enhance operational efficiency.
Staff perceptions of the benefits of religion in health and human services nonprofits: evidence from international development.
Flanigan ST
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19803114
Some argue faith-based organizations (FBOs) provide desirable moral or spiritual components to health and human service provision, and that services are more effective due to staffs more supportive approach. However, the...
Some argue faith-based organizations (FBOs) provide desirable moral or spiritual components to health and human service provision, and that services are more effective due to staffs more supportive approach. However, the majority of research has been conducted in the United States, and has focused on the experiences of Christian FBOs. This article examines the benefits that FBO staff in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, and Sri Lanka believe religious identity brings to the work of their organizations, based on interviews with more than 100 staff of Buddhist, Catholic, Druze, Orthodox Christian, Protestant Christian, Shiite Muslim, and Sunni Muslim FBOs, as well as secular NGOs. The interview data indicate that staff members from most of the religious traditions included in the study believe the faith orientation of their organization brings benefits to their service provision. However, these perceived benefits differ based on country context. Some of these benefits are similar to those often mentioned in the literature on FBOs in the United States; however, other benefits are quite different than those discussed in the US literature.
The implications of policy pre-post test scores for street-level bureaucratic discretion.
Dorch EL
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19803113
Substantial reductions in audit error rates observed over the past few years suggest eligibility workers have moved toward an eligibility compliance culture described by Bane and Ellwood. However, the results of this stu...
Substantial reductions in audit error rates observed over the past few years suggest eligibility workers have moved toward an eligibility compliance culture described by Bane and Ellwood. However, the results of this study indicate that social service caseworkers responded correctly to 49% of the targeted policy items at the pre-test stage and 68% at the post-test stage. Such findings provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that, in instances when caseworkers lack policy knowledge, they use their own discretion. Such a finding not only supports Lipsky's theory but also supports the notion that administrators should be encouraged to utilize 'mastery learning' procedures whereby caseworkers are retained in new-hire and follow-up training classes until they have mastered 100% of targeted policy information. Retention of caseworkers may also reduce federal and local audit errors and errors in crediting the reduction of caseloads to social service policies when in fact significant components of them have not been implemented (learned or utilized). And, most importantly, retention in training classes may increase the appropriate provision of services to the needy.
The effects of involvement and ad type on attitudes toward direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs.
Limbu Y, Torres IM
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19558035
This article examines consumers' attitudes toward Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs that are influenced by the use different types of DTC ads and product involvement. Our findings suggest that pr...
This article examines consumers' attitudes toward Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs that are influenced by the use different types of DTC ads and product involvement. Our findings suggest that product involvement and the type of DTC ad are significant predictors of consumers' attitudinal responses toward DTC advertising. High involvement consumers have more favorable attitudes toward the drug's price, DTC ad and brand name, and a higher intention to ask a doctor about the advertised drug than low involvement consumers. In contrast to Informational and Reminder DTC ads, Persuasive ads have more favorable effects on consumers' reactions to DTC prescription drug advertising.
Drug treatment program compliance and resistance activities during implementation of California's Proposition 36.
Reynolds G
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19558034
The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, was implemented statewide in 2001 in California. This legislation remands non-violent drug offenders to drug treatment rather than priso...
The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, was implemented statewide in 2001 in California. This legislation remands non-violent drug offenders to drug treatment rather than prison or jail. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 72 drug treatment programs from six Southern California counties concerning compliance and resistance activities during implementation. A linear regression model was developed that used a dependent variable capturing overall experience with Proposition 36 and compliance and resistance activities as independent variables. The final model included three compliance variables (sharing problems and solutions with other treatment providers, hiring new staff, acquiring additional space through rental or purchase) that were most predictive of the programs' overall experience with Proposition 36. The implications of these findings in the context of organizational compliance and resistance activities are discussed.
Knowledge, behaviour, perceptions and attitudes of University of Ghana students towards HIV/AIDS: what does behavioural surveillance survey tell us?
Tagoe M, Aggor RA
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19558033
This study assesses knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in respect of risk of HIV infection of students through behavioral surveillance survey. The study used the systematic sampling approach to select 375 students. Inter...
This study assesses knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in respect of risk of HIV infection of students through behavioral surveillance survey. The study used the systematic sampling approach to select 375 students. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to solicit information from respondents. The study found out that the students engaged in pre-marital sex, although this was more common among the male than female students. Students did not use condoms consistently and were not likely to use condoms when the relationship was considered as stable because of trust. Students revealed that they were all at risk of infection; however, a significant number of them did not know their HIV status and were not ready to take the test for fear of stigmatization. There low level knowledge among female students of the different types of STI. The results suggest that there is need for an appropriate education program for students. Peer education clubs need to be established to provide education on condom management. In addition, edutainment-education through entertainment program on HIV/AIDS -- needs to be an integral part of the university's curriculum. More recreational centers need to be established to allow students to channel their energies towards sports.
Health literacy and English language comprehension among elderly inpatients at an urban safety-net hospital.
Cordasco KM, Asch SM, Franco I … +1 more , Mangione CM
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19558032
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between health literacy and age in chronically-ill inpatients at a safety-net hospital. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 399 English- and Spanish-speaking inpatients being ev...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between health literacy and age in chronically-ill inpatients at a safety-net hospital. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 399 English- and Spanish-speaking inpatients being evaluated or treated for Congestive Heart Failure or Coronary Artery Disease at a large, urban safety-net teaching hospital in Southern California. DESIGN: Participants were interviewed to ascertain education, English comprehension, and in-home language use. Health literacy was assessed using The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). We compared by age (aged 65 or more, 51 to 64 years of age, and less than age 50) levels of health literacy, educational attainment, English comprehension, and language use. RESULTS: Prevalence of inadequate health literacy significantly increased with increasing age (87.2% in > or = 65, 48.9% for 51-64, and 26.3% in < or = 50, p<0.001). The correlation between older age and lower health literacy persisted when controlling for educational achievement, race, ethnicity, gender, and immigration status. Additionally, older patients were more likely to have never learned to read (34.9% in > or = 65, 6.5% for 51-64, and 1.5% in < or = 50, p<0.001), no formal education (27.9% in > or = 65, 9.0% for 51-64, and 0.8% in < or = 50, p<0.001), have limited English comprehension (74.2% in > or = 65, 43.5% for 51-64, and 35.8% in < or = 50, p<0.001), and speak a non-English language at home (82.3% in > or = 65, 70.2% for 51-64, and 62.2% in < or = 50, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: To prepare to meet the chronic disease needs of a growing older patient population, and ameliorate the negative health effects of associated low literacy, safety-net hospital leaders and providers need to prioritize the development and implementation of low-literacy educational materials, programs, and services.
Community capacity for cancer prevention.
Ransom PE, Wei Y, Stellman SD
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19558031
We pilot-tested a street-level study of availability of physical resources to assess ethnic disparities in community capacity for cancer prevention in forty Brooklyn, NY, census tracts with high proportions of White, Afr...
We pilot-tested a street-level study of availability of physical resources to assess ethnic disparities in community capacity for cancer prevention in forty Brooklyn, NY, census tracts with high proportions of White, African American, or Jamaican immigrant populations. Interns with GIS maps made street-level inventories of food retailers, fast-food restaurants, and commercial exercise facilities. Availability was quantified as resources per capita or square mile. Median income-adjusted number of supermarkets, greengrocers and fast-food restaurants per square mile was significantly higher in Jamaican than in African American or White tracts. Bodegas per capita was greatest in African American tracts, with no significant differences among the population groups in availability of health food stores, or commercial exercise venues.
Organizational and individual perspectives on caring in hospitals.
Graber DR
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19385424
Caring and humanism in hospitals exist on both the organizational and the individual levels. This paper identifies key organizations and foundations that have succeeded in promoting or fostering caring environments in ho...
Caring and humanism in hospitals exist on both the organizational and the individual levels. This paper identifies key organizations and foundations that have succeeded in promoting or fostering caring environments in hospitals. These include the Picker Institute, the Baptist Healing Trust, Sage Consulting, and the Caritas Consortium. Exemplary, caring clinicians in hospitals are also described. These clinicians developed positive relationships with patients and in interviews communicated a number of approaches to express caring to patients. Health and human services managers can take a number of steps to promote caring among their clinicians. However, they must implement a culture and a reward system that encourages humanism.
Humanism in nursing homes: the impact of top management.
Castle NG, Ferguson JC, Hughes K
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19385423
We provide a review of ways in which top managers of nursing homes can provide or impact the humanistic component of care provided in their facilities. We describe the nursing home top management team; the role of top ma...
We provide a review of ways in which top managers of nursing homes can provide or impact the humanistic component of care provided in their facilities. We describe the nursing home top management team; the role of top managers in nursing homes; the role of top managers as leaders in the nursing home; the literature examining the impact of top managers in nursing homes; and, examine developments in the nursing home industry that are influencing (or could potentially influence) the humanistic components of care. We conclude with suggestions for top managers, nursing home owners, and policy makers to create more caring humanistic environments. Suggestions include resident-directed care initiatives and culture change.
Caring science and human caring theory: transforming personal and professional practices of nursing and health care.
Watson J
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19385422
This article explores some of the latest developments of the emergence of Caring Science as the moral, theoretical, and philosophical foundation for nursing, leading to transformative personal/professional practices. Thr...
This article explores some of the latest developments of the emergence of Caring Science as the moral, theoretical, and philosophical foundation for nursing, leading to transformative personal/professional practices. Through nurse's taking responsibility for advancing nursing qua nursing, practitioners, patients, and systems alike are witnessing a revolution in nursing, which is restoring the heart of nursing and health care through theory-guided philosophical practices of heart-centered love and caring as the foundation for healing.
The health care leader as humanist.
Kilpatrick AO
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19385421
This paper discusses the nature of humanism in healthcare management and leadership. Humanism in healthcare management should entail serving 1) patients and their families, 2) organizational members, and 3) the community...
This paper discusses the nature of humanism in healthcare management and leadership. Humanism in healthcare management should entail serving 1) patients and their families, 2) organizational members, and 3) the community. The article describes how humanism is largely absent from healthcare organizations as a critical and important value. In the twentieth century, a number of models of healthcare leadership were developed that were humanistic in focus. These models primarily stressed the value of attention by leaders on the needs and values of people working in the organization. However, humanistic, healthcare leadership involves not only motivating and empowering employees, but a primary, essential focus is for leaders to create environments that support and uplift patients and their families. Humanistic care in healthcare organizations can be facilitated by leaders establishing positive, supportive, and empowering environments for clinicians and other employees. Secondly, managers can establish programs to develop and train employees to provide humanistic care.
Ten approaches for enhancing empathy in health and human services cultures.
Hojat M
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19385420
Empathy is defined as a predominantly cognitive attribute that involves an understanding of experiences, concerns and perspectives of another person, combined with a capacity to communicate this understanding. Empathy in...
Empathy is defined as a predominantly cognitive attribute that involves an understanding of experiences, concerns and perspectives of another person, combined with a capacity to communicate this understanding. Empathy in the context of clinical care can lead to positive patient outcomes including greater patient satisfaction and compliance, lower rates of malpractice litigation, lower cost of medical care, and lower rate of medical errors. Also, health professionals' wellbeing is associated with higher empathy. Enhancing empathic engagement in patient care is one of the important tasks of medical education. In this article, I briefly describe 10 approaches for enhancing empathy in the health care environment: improving interpersonal skills, audio- or video-taping of encounters with patients, exposure to role models, role playing (aging game), shadowing a patient (patient navigator), hospitalization experiences, studying literature and the arts, improving narrative skills, theatrical performances, and the Balint method. I conclude that empathic engagement in the health care and human services is beneficial not only to the patients, but also to physicians, other health care providers, administrators, managers, health care institutions, and the public at large.
Introduction to the symposium--humanism in healthcare management.
Graber DR, Kilpatrick AO
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 19385419
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Infant mortality in southern states: a bureaucratic nightmare.
Menifield CE, Dawson J
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2008 · PMID 19209565
Despite numerous advances in technology, medicine, and health care, infant mortality continues to reach very high levels in southern states. The purpose of this paper is to examine demographic, economic, and health care...
Despite numerous advances in technology, medicine, and health care, infant mortality continues to reach very high levels in southern states. The purpose of this paper is to examine demographic, economic, and health care factors that are likely to affect infant mortality. In so doing, we first compare infant mortality and other critical factors in southern states to other regions of the country. Second, we use cross tabulation tables to determine if there is a correlation between infant mortality and several independent variables. Third, we use regression analysis to determine how each of these variables affects the change in infant mortality for the 1990-2003 periods. The results of the cross tabulation tables indicate relationships between infant mortality and each of the independent variables. When these variables were placed in a regression model, high school graduation rates, race, geographic region, unemployment rates, uninsured rates, teenage pregnancy rates, single parent families, and the number of doctors and hospitals were significant.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe