Indian Journal Of Clinical Biochemistry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Advancing NSCLC Diagnosis: The Role of Tumor-Derived Serum Exosomal SNORD60 as a Novel Biomarker.
Li L, Wang K, Yuan N … +3 more , Zhang Q, Liang X, Zhang Z
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937389 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Due to the lack of efficient diagnosis techniques, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be the main contributor to global death from cancer. Consequently, our research aims to identify reliable bio...
UNLABELLED: Due to the lack of efficient diagnosis techniques, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be the main contributor to global death from cancer. Consequently, our research aims to identify reliable biomarkers for diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using serum exosomal short nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Based on the databases, we selected SNORD60 and further verified it in 48 paired FFPE tissues. To define exosomes isolated from the serum, we conducted transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and qNano besides western blots. qRT-PCR helped further verify SNORD60 in exosomal serum from 132 NSCLC patients and 143 participants in good health. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was employed to estimate the diagnostic efficacy of SNORD60, both alone and in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). SNORD60 was significantly overexpressed in tissues and serum exosomes of NSCLC patients compared to those of good-health individuals. To evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC and its early stage, serum exosomal SNORD60 was found to have the ability to be a diagnostic biomarker, as well as CEA or CYFRA21-1 with an exosomal combination of SNORD60. The exosomal level of SNORD60 is significantly overexpressed in patients with NSCLC, which offers a promising diagnostic biomarker of NSCLC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01230-y.
Upregulation of in Tumorous Tissues of Patients with Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study.
Hashemi M, Tahmasebi-Birgani M, Talaiezadeh A … +1 more , Saberi A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937388 · Full text
The gene plays a pivotal regulatory role in one-carbon metabolism and redox balance by functioning as a transporter for tetrahydrofolate and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The probable contribution of toward facili...
The gene plays a pivotal regulatory role in one-carbon metabolism and redox balance by functioning as a transporter for tetrahydrofolate and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The probable contribution of toward facilitating the proliferation of cancerous cells remains inadequately explored. This pilot study aims to survey the expression of in non-metastatic colorectal tissues and its potential association with clinicopathological characteristics. Fresh tissue samples were collected from 30 colorectal cancer patients and their adjacent normal tissues. Total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized for qRT-PCR. In silico analysis was also performed to further investigate the functional significance of SLC25A32 in colorectal cancer by examining its expression in normal tissues, identifying protein interactions, and searching for pathogenic mutations. Our results revealed a significant up-regulation of expression in tumorous tissues compared to non-tumorous tissues. The elevated expression of was associated with tumor anatomic site and size. In silico analysis revealed that higher levels of expression were correlated with reduced overall survival rates. Furthermore, enrichment analysis showed that this gene remarkably enriched in the process of Folate metabolism. The involvement of SLC25A32 in tumorigenesis may be due to its regulation of mitochondrial folate and FAD metabolism, which have been linked to cancer progression. Changes in SLC25A32 expression or function may contribute to cancer development, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Genetic Variants of AGO1*rs595961 and AGO2*rs4961280 with Susceptibility to Bladder Carcinoma.
Elshazli RM, Kassab HM, Salama AF … +1 more , Okasha KM
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937387 · Full text
The microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis mechanism remains elusive, yet various genetic variants may play a role in predicting the biological function of this machinery system and its association with the advancement of specific...
The microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis mechanism remains elusive, yet various genetic variants may play a role in predicting the biological function of this machinery system and its association with the advancement of specific tumors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gene variants with the elevated risk of bladder carcinoma (BLCA) using genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches. This retrospective study comprised of 252 participants [122 BLCA patients and 130 cancer-free controls], matched for age and gender. The genetic variants were characterized using TaqMan genotyping assay. A bioinformatics framework, stratification analysis, and multivariate regression were employed. The genetic distribution of * was associated with an increased risk of bladder carcinoma under allelic (OR = 1.50, = 0.026) and recessive (OR = 2.01, = 0.010) models. In contrast, the variant demonstrated no considerable association with bladder carcinoma progression under various genetic models ( > 0.05). An in-depth examination of AGO1 and AGO2 protein revealed their involvement in gene silencing by miRNA, post-transcriptional gene silencing, regulatory RNA binding, and positive regulation of mRNA catabolic processes. The * genetic variant was correlated with an elevated risk of bladder carcinoma, whereas the variant was not. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
Utility of Urinary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in COVID-19.
Samra T, Kumar V, Ramachandran R … +7 more , Mahajan V, Naik NB, Puri GD, Bhalla A, Pal A, Dixit R, Kaur P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937386 · Full text
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication of COVID-19 and urinary biomarkers of renal "stress" and "injury" can be utilised for an early diagnosis. In this prospective observational study, critically-ill adult patients...
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication of COVID-19 and urinary biomarkers of renal "stress" and "injury" can be utilised for an early diagnosis. In this prospective observational study, critically-ill adult patients with COVID-19 disease from November 2020 to May 2021 were recruited and urine samples collected at the time of admission to ICU, and subsequently at 12, 24 and 48 h and analysed for biomarkers of "renal injury" namely KIM-1, NGAL, IL-18, and cell cycle arrest biomarker IGFBP-7 and TIMP-2 which have been reported to increase following renal stress. Spot urine samples were collected and to adjust for dilution, sample volume and rate of urine production, assays of the biomarkers were normalised by dividing the values with urinary creatinine concentration. The incidence of AKI in our study was 22.64% (24/106). Patients in the AKI group were older with significantly higher requirements for invasive mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, longer hospital stay, and higher mortality. Diagnostic performance of various biomarkers to predict AKI was compared with receiver operator characteristics curve analysis. TIMP-2 × IGFBP7 > 0.301 (ng/ml)/1000 predicted AKI with sensitivity and specificity of 84.1% and 31.6% (AUC = 0.579, and < 0.035), respectively. AUC was 0.663 with a -value < 0.001 when cut-off values after normalisation were > 0.87 (ng/mmol)/1000. IL-18, TIM-1, NGAL predicted AKI at cut-off values of 24.936, 12,372.766, and 8017.74 ng/mmol with AUC of 0.653 ( ≤ 0.001), 0.646 ( ≤ 0.001), and 0.552 ( = 0.035), respectively. Urinary cell cycle arrest biomarkers have a more promising role over biomarkers of renal injury in identification of patients at risk of AKI.
Analysis of Specific Serum Markers for Early Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease in Adolescents with Down Syndrome.
Meguid NA, Hemimi M, Elpatrik G … +3 more , Fouad-Elhady EA, Dardir AA, Ahmed HH
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937385 · Full text
Down syndrome (DS) is accompanied by cognitive manifestations resulting from full or partial extra chromosome 21. Amyloid precursor protein overexpression and the exponential aggregation of amyloid beta in the brain caus...
Down syndrome (DS) is accompanied by cognitive manifestations resulting from full or partial extra chromosome 21. Amyloid precursor protein overexpression and the exponential aggregation of amyloid beta in the brain cause dementia in individuals with DS. This study aimed to uncover early serum marker candidates of amyloid precursor protein-like protein 1 beta species denoted APL1β25, APL1β27 and APL1β28 and the noradrenergic metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) as predictors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adolescents with DS and to elucidate the correlation between these parameters and the cognition of DS patients. This study included 30 DS cases (13-18 years old) with full trisomy 21 in addition to 30 healthy age-matched controls. The cognitive decline in DS subjects was evaluated using the short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (Short IQCODE). Serum levels of APL1b25, ALP1b27, ALP1b28 and MHPG were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated a significant positive correlation ( = 0.045) between IQCODE short score and APL1b25 serum level in DS patients. Also the present data recorded a significant reduction ( < 0.05) in APL1b25, APL1b27, APL1b28 and MHPG serum levels in DS patients contrary to the controls. Our findings confirm the impaired metabolism of APL1 peptides and the degeneration of noradrenergic neurons in DS patients which ultimately leads to early onset of AD. Noteworthy, the serum level of APL1b25 could be a prospective blood-based marker for early detection of cognitive decline and AD in adolescents with DS.
Predictive Value of Lymphocyte Based Indices to Determine Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Mohanty V, Deora S, Kaushik A … +3 more , Choudhary R, Yadav D, Singh K
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937384 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is leading cause of mortality worldwide. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the main stay of treatment in patients presenting with ACS. However, studies have shown that...
UNLABELLED: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is leading cause of mortality worldwide. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the main stay of treatment in patients presenting with ACS. However, studies have shown that PCI itself may induce and promote inflammatory process. Lymphocyte based hematological indices: neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) have been shown as effective indicator of underlying inflammatory process. We conducted a prospective observational follow up study to observe the changes in NLR, PLR, MLR and SII before and after PCI in ACS patients and their predictive value in determining major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and prognosis in these patients. Blood samples were collected from 403 ACS patients at admission and within 48 h of PCI. NLR, PLR, MLR and SII decreased from baseline which was suggestive of resolving inflammation following PCI. ROC curve analysis showed post PCI SII has highest predictive value for incidence of MACE. Cox multivariate analysis showed post-PCI hematological indices were predictors of MACE including all-cause mortality. Patients with elevated inflammatory indices had poor survival outcomes compared to those having low values. Thus, it could be concluded that compared to pre-PCI inflammatory markers, post-PCI inflammatory markers showed stronger correlation in predicting MACE. Among post PCI indices, SII had the strongest correlation with incidence of MACE during the follow up. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01188-x.
Advanced Antioxidant Science is Reshaping the Battle Against Metabolic Syndrome: Next-Generation Approaches to Unlock Oxidative Stress Solutions.
Yadav D, Khokhar M, Sharma P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937383 · Full text
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The IKAROS Transcription Factor Gene IKZF1 as a Critical Regulator in the Pathogenesis of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Insights from a Bangladeshi Population.
Nila NN, Tamanna S, Mahmud Z … +4 more , Washif M, Ahmad T, Rahman ATMA, Howlader MZH
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937382 · Full text
UNLABELLED: The IKZF1 transcription factor gene plays a pivotal role in the commitment of multipotent progenitors to common lymphoid progenitors during lymphopoiesis. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed...
UNLABELLED: The IKZF1 transcription factor gene plays a pivotal role in the commitment of multipotent progenitors to common lymphoid progenitors during lymphopoiesis. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed an intriguing link between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and IKZF1 polymorphisms. This study investigated whether two specific IKZF1 variants, rs10272724 (T > C) and rs4132601 (T > G), are potential risk factors for childhood ALL among Bangladeshi children. In this study, we found that ALL occurs with a significantly greater frequency in male children than in female children, shedding light on potential sex-specific susceptibility patterns. Subsequent association analyses utilizing codominant, dominant, and recessive inheritance models demonstrated that rs10272724 is associated with a 2.36-fold increased risk of ALL development according to the codominant model, a 3.6-fold increased risk according to the dominant model, and a 1.84-fold increased risk according to the recessive model. Similarly, rs4132601 exhibited a substantial risk association, with a 3.58-fold increase in risk in the codominant model, a 3.85-fold increase in risk in the dominant model, and a 1.75-fold increase in risk in the recessive model. Furthermore, the analysis of haplotype frequencies revealed that the predominant haplotype, CG, is associated with a 1.3-fold greater risk for ALL development. Notably, we observed significant linkage disequilibrium patterns and constancy in genotypic frequencies, further strengthening the association of IKZF1 polymorphisms with ALL susceptibility. In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence that two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the 3' UTR of the IKZF1 gene are strongly associated with the development of childhood ALL in the Bangladeshi population. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01218-8.
Global DNA Methylation and Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study from Haryana, North India.
Khate K, Chaudhary V, Bhattacharjee D … +5 more , Kaushik A, Walia GK, Babu N, Saraswathy KN, Devi NK
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Oct · PMID 40937381 · Full text
Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the development of cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between DNA methylation levels and cognitive impairment can be greatly influenced by environmental facto...
Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the development of cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between DNA methylation levels and cognitive impairment can be greatly influenced by environmental factors some blood-based nutrition markers. The present study aims to understand the relationship between global DNA methylation levels and cognitive impairment independently and in light of micronutrient status among North Indian adults. This study was conducted among 614 individuals, aged 30 to 79 years from Palwal, Haryana. Cognitive impairment (CI) was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels were estimated using chemiluminescence technique. Estimation of global DNA methylation (5mC) levels was performed using the ELISA-based colorimetric technique. Appropriate comparison tests (based on normality distribution) were applied to compare the levels of global DNA methylation in different study groups. Logistic regression models were run to examine association between global DNA methylation and CI. Median 5mC levels of both mild and moderate/severe CI groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. Individuals in the 1st quartile of 5mC, with those in the 4th quartile as the reference, were at a significantly increased risk of both mild and moderate/severe CI. Vitamin B12, but not folate, appeared to mediate global DNA hypomethylation among CI cases. Cognitive impairment may be associated with Global DNA hypomethylation in the studied North Indian population. Vitamin B12 sufficiency may help improve the methylation levels among the cases of cognitive impairment. There is a need to develop population and context-specific epigenetic markers for cognitive impairment.
Association Between Methylenetetrahydrofoate Reductase Gene C677T Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Rai V, Kumar P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625613 · Full text
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common form of endocrinopathy of women. Several studies have investigated the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with PCOS risk...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common form of endocrinopathy of women. Several studies have investigated the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with PCOS risk but the results are contradictory. So, the aim of the present study was to carry out a meta-analysis of a published case control studies to find out exact association between MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and PCOS susceptibility. Pubmed, Springer link, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched for case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used as association measure and meta-analysis was performed using MIX and MetaAnalyst programs. Meta-analysis of 24 studies showed strong significant association between C677T polymorphism and PCOS risk (OR: T vs. C = 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38, = 0.03; OR: TT vs. CC = 1.37, 95% CI 1.0-1.89, = 0.04; OR: TT + CT vs. CC = 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.62, = 0.008; OR: CT vs. CC = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.62, = 0.02 and OR: TT vs. CT + CC = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.82-1.47, = 0.04). In subgroup analysis, MTHFR C677T polymorphism is significantly associated with PCOS risk with Asian individuals but in Caucasian population MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not significantly associated with PCOS risk. In conclusion, C677T polymorphism is a risk factor for PCOS.
Alleviates γ- Radiation-Induced Brain Damage by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in Male Albino Rats.
Ebrahim RM, Hammad A, Mohamed HE
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625612 · Full text
Ionizing radiation can irreversibly damage the brain cells' function and structure. (Sp) is widely employed as a dietary supplement because it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulating properties. Therefo...
Ionizing radiation can irreversibly damage the brain cells' function and structure. (Sp) is widely employed as a dietary supplement because it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulating properties. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the protective properties of Sp towards γ-irradiation (IRR)-induced brain damage. The whole-body male albino rats were exposed to IRR with a 7 Gy single dose in the absence or presence of Sp (400 mg/kg body weight). The rats were divided into four groups: Group I (control), Group II (Sp), Group III (IRR), and Group IV (Sp + IRR + Sp). The biochemical and histopathological investigations were evaluated two weeks post-irradiation. The results showed that irradiation increased inflammation by increasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), IL-1B, and IL-6 while decreasing IL-10. Additionally, irradiation evoked nucleic acid damage. Furthermore, IRR provoked oxidative stress. Similarly, the IRR caused neurotransmitter disturbances by increasing S100 calcium-binding protein (S100B) and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels while reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutamate levels in brain tissue. Therefore, Sp alleviated IRR-induced brain damage by attenuating the above-mentioned parameters and ameliorating histopathological changes. Consequently, it could be concluded that Sp might exert a beneficial effect on irradiation-induced brain damage by attenuating oxidative stress, regulating BDNF, and suppressing S100B.
Biochemical Alteration in Serum Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Levels in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Ambade VN, Ambade S, Gundpatil DB … +2 more , Bhatia K, Sanas P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625611 · Full text
COPD has been projected as the fourth leading cause of death globally by 2030. WHO recommends screening of COPD subjects for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency. Serum A1AT below 20% of normal value indicates A1AT defi...
COPD has been projected as the fourth leading cause of death globally by 2030. WHO recommends screening of COPD subjects for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency. Serum A1AT below 20% of normal value indicates A1AT deficiency. However, studies regarding its normal levels are seldom and its actual alteration in COPD is lacking. This study was planned to understand biochemical alteration in A1AT levels in COPD, explore impact of COPD and smoking on A1AT, its diagnostic utility, and determine the reference interval. Study was composed of 96 stable subjects with COPD (Group I) and 96 subjects with normal lung function (Group II). Each group contained an equal number of smokers and nonsmokers. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was generated to determine the cut off value. Mean ± SD of serum A1AT in Group I and II was 193.82 ± 54.11, and 157.07 ± 55.01 mg/dL respectively; in smokers and nonsmokers of Group I was 200.17 ± 56.29 and 187.48 ± 51.65 mg/dL respectively while in Group II, was 166.25 ± 57.79 and 147.88 ± 51.03 mg/dL respectively. Reference interval of serum A1AT in study population was 157 ± 55 mg/dL. In total contradiction to its deficiency in COPD, increased levels were found. ANOVA also suggested significant impact of COPD on A1AT and indicated, COPD itself being responsible for increased A1AT and smoking does not interfering. However, based on sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve, A1AT does not appear to have the desired clinical utility towards diagnosis of COPD.
Exploring the Diagnostic Utility of Serum Cofilin-1 and 2 Levels in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case-Control Pilot Study.
Ganguli AK, Adole PS, Vinod KV
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625610 · Full text
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle after plaque rupture and thrombus formation, leading to ischemia and infarction. Cofilins are the proteins involved in actin dynamics by...
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle after plaque rupture and thrombus formation, leading to ischemia and infarction. Cofilins are the proteins involved in actin dynamics by severing and dissociating actin filaments. Abnormal cofilins are associated with myopathies, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies, etc. As ACS prevalence is increasing and there is a need to find specific biomarkers for ACS diagnosis, the study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of serum cofilin-1 (CFL-1) and 2 (CFL-2) levels in ACS patients. Forty-five ACS patients as cases and 45 healthy participants as controls were recruited in a case-control pilot study. Collected blood was used to measure serum CFL-1, CFL-2 and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP, a marker of myocardial infarction) levels. Serum CFL-2 levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (2.93 [1.95-3.32] vs. 4.35 [3.4-6.61], < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum CFL-1 levels between groups. Serum CFL-2 levels were negatively associated with creatine kinase-total, creatine kinase-MB, creatine kinase-MB relative index, troponin-T, and H-FABP ( < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed lower CFL-2 levels were associated with a 2.45-fold increased ACS risk. ROC analysis showed no advantage of serum CFL-2 levels over serum H-FABP levels for ACS diagnosis (AUC: 0.120 Vs 0.710, > 0.05). In conclusion, serum CFL-1 and 2 levels may not have greater significance in ACS diagnosis than traditional cardiac biomarkers. However, further cohort studies with a larger sample size must confirm the study's findings.
Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of 20 Metals/Metalloid Levels in the Serum of Patients with Prostate Gland Diseases.
Qayyum MA, Mahmood MHR, Farooq T … +3 more , Irfan A, Iqbal S, Hussain N
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625609 · Full text
UNLABELLED: The prostate gland diseases are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) and exposure to toxic trace elements may promote the prostatic disorders in men. The present study i...
UNLABELLED: The prostate gland diseases are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) and exposure to toxic trace elements may promote the prostatic disorders in men. The present study is intended to analyze the concentrations of twenty elements (Al, Sb, Ca, Se, Cd, Fe, Hg, As, Zn, Mn, Na, Li, Cu, Co, Mg, Sr, Ni, K, Cr and Pb) in the serum of BPH ( = 188) and PC ( = 217) patients and in comparison with controls ( = 233). Nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture was used for serum digestion followed by determination of the metals/metalloid by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This study elucidates the imbalances of the elements with BPH/PC patients and healthy subjects. For multiple comparisons, Bonferroni test was applied and principal component analysis was performed for measuring the multiple metals/metalloid exposure. Mean concentrations of Al, Cr, Pb, Cd, Na, Ni and K were found higher significantly ( < 0.05) in the serum of BPH patients compared with healthy controls, while average levels of Sb, Al, Cd, As, Mn, Sr, K and Pb were significantly ( < 0.05) elevated in PC patients than controls. The correlation patterns revealed significantly different mutual associations among the metals/metalloid in patients as compared to controls. Multivariate statistical methods showed substantially divergent grouping of the metals/metalloid for both groups of patients and healthy controls. Significant variations in the elements levels were also detected in various PC types (small cell prostate, transitional cell, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinoma) and PC stages. Significant differences in the metals/metalloid levels were also noted with abode, dietary and smoking habits of donor groups. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01209-9.
Exploring the Associations of Maternal and Neonatal Gene Variant rs2070744 with Nitric Oxide Levels, Oxidative Stress and Adverse Outcomes in Preeclampsia: A Study in the Bangladeshi Population.
Tamanna S, Jannat T, Devi S … +5 more , Mahmud Z, Mahmood MS, Faisal MF, Hasan A, Howlader MZH
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625608 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Research has shown that endothelial dysfunction due to low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is one of the primary causes of preeclampsia (PE). Variations in the gene may be implicated in reducing NO levels....
UNLABELLED: Research has shown that endothelial dysfunction due to low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is one of the primary causes of preeclampsia (PE). Variations in the gene may be implicated in reducing NO levels. This study examined the relationship between gene variations and NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in preeclamptic women and their neonates in Bangladesh. This study compared 100 healthy pregnant women (controls) with 82 preeclampsia-diagnosed women and their newborns. PCR-RFLP was used to detect eNOS gene variants, while spectrophotometric methods were used to measure NO and MDA levels in plasma. The maternal gene variant rs2070744 exhibited a significant relationship with PE risk, particularly under the dominant model and allele frequency scrutiny. Similarly, the neonatal gene variant rs2070744 exhibited a robust association with PE risk across various genetic models. The case‒control comparison of the genotypic distribution of NO and MDA in the studied subjects revealed that although PE mothers with TT genotypes had significantly lower NO levels than did the controls, the neonates of PE mothers with TT and CC genotypes showed a significant decrease in NO levels compared to their control groups. Moreover, the PE group and their neonates with the TT and CT genotypes had significantly greater MDA levels than did the control group. These findings illuminate the profound influence of gene variants on preeclampsia onset, suggesting a potential mechanism involving altered NO production via heightened oxidative stress among affected mothers and neonates. Consequently, screening for eNOS variants and estimating NO levels in pregnant women could offer early identification of those predisposed to PE, thus enabling timely interventions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01264-2.
Evaluation of D-Mannoheptulose and Doxorubicin as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Breast Cancer by Targeting Glycolysis and Inducing Apoptosis.
Al-Ziaydi AG
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625607 · Full text
Cell culture techniques are the vital basis for the majority of experimental cancer research. Targeting cancer cells metabolism is one of the key strategies for controlling the growth of cancer cells. D-Mannoheptulose (M...
Cell culture techniques are the vital basis for the majority of experimental cancer research. Targeting cancer cells metabolism is one of the key strategies for controlling the growth of cancer cells. D-Mannoheptulose (MH) (as Phytotherapy) a specific inhibitor, belonging to hexokinase category, to inhibit glycolysis pathway and Doxorubicin (DXR) (as Chemotherapy) has cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Evaluating the effect of D-Mannoheptulose and Doxorubicin on the normal and breast cancer cell line by determining their anti-tumor activities. Cell culture of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) and MCF-7 cell line were achieved by using Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) and RPMI-1640 Medium. D-Mannoheptulose, and Doxorubicin stock and diluted solutions were prepared by using phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) respectively. HMECs and MCF7 cell line were treated with MH, and DXR, cytotoxicity ratio was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The findings of study indicated a substantial increase in the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of MH and DXR depending on the concentration gradient against breast cancer cell lines and IC50 values, while on the other hand, there was no significant cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Results of the study revealed that MH, DXR, can result in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cell lines. This behaviour was mainly due to the increase in cytotoxicity through inhibiting the glycolysis pathway thereby resulting in apoptosis. This further lead to the decrease in HK activity and hence pyruvate as well as ATP amount. Overall, DXR and MH treatment display effective cytotoxic effects against the studied breast cancer cell lines.
Thymol Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Cytotoxicity by Reducing Migration and Increasing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Esophageal Cancer Cells: An In-vitro Study.
Pouyamanesh G, Ameli N, Metanat Y … +5 more , Khorrami A, Abbasinezhad-Moud F, Qoorchi Moheb Seraj F, Ferns GA, Bahrami A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625606 · Full text
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common cancer globally and has a low survival rate because it is often diagnosed at a late-stage, and is frequently chemotherapy resistant. Thymol is found in the herb thyme and has been repor...
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common cancer globally and has a low survival rate because it is often diagnosed at a late-stage, and is frequently chemotherapy resistant. Thymol is found in the herb thyme and has been reported to have potential anticancer properties. We aimed to explore the effects of thymol on the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in an in vitro model of EC. We evaluated the synergistic effects of thymol with 5-FU using cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, scratch wound healing assay, gelatin zymography, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation aproaches. The results indicated that thymol significantly decreased the viability of KYSE-30 cells in a time and dose-dependently. However, thymol had a minimal cytotoxic effect against normal fibroblasts. In addition, thymol significantly increased the chemosensitivity of EC KYSE-30 cells to 5-FU by promoting early and late apoptosis, inducing Sub-G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest, and increasing ROS generation. Combination therapy of thymol with 5-FU also resulted in an increased expression of p53 and Bax, decreased expression of Bcl2, reduced activity of MMP-2, and reduced cell migration compared to single therapies. These findings suggest that thymol has the potential to promote the anticancer potency of 5-FU chemotherapy and inhibit metastasis. However, further studies using animal models are necessary to validate these results.
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Tin(IV) Complexes Containing a Schiff Base Derived from Cephalexin on a Breast Cancer Cell Line.
Erfan A, Yousif E, Alshanon A … +3 more , Ahmed DS, Kariuki BM, El-Hiti GA
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625605 · Full text
Metal complexes containing heterocycles have wide pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. The biological activities of the complexes are influenced by a range of factors, including the identity of the ligands coordina...
Metal complexes containing heterocycles have wide pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. The biological activities of the complexes are influenced by a range of factors, including the identity of the ligands coordinated to the tin ion and the heteroatoms contained in them. Additionally, stabilizing the bonds between the tin atom and the ligand impacts the effectiveness of organotin complexes as biologically active molecules. This study involves the synthesis of new metal complexes and their evaluation for cytotoxic and apoptotic effects against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The reaction of cephalexin and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in boiling methanol gave the corresponding Schiff base in a good yield. Subsequently, the reactions of disubstituted (methyl, butyl, and phenyl) tin chlorides and the Schiff base in boiling methanol produced the corresponding organotin(IV) complexes in high yields. The effect of the synthesized organotin complexes on MCF-7 was assessed. Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) results, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay proved that all the organotin complexes effectively suppressed cancer growth. The dibutyl derivative of the three complexes tested had higher anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells than the dimethyl and diphenyl compounds. The IC values for the synthesized tin complexes ranged between 95 and 71 μg/mL. Based on the concentration of the complex, a high content screening technique (HCS) assay showed a decrease in MCF-7 cell line cell viability. This decrease was proportional to the viable cell count, membrane permeability, total nuclear intensity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C levels.
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Mitra P, Gupta S, Sharma P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625604 · Full text
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Lack of Glutamate Synthase in makes a Natural Driving Force for Increasing Hyaluronic Acid Production.
Pourzardosht N, Khanaki K, Mirzajani E
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625603 · Full text
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has many applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Streptococcus zooepidemicus is naturally producing HA with high yield. There have been many attempts to produce HA in GRS strains...
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has many applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Streptococcus zooepidemicus is naturally producing HA with high yield. There have been many attempts to produce HA in GRS strains but none have been able to produce HA as much as This study was undertaken to prove the dependence of life on Glutamate produced by Glutamine fructose 6-phosphate transaminase (GFAT) related to the HA pathway. The presence of Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in was investigated by , genome annotation, and enzymatic assay methods, respectively. Recombinant expression of GOGAT was investigated. The deletion of GFAT was done by the homologous recombination method. Recombinant expression of GOGAT and deletion of GFAT were performed simultaneously. In these last three steps, growth rate and HA production were determined. Not only the absence of GOGAT but also the presence of GFAT as the only enzyme-producing glutamate was observed. Recombinant expression of GOGAT led to alack of HA production along with any change in the bacterial growth rate. A lack of bacterial growth in the glutamate-free medium was observed. Also, no HA production was seen in the glutamate-supplemented medium. The almost natural growth rate of bacteria, as well as no HA production, was shown. Overall, the genome lacks GOGAT leading to a natural driving force to increase HA production. Knocking out of GOGAT in recombinant HA-producing strains like those and aimed to increase HA production would be welcomed.
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