The British Journal Of Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Effects and mechanisms of dietary Osthole (OST) and Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response of Pacific white shrimp ().
Yu X, Liu R, Jing F … +4 more , Chen Z, Lu M, Li Y, Pan L
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41879046 · Publisher ↗
Dietary plant-derived bioactive compounds for enhancing physiological health are becoming a prevalent strategy for antibiotic alternatives. Our study revealed the effects and underlying mechanism of osthole (OST) and OST...
Dietary plant-derived bioactive compounds for enhancing physiological health are becoming a prevalent strategy for antibiotic alternatives. Our study revealed the effects and underlying mechanism of osthole (OST) and OST-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) compound in based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and a 42-d feeding trial verification. The results illustrated that OST and OST-TMP compound significantly improved the survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, strengthening the growth performance of Meanwhile, combining the predictive results from network pharmacology and molecular docking, we propose that OST and TMP synergistically enhance the antioxidant defence capacity of shrimp through the synergistic Nrf2 signalling pathway, thereby enhancing the expression of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, OST-TMP exhibited a significant increase of the immune response in haemocyte and intestine of shrimp, increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptide and lysozyme and suppressing the inflammatory factors, via the synergistic (NF-κB) and complementary targets predicted by network pharmacology. Additionally, gut microbiota composition of was improved, and the dominant genera were correlated with intestinal immune in the compound groups. For the first time, we elucidated the mechanism of plant-derived bioactive compounds mediating physiological health in aquatic animals via a new strategy of network pharmacology-molecular docking-experimental verification and identified the optimal addition amount of OST-TMP in shrimp (150 mg/kg TMP + 20 mg/kg OST), providing a technical safeguard for the animal health and the safety of aquatic products.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived water composition ratios predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer: a multicentre cohort study.
Wei L, Wang S, Li B … +4 more , Xian S, Qin X, Shi H, Xie H
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41797607 · Publisher ↗
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived water composition ratios are non-invasive and cost-effective indices that reflect body fluid distribution. This study aimed to investigate the associations between these BIA...
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived water composition ratios are non-invasive and cost-effective indices that reflect body fluid distribution. This study aimed to investigate the associations between these BIA-derived ratios and overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric cancer. A retrospective multicentre study included 385 gastric cancer patients. Optimal cut-offs were determined via receiver operating characteristic curves. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) evaluated associations with OS. The optimal cut-off values were 0.389 for extracellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW), 0·611 for intracellular water (ICW]/TBW and 0·638 for ECW/ICW. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that elevated ECW/TBW (72·6% vs. 58·7%; < 0·001) and ECW/ICW (59·1% vs. 72·4%; < 0·001) were associated with poorer OS, while a higher ICW/TBW (73·4% vs. 57·3%; < 0·001) indicated better prognosis. In RCS models, ECW/TBW (hazard ratio (HR) = 1·552, 1·202-2·005, = 0·001) and ECW/ICW (HR = 1·735, 1·320-2·280, < 0·001) independently predicted worse OS, whereas ICW/TBW inversely correlated with mortality (HR = 0·620, 0·486-0·790, < 0·001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis further confirmed that higher ECW/TBW (HR =1·552, 95% CI 1·272-2·688, < 0·001) and ECW/ICW (HR = 1·735, 1·320-2·280, < 0·001) ratios independently predicted worse OS. Conversely, a higher ICW/TBW ratio was inversely correlated with mortality (HR = 0·567, 95% CI 0·390-0·824, = 0·003). The ECW/ICW ratio demonstrated the highest C-index (0·596), outperforming other ratios in predicting survival. These associations were consistent across subgroups, including advanced-stage patients. BIA-derived water composition ratios, particularly ECW/ICW, are robust and independent predictors of survival in gastric cancer patients, reflecting underlying metabolic and inflammatory disturbances. These non-invasive and cost-effective markers could enhance prognostic accuracy and guide personalised treatment strategies.
Association of dietary grain fibre and its main subtypes with essential hypertension risk: a prospective cohort study.
Zhong J, Luo J, Kong Y … +2 more , Zhang D, Wang W
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41797603 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the relationships of total dietary grain fibre (TGF) and its two subtypes (whole-grain fibre (WGF) and refined grain fibre (RGF)) with essential hypertension (EHP) in a large-scale prospective coh...
This study investigated the relationships of total dietary grain fibre (TGF) and its two subtypes (whole-grain fibre (WGF) and refined grain fibre (RGF)) with essential hypertension (EHP) in a large-scale prospective cohort study. The participants were recruited by UK Biobank. Dietary grain fibre was assessed using the baseline touchscreen FFQ. New-onset EHP was defined by International Classification of Disease version 10. Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic spline analysis were utilised to examine the associations of TGF and its subtypes with EHP. Additionally, mediation analysis was applied to assess whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and inflammatory index score (INFLA-score) mediated these associations. Among 60 315 participants without prior hypertension, 3651 (6·05 %) developed EHP over a median follow-up of 10·3 years, with an incidence density of 6·08 per 1000 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratios for Q4 compared with Q1 were 0·828 (95 % CI: 0·750, 0·914) for TGF and 0·842 (95 % CI: 0·767, 0·936) for WGF. Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed inverse relationships for TGF and WGF with EHP risk. But RGF showed no significant association with EHP. The TyG index and INFLA-score partially mediated the associations of TGF and WGF with EHP, with mediation proportions of 4·2 % and 3·3 % for TGF, and 4·9 % and 5·2 % for WGF, respectively. Jointly, TyG index and INFLA-score together mediated 5·6 % between TGF and EHP, and 7·4 % between WGF and EHP. In conclusion, higher intake of TGF and WGF reduces EHP risk, and this effect is only partly mediated by TyG index and INFLA-score.
Turkish version of the renal inpatient nutrition screening tool: validity and reliability for haemodialysis patients - ERRATUM.
Ersoy Söke N, Karademir E, Bayrak E … +2 more , Kazım Körez M, Yardımcı H
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41797569 · Publisher ↗
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Associations of ultra-processed food intake with bone mineral density and fractures in the UK Biobank.
Hu H, Huang H, Cai L … +2 more , Qi L, Zhou T
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41787934 · Full text
Given there is no prospective research evidence on the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and human bone health, this study aimed to analyse the associations of UPF intake with bone mineral density (BM...
Given there is no prospective research evidence on the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and human bone health, this study aimed to analyse the associations of UPF intake with bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of fractures using data from 163 855 participants in the UK Biobank. Multiple linear regression assessed BMD, and Cox regression models estimated fracture risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate non-linearity. Participants' average age was 56·0 years, with 1097 hip fractures and 7889 all fractures recorded over 12·0 years of follow-up. Complex inverted U-shaped associations between UPF intake and BMD were found at the femur trochanter. Compared with the lowest UPF intake, the highest UPF intake was linked to a reduction in BMD at the femoral neck ((se) = -0·0061 (0·0024), < 0·05), femur trochanter ((se) = -0·0083 (0·0024), < 0·001), lumbar spine ((se) = -0·0114 (0·0036), < 0·01) and total body ((se) = -0·0095 (0·0021), < 0·001). The link was more pronounced in participants under 65 years of age and those who were underweight ( < 0·01). Per sd increment of UPF intake was linked to 10·5 % and 2·7 % higher risks of incident hip fractures (hazard ratio (HR), 95 % CI 1·105, 1·029, 1·186; < 0·01) and all fractures (HR, 95 % CI 1·027, 1·000, 1·055; < 0·05), respectively. Our results suggest that higher UPF intake is associated with lower BMD and increased risk of fractures captured in hospital inpatient records, highlighting the need for dietary interventions to protect bone health.
Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index mediates the association between obesity and depressive symptoms: a population-based analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018.
Wang R, Xiao Y, McIntyre RS … +2 more , Teopiz KM, Cao B
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41787596 · Publisher ↗
Epidemiological and clinical research has confirmed a link between obesity and depressive symptoms, with inflammation as a potential common mechanism. Given that dietary components modulate inflammation and relate to bot...
Epidemiological and clinical research has confirmed a link between obesity and depressive symptoms, with inflammation as a potential common mechanism. Given that dietary components modulate inflammation and relate to both conditions, investigating dietary inflammation as a potential underlying pathway is necessary. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential role of the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) in explaining the relationship between obesity and depressive symptoms. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort, enrolling 20 324 participants. Obesity and dietary inflammation were assessed by BMI and E-DII, respectively. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We found that obesity and inflammatory diets were positively associated with depressive symptoms ( = 0·50, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·69; = 0·35, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·50; both < 0·001), and variations in the association among obesity, pro-inflammatory diets and depressive symptoms were evident across various population subgroups (e.g. sex, age, chronic diseases and smoking status subgroups, < 0·050). After adjusting for all covariates, E-DII accounted for 4 % of the obesity-depression association. Despite this modest proportion, the finding identifies dietary-induced inflammation as a statistically significant, modifiable pathway. In conclusion, obesity and pro-inflammatory diets are linked to an increased risk of depressive symptoms, with E-DII serving as a modest but significant modifiable pathway. These findings highlight dietary intervention as a potential strategy for mitigating depressive symptoms in individuals with obesity.
Developing and validating machine learning algorithms to predict various indices of diet quality among a socio-economically disadvantaged group.
Côté M, Rochette M, Laramée C … +6 more , Lapointe A, Kirkpatrick SI, Lemieux S, Desroches S, Bélanger-Gravel A, Lamarche B
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41777105 · Publisher ↗
Public health research faces challenges in recruiting socio-economically disadvantaged groups. This study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) algorithms developed using data from a general population could predict in...
Public health research faces challenges in recruiting socio-economically disadvantaged groups. This study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) algorithms developed using data from a general population could predict indices of diet quality among a socio-economically disadvantaged group. Data from 5367 adults (77·5 % females) in the NutriQuébec project and on 122 variables potentially associated with dietary intakes were used. Dietary intakes were measured using a web-based 24-h recall. Participants were categorised by fifths of a deprivation score based on income, education and material and social deprivation. Participants in the first four fifths formed the general NutriQuébec sample ( 4180) and those above the fifth quintile formed the high deprivation sample ( 1187). Three indices of diet quality defined as 'high' or 'low' were used: vegetable and fruit consumption (VFC, ≥ 5·0 reference amounts (RA)/d), 'other foods' consumption, meaning, foods not recommended in Canada's Food Guide 2019 (OFC, > 5·0 RA/d) and overall diet quality measured using the (HEFI-2019, > 48·9 points). The algorithms developed and tested in the general NutriQuébec sample predicted high VFC, OFC and HEFI-2019 with accuracies of 0·60 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·62), 0·58 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·60) and 0·61 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·63), respectively. In the high deprivation sample, the algorithms predicted the diet quality indices with comparable accuracies (VFC, 0·69, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·71; OFC, 0·56, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·58; HEFI-2019, 0·66, 95 % CI 0·65, 0·67). ML algorithms trained to predict three diet quality indices in the general NutriQuébec sample were applicable to a high deprivation group.
Enhanced 2-arachidonoyl glycerol-dependent CB1 activation contributes to feeding dysregulation in KK- mice.
Igarashi M, Iwasa K, Yamamoto S … +3 more , Ohto-Nakanishi T, Kimura I, Yoshikawa K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41775653 · Publisher ↗
The endocannabinoid (EC) system in the central and peripheral nerves plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including feeding behaviour and energy metabolism. In particular, gut ECs stimulate appetite,...
The endocannabinoid (EC) system in the central and peripheral nerves plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including feeding behaviour and energy metabolism. In particular, gut ECs stimulate appetite, and excessive activation of the system can induce hedonic eating, leading to obesity. Previous studies have indicated elevation of gut EC levels in high-fat diet-induced or genetically obese rodents. The present study aimed to expand our understanding of gut ECs involved in feeding behaviour during obesity by characterising the profiles of arachidonic metabolites, including ECs, in the gut and by examining their impact on feeding behaviour in KK- mice, an obesity model established by crossing diabetic KK mice with lethal yellow ( ) mice. KK- mice exhibit hyperphagia compared with lean mice under either free-feeding condition or refeeding condition after 24 h of food deprivation. Meal pattern analyses revealed that hyperphagia in KK- mice was primarily due to higher meal frequency rather than meal size or interval, suggesting a defect in hunger control. In addition, levels of EC and other arachidonic acid metabolites such as prostaglandin E and F were elevated in KK- mice. Pharmacological blockade of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and diacylglycerol lipase, but not N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, reduced food intake, as did treatment with cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors. These findings suggest that intestinal 2-arachidonoyl glycerol-dependent CB1 activation contributes to hyperphagic behaviour in KK- mice and PGs are involved in feeding control.
Dietary patterns and tryptophan metabolism: mechanistic insights and health implications.
Albayrak Buhurcu C, Gezmen Karadağ M
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41775650 · Publisher ↗
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis, immune regulation and the production of serotonin, melatonin and kynurenine. Its metabolism proceeds through three major pathways - the kynurenine, se...
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis, immune regulation and the production of serotonin, melatonin and kynurenine. Its metabolism proceeds through three major pathways - the kynurenine, serotonin and gut microbiota-derived indole pathways - which are influenced by diet, microbiota and inflammation. The Mediterranean diet generally improves tryptophan bioavailability, enhances serotonin synthesis and limits excessive kynurenine activation through anti-inflammatory and microbiota-mediated mechanisms. In contrast, Western diets promote systemic inflammation, increase kynurenine production and reduce serotonin and beneficial indole metabolites. High-protein and ketogenic diets elevate substrate availability but may increase microbial production of indoles such as skatole and alter the balance of tryptophan utilisation, while calorie-restricted diets appear to downregulate pro-inflammatory tryptophan degradation and improve serotonin-related satiety regulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that diet is a key regulator of tryptophan metabolism, with implications for mood, sleep, inflammation, cancer progression and cardiometabolic health. Despite these advances, several knowledge gaps remain, including limited standardisation of dietary assessment methods, insufficient databases on the tryptophan content of foods and a lack of controlled comparative trials. Addressing these limitations may enable the development of nutritional strategies that optimise tryptophan metabolism and improve health outcomes.
Micronutrient fortification of plant-based dairy and seafood alternatives - changes over a five year period.
Nicol K, Nugent AP, Woodside J … +12 more , Hart KH, Thomas EL, Wicking JM, Smith R, Bale D, Soutter L, Wells F, Hunt L, Bacon H, Tyko H, Rumble DG, Bath SC
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41772783 · Publisher ↗
Concerns about the environmental impact of animal-source foods have led to a shift towards plant-based alternatives (PBA). While dairy products and seafood are rich in iodine, an essential nutrient for thyroid function a...
Concerns about the environmental impact of animal-source foods have led to a shift towards plant-based alternatives (PBA). While dairy products and seafood are rich in iodine, an essential nutrient for thyroid function and cognitive development, PBA often lack iodine fortification. As the market expands, there is increasing concern that individuals replacing dairy products and seafood with unfortified PBA may be at risk of iodine deficiency. This study assessed changes in the iodine fortification of plant-based milk, yogurt, cheese and seafood alternatives through a cross-sectional survey of UK supermarkets (2020-2024). Supermarkets were surveyed online each December, and product nutrition and ingredient data were extracted. Between 2020 and 2024, the number of PBA increased by 55 %, with 466 PBA identified in 2024, including milk ( 246), yogurt ( 81), cheese ( 110) and seafood alternatives ( 29). Iodine fortification was inconsistent: in 2024, 48 % of non-organic milk alternatives were fortified, while only 5 % of non-organic yogurt and 4 % of cheese alternatives contained iodine. In comparison, 28 %, 6 % and 0 % of non-organic milk, yogurt and cheese alternatives were fortified with iodine in 2020. No fortified seafood alternatives were identified. Fortified PBA provided 75-83 % of the iodine content of cow's milk, but most remained poor iodine sources. Although iodine fortification has increased, it lags behind that of calcium and vitamin B (48 % . 88 % and 71 %, respectively). Given iodine's critical role in health, clearer public health guidance and improved fortification policies are needed. Increased reliance on PBA may exacerbate iodine insufficiency in the UK without intervention.
-3 Fatty acid intake and circadian syndrome in US adults: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.
Zhang D, Sun D, Che B … +5 more , Zhang B, Zhao L, Wang Y, Shi Z, Peng W
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41772761 · Publisher ↗
Circadian syndrome (CircS) appears to be a better predictor for CVD than metabolic syndrome, and -3 fatty acids are generally suggested to alleviate negative health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the associatio...
Circadian syndrome (CircS) appears to be a better predictor for CVD than metabolic syndrome, and -3 fatty acids are generally suggested to alleviate negative health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the association between -3 intake and CircS and examine the effect modification by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. In this cross-sectional study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 were analysed ( 12 028). Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was applied to analyse the associations of -3 intake with CircS and its components. Subgroup analyses examining the effect modification by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were followed by a restricted cubic spline investigating the non-linear associations between -3 intake and CircS by race. The weighted prevalence of metabolic syndrome and CircS was 45·8 and 37·3 %, respectively. Overall, no significant associations were found between the intake of total -3, EPA or DHA and CircS. However, -3 intake was associated with a lower risk of depression - a component of CircS. Comparing extreme quartiles of -3 intake (highest . lowest), the OR (95 % CI) for depressive symptoms was 0·77 (0·64, 0·90). Among the Black, those in the highest quartile of -3 intake were more likely to have CircS, with the OR (95 % CI) of 1·36 (1·02, 1·82). No association between -3 intake and CircS in the total study population was observed. However, -3 intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms in American adults. Interactions between race and -3 intake in relation to CircS were also identified.
Stress, coping and food addiction: the mediating role of coping strategies among university students.
Manisalı E, Murat Mehmed Ali M, Olgun Ayazlı SN … +1 more , Çelik F
Br J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41769709 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to address a critical gap in literature by examining the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between mental health issues and food addiction among university students, contributing to...
This study aims to address a critical gap in literature by examining the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between mental health issues and food addiction among university students, contributing to the understanding of how stress management mechanisms affect addictive eating behaviours during this vulnerable period. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 1947 students enrolled at a university in Istanbul during the 2024-2025 academic year. Data were collected online, using a Personal Information Form, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress-21 Scale (DASS-21), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE) and the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0). Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and PROCESS Macro Model 4. Moderate, positive and statistically significant correlations were observed between depression, anxiety and stress levels and food addiction ( = 0·398-0·417; < 0·001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that mental health issues explained 20·8 % of the variance in food addiction scores. Mediation analyses indicated that adaptive coping strategies (e.g. humour, acceptance and using instrumental social support) and maladaptive coping strategies (e.g. restraint coping, behavioural disengagement and suppression of competing activities) significantly mediated the relationship between mental health issues and food addiction. Mental health issues represent a substantial risk factor for food addiction among university students in metropolitan areas, influenced by their coping strategies. Promoting adaptive coping strategies and reducing maladaptive ones are essential for preventing food addiction. These findings underscore the need to integrate psychological support and stress management into intervention programmes targeting university students.
Effect of modified Mediterranean diet supplemented with partial enteral nutrition in post-surgical patients with Crohn's disease: a pilot clinical trial.
Huang X, Chen Y, Zhong Z … +10 more , Li S, Luo J, Tang Y, Hu W, Hou Y, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Liao X, Yu Q, Zhang P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41749464 · Publisher ↗
Dietary intervention represents a promising strategy for managing post-surgical patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to evaluate the effects of a modified Mediterranean diet (MMD) supplemented with partial...
Dietary intervention represents a promising strategy for managing post-surgical patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to evaluate the effects of a modified Mediterranean diet (MMD) supplemented with partial enteral nutrition (PEN) for 4–5 weeks on quality of life in post-surgical CD patients, compared with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN). The study was conducted at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The primary outcome was quality of life, measured using the 22-item inflammatory bowel disease quality-of-life questionnaire (IBDQOL-22) at the end of the intervention. Secondary outcomes included nutritional status and disease-related characteristics. Among 115 screened patients, forty-six were randomised to either the EEN group ( 24) or the MMD supplemented with PEN group ( 22). Twenty-three patients in the EEN group and twenty-two in the MMD supplemented with PEN group completed the study and were included for analysis. At the end of the intervention, both groups achieved similar 22-item inflammatory bowel disease quality-of-life questionnaire (IBDQOL-22) scores (EEN . MMD supplemented with PEN: 88·43 (sd 9·17) . 87·57 (sd 7·38), = 0·734). In addition, both groups exhibited comparable nutritional status and disease-related characteristics (all > 0·05). These results suggest that MMD supplemented with PEN provides comparable clinical benefits to EEN in post-surgical CD patients and may serve as an alternative nutritional strategy.
Early postponed supplementary parenteral nutrition after major emergency abdominal surgery (The EATERS trial): protocol and statistical analysis plan.
Hansen JB, Kokotovic D, Thygesen LC … +1 more , Burcharth J
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41744105 · Publisher ↗
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used when sufficient oral or enteral nutrition is not possible or feasible. Current guidelines provide limited practical guidance in emergency surgical patients, and the evidence is sparse. T...
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used when sufficient oral or enteral nutrition is not possible or feasible. Current guidelines provide limited practical guidance in emergency surgical patients, and the evidence is sparse. The EATERS trial aims to investigate the effect of early supplemental PN on postoperative infections in major emergency abdominal surgery patients. The EATERS trial is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. The trial will include 342 adults with reduced oral intake after emergency abdominal surgery, randomising them in a 1:1 ratio to early or postponed supplemental PN. The intervention group (early) will receive supplemental PN starting on postoperative day (POD) 2 for up to five days. The control group (postponed) will receive standard care and, if oral intake remains insufficient, will begin supplemental PN on POD5 for up to five days. The primary outcome is the incidence of postoperative nosocomial infections during admission. Outcome assessors and the statistician will be blinded to the treatment allocation. The secondary outcomes include non-infectious complications during admission, length of stay, mortality risk at 30 and 90 d, energy and protein intake, serious adverse events and readmission risk within 30 and 90 d of surgery. Analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle and logistic regression used for primary outcome analysis. The EATERS trial will provide novel insights into the timing of PN in a high-risk patient population. This protocol and statistical analysis plan will reduce bias and increase transparency in the conduct and analysis of the trial.
evaluation of hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract from Caco seeds ( L.) and action mechanisms by prediction in a model of hypertriglyceridaemia.
Arce-Ortiz A, Lobato-Tapia CA, Moreno-Vázquez SE … +6 more , Jiménez-Martínez C, Olivo-Vidal ZE, Corzo-Ríos LJ, García-Melo LF, Sánchez-Chino XM, Gutiérrez-Rebolledo GA
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41744101 · Publisher ↗
L. (Caco) is a fruit tree distributed in tropical areas of Africa and America. Its seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and their consumption could have a positive impact on human health during dyslipidaemias....
L. (Caco) is a fruit tree distributed in tropical areas of Africa and America. Its seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and their consumption could have a positive impact on human health during dyslipidaemias. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Caco seeds in an model of hypertriglyceridaemia induced by Triton WR-1339 (tyloxapol). Phytochemical characterisation revealed saponin and phytic acid contents of 4730 ± 190 µg of saponin equivalents and 1·0 ± 0·05 µg phytic acid equivalents g of sample, respectively. Phenolic acids and flavonoids (ellagic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide and myricetin, among others) were identified by HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) -MS. Aqueous extract of Caco seeds was administered once daily for three consecutive days at two doses (150 and 600 mg/kg) in male CD1 mice, where treatment with 600 mg/kg reduced serum TAG levels by 64 % compared with control, decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and modulated superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in hepatic tissue. Complementary molecular docking analyses suggested a potential interaction of apigenin-7-O-glucuronide with lipid metabolism-related enzymes. These findings indicate that L. seeds may be considered a promising source of bioactive molecules for the treatment and management of early phases of dyslipidaemias, as evidenced in an acute model, but their full potential in chronic stages merits further research.
Associations between phenolic compounds intake and inflammatory markers: cross-sectional analysis from the ELSA-Brasil Cohort.
Carnauba RA, Sarti FM, Marchioni DML … +6 more , de Almeida-Pititto B, Gouvea Ferreira SR, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41744099 · Publisher ↗
Phenolic compounds may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, but evidence on inflammatory markers is limited. This study investigated associations between phenolic compounds intake and ten inflammatory markers in the...
Phenolic compounds may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, but evidence on inflammatory markers is limited. This study investigated associations between phenolic compounds intake and ten inflammatory markers in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The cross-sectional analysis included participants from the full cohort ( 14 151) and a São Paulo subsample ( 681). Food intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ, and phenolic content was estimated from Phenol-Explorer and Brazilian Food Composition Database. Logistic regression models compared the highest . lowest tertiles of phenolic intake for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), E-selectin, transforming growth factor 1, TNF , IL-6, IL-10, fibrinogen and leptin levels. Inflammatory markers were dichotomised as low (tertiles 1-2) or high (tertile 3), except hs-CRP (> 3 mg/l). Multiple testing was corrected using < 0·0036. Mean age was 52·1 years for hs-CRP/GlycA and 45·6 years for other markers. Compared with T1, participants in T3 of total phenolics, phenolic acids and flavonoids had 14 %, 18 % and 18 % lower odds of elevated hs-CRP, respectively. For GlycA, higher intakes of phenolic acids, stilbenes and other phenolics were associated with 18-48 % lower odds of high levels (all ≤ 0·003). Higher intake of hydroxybenzoic acids and stilbenes was associated with lower E-selectin levels, while phenolic acid intake showed an inverse association with MCP-1. No associations were observed for other markers. Higher intakes of phenolic compounds were associated with lower systemic inflammation, suggesting a role in preventing inflammation-related chronic diseases.
Protein-corrected salivary iodide as a potential biomarker of individual iodine status: a proof-of-concept comparison with urinary iodine in groups with contrasting iodine intake.
Alsaeedi EE, Rose P, Bailey EH … +1 more , Welham SJM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41742647 · Publisher ↗
Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is the principal biomarker for assessing iodine status; however, it is subject to marked fluctuations and practical challenges. This proof-of-concept study evaluated protein-corrected s...
Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is the principal biomarker for assessing iodine status; however, it is subject to marked fluctuations and practical challenges. This proof-of-concept study evaluated protein-corrected salivary iodide (SI/P) as a potential alternative biomarker, comparing it with spot UIC in distinguishing between iodine-deficient and iodine-adequate individuals, assessing its responsiveness to short-term dietary iodine restriction and exploring its correlation with 24 h urinary iodine excretion (UIE). Twenty-six participants were categorised into low-iodine ( 17) and high-iodine ( 9) groups based on 24 h UIE collected on Day-1. Postprandial spot urine and unstimulated saliva samples were collected under habitual diet (Day-1) and low-iodine diet (Day-2). SI/P was significantly higher in the high-iodine group at all time points on both Day-1 (post-breakfast [1-PB]: 61·28 . 27·89 µg/g, = 0·03; post-lunch [1-PL]: 71·03 . 27·4 µg/g, = 0·003; post-dinner [1-PD]: 114·13 . 31·58 µg/g, = 0·002) and Day-2 (2-PB: 81·86 . 26·51 µg/g, = 0·013; 2-PL: 54·56 . 18·83 µg/g, < 0·001; 2-PD: 38·2 . 18·79 µg/g, = 0·043), whereas UIC only differed significantly post-dinner on Day-1 (156·15 . 36·63 µg/l, = 0·009). SI/P also showed stronger correlation with 24 h UIE (1-PB: = 0·65, = 0·001; 1-PL: = 0·70, < 0·001; 1-PD: = 0·67, < 0·001; 2-PB: = 0·70, < 0·001; 2-PL: = 0·65, = 0·001; 2-PD: = 0·50, = 0·01) compared with UIC (1-PB: = 0·49, = 0·011; 1-PL: = 0·38, = 0·055; 1-PD: = 0·58, = 0·002; 2-PB: = 0·68, < 0·001; 2-PL: = 0·52, = 0·007; 2-PD: = 0·44, = 0·027). Unlike UIC, which is primarily suited for population-level monitoring, SI/P demonstrated stable performance irrespective of diet/sampling time, suggesting utility as a reliable, individual-level biomarker of iodine status.
Anxiety-metabolism networks in human anorexia nervosa: Responses to caloric and non-caloric meals in the Networks Integrating Anxiety and Metabolism in Anorexia Nervosa (NAMA) randomized trial.
Ekbäck E, Yalçin L, Özalay Ö … +4 more , Granåsen G, Özbaran B, Gönül AS, Lagerlöf O
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41741364 · Publisher ↗
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that is mediated by psychological and metabolic factors, yet it is unclear how these factors interact. The NAMA trial objective is to clarify the metabo-psychiatric interaction...
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that is mediated by psychological and metabolic factors, yet it is unclear how these factors interact. The NAMA trial objective is to clarify the metabo-psychiatric interaction and identify how it affects AN patients' behaviour. This randomised trial will recruit thirty-six treatment-naïve female AN patients, 13-18 years of age, and thirty-six matched healthy controls. Participants will undergo psychiatric assessments followed by 12-h overnight fasting. The next morning, baseline assessments of outcomes will be performed. Patients will be randomly allocated 1:1 to receive a mixture with calories or receive a mixture without calories. Healthy controls will also be allocated to receive mixtures with/without calories. Mixtures will be standardised for taste and appearance, and allocation will be masked. The primary outcome measure is resting-state functional MRI 60 min post-consumption of the mixture. Secondary outcomes include (1) blood samples to study markers reflecting metabolic states, hunger/satiety and stress responses, (2) psychometric evaluations of subjective experiences and (3) assessment, in a second meal 3 h later, of the effects of previous calorie intake on subsequent food consumption. This article describes the study protocol, including the analysis plan, for a randomised controlled trial to comprehensively evaluate the effects of calorie intake in AN. The trial will distinguish psychological and metabolic neuronal networks associated with food intake and uncover how their integration affects food intake and other hallmark symptoms in AN. The aim is to accelerate treatment development by identifying brain mechanisms that drive AN.
Intake of herring oils containing cetoleic acid resulted in a lower serum cholesterol concentration in male obese Zucker rats.
Oldernes H, Hansen A, Mjøs SA … +2 more , Søfteland E, Gudbrandsen OA
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41731924 · Publisher ↗
A high serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration is a major risk factor for CVD, and lifestyle modifications including a healthy diet are among the first-line strategies for lowering cholesterol concentration and reduci...
A high serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration is a major risk factor for CVD, and lifestyle modifications including a healthy diet are among the first-line strategies for lowering cholesterol concentration and reducing CVD risk. Several studies in rodents have demonstrated a lower circulating TC concentration after intake of cetoleic acid (CA, C22:1-11). The primary aim was to investigate the effect of consuming herring oil (HERO) containing CA or a CA concentrate (CECO) on the circulating TC concentration in obese hypercholesterolaemic rats. Secondary aims included investigating effects of CA on a selection of hepatic enzymes and receptors involved in cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis and VLDL assembly. Thirty male obese Zucker rats were fed a diet containing either HERO or CECO, containing 0·70 or 1·40 wt% CA, respectively, or a Control diet with soyabean oil for 5 weeks. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The serum TC concentration was lower in the HERO and CECO groups compared with the Control group (17 and 20 percent, respectively). Both the HERO and the CECO diets down-regulated lipogenesis, cholesterol esterification and lipidation of VLDL in the liver compared with the Control diet, but did not affect the hepatic cholesterol synthesis, the LDL receptor or the faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. To conclude, rats fed the HERO or CECO diets had a lower serum concentration of TC, probably as a result of down-regulated VLDL secretion in response to lower lipogenesis. This may have relevance for lowering TC in hypercholesterolaemic humans.
Reply to 'Comment on "Who needs family meals? The association between shared meals and dietary quality among Finnish children, fathers and mothers"'.
Vepsäläinen H, Lehto R, Roos E … +2 more , Ray C, Erkkola M
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41715998 · Publisher ↗
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