Indian Journal Of Clinical Biochemistry[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Evaluation of Proflo-U® Platform: A Novel Fluorescence-Based Point of Care Device for Quantitative Estimation of Urine Albumin.
Satyanarayana MH, Mishra S, Bandyopadhyay D
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625602 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Urine albumin estimation has a very high diagnostic significance. The scope of this assay widens if the method has potential for point of care deployment, while remaining truly quantitative. This study compar...
UNLABELLED: Urine albumin estimation has a very high diagnostic significance. The scope of this assay widens if the method has potential for point of care deployment, while remaining truly quantitative. This study compares Proflo-U® a novel PoC device that estimates urine albumin, with standard immunoturbidity based assays. Proflo-U® is a novel PoC device which works with an android based mobile application by Bluetooth connectivity. This unique fluorescence-based urine albumin assay has been compared with the well-established gold standard Immunoturbidity based method on Beckman Coulter AU platform and also using Biosystem kit. The Proflo-U® generated data from standard recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) and human urine spiked with rHSA has shown high correlation ~ 0.99 and > 0.05. This novel platform has scored 115 out of 150 among 30 parameters to determine its suitability for point of care deployment. The fluorescence-based urine albumin assay of the novel Proflo-U® platform comparable with the gold standards in the field, is easy to use, and found to be deployable as a point of care device. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01185-0.
Assessing Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility in Kashmir, India: Insights from Xenobiotic Metabolism Gene Variants and Family Cancer History-A Comprehensive Case-Control Study.
Rashid G, Bhat GA, Rather TB … +7 more , Akhtar K, Parveiz I, Ahmad SN, Rasool MT, Jan FA, Hafez W, Mudassar S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625601 · Full text
A family history of cancer(FHC) is a known risk factor for CRC with both genetic and other factors. A case-control study was conducted to assess the association between FHC and CRC risk in Kashmir, India, with a detailed...
A family history of cancer(FHC) is a known risk factor for CRC with both genetic and other factors. A case-control study was conducted to assess the association between FHC and CRC risk in Kashmir, India, with a detailed analysis of epidemiological data and information on multiple gene polymorphisms. We collected detailed information on FHC and a number of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, and also obtained blood samples for genetic analysis from 246 histopathologically confirmed CRC cases and 246 individually matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The study participants diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibited a robust correlation with a positive family history of CRC. In terms of gender-based analysis, it was observed that males with CRC and a family history of CRC had an odds ratio of 16.45 (95% CI; 2.14-126.26), whereas females exhibited an odds ratio of 4.11 (95% CI; 0.84-20.03). Furthermore, individuals with affected parents showed an almost fivefold increase (OR = 4.70, 95% CI: 0.98-1.06), underscoring the substantial association. Our study unveiled significant correlations between Xenobiotic gene variants and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among individuals without a family history (FH-), those with the CYP2A6a gene variant (*1A/*6 and *6/*6 genotypes) exhibited a substantial 2.03-fold increase in CRC risk (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.17-3.51, -value = 0.011). Turning to the CYP2A6b gene variant, FH- individuals carrying *1/*4 and *4/*4 genotypes demonstrated a modestly increased CRC risk (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.98-2.39, -value = 0.069), suggesting a potential association. On the similar pattern, among FH + individuals, the GSTT1 genotype displayed a notably increased CRC risk (OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 0.61-42.38, p-value = 0.014). FH- individuals with the GSTM1 genotype showcased a substantially increased CRC risk (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 2.52-6.23, -value = 0.001), whereas the association lacked statistical significance in FH + individuals (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 0.56-8.76, -value = 0.258). Our study revealed that FHC was strongly associated with the elevated risk of having CRC in Kashmir. The prevalence of genetic factors were also found in this association.
Vitamin D in Disease Prevention and Cure-Part I: An Update on Molecular Mechanism and Significance on Human Health.
Dwivedi S, Singh V, Sen A … +5 more , Yadav D, Agrawal R, Kishore S, Misra S, Sharma P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40625600 · Full text
Vitamin D, a versatile secosteroid hormone, continues to captivate scientific interest due to its multifaceted influence on human health. This comprehensive review, part 1 of a series, provides an up-to-date exploration...
Vitamin D, a versatile secosteroid hormone, continues to captivate scientific interest due to its multifaceted influence on human health. This comprehensive review, part 1 of a series, provides an up-to-date exploration of the molecular mechanisms governing Vitamin D's impact on various aspects of health. Focusing on its pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS), neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, the review also delves into its intriguing correslations with oral, prostate, breast, and colon cancers. Beyond these domains, Vitamin D's reach extends to viral infections and reproductive health, affecting fertility in both males and females and playing a crucial role throughout pregnancy. The article offers an in-depth examination of the complex molecular pathways and signaling cascades through which Vitamin D exerts its physiological effects. Importantly, it provides a detailed overview of Vitamin D's involvement in a spectrum of diseases, laying the foundation for the upcoming second part of the article. This forthcoming article (part II) will expand on the role of Vitamin D in additional diseases, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic potential. In summary, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and healthcare professionals, offering insights into the diverse roles of Vitamin D and setting the stage for further exploration in part II.
Food-Derived Micronutrients as Alleviators of Age-Related Dysfunction: A Dive into Their Effects and Cellular Mechanisms.
Mustafa YF, Faisal AF, Alshaher MM … +1 more , Hassan DA
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40620823 · Full text
Aging is an inevitable, multifaceted biological process characterized by the progressive decline of physiological functions, ultimately leading to increased susceptibility to chronic diseases and mortality. A combination...
Aging is an inevitable, multifaceted biological process characterized by the progressive decline of physiological functions, ultimately leading to increased susceptibility to chronic diseases and mortality. A combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors, including dietary habits, exposure to pollutants, and ultraviolet radiation, influence this natural phenomenon. The consequences of aging manifest as various health complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, malignancies, and visible signs like dermal dryness and wrinkles. An imbalance between the body's antioxidant defenses and the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leads to oxidative stress, which is a key part of the aging process. This imbalance induces cellular damage, apoptosis, and tissue dysfunction, accelerating age-related decline. Antioxidants, both endogenous and exogenous, play a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative stress by scavenging harmful free radicals. Micronutrients from food, such as certain vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, have gotten a lot of attention as exogenous antioxidants that may slow down or fix age-related problems. This review synthesizes findings from comprehensive literature searches on platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, encompassing studies published between 2018 and mid-2024. It looks into the biochemical roles and cell mechanisms that these micronutrients use to fight oxidative stress and support healthy aging. Micronutrients that are high in antioxidants, like vitamins A, C, and E; essential trace minerals, like zinc, copper, and selenium; and phytochemicals, like flavonoids, curcumin, and resveratrol, can help restore the body's oxidative balance. But, even though they seem to have good effects, there isn't enough solid scientific evidence to support the use of these micronutrients as anti-aging agents on their own. This review talks about how eating antioxidant-rich foods every day might be a safer and more long-lasting way to help people live longer and lessen the effects of age-related problems.
Point-of-Care Capillary Compared to Venous Bilirubin Measurement in Neonates.
Rallis D, Baltogianni M, Maragoudaki E … +3 more , Tseklazi P, Kapetaniou K, Giapros V
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Jul · PMID 40620822 · Full text
We aimed to evaluate the agreement between the point-of-care (POC) capillary bilirubin measurement with POC venous samples and the reference laboratory measurement. We conducted a prospective comparative study, including...
We aimed to evaluate the agreement between the point-of-care (POC) capillary bilirubin measurement with POC venous samples and the reference laboratory measurement. We conducted a prospective comparative study, including neonates ≥ 34 weeks of gestational age, and ≥ 72 h of age. The agreement between POC (Calmark Neo-Bilirubin, Sommargatan, Karlstad, Sweden) capillary, POC venous, and laboratory venous bilirubin was examined with the Bland-Altman plot and the Passing-Bablok regression analyses. The mean bilirubin was 13.54 (2.79) mg/dL in the POC capillary samples, 13.45 (2.69) mg/dL in the POC venous samples, and 12.68 (2.33) mg/dL in reference samples. Bland-Altman plots showed optimal agreement between the POC capillary and venous methods, and with the reference venous method. The bias between the POC capillary and venous methods was 0.094 [levels of agreement (- 3.118)- 3.306], between the POC capillary and the reference venous methods 0.865 [levels of agreement (- 2.283)- 4.014], and between the POC venous and the reference venous methods 0.771 [levels of agreement (- 1.814)- 3.357]. The POC capillary and venous bilirubin levels were in optimal agreement with each other, and with the reference venous measurements, supporting the POC Calmark Neo-Bilirubin capillary measurement as an alternative for a less-invasive, more rapid evaluation of bilirubin.
Cancer Vaccines: A Novel Revolutionized Approach to Cancer Therapy.
Sarangi R, Mishra S, Mahapatra S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123637 · Full text
Over the past few decades, there has been significant advancement in the field of tumor immunotherapy. For many years vaccination against infectious diseases have been available. On the other hand very few cancer vaccine...
Over the past few decades, there has been significant advancement in the field of tumor immunotherapy. For many years vaccination against infectious diseases have been available. On the other hand very few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. Ideal Cancer vaccines are biological response modifier work by stimulating both humoral and cellular immunity while overcoming the immunological suppression found in tumor. Two types of cancer vaccine: Prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines are recommended for clinical use of individuals. HPV and HBV vaccines are the two widely used preventive vaccine used for treatment of cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively and are approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In therapeutic vaccine only three are approved: Sipuleucel T-cell vaccine for treatment refractory prostatic cancer, BCG vaccine for early bladder cancer and T-VEC for inoperable melanoma. Active ingredient in all cancer vaccines is an antigen. Antigens used for formulating cancer vaccines along with adjuvants optimizes immunogenicity in it. Heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identifying suitable antigen specific to tumors and selection of vaccine delivery platforms are challenges in the development of vaccines. Adoptive cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy are recent breakthrough for cancer treatment.
Effect of Junk Food on Hormonal and Metabolic Manifestations in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Phenotypes: A Case-Control Study of Kashmiri Population.
Nisa KU, Tarfeen N, Mir SA … +5 more , Khurshid Z, Ahmad MB, Wani S, Bhat H, Ganai BA
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123636 · Full text
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy with heterogeneous symptomatology and diverse etiological links. Apart from genetic predisposition, environmental toxins, lifestyle, diet have been seen as co...
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy with heterogeneous symptomatology and diverse etiological links. Apart from genetic predisposition, environmental toxins, lifestyle, diet have been seen as contributing factors in shaping the disease. This study was taken to underpin the phenotypic status of PCOS in Kashmiri population and to compare their metabolic and endocrinological features. We explored the relationship between the junk food consumption patterns with the clinical features of PCOS phenotypes and controls. A total of 404 PCOS patients and 126 controls were recruited and cases were classified as per Rotterdam criteria. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters of both cases and controls were taken. A detailed account on the type and frequency of outdoor foods eaten was focused and accordingly the study population was classified into voracious eaters, moderately eaters and rarely eaters of junk food. We found highest prevalence of phenotype A, n = 131 (32.8%) with full-blown symptoms in terms of obesity, IR, hirsutism, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in our population. Phenotype D was found to be least prevalent n = 72 (17.7%) with milder form of symptoms. Our study is the first to unravel the phenotypic status of PCOS in Kashmiri population employing Rotterdam criteria and undertake dietary factor to relate with the pathogenesis of this disease. There was a notable association between an increasingly affluent diet, the presence of hirsutism, raised body mass index, obesity and metabolic syndrome in our population, making diet as an imperative factor to govern PCOS presentation. This study clearly implies the effect of unhealthy dietary habits to be associated with increasingly severe phenotype of PCOS, which can likely have implications on metabolic and fertility outcomes.
Exon Sequence Analysis of the Genes in Colorectal Cancer Patients During Radiotherapy.
Mehmetoğlu Gürbüz T, Oral EN, Dağoğlu Sakin RN … +6 more , Karaman Ş, Durak Ş, Aksoyer Sezgin SB, Keskin M, Çelik F, Zeybek ŞÜ
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123635 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Radiotherapy (RT) which is a treatment regime for cancer patients may cause genetic instability and side effects. Etiological associations exist amongst autophagy-related gene (ATG) mutation and cancer. RT in...
UNLABELLED: Radiotherapy (RT) which is a treatment regime for cancer patients may cause genetic instability and side effects. Etiological associations exist amongst autophagy-related gene (ATG) mutation and cancer. RT increases the rate of autophagy previously proven in vitro. The aforementioned background diverted us to conduct exon mutation analysis for ATG5, ATG12, and ATG9B genes of colorectal cancer patients who were receiving neoadjuvant RT. Peripheral blood DNA from different time points (before/middle/after RT) of the same patients was isolated and most tandem repeat-containing exons of ATG5, ATG12, and ATG9B were polymerase chain reaction-amplified and examined for mutations by Sanger sequencing. CA19-9/CEA (Tumor marker of colorectal cancer/Carcinoembryonic Antigen) serum levels were retrieved from the clinic. No exon variations detected for ATG5 and ATG12 genes. However, 4 patients (17.4%) showed frameshift mutation for ATG9B gene. Exon variation analysis of 2 (8.7%) patients resulted in GGG deletion at 8G mononucleotide tandem repeat region of ATG9B. Assigning patients as before RT and after RT, CA19-9 levels in ATG9B (Mutation) patients were higher compared to ATG9B (Wild Type) patients. ATG9B is highly likely to mutate during RT and ATG9B mutation correlates to higher CEA and CA19-9 levels and patients show poor prognosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-023-01177-6.
Genomic DNA Extraction from Different Human Tissue Sample: Urine, Oral Gargle, Blood, and Cervical for Real Time Amplification by qPCR.
Sherpa ML, Gupta C, Bhutia Y … +5 more , Lucksom PG, Lal S, Dutta S, Pradhan A, Chettri MN
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123634 · Full text
Molecular technologies have been a driver of rapid paradigm shift in the field of scientific research and clinical applications. Adequate and pure form of nucleic acid extracted from efficient biological sources together...
Molecular technologies have been a driver of rapid paradigm shift in the field of scientific research and clinical applications. Adequate and pure form of nucleic acid extracted from efficient biological sources together with an easy, simple, standardized protocol, ease of access and acceptability is also a prerequisite for genotyping analysis for different disorders. Urine and oral gargle samples are emerging as a potential source of genomic DNA (gDNA) and may offer a better alternative to existing sources such as blood. This manuscript compares for the first time, the quality and quantity of gDNA extracted manually by standard methods from different biological samples like urine, oral gargle, blood and cervical samples, together. It aimed to assess the feasibility of extracting sufficient gDNA from easily accessible and acceptable samples for amplification. 646 urine, oral, blood and cervical samples were collected from different studies in the department and analyzed. gDNA from blood was extracted by Proteinase K digestion followed by ethanol precipitation, and phenol-chloroform extraction method for urine, oral gargle and cervical specimen. The quantification of isolated gDNA were analyzed in Nano-drop spectrophotometer and 1% Agarose gel electrophoresis for different sample types. Human -globin gene were used for internal quality control for the real time amplification. DNA quantity and purity were adequate and comparable for amplification in all the three biological samples with an average A 260/280 ratio of 1.8, 1.7 and 1.7 for gDNA isolated from urine, oral gargle and blood samples, respectively (n = 200 each). The mean DNA yield from urine, oral and blood samples were 474.9, 899.2 and 489.0 (ng/μl) respectively. The mean concentration of the DNA extracted from cervical smear samples (n = 46) was found to be 318.6 ng/µl with an average A 260/280 of 1.6. The average Cq values obtained were 12.8, 18.5 and 17.9 for in gDNA isolated from urine, oral and blood samples respectively (n = 50 each). The present study concluded that adequate and pure form of gDNA can be extracted from different biological samples of blood, urine and oral samples using standardized manual DNA extraction protocol. The extracted gDNA was amplified for gene targets as per respective study objectives. Detection of , IC with Cq cut off value below 30 for adequate internal quality. Genomic DNA extraction was successful from cervical tissue, however, could not be used for like-to-like comparison as it requires further work to elicit successful amplification.
Phenotypic Evolution in Fabry Disease: Our Experience in Indian Cohort.
Dave U, Kadali S, Hussain T … +4 more , Radhika A, Patel S, Patel N, Naushad SM
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123633 · Full text
The current study aimed to explore phenotypic evolution in Fabry disease according to demographics, genotype, specific enzyme activity and pathogenicity scores. We integrated clinical, biochemical, and genomic data of 88...
The current study aimed to explore phenotypic evolution in Fabry disease according to demographics, genotype, specific enzyme activity and pathogenicity scores. We integrated clinical, biochemical, and genomic data of 88 Fabry cases (23 from our cohort, 65 from other published data on Indians) to achieve this objective. The affected cases showed profound impairment in the alpha galactosidase enzyme activity (0.73 ± 1.38% mean normal) while carriers showed 15.64 ± 3.68% mean normal activity. The mutation spectrum is highly heterogeneous with eight different mutations identified in eight different patients in our cohort, while the total data is representative of 68 mutations in Indians. The mean CADD score for these mutations was 20.63 ± 10.38. Highly conserved mutations are associated with renal involvement ( = 0.005), while neuropathic pain is observed even in mutations in less conserved regions ( = 0.02). The age of onset showed a positive association with the percentage of specific enzyme activity ( = 0.375, < 0.001), renal disease ( = 0.328, = 0.005), and cardiac problems ( = 0.278, = 0.026). Consistent with this, we had a very early onset neonatal Fabry with 0% specific enzyme activity harbouring c.613C > G (p.Pro205Ala) mutation in the gene. This emphasizes that many patients with rare genetic diseases can experience delays in diagnosis due to their infrequent occurrence and nonspecific symptoms, which are not easily recognizable. A holistic approach with a combination of WES and biochemical assays will be helpful in arriving at the early and accurate diagnosis through rigorous phenotypic evaluation.
Enhancing Cisplatin Delivery via Liposomal Nanoparticles for Oral Cancer Treatment.
Ghanbarikondori P, Aliakbari RBS, Saberian E … +4 more , Jenča A, Petrášová A, Jenčová J, Khayavi AA
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123632 · Full text
Investigating the impact of liposomal Cisplatin on oral cancer cell line seeks to optimize drug delivery efficiency, decrease systemic toxicity, and amplify cytotoxicity specifically against malignant cells. Cisplatin wa...
Investigating the impact of liposomal Cisplatin on oral cancer cell line seeks to optimize drug delivery efficiency, decrease systemic toxicity, and amplify cytotoxicity specifically against malignant cells. Cisplatin was encapsulated within liposomal nanoparticles through thin-film hydration and extrusion methodologies. The physical and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, including zeta potential, size, drug load, and polydispersity index (PDI), were examined to evaluate their properties. The release of the drug was studied in a simulated body fluid environment in vitro. The stability of the nanoparticles was evaluated over a period of 45 days under normal bodily conditions. Ultimately, the liposomal formulations' efficacy was assessed in comparison to free drugs through cell viability assays conducted on the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL 27. The liposomal nanoparticles developed exhibited a favorable size range of 170 nm, a zeta potential of - 30 mV, and a low PDI of under 0.19, demonstrating uniform particle sizes. The encapsulation efficiencies were about % 90, and the drug loading capacities were sufficient. The in vitro release profiles displayed a sustained release pattern over 72 h. The liposomal formulations showed improved stability, with no notable changes in physicochemical properties throughout the study period. Cytotoxicity evaluations revealed that the liposomal Cisplatin formulation exhibited a remarkably higher cytotoxic effect on an oral cancer cell line relative to the unencapsulated drug. This research showcases the promise of liposomal formulations in optimizing the clinical efficacy of oral cancer treatments under superior drug delivery, diminished toxicity, and augmented cytotoxicity.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Anti-cancer T Cells: Targeting AMPK and PPAR to Optimize Cancer Immunotherapy.
Jalil AT, Al-Kazzaz HH, Hassan FA … +6 more , Mohammed SH, Merza MS, Aslandook T, Elewadi A, Fadhil A, Alsalamy A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123631 · Full text
Cancer treatment era has been revolutionized by the novel therapeutic methods such as immunotherapy in recent years. Immunotherapy-based approaches are considered effective and reliable methods that has brought hope to e...
Cancer treatment era has been revolutionized by the novel therapeutic methods such as immunotherapy in recent years. Immunotherapy-based approaches are considered effective and reliable methods that has brought hope to eradicate certain cancers. Nonetheless, there are some issues, considered as critical obstacles in successful cancer immunotherapy. Such issues are attributed to the ability of the tumor cells in providing a tolerant microenvironment that impairs the immune responses, and help the cancer cells evade the immunogenic cell death. It has been suggested that the re-activation and maintenance of effector immune cells may become possible by metabolic reprogramming. Several signaling pathways have been noticed with the possibility of metabolic reprogramming of tumor-specific T cells, to overcome the metabolic restrictions in the tumor microenvironment; and among them, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) have been investigated the most as the main energy sensors and regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. The synergic effects of AMPK activators and/or PPAR agonists in cancer immunotherapy have been reported. In this review, we compare the roles of AMPK activators and PPAR agonists, and the efficacy of their combination in metabolic reprogramming of cytotoxic T cells in favoring cancer immunotherapy.
Metabolomic Biomarkers for Prognosis in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Singh V, Singh MK, Kumar A … +6 more , Sahu DK, Jain M, Pandey AK, Mantasha, Singh S, Verma AK
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123630 · Full text
The prognostic biomarkers, or metabolites, have gained relevance due to their significance in predicting clinical and therapeutic outcomes and guiding informed therapy options. This systematic review and meta-analysis ai...
The prognostic biomarkers, or metabolites, have gained relevance due to their significance in predicting clinical and therapeutic outcomes and guiding informed therapy options. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of metabolites in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) through an array of literature. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched for eligible studies published between January 2010 and August 2022, using related keywords and MeSH terms. Two reviewers performed the extraction process, and a third reviewer settled possible controversies. The New Castle Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to determine the quality of selected studies. Pooled hazard ratios (H.R.s) with 95% confidence intervals (C.I.s) were calculated to establish the relationship of metabolites with NMIBC outcomes (recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (O.S.) to establish their prognostic roles. A total of 15 studies, with a sample size of 5491, were included and analyzed in this study. Various metabolites were found to be correlated with the outcomes of the study: PFS (pooled HR, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.70-11.80, p = 0.002), RFS (pooled HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.91-4.26; p = 0.00001), and OS (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.07-2.98; p = 0.03). Pretreatment metabolites or markers in NMIBC patients had a relationship with recurrence prediction and disease outcomes in bladder cancer. Therefore, metabolites may equally serve as a critical, independent prognostic predictor for NMIBC patients. This could be considered in most related clinical decisions in bladder cancer.
Role of Blood Cell Indexes in Progresses to ESRD.
Lan DTN, Coradduzza D, Van An L … +5 more , Paliogiannis P, Chessa C, Zinellu A, Mangoni AA, Carru C
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123629 · Full text
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex health condition characterized by the gradual loss of renal function, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It results from a combination of medical, environmental, an...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex health condition characterized by the gradual loss of renal function, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It results from a combination of medical, environmental, and genetic factors. Predicting the rate of renal function decline and effectively managing the progression to ESRD is challenging in clinical practice. CKD assessment involves various indicators, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria levels, serum creatinine, and others. This study aimed to explore the predictive potential of specific blood cell indexes in forecasting further renal function decline and the transition from CKD stage 3-4 to ESRD. We assessed the following blood cell indexes in 377 CKD stage 3-4 patients: absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived NLR (dNLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), and systemic inflammation index (SII). ANC, MPV, NLR, PLR, dNLR, and SII were found to independently predict a rapid decline in eGFR. Notably, NLR and dNLR demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity with cut-off values of 3.36 and 2.45, respectively (NLR: 88.6 and 81.7%; dNLR: 85.2 and 75.8%). The corresponding area under the ROC curve values were 0.877 (95% CI 0.837-0.918, < 0.001) for NLR and 0.849 (95% CI 0.805-0.892, < 0.001) for dNLR. However, none of the blood cell indexes independently predicted the transition to ESRD. The NLR and the dNLR exhibited the highest predictive capacity towards a rapid decline in renal function in CKD. No blood cell index, however, independently predicted the transition into ERSD.
SHR0302 Improves Treg/Th17 Imbalance in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Mohammad TAM, Jaafar HM, Maroof AMA
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123628 · Full text
IL-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the development of Th17 cells, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To eval...
IL-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the development of Th17 cells, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To evaluation of the regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the JAK1/STAT3 inhibition in SLE, we evaluated the effects of SHR0302 on regulatory T cell (Treg)/Th17 balance. Thirty-two patients with SLE and twenty-nine healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The mRNA expression levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as FOXP3, ROR-γt, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, and IRF-4, were determined using real-time PCR, and the cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were analyzed by ELISA. The frequency and in vitro development of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. SHR0302 could increase the mRNA expression and cytokine level of Treg-related molecules. Furthermore, numbers of Treg cells were increased, after treatment with SHR0302. In contrast, the mRNA expression level of Th17-related molecules, ROR-γt, IL-17A, and IL-21, were decreased. Reduction of inflammatory cytokine levels was a confirmation of the modulating effect of the SHR0302, including IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. In addition, frequency of Th17 cells were reduced by SHR0302. Our study shows that SHR0302 regulating the JAK1/STAT3 pathway can be a new treatment option for SLE.
A New Machine Learning Approach for Actual Calcium Measurement.
Kumari S, Nayak S, Mangaraj M
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123627 · Full text
Ionized calcium is a better measure but still many healthcare setups use total calcium to determine the calcium status due to wider availability on major clinical chemistry automated platforms. The performance of calcium...
Ionized calcium is a better measure but still many healthcare setups use total calcium to determine the calcium status due to wider availability on major clinical chemistry automated platforms. The performance of calcium correction formulas varies in different populations, limiting their wider use. Machine learning models can study multiple variables with their complex interactions, hence predict actual calcium more accurately. The present study evaluated the performance of Random forest and XGBoost machine learning models and compared it with the conventional corrected calcium calculation formulas, in eastern Indian population. The total calcium, ionized calcium, total protein and albumin were performed in the clinical biochemistry laboratory of AIIMS Bhubaneswar 2022, a total of 894 samples were included. Results of such parameters were collected from the laboratory database. A 65-15-20 partitioning was done for training, validation and testing of the machine learning models respectively. Performance of models was evaluated in comparison to best six corrected calcium calculating formulas. Calcium predicted by XGBoost model showed least deviation and strong correlation with actual calcium value (r = 0.707). XGBoost model performed superior to the existing and clinically used corrected calcium calculating formulas in our study population. When compared in hypoalbuminemia population also, XG Boost model outperformed other formulas. Machine learning model XGBoost can be used to predict actual total calcium with more accuracy comparing to conventional corrected calcium calculation formulas in case of non-availability of ionized calcium.
Role of Cell-free DNA as a Non-Invasive Biomarker in the Detection of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Singh S, Goyal R, Gupta A … +6 more , Singh R, Singh M, Mehra P, Pramanik R, Suri V, Ali S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123626 · Full text
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide. Small fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are present in the circulation with elevated levels in cancer patients. Their c...
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide. Small fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are present in the circulation with elevated levels in cancer patients. Their concentration correlates with tumor size, disease stage, and metastatic burden. Our present study aims to determine the utility of cfDNA as an early screening and diagnostic tool in patients with HNSCC. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cohort included 35 biopsy-confirmed cases of HNSCC and 35 age and sex-matched healthy controls. cfDNA was extracted using 3 ml plasma with QIAamp Circulating Nucleic acid kit and quantified using UV Spectrophotometry. Mean levels of plasma cfDNA were elevated in patients with HNSCC compared to controls (Mean of 17.10 ng/μl and 15.26 ng/μl, respectively), although the difference was not significant ( value = 0.244). On comparison of the mean of cfDNA levels between different tumor stages, cfDNA levels in stage IV (26.65 ng/μl) were highest followed by stage III (21.93 ng/μl), stage II (17.43 ng/μl) and stage I (12.12 ng/μl). ROC curve analysis showed that at a cut-off of > 16.8 ng/μl, cfDNA provided 42.8% sensitivity for detecting cancer. cfDNA may have the potential for monitoring disease progression in HNSCC patients in advanced stages. However, non-significant elevation in cfDNA during early stages (Stages I and II) limits its utility as a reliable biomarker for diagnosing the disease at initial stages in HNSCC.
Unveiling the Zinc Paradox: Balancing Act in Reproductive Health and Prostate Pathology.
Singh V, Dwivedi S, Singh BP … +1 more , Goel A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123625 · Full text
Minerals play a crucial role in the biochemical and physiological processes of all living organisms, including humans. Metals like Zinc, Copper, Calcium, and Selenium are essential for optimal functioning of these proces...
Minerals play a crucial role in the biochemical and physiological processes of all living organisms, including humans. Metals like Zinc, Copper, Calcium, and Selenium are essential for optimal functioning of these processes. Zinc is crucial for maintaining the endocrine system, particularly prostate tissue, and has been linked to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Zinc levels and ratios have been found to be decreased in prostate carcinoma cases compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia cases. This letter to the editor supports a recent finding in the Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, which confirms the importance of zinc in maintaining the endocrine system and the healthy functioning of the male reproductive system.
The First-Ever Investigation of SNP rs119461977 in SECISBP2/SBP2 Gene and its Implications for Hypothyroidism: A Novel Case-Control Research.
Kaur M, Tyagi S, Yadav A … +1 more , Gupta R
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123624 · Full text
Hypothyroidism is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Various genes are involved in thyroid hormone production, regulation, and metabolism. SBP2 is required for the adequate assembly of selenoprotein...
Hypothyroidism is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Various genes are involved in thyroid hormone production, regulation, and metabolism. SBP2 is required for the adequate assembly of selenoproteins, which are further required for thyroid hormone metabolism. Present case-control study aims to investigate the association of the K438X (rs119461977) variant situated on exon 10 of the gene with biochemical parameters and hypothyroidism. Our study comprises 253 subjects, 136 healthy control (Female 70, Male 66), and 117 case hypothyroid patients (Female 81, Male 36). Biochemical parameters were estimated using an automatic analyzer. PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping. Heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes are higher among the cases as compared to control and shows significant association (-0.0004). The frequency of minor alleles is significantly higher in cases than in control (-0.0018). The dominant genetic model shows a two-fold disease risk (χ-6.8505, OR-2.019, 95%CI 2.2779-1.74118, value-0.008). Recessive and additive models also suggest a significant association with hypothyroidism (-0.0005, 0.00066). This study indicates the novel association of rs119461977 of the SBP2 gene with hypothyroidism. This association underlines the importance of selenoproteins synthesis in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism.
miR-335-5p Inhibits EMT and PI3K/AKT Pathways via MARCH8.
Bano A, Suyal G, Saraya A … +1 more , Sharma R
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2025 Apr · PMID 40123623 · Full text
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved process that regulates protein stability by post-translational modification. Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins belong to a family of transmembrane E3 ligases which are resp...
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved process that regulates protein stability by post-translational modification. Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins belong to a family of transmembrane E3 ligases which are responsible for the degradation of their target proteins. Recently, several MARCH family members, including MARCH8, have been reported to be deregulated in cancers. However, the nuances of the exact mechanism remain unexplored. Herein, we investigated regulation of PI3K/AKT and EMT pathways in esophageal cancer via miR-335-5p/MARCH8 axis. Putative miRNAs regulating MARCH8 expression were predicted using in-silico tools. Correlation between expression of miR-335-5p and MARCH8 in esophageal cancer and distant matched non-malignant tissues was evaluated using Real-time PCR. Further, luciferase assay and western blot analysis were carried out to study the direct regulation of MARCH8 via miR-335-5p in esophageal cancer cells. Expression of MARCH8 and miR-335-5p was modulated in esophageal cancer cells and its effect on PI3K/AKT and EMT pathways was evaluated using western blot analysis. Prediction tools revealed miR-335-5p to be the most promising miRNA that might regulate MARCH8 expression. Next, expression analysis of miR-335-5p and MARCH8 in esophageal cancer and distant matched non-malignant tissues revealed an inverse correlation between miR-335-5p and MARCH8 expression (= - 0.293; = 0.139). A significant decrease in MARCH8 expression was observed post-miR-335-5p transfection in esophageal cancer cells ( < 0.05). The direct regulation of MARCH8 via miR-335-5p was established using luciferase assay. Further, forced expression of miR-335-5p and silencing of MARCH8 in esophageal cancer cells resulted in the inhibition of PI3/AKT and EMT pathways. Our findings for the first time, demonstrate miR-335-5p mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT and EMT pathways via MARCH8.
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