Indian Journal Of Clinical Biochemistry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Double Jeopardy!
Mahto M, Sinha RR, Datta D … +4 more , Tripathi P, Kumar R, Kumar A, Kumar A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675114 · Full text
Co-presentation of anti GBM and anti MPO antibodies is considered to be a rare phenomena. When patients present both types of antibodies, the condition is referred to as "double positive" for anti-GBM and ANCA associated...
Co-presentation of anti GBM and anti MPO antibodies is considered to be a rare phenomena. When patients present both types of antibodies, the condition is referred to as "double positive" for anti-GBM and ANCA associated antibodies which can present clinically as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [RPGN], often associated with alveolar bleeding and renal manifestations which constitutes a medical emergency associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In current clinical practice, the diagnosis is obtained through serological tests that detect the presence of antibodies and kidney biopsy to identify their specific histopathological changes. We highlight the role of clinical Biochemistry laboratory and specifically LIA technique in playing a crucial role in identifying the disease thus providing timely intervention to aid better patient outcome.
A Novel Missence Variant (c.939G > T) in Two Related Patients with Anejaculation: Case Report.
Sharifi S, Dursun M, Palanduz S … +2 more , Sahin A, Kadioglu A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675113 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Disorders affecting ejaculation is only one of the many factors which may contribute to the pathogenesis of infertility. The genetic etiopathogenesis underlying anejaculation is not clear. It is important to...
UNLABELLED: Disorders affecting ejaculation is only one of the many factors which may contribute to the pathogenesis of infertility. The genetic etiopathogenesis underlying anejaculation is not clear. It is important to elucidate the genetic etiology of anejaculation with respect to treatment options and genetic counseling. Herein we report two cases presenting anejaculation with familial ADRA1A missense variants. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01210-2.
Exploring a Case of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinaemia Resulting from the Rare Coexistence of Inherited Disorders- A Case Report.
Sharma S, Sharma K, Taywade OK … +2 more , Kumar M, Sankhyan A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675112 · Full text
Haemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders causing abnormalities in the production, structure, or function of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin D-Punjab is a prevalent haemoglobin variant in Punjab and northwest India. Heterozygou...
Haemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders causing abnormalities in the production, structure, or function of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin D-Punjab is a prevalent haemoglobin variant in Punjab and northwest India. Heterozygous individuals typically exhibit no symptoms, while homozygotes may experience mild to moderate haemolytic anaemia. While, beta thalassaemia trait decreases beta-globin synthesis, occasionally causing moderate anaemia. Gilbert's syndrome, a common cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia without haemolytic symptoms occurs due to reduced uridine glucuronyl transferase enzyme activity. Coexistence of Hb D-Punjab/β-thalassaemia and Gilbert's syndrome is rare; we report a unique case of simultaneous presentation in a patient with mild anaemia and jaundice, a rare occurrence documented only once in literature. This rare combination of conditions, characterized by overlapping symptoms and diagnostic complexities, highlights the need for an all-encompassing approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective management. Multidisciplinary collaboration and laboratory investigations including genetic testing for Gilbert's syndrome played a pivotal role in providing appropriate care in our case. Effective communication between laboratory professionals and medical consultants is of paramount importance in achieving precise diagnoses and optimal patient care.
AI, Automation and the Future Role of the Clinical Biochemist: from Analyzer Custodian to Clinical Knowledge Partner.
Mitra P, Gupta S, Sharma P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675111 · Full text
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Triclonal Gammopathy in Multiple Myeloma with Bleeding Diathesis: A Case Report.
Samruddhi HR, Srikantiah RM, Harish S … +2 more , Balanthimogru P, Rai S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675110 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Gammopathies have clinical and diagnostic significance for lymphoproliferative disorders and plasma cell dyscrasias such as multiple myeloma which is distinguished by the malignant growth of a plasma cell c...
INTRODUCTION: Gammopathies have clinical and diagnostic significance for lymphoproliferative disorders and plasma cell dyscrasias such as multiple myeloma which is distinguished by the malignant growth of a plasma cell clone that generates monoclonal immunoglobulin. A 70-year old patient was evaluated for recurrent epistaxis and bleeding per rectum along with severe anemia in the past two months. A general physical examination revealed pallor. Blood tests showed pancytopenia. METHODS: Hemogram, biochemical investigations, SPE, Serum-free light chain assay, Immunofixation electrophoresis, Bone marrow aspiration cytology & Immunophenotyping, and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Immunofixation electrophoresis showed triclonal gammopathy IgM Kappa, IgG Kappa, and IgA Lambda and SPE quantitation of M band-5.6 gm%. Serum kappa and lambda light chains were 204 mg/L and 11.22 mg/L respectively, and the kappa/lambda ratio-18.18. Bone marrow aspiration cytology showed extensive rouleaux formation of RBCs, scattered myeloid and erythroid cells, and a few abnormal plasmacytoid cells accounting for approximately 4% of all nucleated cells. The flow cytometry revealed clotted aspirate and the smear showed occasional scattered plasma cells. The bone marrow- immunophenotyping showed CD38/CD138 bright plasma cells (4.7%). The plasma cells showed co-expression of CD81, and CD27 and were dim for CD45 with variable CD56 expression. A severely altered A/G ratio was observed. CONCLUSION: In plasma cell dyscrasias and lymphoproliferative diseases, monoclonal gammopathies are often observed, while the biclonal variety is less frequent. However, tri clonal gammopathy having a combination of IgM Kappa, IgG Kappa, and IgA Lambda is extremely rare and their clinical significance is unknown.
The Paradigms and Paradoxes of Sigma Metrics in the Analytical Phase of the Medical Diagnostic Laboratory.
Bhargava S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675109 · Full text
William Osler very aptly described healthcare in his statement "Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability". Since 70% of patient related medical decisions are based on reports from the medical diagno...
William Osler very aptly described healthcare in his statement "Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability". Since 70% of patient related medical decisions are based on reports from the medical diagnostic laboratory, the latter must implement good laboratory practices and stringent quality control measures to minimize uncertainty. Towards this, medical diagnostic laboratories use the sigma metric statistical tool to assess and maintain their quality performance. However, it needs to be emphasized that these tools were formulated for the manufacturing industry and hence, should be adapted to the medical laboratory's environment. This review is to familiarize the laboratorians with the basis of these tools and where one may need to deviate from their conventional acceptance and utilization.
Correction: The Combined Impact of Curcumin: Piperine and Sorafenib on microRNAs and Different Pathways in Breast Cancer Cells.
Effat H, Houseini MEE, Abohashem RS
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675108 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12291-024-01212-0.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12291-024-01212-0.].
Whether Dye-Based Methods Are Ready for Microalbuminuria Detection: A Review of Research in the Field.
Kumari M, Kumar D, Bhattacharyya R … +1 more , Banerjee D
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675107 · Full text
Dye-based methods are popular for serum albumin estimation. However, recently dyes have been tried for microalbuminuria detection. The dyes are non-specific for albumin and bind to the other protein fractions in the biol...
Dye-based methods are popular for serum albumin estimation. However, recently dyes have been tried for microalbuminuria detection. The dyes are non-specific for albumin and bind to the other protein fractions in the biological sample. Apart from albumin, other proteins are also excreted in the urine. Thus, dye-based microalbumin detection can produce a false positive result for microalbuminuria detection. In this context, we have observed that the literature is flooded with the discovery of various dyes that bind with albumin. In the present work, we have reviewed the suitability of dye-based albumin detection, considering the recently developed dyes. Our findings highlight a need to study various dyes/new dyes and explore their binding pattern with proteins present in the plasma/urine sample. It is urgently needed to develop an analytical method of a dye-based specific microalbuminuria detection system. Microalbuminuria is the major predictor of diabetic nephropathy. It is associated with other common clinical conditions like hypertension. Therefore, analysis of microalbuminuria is routinely done in clinical chemistry laboratories. There are excellent reviews on albumin detection. However, issues concerning dye-based albumin detection, including microalbuminuria detection, are yet to be reviewed. Immunochemical-based methods are popular for microalbuminuria detection as on date. Nevertheless, it fails to detect the immunounreactive fragments. We believe this aspect can be addressed by developing a dye specific for albumin that can detect its small quantity in human urine.
Programmed Cell Death and its Implications for Skeletal Muscle Wasting.
Dabur R, Yadav A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675106 · Full text
Skeletal muscle atrophy is an inevitable sequel of various factors such as cachexia, aging, fasting, denervation, and microgravity. It is characterized by reduced muscle protein through increased proteolysis and decrease...
Skeletal muscle atrophy is an inevitable sequel of various factors such as cachexia, aging, fasting, denervation, and microgravity. It is characterized by reduced muscle protein through increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis. Recent research suggests that atrophy can significantly contribute to mortality among afflicted persons, and the hindrance of muscular deterioration is expected to extend lifespan. Programmed cell death or apoptosis is imperative for preserving the integrity of proliferative tissues. However, the exact role of apoptosis in post-mitotic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, remains less well-defined. Within the context of muscle atrophy, apoptosis occurs in both myonuclei as well as other types of muscle cells. The loss of muscle mass is likely attributed to the apoptotic demise of myonuclei, yet the mechanisms driving this process remain largely unknown. Both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways have been implicated, with the specific mode of atrophy induction determining the apoptotic mechanisms utilized. Furthermore, it is still undetermined whether a reduction in apoptosis will ameliorate atrophy, necessitating distinct research strategies for various causes of skeletal muscle loss.
Development of a Robust, Rapid and Reliable Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Measurement of Sildenafil, Bosentan and their Major Metabolites.
Bik MA, Onmaz DE, Gharab KMK … +4 more , Karaman F, Abusoglu S, Sivrikaya A, Unlu A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675105 · Full text
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal, progressive disease with a complex pathogenesis. Bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, are used to treat...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal, progressive disease with a complex pathogenesis. Bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, are used to treat PAH. In this study, we aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) to measure the levels of bosentan, sildenafil, and their active metabolites in patients with PAH. We have developed an LC-MS/MS measurement procedure using a liquid-liquid extraction to measure serum drug concentrations and validated the procedure according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols. Finally, the validated method was used to measure the levels of sildenafil, bosentan, and their metabolite in pediatric PAH patients. The method was linear in the range of 0.975-1000 ng/ml and 0.76-3125 ng/ml for sildenafil and bosentan, respectively. LOQ values of sildenafil and bosentan were determined as 1.95 and 1.50 ng/ml, respectively. A method for measuring the levels of sildenafil and bosentan was developed that is rapid, robust, inexpensive, and requires a small serum volume. In addition, the validated method measured these drugs' levels and metabolites in pediatric patients with PAH. The results show that the established method can routinely monitor drug levels.
Hesperidin Supplementation During Alternate Day Fasting Provides Synergistic Effect in Conferring Neuroprotection to Aging Rats.
Bhoumik S, Kesherwani R, Rizvi SI
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41675104 · Full text
Alternate day fasting (ADF) is a beneficial dietary intervention that reduces age- associated complications. Hesperidin is a potential antioxidant especially known for free radical scavenging ability. Oxidative damages a...
Alternate day fasting (ADF) is a beneficial dietary intervention that reduces age- associated complications. Hesperidin is a potential antioxidant especially known for free radical scavenging ability. Oxidative damages are a major cause of neurological changes in brain that accelerate deteriorative effects leading to aging. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the role of hesperidin supplementation on possible neuroprotection conferred in terms of redox balance in rats that were maintained on an ADF regimen. Middle aged male Wistar rats () (12-15 months) were divided into four groups: Group I. Control; Group II. ADF; Group III. Hesperidin; Group IV. ADF + Hes (maintained under ADF regimen and given hesperidin regularly). The number of rats maintained in each group is 6. We measured crucial biomarkers of antioxidant defense like FRAP, GSH, SOD, catalase, and oxidative stress MDA, PCO, AOPP, NO, inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) and autophagy gene expression. The results provide evidence of a synergistic benefit obtained in crucial parameters of antioxidant defense including FRAP, GSH, SOD, catalase and autophagy expression (Beclin gene) alongwith decrease in MDA, PCO, AOPP, NO and inflammation markers. The activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes showed increased efficiency and the histopathological changes show well protected neurons and lesser neurodegeneration. The results support administration of hesperidin during ADF regimen to obtain additional benefits and protection from aging induced oxidative stress. This strategy may also reduce the incidence of common metabolic morbidities like impaired glucose levels and attenuate redox imbalance thus conferring neuroprotective effects.
Ellagic Acid Displays a Protective Effect on Red Blood Cell Membrane During Aging in Humans.
Deepika, Dakal TC, Richa … +1 more , Maurya PK
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937398 · Full text
Ellagic acid (EA) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound primarily found in pomegranates and berries. It is a dimer of gallic acid and has been shown to have health advantages. We assessed the protective effect...
Ellagic acid (EA) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound primarily found in pomegranates and berries. It is a dimer of gallic acid and has been shown to have health advantages. We assessed the protective effect of EA against oxidative stress caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (-BHP) on erythrocyte cell membrane indicators during the aging process in humans. In control and oxidative stress caused by -BHP in human subjects' erythrocytes of both sexes (n = 80), we evaluated the in vitro effect of EA on Na, H exchanger (NHE), Na, K ATPase, Ca ATPase, protein carbonyl group content and osmotic fragility. We note that the NHE activity increases relative to their respective controls in the young, middle, and old subjects. Stress-inducing -BHP significantly increases ( < 0.001) NHE activity in all age groups compared to the respective control. NHE activity is further reduced by EA treatment. In middle-aged and older human participants, erythrocyte membrane Na, K, and Ca ATPase activity was considerably ( < 0.001) lower than in younger subjects in the control group. In all age groups, there was a noteworthy reduction ( < 0.001) in Na, K, and Ca ATPase activity in the membrane of -BHP-induced erythrocytes compared to their corresponding controls. Administration of different concentrations of EA (10-10 M) decreases carbonyl group content significantly compared to their respective control in each age group in a concentration-dependent manner. When the erythrocytes were induced with stress using BHP, the lysis % increased, and after the treatment of EA, the lysis % was found to decrease in all the age groups. The activity of membrane-bound enzymes is markedly increased when EA is applied to these erythrocyte membranes. Through the modulation of membrane transporters, the study sheds light on the beneficial health advantages of EA.
Plasma-Derived Exosomal tRF-Phe-GAA-001 and tRF-Gly-GCC-037 as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer.
Li Z, Wang H, Yang R … +4 more , Jin X, Han Q, She Z, Ge P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937397 · Full text
UNLABELLED: This study delves into the exploration of exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) as potential diagnostic markers for cervical cancer (CC). Employing plasma-derived exosomes isolated through ultracentr...
UNLABELLED: This study delves into the exploration of exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) as potential diagnostic markers for cervical cancer (CC). Employing plasma-derived exosomes isolated through ultracentrifugation and confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qNano, and western blot analysis, we extracted total RNA from CC and adjacent tissues (n = 48), alongside exosomes from cervical cancer patients (n = 140) and healthy donors (n = 140) using Trizol reagents. The expression of exosomal tRFs was assessed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney U or t-tests, along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The findings unveiled a significant downregulation of exosomal tRF-Phe-GAA-001 and tRF-Gly-GCC-037 in both CC tissues and plasma samples from early-stage patients compared to healthy controls. Remarkably, these two exosomal tRFs exhibited promising capabilities as circulating biomarkers for both the diagnosis and early detection of CC, as evidenced by their high area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.9337 and 0.9432, respectively. Consequently, exosomal tRF-Phe-GAA-001 and tRF-Gly-GCC-037 were downregulated in CC and early-stage CC, indicating their potential as innovative non-invasive biomarkers for early CC diagnosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01235-7.
Unveiling Hydrogen Sulfide: A New Frontier in Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation.
Fatima G, Mahdi AA, Alhmadi HB … +1 more , Medvedev O
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937396 · Full text
Hydrogen sulfide (HS), once recognized as a harmful gas, is now emerging as a very significant biological substance with great emphasis on neuroprotection and neuromodulation. It has several functions within the nervous...
Hydrogen sulfide (HS), once recognized as a harmful gas, is now emerging as a very significant biological substance with great emphasis on neuroprotection and neuromodulation. It has several functions within the nervous system, placing its physiological activities, biochemical characteristics as well as therapeutic possibilities to their proper perspective. Endogenously produced by cystathione beta-synthase (CBS), cystathione gamma-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) enzymes, HS is a unique naturally occurring substance that contains multiple biological activities; it is anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic. Such activity allows HS to reduce oxidative stress, which limits mechanisms of cell death and prevents disruption of mitochondria and thus neuronal injury. HS can also be regarded as a neuromodulator because it interacts with and affects the glutamatergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic systems at the synaptic level as well as on neurotransmitter systems and synapse dynamics. It modulates synaptic transmission and its plasticity which is essential for cognitive as well as motor activities and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects which are helpful in the progress of the neurodegenerative condition. Recently gathered some evidence emphasizes as well the possible use of HS in therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. In the models of Alzheimer's disease, HS is able to reduce the toxicity of amyloid-beta peptides and improve cognitive performance. In Parkinson's disease, it protects dopaminergic neurons and reduces the severity of motor deficits. Moreover, HS provides protection in ischemic stroke models through decrease of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Clinical practice with HS-based therapies seems to have certain hurdles even if preclinical results are promising. Aside from stabilizing HS in a biologically active form, developing a delivery system for HS appears a challenge as well. This review will attempt to summarize the existing studies on HS as neuroprotective and neuromodulatory agents, and their avenues of future use and development.
Low Vitamin A Status: A Potential Limiting Factor for Hemoglobin Improvement to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Adolescent Girls with Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Dantham S, Gaddam I, Vadakattu SS … +2 more , Boini N, Chowdavarapu RR
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937395 · Full text
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a persistent public health challenge in India, particularly among adolescent girls. Despite the use of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) intervention, the IDA prevalence remains high due to variabilit...
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a persistent public health challenge in India, particularly among adolescent girls. Despite the use of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) intervention, the IDA prevalence remains high due to variability in the degree of hemoglobin (Hb) response to supplementation. This study aimed to investigate whether the baseline levels of vitamin-A and pro-inflammatory cytokines influence the Hb increase following IFA supplementation in adolescent girls with IDA. Blood samples were collected from girls aged 15-19 y at baseline (day-0) and after 3 months of supplementation (day-90). The Hb was estimated using an analyzer, serum levels of ferritin, TfR, hepcidin, IL-6, TNF-α were measured using ELISA and vitamin A was estimated using HPLC. Based on the change in Hb (day-0-day-90), the response was categorized as good (≥ 1.0 g/dL) and inadequate (< 1.0 g/dL). Nearly 50% IDA subjects exhibited inadequate Hb increment. This group had elevated IL6 levels and decreased vitamin-A levels compared to the good Hb response at baseline ( < 0.05). Logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between lower baseline vitamin A levels and increased odds of inadequate Hb response, particularly in moderate IDA subjects (OR = 1.28, < 0.05). A direct association was observed between baseline retinol and Hb, this relationship likely to be dependent on IL-6 levels. In conclusion, low vitamin A status is a significant limiting factor contributing to the inadequate Hb increment during IFA supplementation, which may be particularly relevant in regions where vitamin-A deficiency is still a public health concern.
A Review of Methionine and Cysteine: Their Roles as Sinks for Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species, Including Bioinformatic Analysis of Their Percent Compositions in Metabolic Proteins.
Laatsch BF, Ali BA, Berthiaume AR … +23 more , Cunningham GC, Duncan SM, Hau N, Ho A, Loomis MA, Lowater HR, McNally BL, Mueller KL, Poppitz M, Prickett SA, Schroeder SE, Shepler ML, Shoberg BH, Shult CG, Smith LS, Snyder KL, Steczynski JE, Torti A, Voon A, Weiss MM, Wilson TB, Bhattacharyya S, Hati S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937394 · Full text
UNLABELLED: This review focuses on the roles of the two primary sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, in regulating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). RONS are highly reactive oxygen/nitrogen-cont...
UNLABELLED: This review focuses on the roles of the two primary sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, in regulating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). RONS are highly reactive oxygen/nitrogen-containing free radicals and compounds. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, including sulfur-containing amino acids, protect cells against the harmful effects of RONS on cellular macromolecules. This study thoroughly reviews the mechanisms by which these two sulfur-containing amino acids neutralize RONS. Additionally, a bioinformatic analysis of the percentage compositions of cysteine and methionine in metabolic proteins of humans and 12 closely related species was conducted using a "Biopython" script to assess their potential role as sinks for RONS, maintaining the structure and function of metabolic proteins. A total of 119 proteins from various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid catabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and ROS scavengers were included in the bioinformatics analysis. This review shows that methionine and cysteine play crucial roles in neutralizing RONS. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that the percentage compositions of methionine and cysteine are higher in key redox enzymes like dehydrogenases, enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, and those participating in the committed steps of metabolic pathways. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01284-y.
Crosstalk Between Long Non-coding RNA MALAT1, miRNA-181a, and IL-17 in Cirrhotic Patients and Their Possible Correlation SIRT1/NF-Ƙβ Axis.
Khalaf SE, Abdelfattah SN, Hasona NA
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937393 · Full text
In liver diseases, the interplay of different noncoding RNA expressions, and inflammatory biomarkers show high context dependencies. Interrelations between these noncoding RNA and inflammatory biomarkers paved the way fo...
In liver diseases, the interplay of different noncoding RNA expressions, and inflammatory biomarkers show high context dependencies. Interrelations between these noncoding RNA and inflammatory biomarkers paved the way for the diagnosis of various diseases. Here, we analyzed the expression of MALAT1, miR-181a in liver cirrhosis and a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, SIRT1 and NF-Ƙβ p65). The association between all measured parameters was monitored. Fifty healthy volunteers with normal liver function, hepatic ultrasonography, and negative results for HCV and HBV participated in our study as a healthy control group. In addition, hundred and fifty patients with liver cirrhosis were included. Compared with healthy controls, miR-181a expression was significantly decreased ( < 0.01), while MALAT1 expression was significantly elevated ( < 0.01) in patients with liver cirrhosis. IL-17 and NF-ƘB p65 were significantly increased ( < 0.001), while SIRT1 was significantly decreased ( < 0.001) in cirrhotic patients compared to controls. Serum expression of SIRT1 significantly positively correlated with miR-181a and negatively associated with MALAT-1, NF-Ƙβ p65, and IL-17expression levels. Our results pointed to alterations in the expression levels of miR-181a, and MALAT1 could serve as biomarkers in cirrhotic patients. Reduction of IL-17 and NF-Ƙβ p65 in combination with an elevation of SIRT-1 might refer to the dual effects of miR-181a and MALAT1 in controlling inflammation in liver cirrhosis.
Role of Fruit-Derived Antioxidants in Fighting Cancer: A Narrative Review.
Mustafa YF
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937392 · Full text
Cancer remains one of the most pressing global health concerns, ranking as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cancer, making antioxidan...
Cancer remains one of the most pressing global health concerns, ranking as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cancer, making antioxidants a critical area of research in cancer prevention and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of fruit-derived antioxidants and their potential therapeutic applications in combating cancer. In particular, it looks at how bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential vitamins found in fruits help to neutralize reactive oxygen species, control gene activity, and stop tumors from spreading and growing. The review brings together new studies from the lab, on animals, and with people that show how fruit-derived antioxidants can help fight cancer, how they change important cellular pathways, and how they might work better when combined with other treatments. Furthermore, it discusses challenges related to bioavailability, standardization, and clinical translation, underscoring the need for more robust clinical trials. This review shows how important it is to include antioxidants from fruits in dietary guidelines and move forward with targeted research into their therapeutic use in cancer management. It does this by looking at the current evidence and pointing out research gaps.
The Effects of Alpha Linolenic Acid (Omega-3 Fatty Acid) on Tobacco Craving Intensity, Withdrawal Symptoms and Biochemical Markers in Tobacco Users.
Singh A, Verma N, Kant S … +3 more , Verma AK, Tripathi A, Bhardwaj K
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937391 · Full text
Tobacco use causes serious public health concerns and causes many health problems like (asthma, COPD, stroke, cancer, etc.). While a number of pharmacological treatments are used to reduce tobacco use, they often have ad...
Tobacco use causes serious public health concerns and causes many health problems like (asthma, COPD, stroke, cancer, etc.). While a number of pharmacological treatments are used to reduce tobacco use, they often have adverse effects. Fewer studies have assessed non-pharmacological treatments {Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or fish oil} to reduce tobacco use. Omega-3 fatty acids, already known for their benefits in reducing bad cholesterol, managing diabetes, and helping with fatty liver, are now being studied for their potential impact on smoking habits. We aimed to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation (flaxseed oil as a vegetarian source of alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) on tobacco craving intensity, withdrawal symptoms, and various biochemical markers in tobacco users. This single-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 104 tobacco users divided into two groups: omega-3 (n = 54) receiving 10 ml flaxseed oil daily for 6 months and placebo (n = 50). We measured tobacco craving intensity {Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)}, withdrawal symptoms {Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS)}, demographic parameters (BMI, WHR, BP, HR), and biochemical parameters (LFT, KFT, Lipid Profile) at baseline and after 6 months. Six-month consumption of edible grade pure flaxseed oil resulted in significant lowering of BMI in omega-3 group when compared to placebo group ( = 0.0002). Also, omega-3 effectively decreased tobacco craving intensity ( < 0.0001) and its withdrawal ( < 0.0001). More intriguingly, LFT panel showed significantly lower levels of bilirubin (D) ( = 0.0216) and SGPT ( = 0.0217). Urea level ( = 0.0489) was significantly decreased while creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were comparatively decreased in omega-3 than placebo group in KFT panel. Eventually in case of lipid profile, triglycerides ( = 0.0031), LDL ( = 0.0291) and VLDL ( = 0.0055) showed significant reduction in omega-3 group. Omega-3 supplementation with flaxseed oil effectively reduces tobacco craving intensity and withdrawal symptoms, suggesting its potential for aiding tobacco cessation. Additionally, it significantly improved liver and kidney functions as well as lipid profile, highlighting its potential for broader health benefits. This study was registered at Clinical Trial Registry-India (http://www.ctri.nic.in) with reference no. CTRI202202040681 and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles.
Exploring the Role of Serum Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) Levels and LOX Gene Polymorphism (G473A) in Diabetic Nephropathy.
Gayathri Devi D, Mangaraj M, Panda SK … +2 more , Kumari S, Saharia GK
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937390 · Full text
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a leading microvascular complication of diabetes with poor prognosis. Extra cellular matrix accumulation (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis is the key manifestation of diabetic kidney. Lysyl oxi...
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a leading microvascular complication of diabetes with poor prognosis. Extra cellular matrix accumulation (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis is the key manifestation of diabetic kidney. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays an important role in cross linking of collagen. Altered LOX expression and LOX depended cross links with Diabetes have been documented both in rat and human model. Evidence of LOX gene polymorphism (G473A) has been shown limited to Diabetic foot ulcer. Studies on association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G473A) of LOX gene with Diabetic nephropathy is scarce. A pilot study was proposed with an objective to find out association of serum LOX and LOX gene polymorphism (G473A) in Diabetic Nephropathy. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dept. of Biochemistry, AIIMS Bhubaneswar. Serum LOX level, LOX gene polymorphism (G473A) by PCR-RFLP and its association with disease process was assessed in Diabetes as well as Diabetes Nephropathy cases. Results were analysed using SPSS-26 version. Serum LOX registered a significant rise having positive association with glycaemic status and inverse relationship with eGFR, whereas LOX gene polymorphism (G473A) did not reveal significant association with serum LOX and the disease process in DN cases. Increased serum LOX level might have contributed to disordered ECM with resultant lowering of kidney function in DN. LOX gene polymorphism (G473A) might not have influenced serum LOX level. A probable regulatory effect of hyperglycaemia through other mediators on LOX expression may exist that needs further exploration.
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