The British Journal Of Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Overall effectiveness of a school-based intervention in reducing adolescents' weight status and nutritional behaviours social inequalities.
Dosda A, Langlois J, Böhme P … +6 more , Lecomte E, Legrand K, Spitz E, Briançon S, Manneville F, Omorou A
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 42028695 · Publisher ↗
School-based interventions offer a promising setting to promote healthier nutritional behaviours (NB) such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and eating behaviour, while addressing weight social inequali...
School-based interventions offer a promising setting to promote healthier nutritional behaviours (NB) such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and eating behaviour, while addressing weight social inequalities. NB changes may occur before measurable effects on weight, which can take longer to emerge. This study evaluated the overall effectiveness of the school-based Promotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique - INEgalités de Santé (PRALIMAP-INÈS) trial on weight and NB social inequalities reduction among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Adolescents were divided into two intervention groups according to their socio-economic status (socially advantaged and socially less advantaged). NB were self-reported by adolescents. Outcomes were BMI z-score (BMIz), fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption, sweetened products and beverages (SPB) consumption, vigorous/moderate PA, walking and SB. Overall effectiveness was estimated using generalised pairwise comparisons, estimating net benefit for each outcome (δ) and overall net benefit (Δ). Of 985 adolescents (age = 15·3 (sd 0·7 years; 46·7 % boys), those in less advantaged group were 12·5 % more likely to have a favourable change in weight status and NB than those in advantaged group (Δ = 12·5 % (6·1, 19·1 %)). For each outcome, net benefits were as follows: BMIz (δ = 4·2 % (0·0, 8·6)), vigorous PA (δ = 4·2 % (0·4, 8·3)), FV (δ = 3·2 % (0·9, 5·5)), SB (δ = 0·8 % (-1·6, 3·2)), SPB (δ = -0·2 % (-1·1, 0·6)), moderate PA (δ = 0·2 %) (-0·7, 1·1) and walking (δ = 0·2 % (-0·2, 0·6)). Results showed an overall beneficial effect of the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial in reducing social inequalities in weight and NB among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Long-term effectiveness could be expected by reducing social inequalities in NB.
Association between the nutritional risk index and stroke: evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2020.
Jin H, Wu J
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 42028683 · Publisher ↗
Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2011-2020), we assessed the association between the nutritional risk index (NRI) and stroke risk among 22 839 adults (mean age, 49·61 (sd 17·07) years), includ...
Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2011-2020), we assessed the association between the nutritional risk index (NRI) and stroke risk among 22 839 adults (mean age, 49·61 (sd 17·07) years), including 910 individuals (3·98 %) with stroke. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to characterise the association, with subgroup analyses to examine consistency across populations and mediation analyses to investigate the roles of lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. Higher continuous NRI was inversely associated with stroke, with each 1-unit increase associated with 4 % lower odds (OR = 0·96, 95 % CI: 0·95, 0·97), and participants in the highest NRI quartile (Q4) had a significantly lower stroke risk than those in the lowest NRI quartile (Q1) (OR 0·60, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·85). RCS analysis indicated a linear relationship ( for nonlinearity > 0·05), and the protective effect of higher NRI remained robust across nearly all subgroups examined. Mediation analyses revealed that total cholesterol, systemic immune-inflammation index, product of platelet and neutrophil count, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte:monocyte ratio each partially mediated the NRI-stroke association, with mediation effects ranging from 1·71 % to 13·65 %. These findings suggest that favourable nutritional status, reflected by higher NRI, is linked to lower stroke risk, with lipid metabolism and inflammation playing mediating roles in this association. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted.
Levels of adherence, barriers and facilitators to antenatal supplementation of iron-containing supplements in sixty-nine low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of demographic and health surveys data.
Ferrero E, Partap U, Fawzi WW
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 42027124 · Publisher ↗
Fe-deficiency anaemia is common during pregnancy and can lead to serious health consequences for mothers and babies. Antenatal Fe supplementation is associated with lower anaemia prevalence and improved pregnancy outcome...
Fe-deficiency anaemia is common during pregnancy and can lead to serious health consequences for mothers and babies. Antenatal Fe supplementation is associated with lower anaemia prevalence and improved pregnancy outcomes, and the WHO recommends daily oral Fe (30-60 mg) with folic acid (0·4 mg) during pregnancy. However, data on uptake and adherence in many low- and middle-income countries remain fragmented and outdated. We conducted a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from sixty-nine low- and middle-income countries to assess uptake and adherence to Fe-containing supplements and explore associations with socio-demographic characteristics and antenatal care (ANC). Overall, 86 % of respondents reported receiving Fe supplements during pregnancy. Among these women, 46·1 % consumed ninety or more supplements, 23·3 % consumed 120 or more, and only 7·1 % consumed 180 or more. Higher education, wealth, and media access were strongly associated with increased odds of initiating supplementation (OR: 1·32; 95 % CI: 1·25, 1·38; OR: 1·29; 95 % CI: 1·20, 1·38; OR: 1·15; 95 % CI: 1·05, 1·26, respectively) and adhering to the regimen (OR: 1·16; 95 % CI: 1·12, 1·21; OR: 1·21; 95 % CI: 1·13, 1·30; OR: 1·14; 95 % CI: 1·08, 1·20, respectively). Early ANC attendance was also associated with higher supplement consumption. Country-specific ANC guidelines are needed to provide clear guidance on the timing and frequency of ANC attendance and supplementation.
Butyrate in ulcerative colitis and pouchitis: friend or foe?
Rhodes JM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 42027119 · Publisher ↗
It is widely known that the short chain fatty acid (SFA) butyrate, generated mainly through fermentation of dietary fibre by anaerobic bacteria, has beneficial effects on health. Less widely known is that butyrate, at th...
It is widely known that the short chain fatty acid (SFA) butyrate, generated mainly through fermentation of dietary fibre by anaerobic bacteria, has beneficial effects on health. Less widely known is that butyrate, at the concentration (c20 mM) typically found in the healthy colonic lumen, is toxic to colon epithelial cells. It is probably the presence of the continuous adherent mucus layer in the healthy colon that ensures that butyrate concentrations in contact with the epithelium fall below the levels (c > 3 mM) that are consistently toxic in or studies. In active ulcerative colitis, the adherent mucus layer is commonly weakened or absent. In this situation, it is likely that the luminal butyrate concentration will be toxic to the epithelium. It follows that butyrate at concentrations typically present in the colon lumen is probably beneficial when colitis is in remission but harmful when colitis has relapsed. This may explain the largely negative results of butyrate therapy in ulcerative colitis and could also account for the recently reported benefit from total enteral nutrition. It also suggests that butyrate should be regarded as a target for therapy in active ulcerative colitis rather than a solution.
The association between dietary macronutrient distribution and mortality in an African cohort.
Linde M, Van der Merwe C, Ricci C … +1 more , Pieters M
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 42015390 · Publisher ↗
Optimal nutrition is essential for reducing both all-cause and CVD mortality. Existing research highlights the importance of macronutrient type and quality in this context, with limited evidence in non-Western population...
Optimal nutrition is essential for reducing both all-cause and CVD mortality. Existing research highlights the importance of macronutrient type and quality in this context, with limited evidence in non-Western populations. We aimed to determine the association between macronutrient distribution and all-cause and CVD mortality in an African population as well as the contribution of the respective food sources. This cohort consisted of 1737 African men and women with a median observational time of 13 years, resulting in 19 456·6 person-years. CVD-related international classification for diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes (I00-I99) were included when considering CVD mortality. Substitution analysis using partition and nutrient-density models assessed the relationship between macronutrient distribution and mortality. Higher intakes of complex carbohydrates (CHO), animal protein, total fat and MUFA were associated with decreased all-cause mortality risk. The partition model also revealed that substituting 200 calories (kcal) of plant protein with animal protein significantly reduced all-cause mortality risk by 39 % to 33 % (model 1-3). In addition, the isoenergetic substitution of 10 % total energy from total fat with total CHO led to a 17 % reduction in all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0·83; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·96). No significant associations with CVD mortality were found. These findings partially agree with, yet also oppose, previous studies, emphasising the need for population-specific data. Research from high-income European populations may not directly apply to African contexts due to food insecurity, reliance on staple-based diets with low-quality plant proteins and lean, higher-quality animal protein sources, as well as differences in CVD disease aetiology.
Discrepancy in iodised salt coverage between household salt and salt used in dining establishments: considerations for iodine dietary assessment.
Lu W, Wang Z, Shi Z … +11 more , Sun Z, Mai SP, Ma W, Song Q, Shen L, Song R, Yao J, Hu H, Xu Y, Zhang K, Zang J
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41992652 · Publisher ↗
Discrepancies in iodised salt coverage rate (ISCR) between household salt and that used in catering establishments may significantly compromise the accuracy of dietary iodine intake assessments. To evaluate this impact,...
Discrepancies in iodised salt coverage rate (ISCR) between household salt and that used in catering establishments may significantly compromise the accuracy of dietary iodine intake assessments. To evaluate this impact, we analysed data from the 2023 Shanghai Diet and Health Survey, a cross-sectional study involving 2920 adults. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls and an FFQ, while condiment intake was collected using the weighed inventory method. Additionally, salt samples from 960 canteens and restaurants were tested to determine the ISCR in dining establishments. Results showed that the ISCR was 85·9 % in dining establishments, markedly higher than the 53·3 % observed in households. Among employed participants in Shanghai, 51·7 %, 56·1 % and 18·7 % reported consuming breakfast, lunch and dinner outside the home at least once during the 3-d study period, respectively. The estimated daily iodine intake was 101 μg/d when dining-out salt was assumed to have the same ISCR as household salt, but it increased to 118 μg/d after accounting for the ISCR discrepancy. In conclusion, the rising prevalence of eating out has reshaped residents' dietary habits, rendering traditional household-centric survey methods inadequate for iodine intake estimation in Shanghai. Incorporating ISCR differences between household and dining settings is essential for more accurate dietary iodine assessments.
Identification of chrono-nutrition behaviour patterns and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, diet quality and obesity.
Murakami K, Shinozaki N, Livingstone MBE … +2 more , Masayasu S, Sasaki S
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41987531 · Publisher ↗
While chrono-nutrition behaviours are inter-related, few studies examined patterns of chrono-nutrition behaviours using a comprehensive set of these behaviours. This study aimed to identify chrono-nutrition behaviour pat...
While chrono-nutrition behaviours are inter-related, few studies examined patterns of chrono-nutrition behaviours using a comprehensive set of these behaviours. This study aimed to identify chrono-nutrition behaviour patterns and examine their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, diet quality and obesity. This cross-sectional study included 1047 Japanese adults aged 20-69 years. Using 11-d diaries of eating, chrono-nutrition behaviours (such as frequency and timing of eating) were evaluated for workdays and non-workdays separately. Principal component analysis identified four patterns: 'early, large breakfast on workdays', 'skipping breakfast on non-workdays', 'frequent snacking with small dinner' and 'early last eating with large lunch'. Female sex was associated with the 'frequent snacking with small dinner' and 'early last eating with large lunch' patterns; male sex was associated with the 'skipping breakfast on non-workdays' pattern. Age was positively associated with the 'skipping breakfast on non-workdays' and 'early last eating with large lunch' patterns. Having a full-time paid job was associated positively with the two patterns characterised mainly by breakfast but inversely with the remaining two patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, none of the four patterns were significantly associated with diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2020 score), general obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) or abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for males; ≥ 80 cm for females). In conclusion, this study suggests that different chrono-nutrition behaviour patterns were differentially associated with sociodemographic characteristics, but not with diet quality or obesity. Further research is needed to clarify if the patterning approach is useful to comprehensively interrogate chrono-nutrition behaviours.
The dietary intake and nutritional status of military veterans: a systematic literature review.
Bayes J, Lee M, Best T
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41987530 · Publisher ↗
Military veterans (ex-serving members of the Armed Services) experience unique physical and mental health challenges, with diet playing a critical role in chronic disease management and well-being. This review aimed to e...
Military veterans (ex-serving members of the Armed Services) experience unique physical and mental health challenges, with diet playing a critical role in chronic disease management and well-being. This review aimed to evaluate veterans' dietary intake against nutrient reference values (NRV) relevant to age and sex. A systematic search of CINAHL, MedLine, Scopus, PubMed and AMED (January 2024, updated March 2025) identified 1268 records; thirty-three studies ( 654 323) met inclusion criteria. Eligible designs included cross-sectional, cohort, quasi-experimental and randomised controlled trials. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs critical appraisal checklist, indicating low risk of bias. Across studies, veterans' intake of fibre, folate, vitamin D, Ca, potassium, fruits, vegetables, wholegrains and legumes was consistently inadequate, with overall diet quality rated poor to average. BMI ranged widely, and veterans reported high rates of mood disorders and low quality-of-life scores. These findings highlight key nutrients and dietary patterns that might be considered and targeted in dietary and lifestyle interventions for promoting the physical and mental health of veterans.
Development of a twelve-item screener for assessing diet quality in Japan.
Oono F, Shinozaki N, Adachi R … +4 more , Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S, Murakami K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41978429 · Publisher ↗
Evidence-based diet quality screeners that can be completed within a few minutes are suitable tools for evaluating diet quality in time-limited settings; however, no such tool has yet been developed in Japan. This study...
Evidence-based diet quality screeners that can be completed within a few minutes are suitable tools for evaluating diet quality in time-limited settings; however, no such tool has yet been developed in Japan. This study aimed to develop a screener to assess adherence to the Diet Quality Score for Japanese (DQSJ) and to describe its development process. The DQSJ is a 10-component index that was previously developed. The present study developed questions and assigned scores based on dietary data analysis and evidence on diet-health associations. Dietary data from 392 Japanese adults were analysed to identify the intake of food groups in the DQSJ. The mean intakes of 4-non-consecutive-day dietary records were described for each food group across the consumption frequencies in dietary questionnaires. Questions about sodium intake were derived from a sodium screener. Consequently, the DQSJ screener comprised 12 questions: two for red and processed meat, two for sodium and one for each of the other eight food groups (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, dairy, fish and sugar-sweetened beverages). The screener asked about the number of servings consumed for vegetables, dairy and sugar-sweetened beverages and the consumption frequencies for the other food groups. The maximum scores were assigned with consideration of optimal and feasible consumption for health outcomes. The total DQSJ was calculated by summing all item scores, resulting in a range of 0-30. The DQSJ screener has the potential to facilitate the assessment of diet quality in time-limited settings in Japan; the next step is to examine its validity.
Vitamin D supplementation and musculoskeletal injury risk in young men undergoing arduous training: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Carswell AT, Swinton P, O'Leary TJ … +11 more , Jackson S, Tang JCY, Oliver SJ, Wentz LM, Izard RM, Taylor N, Allan D, Rhodes LE, Walsh NP, Fraser WD, Greeves JP
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41978289 · Publisher ↗
In 250 men (21·4 (sd 2·9) years; BMI 24·2 (sd 3·0) kg·m) commencing arduous military training during winter, we investigated the effect of 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation on lower body (pelvic girdle, sacrum, coccy...
In 250 men (21·4 (sd 2·9) years; BMI 24·2 (sd 3·0) kg·m) commencing arduous military training during winter, we investigated the effect of 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation on lower body (pelvic girdle, sacrum, coccyx and lower limb) overuse musculoskeletal injury risk in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either simulated sunlight (1·3 × standard erythemal dose in T-shirt and shorts, three times per week for 4 weeks and then once per week for 8 weeks), oral vitamin D (1000 IU · d for 4 weeks and then 400 IU · d for 8 weeks) or placebo for each intervention. Serum vitamin D metabolites and bone metabolism biomarkers were measured at baseline, week 5 and week 12. At baseline, 29 % of participants were vitamin D sufficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 50 nmol·L). Vitamin D supplementation achieved vitamin D sufficiency in 95 % of participants after 4 weeks. During 6 months of training and subsequent 3 years of military service, 100 lower body overuse musculoskeletal injuries were diagnosed by clinicians. Frailty models indicated no difference in injury risk between vitamin D and placebo during military training (HR = 1·23 (95 % CI 0·57, 2·66), = 0·597) or military service (HR = 0·94 (95 % CI 0·60, 1·46), = 0·782). Both safe simulated sunlight and oral vitamin D were effective in achieving and maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in almost all. There was no clear evidence that vitamin D affects the risk of lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury during 6 months of military training or subsequent 3 years of military service.
Joint associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical activity with hypertension: evidence from the ELSA study and genome-wide data.
Xu X, Zhang X, Liu C … +4 more , Zhong H, Lin L, Xu Y, Xu Z
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41969146 · Publisher ↗
The interaction between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and physical activity (PA) in influencing hypertension remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine their independent and joint associations with hypertension r...
The interaction between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and physical activity (PA) in influencing hypertension remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine their independent and joint associations with hypertension risk among 5327 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants were categorised by 25(OH)D status (sufficient, ≥ 50 nmol/l; insufficient, ≥ 30 to < 50 nmol/l; deficient, < 30 nmol/l) and self-reported PA levels. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for the season of measurement and sociodemographic confounders, showed that sufficient 25(OH)D (OR = 0·66, 95 % CI 0·56, 0·78) and higher PA (OR = 0·82, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·94) were independently associated with reduced hypertension prevalence. In joint analyses, the group combining higher PA and sufficient 25(OH)D exhibited the lowest odds of hypertension (OR = 0·55, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·70) compared with the lower PA and deficient group. A significant synergistic interaction was identified, indicating that the combined protective effect of these factors was greater than the sum of their individual associations. These results were corroborated by Mendelian randomisation analysis, which identified inverse causal associations between genetically predicted 25(OH)D, vigorous PA and hypertension risk across independent datasets. These findings emphasise that vitamin D sufficiency acts in synergy with an active lifestyle to enhance cardiovascular protection. This relationship underscores the critical importance in nutritional science of integrating micronutrient status with PA to develop more effective, multifaceted lifestyle-based strategies for hypertension management in middle-aged and older populations.
Cardiometabolic health effects of dietary counselling on a high-quality, fibre-rich diet in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.
van Damme I, van Veldhuisen ER, Visseren FLJ … +3 more , Koopal C, Winkels RM, Geleijnse JM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41958404 · Publisher ↗
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for developing CVD. We assessed how dietary counselling on a high-quality, fibre-rich diet influenced cardiometabolic health of patients with type 2 diabetes. In thi...
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for developing CVD. We assessed how dietary counselling on a high-quality, fibre-rich diet influenced cardiometabolic health of patients with type 2 diabetes. In this 6-month trial, 121 patients with type 2 diabetes (67 (sd 8·7) years, 68 % men, BMI 27·8 kg/m) were assigned to dietary counselling ( 61) or standard care ( 60). Counselling included 4-7 individual sessions with a dietitian, aimed at increasing fibre intake to improve diet quality. The primary outcome was a composite risk score estimating 10-year CVD risk. Secondary outcomes included diet quality, assessed by the Dutch Healthy Eating Index-2015 (DHD15-index), HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, body weight and medication use. Diet quality score at baseline was 115 (sd 26) and similar across groups. Over 6 months, DHD15-index scores improved by 4·5 points (95 % CI: -0·2, 9·1) in the intervention group control, but not significant. The change in 10-year CVD risk across the 6 months of the trial (primary outcome) did not differ between groups -0·1 %, 95 % CI: -0·2, 0·1. Changes over time in HbA1c (-1·1 mmol/mol, 95 % CI: -4·4, 2·3), LDL-cholesterol (0·0 mmol/l, 95 % CI: -0·2, 0·3), blood pressure (-1 mmHg, 95 % CI: -6, 4), body weight (-0·1 kg, 95 % CI: -1·2, 1·1) or medication use did not differ between groups. Dietary counselling for 6 months slightly improved adherence to a high-quality, fibre-rich diet in patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly impact cardiometabolic health or medication use.
The impact of dietary antioxidant quality score on the relationship between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults.
Tian X, Zhao X, Liang X … +2 more , Feng X, Deng R
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41944241 · Publisher ↗
Smoking has been confirmed to induce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) and is associated with higher odds of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dietary antioxidants can reduce inflammation and OS...
Smoking has been confirmed to induce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) and is associated with higher odds of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dietary antioxidants can reduce inflammation and OS. This study seeks to score the dietary antioxidant intake and then assess its impact on the association between smoking and COPD in adults. The data extracted from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were used. The Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) was evaluated by the total intake of vitamins A, C and E, Se, Zn and Mg in the daily diet. Smoking was used as the exposure variable and COPD as the outcome variable. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the associations of DAQS with smoking and COPD, as well as their joint effects on the odds of COPD. The relationships between dietary antioxidant quality score, smoking status and COPD were subsequently assessed. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore associations between relevant covariates and smoking and COPD across DAQS strata. Current smoking was found to be linked to COPD (OR = 4·06, 95 % CI = 3·14, 5·27) in comparison to never smoking. Among smokers, significant associations were observed in both the medium-quality DAQS group (OR = 3·48, 95 % CI: 2·34, 5·17) and the low-quality DAQS group (OR = 5·60, 95 % CI: 3·58, 8·76). In conclusion, high DAQS levels are inversely related to the odds of COPD in adult smokers. Our findings provide valuable insights for management strategies for COPD.
Lifestyle adherence and health behaviours in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a cross-sectional study.
Robertson T, Hamdan N, Bera C … +4 more , Kuczynski M, Pakseresht R, Chen B, Patel K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41937251 · Publisher ↗
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing in prevalence and is the leading cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in the industrialised world. Despite growing evidence for lifestyle...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing in prevalence and is the leading cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in the industrialised world. Despite growing evidence for lifestyle interventions, adherence to nutritional and physical activity recommendations and psychological behaviours among patients with MASLD has not been previously characterised in Canada. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from patients with MASLD. Lifestyle adherence, including dietary patterns, physical activity and psychological measures, was assessed at a single time point to describe prevalence and patterns among participants. Adults with MASLD and advanced fibrosis were older (median age 58·4 v. 45·3 years; < 0·001), had a greater BMI (median 36·3 v. 31·2; < 0·001) and have higher presence of metabolic risk factors including type 2 diabetes mellitus ( < 0·001), hypertension ( = 0·001), thyroid disease ( = 0·02) and were of White ethnicity ( = 0·002). The prevalence of mood disorder was 31 % for anxiety and 16 % for depressive symptoms based on HADS-A and HADS-D ≥ 8 indicating borderline/abnormal anxiety and depression, respectively. Twenty per cent of patients had a Binge Eating Score ≥ 18 indicating moderate/severe binge eating behaviour. Most had poor adherence to a Mediterranean diet with the energy-restricted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (er-MEDAS) ≤ 7 (56 % with poor adherence, 34 % with moderate adherence), 42 % reported weekly alcohol consumption and one-third had low self-reported activity levels on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Here, we identified barriers to risk reduction in patients with MASLD, including increased prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, high frequency of binge eating behaviours, poor adherence to Mediterranean diet quality and sedentary self-reported activity levels.
A modified Delphi to inform development of a multidimensional diet quality score for a sustainable healthy diet - ERRATUM.
Denniss E, Lawrence M, McNaughton SA … +2 more , Livingstone K, Machado P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41925188 · Publisher ↗
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Weight status trajectories and trends in height and BMI of schoolchildren: a cohort study.
Vellozo EP, Costa RFD, de Oliveira MH … +3 more , Santos IKSD, Grafft N, Vitalle MSS
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41919675 · Publisher ↗
Understanding trends in height and BMI, along with trajectories of weight status, is crucial to identifying the optimal timing for intervention. The objective of this study was to describe trends in height and BMI among...
Understanding trends in height and BMI, along with trajectories of weight status, is crucial to identifying the optimal timing for intervention. The objective of this study was to describe trends in height and BMI among children and adolescents and identify the trajectory of weight status over time. This was a longitudinal study with data collected annually (2013-2020). A total of 41 325 students aged 5-18 years from forty-seven schools participated in the study, and a subsample of 11 535 participants with at least five BMI measurements was used for the analyses. Mixed-effects analysis showed significant increases in height over the years for boys (0·19 cm, standard error 0·01, < 0·001) and girls (0·15 cm, standard error 0·01, < 0·001). Regarding BMI, an increasing trend over the years was also found in boys (0·04 kg/m, se 0·01, < 0·001) and girls (0·04 kg/m², se 0·01, < 0·001). Analysing weight status trajectories, three groups were identified: consistently normal weight (males 63·7 %, females 64·5 %), increasingly overweight (males 21·8 %, females 20·7 %) and increasingly obese (males 14·5 %, females 14·8 %). We conclude that in adolescence, height was below expected, indicating that children are not reaching their maximum growth potential. Furthermore, the identification of increasing trajectories of overweight and obesity, starting in childhood, emphasises the progressive nature of excessive weight gain before adulthood. These findings highlight the early onset of nutritional deviations in this population, suggesting the need for interventions to promote healthy weight as children transition into adolescence to mitigate future health risks.
Exploring inter-individual variability in the thermic effect of feeding among women approaching menopause.
Beauregard N, Isacco L, Brochu M … +2 more , Thivel D, Doucet É
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41919385 · Publisher ↗
Little is known about the factors that influence inter-individual variability in the thermic effect of food (TEF). Factors such as age, physical activities, insulin resistance and body weight and composition have been pr...
Little is known about the factors that influence inter-individual variability in the thermic effect of food (TEF). Factors such as age, physical activities, insulin resistance and body weight and composition have been proposed as potential predictors, but findings remain inconsistent. TEF may also be influenced by hormonal status in females. Therefore, this study aimed to explore potential physiological and dietary predictors of TEF in a well-phenotyped cohort of females approaching menopause. This study is a secondary analysis of the MONET study. Eighty-six females had complete data for all predictors included in the analyses: fat mass (kg), resting energy expenditure (REE), VOpeak, fasting glucose, follicle-stimulating hormone and habitual protein intake. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of TEF. Mean TEF over the 180-min measurement period was 33 (sd 8·7) kcal. Habitual daily protein intake was the only consistent significant predictor of TEF across regression models (B ≈ 0·12-0·14 kcal·g, ≈ 0·23-0·24, ≤ 0·04), explaining 6 % of the variance (R = 0·060). Inclusion of fat mass, REE, VOpeak, fasting glucose or follicle-stimulating hormone did not meaningfully improve model fit. These findings suggest that TEF may represent a relatively stable physiological trait, with modest contributions from habitual dietary protein intake, and that additional, unmeasured factors may contribute to inter-individual variability.
Characteristics of women who fast during pregnancy: findings from the Kuwait Birth Cohort study.
Al-Taiar A, Ziyab AH, Al-Sabah R … +3 more , Albatineh AN, Blando J, Hammoud MS
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41919344 · Publisher ↗
Fasting during pregnancy is a widespread practice in Muslim communities, yet its health implications remain poorly understood. A lack of conceptual frameworks and limited understanding of the characteristics of women who...
Fasting during pregnancy is a widespread practice in Muslim communities, yet its health implications remain poorly understood. A lack of conceptual frameworks and limited understanding of the characteristics of women who fast during pregnancy have hindered research in this area. This study examines the differences in several nutritional biomarkers between women who fasted and those who did not and identifies factors associated with fasting behaviour. We analysed data from the Kuwait Birth Cohort in which information on fasting, sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours was collected via structured interviews between 2017 and 2021. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from medical records. Predictors of fasting were identified using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression with 5-fold cross-validation, followed by Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Among 1087 women with available data, 581 (53·4 %; 95 % CI 50·4 %, 56·4 %) reported fasting during pregnancy (19·5 % in the first trimester, 25·1 % in the second and 10·1 % in the third). Women who fasted had significantly lower levels of ferritin ( = 0·048), vitamin B ( = 0·001), erythrocytes folate ( < 0·001), 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( = 0·002) and vitamin D binding protein ( = 0·011), but higher parathyroid hormone ( = 0·011). Predictive models based on sociodemographic and clinical factors showed limited predictive ability. This study indicates that fasting during pregnancy is a common practice among women in Kuwait and is associated with lower levels of key nutrients such as vitamin D, RBC folate and vitamin B. Fasting during pregnancy appears to be driven more by personal, religious and cultural influences than by identifiable clinical or sociodemographic characteristics.
Relationship between urinary phytoestrogen metabolites and telomere length: a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Zeng F, Liu Y, Ding L … +3 more , Chang W, Liu F, Zhu Y
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41919341 · Publisher ↗
Existing studies suggest that foods rich in phytoestrogens could reduce mortality and protect against the shortening of telomere length (TL). However, the specific phytoestrogens responsible for this effect remain uniden...
Existing studies suggest that foods rich in phytoestrogens could reduce mortality and protect against the shortening of telomere length (TL). However, the specific phytoestrogens responsible for this effect remain unidentified. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Four metabolites of soya isoflavones (daidzein, equol, genistein, O-demethylangolensin) and two metabolites of lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were detected. Leukocyte TL was measured. After ln-transformed, the association of phytoestrogen metabolites and leukocyte TL was assessed using multivariable linear regression. Percentage change was calculated as (e-1) × 100 %. Of the 2607 participants, 48·52 % were male. A 1-sd increase in urinary equol was associated with a 1·50 % (95 % CI 0·51, 2·50) increase in TL, and TL was 4·26 % (95 % CI 1·07, 7·56) longer in the highest quintile of equol compared with the lowest. Similarly, a 1-sd increase in the equol:daidzein ratio was linked to a 1·87 % (95 % CI 0·91, 2·84) rise in TL, and TL was 4·83 % (95 % CI 1·71, 8·05) longer in the highest quintile of the equol:daidzein ratio compared with the lowest. No significant association of urinary daidzein, genistein, O-demethylangolensin, enterodiol and enterolactone with TL was observed. Our findings suggested that higher levels of urinary equol and its ratio with daidzein were associated with longer leukocyte TL, highlighting the need for further research into their relationship with ageing.
Associations of maternal Hb levels with fetal biometrics and adverse birth outcomes: a prospective study in China.
Wang Y, Ye YX, Wang Y … +12 more , Wu P, Lai Y, Yang Y, Dong Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, He L, Hu YY, Wu J, Liu G, Pan A, Pan XF
Br J Nutr · 2026 Apr · PMID 41919340 · Publisher ↗
Maternal Hb and fetal growth change dynamically throughout pregnancy. We examined the associations of time-specific Hb levels and Hb trajectories with fetal biometrics and adverse birth outcomes. This prospective study i...
Maternal Hb and fetal growth change dynamically throughout pregnancy. We examined the associations of time-specific Hb levels and Hb trajectories with fetal biometrics and adverse birth outcomes. This prospective study included 6844 pregnant women (mean age 26·6 (sd 3·7) years) from the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort. Hb levels were measured at four periods: early (6-12 gestational weeks), middle (13-27), middle-late (28-32) and late pregnancy (33-37). Fetal biometrics were assessed by ultrasound from middle to late pregnancy. Birth outcomes were obtained from medical records, including small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth. Three Hb trajectories were identified: consistent decline (Trajectory 1), consistently low (Trajectory 2) and increase from middle-late pregnancy (Trajectory 3). Compared with Trajectory 1, Trajectory 3 was associated with lower estimated fetal weight (, -0·54; 95 % CI -0·99, -0·09) and abdominal circumference (, -0·21; 95 % CI -0·40, -0·01) in late pregnancy and higher umbilical artery resistance index across pregnancy (, 0·65; 95 % CI 0·31, 1·00). Trajectory 3 was also associated with higher risk of LBW (OR, 1·57; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·26). In middle-late pregnancy, higher Hb (≥ 130 g/l) was associated with higher risks of LBW (OR, 2·26; 95 % CI 1·08, 4·25) and preterm birth (OR, 2·03; 95 % CI 1·12, 3·44) compared with the reference (110-129 g/l). Elevated maternal Hb from middle-late pregnancy onwards may be associated with lower fetal weight and increased risk of LBW. Dynamic monitoring of maternal Hb may facilitate targeted nutritional management in pregnant women.
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