Journal Of Health And Human Services Administration[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
A critique of measures that assess community efforts to reduce disproportionality and disparities in child welfare and juvenile justice agencies.
Barbee AP
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21329192
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Measuring change in disproportionality and disparities: three diagnostic tools.
Richardson B, Derezotes D
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21329191
At present there are few examples of sustained reductions in disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. This article describes the use of three instruments that have been used...
At present there are few examples of sustained reductions in disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. This article describes the use of three instruments that have been used to measure levels of racial and ethnic disproportionality and disparities: The Disproportionality Diagnostic Tool, Ecomap and Racial Equity Scorecard. Using a combination of community and public agency data, these tools measure and track change over time on racial and ethnic disproportionality and disparities. Study results indicated a reduction in racial and ethnic disproportionality and disparities and demonstrated the utility of all three instruments for targeting efforts and assessing improvements in child welfare over time.
How legal communities can use research to drive improvement: a response to Dorch, et. al.
Jaasko-Fisher T
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21329190
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Social service availability & proximity and the over-representation of minority children in child welfare.
Dorch EL, Bathman J, Foster D … +4 more , Ingels L, Lee C, Miramontes C, Youngblood J
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21329189
The goal of this study was to assess whether child welfare services were available and proximal in identified, predominantly Black and Hispanic zip code areas of three southern cities. GIS mapping of services contained i...
The goal of this study was to assess whether child welfare services were available and proximal in identified, predominantly Black and Hispanic zip code areas of three southern cities. GIS mapping of services contained in a state 2-1-1 community services data base revealed that there were no treatment services and/or no public transportation and/or lengthy public (bus) transportation times in 50% of the identified areas of one city and in almost 25% of the three cities combined. The authors suggest service availability and proximity should increase the likelihood of parent enrollment, attendance and completion which should increase parent dependency court compliance rates. Further, they suggest that court compliance rates should increase the rate of return of Black children to their parents and thereby reduce child welfare caseloads. Given, the logic of their argument, the authors go on to recommend that child welfare administrators annually perform GIS analyses of State 2-1-1 community services data bases to keep abreast of child welfare service availability and proximity. Additionally, they offer a number of recommendations for how to increase service availability and proximity in predominantly Black and Hispanic urban areas.
Race, class, and the child welfare system. Introduction.
Pelton LH
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21329188
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Illness onset as status passage for people with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Vickers MH
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21086956
The lived experience of the Illness Onset Status Passage for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is explored here. Glaser and Strauss' (1971) status passage is used to analyse the properties of this Status Passage. The I...
The lived experience of the Illness Onset Status Passage for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is explored here. Glaser and Strauss' (1971) status passage is used to analyse the properties of this Status Passage. The Illness Onset Status Passage for people with MS includes three key phases: (1) An Unknown Passage lived as either what are thought to be "Harmless" Symptoms or, conversely, as Alarming Symptoms, both of which are experienced without knowledge of having MS; (2) Incomplete Knowledge (ie accompanying initial diagnosis) Lived as Felt Stigma arising as a result of the person's own lack of useful knowledge of the disease at the point of diagnosis, and compounded by negative community stereotypes about MS; and, (3) Living Thrownness, where the person with MS is thrown into turmoil and ill equipped to deal with their changed life. While it is acknowledged that the life journey for people with MS will contain multiple status passages, this initial status passage--the Illness Onset Status Passage--needs to be better understood so that people with MS get the support that they need from health care professionals and others at such a critical time in their lives.
The influence of environmental and organizational factors on hospitals' clinical IT sophistication.
Xiao Q, Savage GT, Zhuang W
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21086955
The present study examines the separate and combined effects of environmental and organizational variables on hospitals' clinical IT sophistication in a multivariate framework. The analyses focused on two distinct but re...
The present study examines the separate and combined effects of environmental and organizational variables on hospitals' clinical IT sophistication in a multivariate framework. The analyses focused on two distinct but related questions. First, in the context of the bivariate hypotheses, what is the relative significance empirically of each of the environmental and organizational classes of variables? And second, within classes and on an overall basis, which specific variables make the largest contribution to explained variance in the dependent variable hospitals' clinical IT sophistication when all other variables are held constant? Data collected from 99 Texas hospitals are analyzed to assess the effects of the antecedent variables both within and across classes. Our findings suggest the bigger contribution of environmental antecedents to the level of clinical IT sophistication in hospitals, compared to that of organizational antecedents. We end by discussing the limitations and implications of the study.
Federalism, intergovernmental relations, and the challenge of the medically uninsurable: a retrospective on high risk pools in the states.
Plein LC
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21086954
While relatively overlooked in health policy research and analysis, state high risk insurance pools play a notable role in contemporary health policy arrangements. Also know as State Comprehensive Health Insurance Plans,...
While relatively overlooked in health policy research and analysis, state high risk insurance pools play a notable role in contemporary health policy arrangements. Also know as State Comprehensive Health Insurance Plans, high-risk pools emerged in the late 1970s as states began to grapple with the challenges of the medically uninsured. Today, thirty-five states operate these programs. To further our understanding of health and human services administration, it is important to examine these plans, especially in context of intergovernmental health policy in the United States. This analysis provides an overview of high risk pool evolution and gives attention to forces that have shaped their development, such as model legislation, funding arrangements, and increasing federal-level interest in their use as platforms to advance national policy initiatives.
Impact of the health services utilization and improvement model (HUIM) on self efficacy and satisfaction among a head start population.
Tataw DB, Bazargan-Hejazi S
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 21086957
The aim of this paper is to evaluate and report the impact of the Health Services Utilization Improvement Model (HUIM) on utilization and satisfaction with care, as well as knowledge regarding prevention, detection, and...
The aim of this paper is to evaluate and report the impact of the Health Services Utilization Improvement Model (HUIM) on utilization and satisfaction with care, as well as knowledge regarding prevention, detection, and treatment of asthma, diabetes, tuberculosis, and child injury among low income health services consumers. HUIM outcomes data shows that the coupling of parental education and ecological factors (service linkage and provider orientation) impacts the health services utilization experience of low income consumers evidenced by improved self-efficacy (knowledge and voice), and satisfaction with care from a child's regular provider. Participation in HUIM activities also improved the low income consumer's knowledge of disease identification, self-care and prevention.
The impact of the National Practitioner Data Bank on licensing actions by state medical licensing boards.
Jesilow P, Ohlander J
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20568586
The United States Congress mandated the establishment of the National Practitioner Data Bank in large part to decrease the likelihood that errant individuals might be able to avoid detection by licensing boards and pract...
The United States Congress mandated the establishment of the National Practitioner Data Bank in large part to decrease the likelihood that errant individuals might be able to avoid detection by licensing boards and practice medicine. We use a decade of longitudinal data (1985-94), for each of the 50 states, to evaluate the Bank's impact on state licensing board actions, during the four years following its 1990 birth. The results of a pooled, time-series analysis reveal that medical board restrictions on physicians' practices increased substantially following the creation of the Data Bank. We conclude that the increase was likely due to the licensing boards taking actions against delinquent physicians who had previously slipped through cracks in the regulatory system or who had earlier received warnings or administrative fines.
The effect of rurality and gender on stroke awareness of adults in West Virginia.
Alkadry MG, Tower LE
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20568585
Rurality, characterized with limited access to emergency stroke care, adds another risk factor to victims of stroke. Although there is a growing literature on gender differences, very little is known about how these gend...
Rurality, characterized with limited access to emergency stroke care, adds another risk factor to victims of stroke. Although there is a growing literature on gender differences, very little is known about how these gender differences intersect with rurality. A random sample of 2,000 adults were invited to participate (n=1,114) in a mail survey in West Virginia. The population is split into four groups: urban men, urban women, rural men and rural women. The findings suggest that rural older women face higher risks of stroke than other groups. The study recommends that this group be targeted by campaigns to raise stroke awareness.
Social support as a predictor of HIV testing in at-risk populations: a research note.
Grosso A
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20568584
This paper examines the relationship between social support and the probability of getting tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among at-risk adults in the United States. According to the literature, social supp...
This paper examines the relationship between social support and the probability of getting tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among at-risk adults in the United States. According to the literature, social support is one mechanism through which social capital is purported to work. Several studies have hypothesized that social capital influences public health, including HIV or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) case rates and behaviors related to contracting HIV. In this analysis, I use social support as an individual level measure of social capital and examine its influence on a protective behavior, getting tested for HIV. The relationship of social capital and social support to behaviors related to HIV is relevant to the design and implementation of HIV prevention programs.
Cultural competence: its promise for reducing healthcare disparities.
Harris GL
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20568583
Healthcare disparities have reached such disproportionate levels of disease burden for certain groups that the issue has become a national priority. This article examines the most recent iteration of the healthcare dispa...
Healthcare disparities have reached such disproportionate levels of disease burden for certain groups that the issue has become a national priority. This article examines the most recent iteration of the healthcare disparities movement, the aggressive legislative steps by the federal government to disrupt its destructive path and the promise that cultural competence holds for healthcare providers and the healthcare industry as a whole in placing the patient back at the center of healthcare treatment. Such efforts, it is argued, will be instrumental in helping to reduce healthcare disparities and make the healthcare delivery experience a more positive outcome for all patients.
The importance of performance assessment in local government decisions to fund health and human services nonprofit organizations.
Vaughan SK
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20433118
In times of fiscal crisis, demand for health and human services increases while revenues shrink, causing funders to focus more intently on identifying the most successful organizations in which to invest scarce resources...
In times of fiscal crisis, demand for health and human services increases while revenues shrink, causing funders to focus more intently on identifying the most successful organizations in which to invest scarce resources. This research grew out of interest in enhancing performance assessment of nonprofit organizations expressed by local government managers. A survey of Alliance for Innovation Members explores two primary research questions: 1) what is a successful nonprofit; and 2) what type(s) of performance assessment tools are the most useful. The results strengthen our understanding of what information city and county managers want and why they prefer certain evaluation tools.
Enhancing long-term care for older adults: an exploration of interagency collaboration within geriatric education centers.
Ford CR, Henderson J, Handley DM
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20433117
This article examines how the study of geriatric education provides a collaborative environment in which nonprofits can work together and with government in order to effectively manage the challenges in caring for older...
This article examines how the study of geriatric education provides a collaborative environment in which nonprofits can work together and with government in order to effectively manage the challenges in caring for older adults in the coming decades. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) provides federal funding to implement and maintain Geriatric Education Centers (GECs) in health care facilities across the country. These GECs have recently been directed to focus on strengthening the availability and quality of comprehensive interdisciplinary training for health care professionals that work with older adults. The funding has come at a time when the nation is faced with both a shortage of health care professionals and a dramatic increase in the older adult population in future years. Due to the critical relevance of GEC offerings for health care and the baby boomer generation, this study provides an exploratory evaluation of programs offered by GECs and the degree of both interdisciplinary and interagency collaboration between GECs, community nonprofits, and government partners in the provision of geriatric health care training. Findings suggest the interdisciplinary and interagency partnerships do exist but are vulnerable to conflicts especially between GECs.
Using community-based needs assessments to strengthen nonprofit-government collaboration and service delivery.
Eschenfelder BE
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20433116
Human service needs assessments are a valuable research tool for prioritizing services to address unmet and undermet needs, and they are essential to organizational and community planning efforts. This article looks at t...
Human service needs assessments are a valuable research tool for prioritizing services to address unmet and undermet needs, and they are essential to organizational and community planning efforts. This article looks at the role of nonprofits in conducting human service needs assessments, a responsibility often left to government health and human service administrators. Exploring the role of private nonprofits in community-based research is especially relevant due to current economic challenges that have caused increasing need for human services, dwindling resources available to meet those needs, and even greater pressures on nonprofit and public organization administrators to prioritize limited resources and services. This article provides an overview of human service needs assessments--their purpose, benefits, problems, and strategies--and it reviews one exemplar human service needs assessment that may serve as a model for nonprofit and government administrators who are responsible for monitoring and responding to the health and human services needs of local communities and regions.
Medicaid fee for service reimbursement and the delivery of human services for individuals with developmental disabilities or severe mental illness: negotiating cost.
Walker MA, Osterhaus JE
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20433115
Fees paid by Medicaid are a primary resource for nonprofit organizations serving individuals with developmental disabilities and severe mental illness. While Medicaid reimbursement has facilitated the transition from ins...
Fees paid by Medicaid are a primary resource for nonprofit organizations serving individuals with developmental disabilities and severe mental illness. While Medicaid reimbursement has facilitated the transition from institutional to community care, cost is not well understood. This article examines how government and nonprofit organizations negotiate the cost of service delivery. Analysis based on this case study shows cost is a central concern for both government and nonprofit service providers.
Introduction to the symposium: nonprofit organizations as key partners in the development, delivery and evaluation of health and human services.
Norris-Tirrell D
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2010 · PMID 20433114
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Mentoring and organisational constraints as predictors of attitudes to work in the Nigerian public health sector.
Okurame DE
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099584
The present study examines work attitudes in the public health sector using the relative impact of mentoring and organisational constraints on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Data was collected from 161 e...
The present study examines work attitudes in the public health sector using the relative impact of mentoring and organisational constraints on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Data was collected from 161 employees in a large government-owned hospital in south western Nigeria. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis (which controlled for the effects of relevant covariates) showed that when informal mentoring and perceived organisational constraints were entered in the second step, R2 for organisational commitment and job satisfaction increased from .17 to .45 (p = < .001), and from .15 to .49 (p = < .001), respectively. These findings suggest that work attitudes in the public health sector can be improved by facilitating mentoring relationships and removing organisational obstacles. The implications of these findings for policy formulation and effective health care delivery are explained.
The case for regulatory reform in the business and healthcare environments.
Younis MZ, Barhem B, Hamidi S … +3 more , Inungu J, Prater GS, O'Keefe A
J Health Hum Serv Adm · 2009 · PMID 20099583
Government regulations affect corporations and consumers on a daily basis. For example, environmental and safety regulations in the workplace are administrated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)...
Government regulations affect corporations and consumers on a daily basis. For example, environmental and safety regulations in the workplace are administrated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under the Department of Labor. OSHA sets and enforces standards in work environment to ensure the safety and health of workers. Other regulatory agencies, such as the National Highway and Transportation Agency (NHTSA), oversee the transportation and the safety of the automobile and truck industry. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a major role in approving new drugs on the market and in monitoring drug safety, and it has the power to remove drugs from the market if they are proved to be safety and health problems to the public. However, the mere existence of these regulations often causes impediments to businesses, and the extent of their ultimate usefulness is examined and analyzed in this paper
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