The British Journal Of Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Comment on "Who needs family meals? The association between shared meals and dietary quality among Finnish children, fathers and mothers".
Kulshrestha S
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41715994 · Publisher ↗
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Antioxidant-rich and fibre-enhanced diets reduce liver fibrosis risk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: latent class analysis of a cohort study.
Ranjbar M, Shadzi MR, Mirhosseini SA … +5 more , Rahimlou M, Ansari A, Kardeh S, Tabrizi R, Keshavarz P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41705698 · Publisher ↗
Dietary patterns are increasingly recognised as crucial factors influencing the progression of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns an...
Dietary patterns are increasingly recognised as crucial factors influencing the progression of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and MASLD risk among adults, using latent class analysis (LCA), to our knowledge, for the first time in this context. This cross-sectional study included 8549 adults from the general population. Dietary intake data were collected using a validated FFQ and analysed with Nutritionist IV software. A 3-step LCA was applied to determine distinct dietary patterns among participants using micro- and macronutrients. Liver fibrosis severity was evaluated using a validated non-invasive marker, FIB-4 Score. Our analysis identified three distinct dietary patterns, each significantly associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Class 1 (high-volume, high-fibre/mineral-rich pattern) was associated with the lowest risk of liver fibrosis. Compared with Class 1, participants in Class 2 (moderate volume, low-fibre/high-Na/mineral-poor pattern) (OR = 1·24; = 0·002) and Class 3 (restricted volume, nutrient-depleted pattern) (OR = 1·13; = 0·027) had significantly higher odds of moderate-to-high liver fibrosis risk. Class-specific regression analysis showed that age and smoking were the most consistent predictors of fibrosis risk across all patterns. Dietary patterns rich in antioxidants, fibre and essential micronutrients appear effective in reducing the risk of liver fibrosis. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and determine practical clinical applications.
Circulating fatty acids and osteoarthritis: evidence from observational and genetic analyses.
Zhou J, Zhao X, Han T … +17 more , Sha L, Xiang R, Lei B, Zhu J, Zou Y, Tan Z, Qu Y, Hou J, Deng Q, Zheng S, Yu T, Ma X, Song X, Yang B, Zhang D, Fan M, Jiang X
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41693300 · Publisher ↗
Dysregulation of fatty acids metabolism has been associated with the risk of osteoarthritis (OA), yet current evidence from epidemiological or genetic studies remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic...
Dysregulation of fatty acids metabolism has been associated with the risk of osteoarthritis (OA), yet current evidence from epidemiological or genetic studies remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic association and genetic architecture between total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), MUFA, PUFA and OA. Leveraging individual-level data from the UK Biobank, combined with the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies of fatty acids ( 136 016) and OA ( 826 690) in European individuals, we implemented a comprehensive analytical framework. This included observational and genetic analyses, incorporating phenotypic associations, genetic correlations, cross-trait meta-analysis, enrichment analysis and Mendelian randomisation (MR). Observational analysis identified SFA as a risk factor, while MUFA and PUFA as protective factors for OA. Despite a lack of genome-wide genetic correlation, statistically significant local signals were detected within three specific genomic regions. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified sixty-eight pleiotropic loci shared between fatty acids and OA, of which nine were novel. Enrichment analysis revealed the shared genes were enriched in lipoprotein metabolism, immune response and inflammation regulation pathways. Two-sample MR provided evidence for a causal relationship of MUFA and PUFA on OA that survived false discovery rate correction. This study supports associations between circulating fatty acids and OA, with MUFA and PUFA exerting a protective role. Our findings provide new perspectives into OA prevention especially regarding the potential dietary interventions.
Folate and B status in women during British Army basic training: a prospective cohort study exploring implications for endurance performance and bone density and metabolism.
O'Leary TJ, Waters HL, Coombs CV … +8 more , Jackson S, Izard RM, Walsh NP, Carswell AT, Oliver SJ, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Greeves JP
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41681088 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated changes in serum folate and B, and associations with endurance performance and bone outcomes, in women during military training. Women ( 137) had serum folate and B, haematological markers and end...
This study investigated changes in serum folate and B, and associations with endurance performance and bone outcomes, in women during military training. Women ( 137) had serum folate and B, haematological markers and endurance performance (2·4 km run) measured at the start (week 1) and end (week 13) of British Army basic training. Whole-body areal bone mineral density and markers of bone metabolism were measured at week 1. Training decreased serum folate (mean change (95 % CI), -2·3 (-3·0, -1·6) nmol ∙ l, < 0·001), B (-16 (-32, 0) pmol ∙ l, = 0·042), Hb (-0·7 (-0·9, -0·5) g ∙ dl, < 0·001) and erythrocyte count (-0·2 (-0·3, -0·2) × 10^9 ∙ l, < 0·001), but had no effect on mean corpuscular volume ( = 0·438) or erythrocyte distribution width ( = 0·088). There was no association between serum folate, serum B, Hb or erythrocyte count with run time ( ≥ 0·518). Serum B was not associated with areal bone mineral density or bone metabolism at week 1 ( ≥ 0·152). Higher serum folate was associated with lower plasma c-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen (standardised (95 % CI) = -0·31 (-0·48, -0·15), < 0·001), but not whole-body bone mineral density or plasma procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide ( ≥ 0·152). Serum folate and B decreased after military training in women, resulting in a high prevalence of folate deficiencies at the end of training. Low serum folate may contribute to increased bone resorption, the implications of which are unclear.
Vitamin A intake and status and associations with iron status, anaemia and birth outcomes of pregnant women in the Free State Province, South Africa: the Nutritional Status of Expectant Mothers and their newborn Infants (NuEMI) study.
Carboo JA, Ngounda J, Baumgartner J … +3 more , Robb L, Jordaan EM, Walsh CM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41681086 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is common among pregnant women (PW) and has been associated with anaemia and adverse birth outcomes. However, in the Free State Province of South Africa, evidence regarding this is limited. Hen...
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is common among pregnant women (PW) and has been associated with anaemia and adverse birth outcomes. However, in the Free State Province of South Africa, evidence regarding this is limited. Hence, this cross-sectional study investigated the vitamin A (vitA) intake and status of PW in Bloemfontein and its association with anaemia, iron status and birth outcomes. Blood was taken from 427 PW to assess the status of vitA (retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)), iron (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)) and anaemia (Hb). Sociodemographic, HIV, birth outcomes (birthweight and gestational age) and dietary vitA intake data were obtained using a questionnaire in an interview and medical records. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to describe variables and the association between vitA and iron status and birth outcomes. Median vitA intake was 1007 µgRAE/d with 19 % of participants' intake below the estimated average requirement of 550 µgRAE/d. Median (IQR) RBP4 was 1·51 (0·78) µmol/l. Insufficient vitA status and VAD prevalence were 12·2 % and 1·2 %, respectively. VitA intake was positively associated with RBP4 ( = 0·068; 95 % CI 0·020, 0·116; P = 0·006). RBP4 was positively associated with Hb ( = 0·363; 95 % CI 0·186, 0·539; P < 0·001) and ferritin ( = 0·359; 95 % CI 0·139, 0·579; P = 0·001) but negatively with sTfR ( = -0·125; 95 % CI -0·246, -0·005; P = 0·041). No significant association between plasma RBP4 and birth weight, as well as preterm birth, was observed. There was a low prevalence of VAD in the study population. Nonetheless, the positive association between RBP4 and Hb and ferritin highlights the importance of optimal vitA status in preventing anaemia in pregnancy.
The associations of plasma carotenoids and -tocopherol concentrations with fasting glucose in Cameroon.
Mba CM, Koulman A, Jones KS … +6 more , Forouhi NG, Imamura F, Meadows SR, Assah F, Mbanya JC, Wareham NJ
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41672923 · Publisher ↗
Previous estimations of the associations between fruits and vegetables (F/V) intake with diabetes markers showed mixed results, possibly partly because of the subjective assessment of dietary intake. We aimed to examine...
Previous estimations of the associations between fruits and vegetables (F/V) intake with diabetes markers showed mixed results, possibly partly because of the subjective assessment of dietary intake. We aimed to examine the relationship between plasma carotenoids and -tocopherol (as objective markers of F/V intake) and fasting glucose. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in 592 adults in Cameroon. Self-reported F/V intake was assessed using the WHO STEPS questionnaire, and the biomarkers were analysed by HPLC. The mean age of participants was 38·5 (sd 8·6) years (63·7 % women). The median (IQR) number of times participants self-reported consuming fruits in a typical week was 2(1-5) and vegetables was 4(2-7) times/week. Plasma total carotenoids was positively correlated with self-reported intake of fruits ( = 0·13) and vegetables ( = 0·29), both -values < 0·01. In unadjusted analysis, the difference in fasting glucose comparing the highest against the lowest tertile of the biomarkers concentrations was -0·28 (95 % CI -0·56, -0·001) mmol/l for total carotenoids and -0·31 (-0·59, -0·03) mmol/l for plasma -carotene. The associations became stronger after adjusting for sociodemographics, lifesyle factors and cholesterol (-0·36 (-0·73, -0·002) mmol/l for total carotenoids and -0·41 (-0·79, -0·03) mmol/l for -carotene). There was no evidence of an association between -tocopherol and fasting glucose. We showed an inverse association of total carotenoids and -carotene, objective indicators of F/V intake, with fasting glucose; suggesting that higher F/V intake may be beneficial for diabetes prevention in African populations where F/V intake is low.
Prenatal maternal selenium plasma concentration and motor development in early infancy.
Ranjitkar S, Hysing M, Chandyo RK … +6 more , Strand TA, Averina M, Ulak M, Bakken KS, Huber S, Kvestad I
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41667217 · Publisher ↗
Se is an important micronutrient that plays a key role in brain development. Only a few studies have explored the associations between prenatal maternal Se concentration and motor development in early infancy. We have pr...
Se is an important micronutrient that plays a key role in brain development. Only a few studies have explored the associations between prenatal maternal Se concentration and motor development in early infancy. We have previously described that 36 % of pregnant Nepalese women had Se concentration below the cut-off of 71·1 µg/l in early pregnancy. In the current cohort study, we aimed to describe the association between maternal plasma Se concentration and infant motor development measured at 8–12 weeks of age. From a cohort of 800 Nepalese mother–infant pairs, we included 711 dyads with available data on maternal Se concentration and motor development scores. Maternal Se concentration was measured in plasma samples collected within 15 weeks of gestation using inductively coupled plasma MS. Motor development was measured by the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP). We examined the association between Se concentration and the TIMP scores in regression models adjusted for age of the mother and socioeconomic status. There was no association between maternal Se concentration and the TIMP scores (coefficient for the total TIMP score: −0·035 (95 % CI: −0·105, 0·036). In conclusion, even though a considerable proportion of the women had Se concentration below the cut-off of 71·1 µg/l, there was no association between maternal Se concentration and early motor development in their infants. Our findings do not support Se supplementation during pregnancy to enhance early infant motor development. However, Se may still be essential for other aspects of maternal and infant health.
Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and reduction in breast cancer risk: results of a large-scale case-control study in Morocco.
Lamchabbek N, Mrah S, Mane N … +12 more , Elattabi C, El Badisy I, Bour A, El M'rabet FZ, Najdi A, Mellas N, Bendahou K, Boutayeb S, Belyamani L, Faure E, Huybrechts I, Khalis M
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41667216 · Publisher ↗
Limited evidence exists on the combined effects of lifestyle factors on breast cancer (BC) risk, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the World Cancer...
Limited evidence exists on the combined effects of lifestyle factors on breast cancer (BC) risk, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and BC risk among Moroccan women. We conducted a large case-control study including 1,400 cases and 1,400 matched controls (by age and place of residence) between 2019 and 2023. A structured general questionnaire and a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire were used for data collection. Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations was assessed using a score ranging from 0 to 7, comprising seven components covering dietary patterns, physical activity, healthy weight, and breastfeeding. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI, accounting for potential confounding variables. For each one-point increase in the WCRF/AICR adherence score, the odds of BC decreased by 67 % overall (OR = 0·33; 95 % CI: 0·29-0·37). This inverse association was consistent among both premenopausal women (OR = 0·29; 95 % CI: 0·24-0·35) and postmenopausal women (OR = 0·35; 95 % CI: 0·30-0·41). Analysis of individual recommendations indicated that physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, breastfeeding, consuming a plant-rich diet, and limiting the intake of fast and other processed foods were the main drivers of the observed inverse association with BC. In conclusion, greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in Morocco. Prevention strategies should incorporate comprehensive interventions targeting multiple lifestyle factors.
Association between red meat intake and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of US adults (NHANES 2003-2016).
Ba DM, Zhang Y, Qiu T … +4 more , Raja-Khan N, Pichardo-Lowden A, Gao X, Chinchilli VM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41667215 · Full text
Greater consumption of red meat has been linked to a higher risk of mortality and chronic diseases, including diabetes. We aim to examine the associations between total, processed and unprocessed red meat intake and diab...
Greater consumption of red meat has been linked to a higher risk of mortality and chronic diseases, including diabetes. We aim to examine the associations between total, processed and unprocessed red meat intake and diabetes and to evaluate the substitution effects of other protein sources for red meat on diabetes. This population-based cross-sectional study utilised data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016. Diabetes was defined as a self-reported diagnosis by a physician or other health professional, having a fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher, an HbA1c level of 6·5 % or higher, or the use of antidiabetic drugs. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted. The study included 34 737 adult participants (mean (sd) age of 45·8 (17·5) years) from NHANES 2003-2016. After adjusting for major confounders, compared with the first quintile, higher intakes of total, processed and unprocessed red meat were positively associated with higher odds of diabetes, with adjusted OR of 1·49 (95 % CI 1·22, 1·81), 1·47 (95 % CI 1·17, 1·84) and 1·24 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·44), respectively. The corresponding -trend values were (< 0.001, 0.001, and 0.006). In this nationally representative sample of US adults, participants in the highest quintiles of total, processed and unprocessed red meat intake had higher odds of diabetes than those in the lowest quintile. Substituting 1 serving/d of dietary protein from foods of plant origin (including nuts, seeds, legumes and soya) for total, processed or unprocessed red meat was associated with 9 % to 14 % lower odds of diabetes.
Dietary protein intake and grip strength in Japanese municipal workers.
Yamasaki Y, Ohta M, Nagano M … +2 more , Umeki Y, Nanri A
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41667213 · Publisher ↗
Grip strength is a simple and practical method for evaluating overall muscle strength and a key health biomarker that is linked to sarcopenia, chronic conditions and overall mortality. Although protein intake plays a vit...
Grip strength is a simple and practical method for evaluating overall muscle strength and a key health biomarker that is linked to sarcopenia, chronic conditions and overall mortality. Although protein intake plays a vital role in muscle protein synthesis, its association with grip strength in adults remains unclear. This study examined the cross-sectional relationship between total, animal and plant protein intake and grip strength among local government workers in Japan. Participants were 349 workers (175 men and 174 women; mean age, 42·9 years; range, 19-71 years) who received a health check-up and participated in a nutrition and health survey. Protein intake was assessed using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Grip strength was measured with a digital dynamometer. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted means of grip strength according to the tertile of protein intake. Higher animal protein intake was significantly associated with higher grip strength in women, but not in men. After adjustment for covariates including lifestyle and dietary factors, mean (95 % CI) grip strength for the lowest through highest tertile of animal protein intake was 24·6 (21·7, 27·5) kg, 25·8 (22·9, 28·7) kg and 26·8 (23·7, 29·9) kg ( = 0·015) in women. No association was found between total and plant protein intake and grip strength in either men or women. These findings suggest that animal protein is important for muscle strength in women, with potential sex differences in the relationship between protein intake and grip strength.
Big breakfast diet composition impacts on appetite control and gut health: a randomised weight loss trial in adults with overweight or obesity.
Fyfe C, Donachie G, Louis P … +6 more , Horgan GW, Mayer C, Ruddick-Collins L, Farquharson F, Walker AW, Johnstone AM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41667211 · Publisher ↗
Growing evidence supports early eating to control appetite and energy balance but there are few controlled studies to assess the amount and/or type of breakfast meal. This randomised, within-participant, diet interventio...
Growing evidence supports early eating to control appetite and energy balance but there are few controlled studies to assess the amount and/or type of breakfast meal. This randomised, within-participant, diet intervention examined the effects of higher-fibre (HF) and higher-protein (HP) breakfasts in adults with overweight/obesity. Nineteen healthy adults consumed two randomised 28-d weight loss (WL) diets, as higher-fibre (HFWL) or higher protein (HPWL), with all food provided. Both WL diets were designed as 45 %, 35 % and 20 % of calories to be consumed in the morning, afternoon and evening, respectively. The primary outcome was energy balance, analysed by body weight changes. The secondary outcomes were gut health (assessed by changes in faecal microbiota composition and microbial metabolite concentrations) and subjective appetite assessed with visual analogue scales. There was a diet effect on WL, with mean loss of -4·87 kg and -3·87 kg for the HFWL and HPWL diets, respectively ( = 0·002). The HPWL diet was superior to the HFWL diet for suppressing subjective appetite ( = 0·003). The faecal microbiota analysis showed beneficial groups of bacteria, including bifidobacteria, and the butyrate producers and , were significantly increased in proportional abundance on the HFWL diet. Breakfast composition has an important role in influencing subjective appetite with the HP diet promoting greater feelings of satiety. The proportional abundance of putatively beneficial groups of gut microbiota was markedly higher on the fibre-enriched diet, which may be preferable for gut health.
Association of dietary long-chain -3 fatty acid intake with depression severity in USA adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.
Varre JV, Márquez-Velarde G, Suárez M … +3 more , Wengreen HJ, Dustin M, van Vliet S
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41664473 · Publisher ↗
Depression affects over 280 million people worldwide. Long-chain -3 fatty acids may relate to depression, but observational evidence is inconsistent. This cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Exa...
Depression affects over 280 million people worldwide. Long-chain -3 fatty acids may relate to depression, but observational evidence is inconsistent. This cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021-2023 examined the association between dietary long-chain -3 intake and depression severity in USA adults ≥ 18 years with complete dietary, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and covariate data ( 3608). PHQ-9 severity categories (0-4 to 20-27) served as the main outcome. Total -3 (α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, DPA and DHA) from 24-h recalls (Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2021-2023) served as the exposure; supplements were excluded, and supplement use was a binary covariate. Survey-weighted ordinal logistic regression (svyolr) was used with all continuous variables centred/scaled (OR per 1 sd). Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity (collapsed for sparse cells), income:poverty ratio, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and -3 supplement use. Higher total -3 intake was inversely associated with depression severity (OR 0·865 per 1 sd, 95 % CI 0·761, 0·983, = 0·026). EPA showed a significant inverse association (OR 0·907, 95 % CI 0·824, 0·998, = 0·045); ALA, DPA and DHA were NS. No interaction by sex ( = 0·656) or race/ethnicity ( = 0·155). Sensitivity analyses: excluding supplement users ( 3093) OR 0·872 (95 % CI 0·773, 0·984, = 0·026); two recalls only ( 3229) OR 0·847 (95 % CI 0·751, 0·955, = 0·007). Dietary -3 intake, particularly EPA, was modestly and inversely associated with depression severity. Residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible; longitudinal studies with biomarkers are needed.
Association of the percentage contribution of food and beverage consumption at dinner and evening snack with overweight in Brazilian schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.
Vermohlem Garcia ML, Pereira LJ, Vieira FGK … +1 more , Hinnig PF
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41664472 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to verify whether a higher percentage contribution of food and beverage consumption at dinner and evening snack was associated with overweight in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. Cross-sect...
This study aimed to verify whether a higher percentage contribution of food and beverage consumption at dinner and evening snack was associated with overweight in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study conducted with schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from the Prevalence Study of Obesity in Children and Adolescents of Florianopolis/SC. Weight and height were measured individually by trained researchers. The assessment of the weight status of the schoolchildren was conducted using the BMI, classified according to the Z-score for age. The self-reported food consumption was obtained through the online Web-CAAFE questionnaire. Multivariate logistic was used to verify the association between the percentage contribution of food groups in the dinner and evening snack meals with overweight. A total of 1379 schoolchildren participated in the study, of which 33·8 % were overweight. It was observed that a higher percentage contribution of meat, eggs, and seafood consumption at dinner was positively associated with overweight (OR: 1·61; 95 % CI: 1·27, 2·04); = 0·001). In contrast, a higher percentage contribution of water consumption at dinner and dairy products and sugary drinks at the evening snack were negatively associated with overweight (OR: 0·67; OR: 0·61; and OR: 0·67, respectively). It is concluded that a higher percentage contribution of food groups in schoolchildren's diet at dinner and evening snack is associated with overweight. However, further studies are recommended to assess food consumption in schoolchildren during dinner and evening snack meals for more conclusive findings.
Serum ferritin levels in a sample of older participants in the Greek HYDRIA survey: associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters including dietary iron intake and Mediterranean diet score.
Papatesta EM, Vourli G, Peppa E … +3 more , Patsis I, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Trichopoulou A
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41664457 · Publisher ↗
Iron deficiency (ID) represents the most prevalent nutritional disorder and a major public health concern. As part of the HYDRIA 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition study, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally rep...
Iron deficiency (ID) represents the most prevalent nutritional disorder and a major public health concern. As part of the HYDRIA 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition study, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of adults in Greece, serum ferritin levels (SFL) were measured in participants aged ≥ 55 years, and dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls per participant. The study aimed to evaluate SFL, determine the prevalence of ID among older adults and explore associations with dietary iron intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Among individuals over 55 years, ID prevalence was 6·5 % for SFL < 15 ng/ml and 12·7 % for SFL < 30 ng/ml. SFL were significantly associated with sex and age ( < 0·001), with men showing higher SFL than women. Advancing age, particularly among individuals over 74 years, increased the risk of ID. Dietary iron intake declined with age, and women had significantly lower intake than men ( < 0·001). Overall, 57·2 % of participants had inadequate daily iron intake. SFL were not associated with total or haem iron intake. High adherence to MD was associated with higher energy-adjusted total iron intake but lower haem iron intake. Weighted logistic regression for SFL < 15 ng/ml showed that MD adherence was significantly associated with reduced odds of ID ( = 0·007), likely due to the protective effect of intermediate adherence (OR = 0·10, = 0·002). Conclusively, while ID prevalence among older adults in Greece is low, over half of the population presents inadequate daily iron intake, especially women. High adherence to MD may have a protective effect against ID.
Nutritional support strategies for patients with dysphagia after stroke: comparison of dehydration risk between intermittent tube feeding and thickened feeding.
Li M, Yu H, Li M … +3 more , Cui Y, Shen J, Chen S
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41657221 · Publisher ↗
This study is a prospective observational study to systematically compare the effects of intermittent tube feeding and thickened feeding on dehydration status, thirst degree and quality of life in patients with dysphagia...
This study is a prospective observational study to systematically compare the effects of intermittent tube feeding and thickened feeding on dehydration status, thirst degree and quality of life in patients with dysphagia after stroke. A total of forty-eight patients with dysphagia after stroke were selected and divided into intermittent tube feeding group (twenty-four cases) and thickened feeding group (twenty-four cases). The grouping was based on the nutritional intake mode after clinical decision-making. Participants were selected from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. All enrolled patients received conventional treatment and nursing measures and were treated for 2 weeks. The dehydration status was evaluated by plasma osmotic pressure. The degree of thirst is evaluated by the Numerical Rate Scale. Total protein and Hb are used to assess nutritional status; The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) assesses swallowing function. The Swallowing Quality of Life Scale (SWAL-QOL) was used to assess the quality of life. After 2 weeks of treatment, the improvement in dehydration and thirst in intermittent tube feeding group was better than that in thickened feeding group ( < 0·05). The FOIS and SWAL-QOL scores of both groups of patients improved compared with those before treatment ( < 0·05). Intermittent tube feeding can improve the dehydration status of patients with dysphagia after stroke, relieve thirst and enhance swallowing function and quality of life. The study may provide a more comprehensive basis for the selection of clinical nutritional support plans.
Intravenous amino acid supplementation reduces 28-d mortality in sepsis: a retrospective cohort study from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database and Mendelian randomisation analysis.
Wang Q, Ma Y, Zhao Y … +3 more , Wang J, Han Y, Huang H
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41657201 · Publisher ↗
Sepsis-related deaths remain prevalent in intensive care settings, with metabolic dysregulation as a key contributor. Although amino acid supplementation has shown promise, its clinical effectiveness in sepsis is unclear...
Sepsis-related deaths remain prevalent in intensive care settings, with metabolic dysregulation as a key contributor. Although amino acid supplementation has shown promise, its clinical effectiveness in sepsis is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of intravenous amino acid administration on 28-d mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) sepsis patients using retrospective cohort analysis and Mendelian randomisation (MR). We analysed data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database, matching 726 patients (363 per group) using propensity scores. The association between amino acid supplementation and mortality was assessed using logistic regression, Cox regression and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). Two-sample MR was used to explore causal links between twenty common amino acids and sepsis mortality. In the cohort analysis, amino acid supplementation was consistently associated with significantly reduced 28-d mortality across all analytical methods (logistic regression: OR = 0·48, < 0·01; Cox regression: HR = 0·48, < 0·01; TMLE: average treatment effect = -0·102, < 0·01). In contrast, the MR analysis did not find a significant causal association for any single amino acid after correction for multiple comparisons; although glycine showed a nominal protective signal, it did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction. This dual-method study demonstrates a strong association between compound amino acid infusions and reduced mortality in sepsis but did not identify any single amino acid as a robust causal mediator. These findings suggest the benefit may arise from a synergistic effect, highlighting the need for randomised controlled trials to validate these observational results and optimise nutritional strategies.
Multiple analysis of the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Western China.
Sun Y, Yu L, Guo H … +1 more , Liu Y
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41645691 · Publisher ↗
Nutrition is crucial for the growth of children and adolescents. This study investigated multiple nutritional problems and influencing factors among 2423 students aged 6-17 years in Guizhou Province, using questionnaire...
Nutrition is crucial for the growth of children and adolescents. This study investigated multiple nutritional problems and influencing factors among 2423 students aged 6-17 years in Guizhou Province, using questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and blood tests. Multifactorial logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to identify determinants of overnutrition and undernutrition. The results showed a distinct profile compared with national averages: wasting was more prevalent (9·6 %), while overweight (8·6 %) and obesity (5·0 %) were less common. Notably, hyperuricaemia (27·6 %) and Zn deficiency (17·9 %) were elevated, whereas classical metabolic syndrome (2·3 %) was lower, delineating a regional pattern that prioritises these emerging and micronutrient issues. Marginal vitamin A deficiency (17·2 %) and vitamin D inadequacy (50·9 %) remained significant. Older age (11-17 years) was a strong risk factor for overnutrition-related disorders and hyperuricaemia (All < 0·001). Overweight/obesity increased risks of hyperuricaemia and metabolic syndrome (All < 0·001). Being female was a major risk factor for undernutrition (prevalence ratio = 1·27, 95 % CI: 1·19, 1·35, < 0·001) and vitamin D deficiency (adjusted OR = 2·51, 95 % CI: 2·10, 3·00, < 0·001), but a protective factor against hyperuricaemia (adjusted OR = 0·34, 95 % CI: 0·27, 0·41, < 0·001). Frequent sugary drink consumption (≥ 3/week) elevated hyperuricaemia risk (adjusted OR = 1·33, 95 % CI: 1·05, 1·69, = 0·020). This study underscores a complex double burden of malnutrition in western China, characterised by specific priority areas, and necessitates tailored, multi-component interventions such as limiting sugary drinks and focusing nutrition support on adolescent girls.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis . dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing segmental body composition in healthy adults.
Aliakbari M, Almusawy A, Jalilpiran Y … +5 more , Afzalzadeh-Naeini F, Lorzadeh Amin H, Amiri SM, Zebari S, Djafarian K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41645686 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between three body composition devices and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing segmental body composition among healthy Iranian adults. This comparative study re...
This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between three body composition devices and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing segmental body composition among healthy Iranian adults. This comparative study recruited 62 healthy adults (33 men and 29 women) from Tehran, Iran, using a convenience sampling approach. Socio-demographic data were collected, and segmental body composition was assessed using several devices, including the InBody 770, Anea bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), Tanita BC-418 and DXA. Agreement between DXA and the BIA devices was evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Additionally, Bland-Altman plots and mean percentage error were applied to assess the consistency between the two methods. The Anea, InBody 770 and Tanita BC-418 devices showed strong correlation with DXA for all segmental measurements ( ≥ 0·74, < 0·05). Moderate agreement (CCC: 0·90 ≤ CCC < 0·95) with the DXA method was found for some segments using the Anea (trunk fat mass, arms fat-free mass, legs fat-free mass and trunk fat-free mass) and the InBody 770 (trunk lean body mass and trunk fat mass) devices. The estimation of legs fat mass was the least accurate across all BIA devices. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that the BIA devices provided more precise results in men and in individuals with a BMI < 25·00 kg/m. The Anea BIA and InBody 770 devices show relatively acceptable validity for segmental body composition assessment. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of a combined lower carbohydrate and Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome severity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Cyriac T, Oetsch K, Meyer BJ … +4 more , Probst YC, Roach LA, do Rosario V, Francois ME
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41645677 · Publisher ↗
The Mediterranean diet and a low-carbohydrate diet are two popular dietary approaches recommended for cardiovascular and metabolic health, respectively. This trial will compare the combined effect of these diets to eithe...
The Mediterranean diet and a low-carbohydrate diet are two popular dietary approaches recommended for cardiovascular and metabolic health, respectively. This trial will compare the combined effect of these diets to either approach alone for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Males and females ( 222), 30-75 years, with at least three MetS risk factors, will be randomised to one of three diets: (i) traditional Mediterranean (∼55 % of energy carbohydrate:15 % protein:30 % fat), (ii) lower carbohydrate (∼35 % carbohydrate:20 % protein:45 % fat) or (iii) lower carbohydrate Mediterranean (∼35 % carbohydrate:20 % protein:45 % fat) diet for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the MetS severity Z score, a composite score of risk factors, sex and ethnicity. MetS severity Z score will be calculated pre- and post-intervention using fasted blood samples for plasma TAG, HDL-cholesterol and glucose, systolic blood pressure, body weight and waist circumference measures. The findings from this trial will offer new insights into the most effective dietary strategy for managing diabetes and reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with MetS.
Associations between maternal fish intakes, maternal and cord PUFA and longitudinal measures of child weight at birth, 20 months and at 7 and 13 years of age.
McMullan JE, Yeates AJ, Allsopp PJ … +10 more , Mulhern MS, Conway MC, Spence T, Strain JJ, van Wijngaarden E, Myers G, Shroff E, Henderson J, Shamlaye C, McSorley EM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41640048 · Full text
Prenatal exposure to PUFA has been associated with child weight at birth and may have a persistent effect on adiposity development across childhood. Fish is the richest dietary source of n-3 PUFA, albeit few studies have...
Prenatal exposure to PUFA has been associated with child weight at birth and may have a persistent effect on adiposity development across childhood. Fish is the richest dietary source of n-3 PUFA, albeit few studies have investigated associations between maternal fish consumption during pregnancy and child weight. This study examines associations between maternal fish consumption and prenatal PUFA status (-3 and -6), with longitudinal measures of child weight in the high fish-eating Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2. Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy was assessed using a Fish Use Questionnaire administered at 28 weeks' gestation. Serum PUFA were quantified in maternal blood collected at 28 weeks' gestation and in cord blood collected at delivery. Birth weight was measured at delivery and classified according to WHO growth standards ( 1185). Child length/height (m) and weight (kg) were recorded at 20 months ( 1182), 7 ( 1167) and 13 ( 878) years. Child BMI was classified according to -scores. Maternal total fish consumption (range: 0·0-584·71 g/d) was not associated with child weight at any age. At 7 and 13 years, maternal total -6 PUFA were associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity (7 years; OR = 1·62, = 0·037, 13 years; OR = 2·05, = 0·005). Lower (<0·071 mg/ml) cord DHA concentrations were associated with a greater likelihood of being large for gestational age (LGA; >90th percentile) when compared with higher (>0·129 mg/ml) cord DHA concentrations (OR 4·17, = 0·017). This study suggests that prenatal maternal -3 and -6 PUFA status may influence postnatal outcomes, including child adiposity from birth until adolescence.
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