The British Journal Of Nutrition[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
A modified Delphi to inform development of a multidimensional diet quality score for a sustainable healthy diet.
Denniss E, Lawrence M, McNaughton SA … +2 more , Livingstone K, Machado P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41634912 · Publisher ↗
No existing dietary metric simultaneously captures key dimensions of sustainable healthy diets (SHD): dietary variety, intake of animal products and extent of food processing. This methods and construct development study...
No existing dietary metric simultaneously captures key dimensions of sustainable healthy diets (SHD): dietary variety, intake of animal products and extent of food processing. This methods and construct development study aimed to identify indicators of an SHD that can be used to inform a multidimensional diet quality score. A modified Delphi was used to gain expert consensus regarding the development of an SHD score. Three iterative surveys were conducted between November 2022 and May 2023. Surveys asked participants' opinions regarding the measurement of the three dimensions of SHD (Dimension 1: variety of unprocessed and minimally processed foods; Dimension 2: intake of animal products; and Dimension 3: intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF)) and weighting and aggregation of a score that assesses these three dimensions. Thirteen international experts completed all three surveys. Consensus from experts led to the identification of food-based indicators of SHD. Experts agreed that Dimension 1 should be comprised of twelve food groups, with food groups and scoring ranges informed by the Global Diet Quality Score; Dimension 2 comprised of five food groups with scoring ranges informed by the EAT-Lancet planetary health diet; and Dimension 3 as one food group measured as a cut-off value of ≤10 % energy from UPF. There was consensus that each dimension should be equally weighted. Outcomes from this work have been used to inform the development and validation of a multidimensional diet quality score to assess the healthfulness and environmental sustainability of diets among healthy adult populations.
Association between healthy lifestyle score and thyroid function biomarkers in adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
Cheng X, Chen X, Yan L … +2 more , Yang J, Zhao Y
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41634904 · Publisher ↗
The current study was designed to examine the association between a composite healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and thyroid function biomarkers among American adults. This cross-sectional study utilised data from 5693 adults...
The current study was designed to examine the association between a composite healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and thyroid function biomarkers among American adults. This cross-sectional study utilised data from 5693 adults aged ≥ 18 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012 cycles. A HLS (range 0-6) was constructed based on six modifiable factors: non-smoking, no heavy alcohol intake, normal BMI (18·5-24·9 kg/m), high physical activity (upper tertile of metabolic equivalent-min/week), adequate sleep (7-9 h/night) and appropriate energy intake. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free and total thyroxine (FT4, TT4), free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid antibodies (TPOAb, TgAb) were measured. Multivariable linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors was used to assess associations. In fully adjusted models, each one-point increase in HLS was associated with lower serum FT4 ( = -0·07 ng/dl; 95 % CI: -0·10, -0·03; < 0·001) and TT4 ( = -0·11 µg/dl; 95 % CI: -0·15, -0·06; < 0·001). Compared with participants with an HLS of 0-1, those with HLS 4-6 had lower FT4 ( = -0·20; 95 % CI: -0·30, -0·09; < 0·001) and TT4 ( = -0·36; 95 % CI: -0·49, -0·22; < 0·001). Associations for other thyroid markers were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons ( > 0·05). A healthier lifestyle is inversely associated with serum FT4 and TT4 levels, highlighting potential links between modifiable behaviours and thyroid physiology.
Oral lactoferrin reduces systemic inflammation, enhances anti-viral responses and modulates immune cell profiles: a randomised controlled trial in healthy, older adults.
Berthon BS, Williams EJ, Williams LM … +4 more , Budden KF, Hiles SA, Bartlett NW, Wood LG
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41634901 · Full text
This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of a 4-week, high-dose (Lf-High, 600 mg/d) or low-dose (Lf-Low, 200 mg/d) oral lactoferrin (Lf) intervention . placebo on immune cell responses to respiratory virus, i...
This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of a 4-week, high-dose (Lf-High, 600 mg/d) or low-dose (Lf-Low, 200 mg/d) oral lactoferrin (Lf) intervention . placebo on immune cell responses to respiratory virus, immune cell subsets and systemic inflammation. In healthy older adults ( 103, ≥50 years old), cytokine release of interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α from rhinovirus A-16 (RV-16) or influenza A virus (H1N1) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, circulating immune cell subsets, and plasma IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α were assessed. Ninety-seven participants completed the 4-week intervention (Lf-High 32, Lf-Low 31, placebo 34, withdrawals 6). There was no difference in RV-16 or H1N1-induced IFN-γ release between groups. RV-16-induced IL-6 was lower in Lf-High . placebo ( = 0·001), and RV-16-induced IFN-α2 was higher in Lf-High . Lf-Low ( = 0·04). Lf-High increased total T cells ( = 0·03) and CD4 T cells ( = 0·03) . placebo. Lf-Low reduced neutrophil ( = 0·04), natural killer cell ( = 0·045), activated CD8 T cell ( = 0·03) and γδ T cell ( = 0·03) frequency . placebo. Plasma IL-6 ( = 0·004) and CRP ( = 0·03) were lower following Lf-High . Lf-Low, but not placebo. Both high- and low-dose Lf altered immune cell responses after 4 weeks. High-dose increased T-cell subsets, promoting adaptive immunity, and reduced systemic inflammation, while low-dose reduced proinflammatory and cytotoxic immune cells. High- and low-dose Lf supplements may have immunoceutical benefits in older adults.
Prenatal folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels and child brain volumes, cognitive development and psychological functioning: the Generation R Study - CORRIGENDUM.
Ars CL, Nijs IM, El Marroun H … +10 more , Muetzel R, Schmidt M, Steenweg-de Graaff J, van der Lugt A, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Steegers EA, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41626701 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Dietary intake and diet quality of Canadian elementary schoolchildren accessing school food programmes: a cross-sectional study.
Dabravolskaj J, Grubic N, Veugelers PJ … +1 more , Maximova K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41623149 · Publisher ↗
International studies show that school food programmes (SFP) can improve children's diets but evidence from Canada is nascent. We examined whether SFP are linked to better dietary intake and diet quality among Canadian e...
International studies show that school food programmes (SFP) can improve children's diets but evidence from Canada is nascent. We examined whether SFP are linked to better dietary intake and diet quality among Canadian elementary schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study surveyed 2366 grade 4-8 students (age 9-14 years; 48·9 % girls) from 32 schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in Alberta and Ontario, Canada. Students completed a 24-hour diet recall, recording foods and beverages consumed during school hours (breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack), and their source (school, other). Multivariable linear models examined the association of accessing SFP (≥1 meal/snack provided by school) with student daily intakes of vegetables and fruit, grains and grain products, milk and alternatives, meat and alternatives, free sugars, sodium and diet quality, adjusting for relevant confounders. Only 293 (12·4 %) students accessed SFP. Overall, accessing SFP was associated with higher intake of vegetables and fruit ( = 0·4, 95 % CI = 0·1; 0·7) and better diet quality score ( = 1·8, 95 % CI = 0·7; 3·0). Specifically, morning snacks provided by schools were associated with lower intake of free sugars ( = -8·9, 95 % CI = -16·5; -1·4), while school-provided lunches were associated with higher intake of milk and alternatives ( = 0·5, 95 % CI = 0·2; 0·8). Further, school-provided afternoon snacks were associated with higher intake of vegetables and fruit ( = 1·1, 95 % CI = 0·6; 1·6), lower sodium intake ( = -258·4, 95 % CI = -506·7; -10·0) and better diet quality ( = 3·1, 95 % CI = 1·1; 5·1). One in eight elementary schoolchildren accessed SFP. Students who accessed SFP had better diets, highlighting the potential of SFP (particularly snacks) in improving children's diets.
Resveratrol supplementation prior to and during pregnancy in obese rats improves mammary gland maturation, milk composition and offspring metabolism in a sex-specific manner.
Bautista CJ, Reyes-Castro LA, Montaño S … +3 more , Ramirez Gonzalez V, Taylor PD, Zambrano E
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41622756 · Publisher ↗
Maternal obesity delays mammary gland maturation, influencing milk composition and neonatal growth. This study investigated whether supplementation of obese rats with resveratrol (Res) improves mammary gland differentiat...
Maternal obesity delays mammary gland maturation, influencing milk composition and neonatal growth. This study investigated whether supplementation of obese rats with resveratrol (Res) improves mammary gland differentiation, milk composition and offspring development. Female Wistar rats were fed either a high-fat diet to induce maternal obesity (MO) or standard chow as control (C). One month before mating, and throughout gestation, half the rats received 20 mg/kg/day Res orally creating two additional experimental groups (CRes and MORes). Milk nutrients and fatty acids were analysed at postnatal day 21 (PND21); maternal body composition, mammary gland weight and fat pad weight were also obtained. Mammary gland morphology and indices of apoptosis were determined. Offspring metabolic parameters were studied at PND36. MO s had increased adiposity, mammary gland weight and showed elevated glucose, TAG and cholesterol levels compared with controls. MORes reduced all these parameters except mammary gland weight. Mammary gland development was delayed and apoptosis increased in MO . C. Res improved mammary gland development in obese dams. Milk protein/fat ratio, milk, protein and DHA intake decreased in the MO group compared with C; whereas, fat, saturated fat, monosaturated fat and ω-6 fatty acid were increased in MO. Reveratrol treatment restored these parametes in obese dams and significantly reduced adiposity in their offspring. TAG, insulin and HOMA-IR increased in MO offspring but was prevented by Res, which also increased milk intake in controls. In conclusion, preconceptional Res supplementation protects against the negative effects of maternal obesity on mammary gland differentiation, milk composition and offspring metabolism.
Behavioural and genetic correlates of malnutrition.
Nortey E, Asante M, Intiful F … +4 more , Aryeetey R, Moran CN, Garcia AL, Wright CM
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41622751 · Full text
Childhood undernutrition is a global public health challenge, affecting children unevenly within the same household. This study assessed the behavioural and genetic correlates of malnutrition among children aged 1-3 year...
Childhood undernutrition is a global public health challenge, affecting children unevenly within the same household. This study assessed the behavioural and genetic correlates of malnutrition among children aged 1-3 years in a district of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. A cross-sectional study involving 262 child-caregiver pairs was conducted. Children were classified as wasted, stunted or healthy based on anthropometric indices. Feeding behaviours - including appetite, food refusal, force feeding and maternal feeding anxiety, were assessed using the International Complementary Feeding Evaluation Tool. Saliva samples were used to genotype nine SNP associated with appetite and energy regulation and a polygenic risk score (PGRS) was generated. Wasted children had significantly lower appetite z-scores (mean difference MD (CI): -0·37 (-0·65, -0·09) and higher -scores for food refusal (0·30 (0·03, 0·58)) and caregiver feeding anxiety (0·67 (0·39, 0·94)) compared with healthy children. Maternal feeding anxiety attenuated the association between appetite and weight for height -score while remaining a strong independent predictor. No associations were found between feeding behaviour and stunting. Although force feeding was common (33 % of children), it did not differ by nutritional status. The SNP rs2274333 showed a higher frequency of homozygosity for the AA genotype in wasted children. The PGRS was significantly associated with low appetite ( = 0·046) but not with food refusal or nutritional status. Children with wasting had a lower appetite and a higher food refusal. This is associated with high levels of maternal feeding anxiety, but does not seem to have a strong genetic basis.
Association between serum vitamin B levels and depression in adults: a cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study.
Mai J, Wang Y, Li J … +1 more , Zuo X
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41622747 · Full text
Vitamin B is implicated in multiple mental disorders, and accumulating evidence suggests an inverse relationship with depression; however, important aspects of the underlying dose-response patterns and the roles of indiv...
Vitamin B is implicated in multiple mental disorders, and accumulating evidence suggests an inverse relationship with depression; however, important aspects of the underlying dose-response patterns and the roles of individual circulating vitamin B metabolites remain incompletely understood. We analysed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010. Depression was defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10. Vitamin B status was assessed using serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the biologically active coenzyme form, and 4-pyridoxic acid (PA), the principal catabolic and urinary excretion product of vitamin B. Among 12 620 participants, 1070 (8·5 %) met criteria for depression. After adjusting for relevant covariates, multiple logistic regression revealed that individuals in higher quartiles of serum PLP and PA (Q2-Q4) had significantly lower odds of depression compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1). Restricted cubic spline analyses identified nonlinear relationships: L-shaped for PLP (P-nonlinearity = 0·001) and U-shaped for PA (P-nonlinearity = 0·017). Below the inflection points (90·7 nmol/L for PLP; 73·9 nmol/L for PA), both metabolites showed significant inverse associations with depression (PLP: OR = 0·992, 95 % CI: 0·988-0·996, < 0·001; PA: OR = 0·994, 95 % CI: 0·993-0·996, < 0·001). Above these thresholds, the association became non-significant for PLP ( = 0·353), while PA demonstrated a positive association with depression (OR = 1·008, 95 % CI: 1·002-1·013, < 0·01). Subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of these inverse associations across demographic categories. Serum vitamin B metabolites, PLP and its excretion product PA, exhibit non-linear associations with depression, with distinct threshold effects and metabolite-specific patterns that likely reflect both vitamin B availability and turnover.
Pulse consumption of Australian adolescents: characteristics and consumption patterns in a national survey.
Lanham AR, Marchese LE, Livingstone KM … +2 more , Bogard JR, van der Pols JC
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41582639 · Full text
Increased consumption of pulses can support healthy and sustainable diets; however, consumption of pulses in Western populations is low. Adolescents are an often overlooked yet important target group as they develop atti...
Increased consumption of pulses can support healthy and sustainable diets; however, consumption of pulses in Western populations is low. Adolescents are an often overlooked yet important target group as they develop attitudes and behaviours that influence food choices into adulthood. To understand patterns of consumption, this study aimed to analyse characteristics and consumption patterns of Australian adolescents who consume pulses. Secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey data from 2011-2012 was carried out to identify adolescent (12-17 years, 1007, nationally representative of 101 130) pulse consumers, compare their nutritional and demographic characteristics with non-consumers and describe frequency, types and amounts of pulses consumed. Consumption of pulses amongst adolescents is low, with only 6 % of adolescents (48 % males) reporting consumption of pulses. Pulse consumption was associated with healthier weight and diet characteristics. After adjusting for age, sex and socio-economic index, overweight or obese adolescents were less likely to consume pulses than adolescents of a healthy weight or underweight (OR = 0·82; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·99; = 0·043). Adolescent pulse consumers reported consuming more vegetables, dietary fibre and Fe and less discretionary foods, saturated fat and added sugars than non-consumers. Baked beans were the most commonly consumed type of pulses, followed by pulses as an ingredient in a vegetarian meal such as dahl. Future strategies are recommended to promote the consumption of pulses amongst adolescents due to the low consumption level, with consideration of familiar and appealing dishes to support adolescents in achieving healthier and sustainable diets.
Dietary patterns at age 2 and cognitive performance at ages 6-7: an analysis of the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil).
Heller GT, Flores TR, Carpena MX … +3 more , Hallal PC, Domingues MR, Bertoldi AD
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41572823 · Publisher ↗
The early years of life are crucial for developing cognitive abilities, such as intelligence. This period is marked by rapid brain development, in which nutrition is essential. This study aimed to characterise dietary pa...
The early years of life are crucial for developing cognitive abilities, such as intelligence. This period is marked by rapid brain development, in which nutrition is essential. This study aimed to characterise dietary patterns at age 2 and investigate their association with cognitive performance at ages 6-7. The study used data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil ( 4275). Dietary intake was assessed using a habitual consumption questionnaire, and patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th edition), providing intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Associations were tested using linear regression models. The unhealthy dietary pattern (characterised by packaged snacks, instant noodles, sweet biscuits, sweets and candies, soft drinks, sausages and processed meats) was negatively associated with IQ ( < 0·001). Exploratory analyses suggest that early-life deficits (low weight, height or head circumference for age) may amplify the negative effect of unhealthy dietary pattern on IQ (interaction = 0·020). Children with high adherence to this pattern and early-life deficits showed a 4·78-point IQ reduction (95 % CI: -7·06, -2·49), while those without deficits had a 2·24-point reduction (95 % CI: -3·35, -1·13), compared with those with low adherence, even after adjustments. No significant associations were found between the healthy dietary pattern (characterised by beans, baby foods, fruits, vegetables and natural fruit juices) and IQ scores. These findings suggest that an unhealthy diet in early childhood may impair cognitive performance, particularly among children with early-life deficits.
Liposomal glutathione outperforms plain glutathione in uptake, cell regeneration and systemic availability: evidence from cellular and human models.
Prasad KN, Chandrashekar C, Karthik Y … +2 more , Vasantha GG, Phadnis S
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41559937 · Publisher ↗
Glutathione is a key intracellular antioxidant involved in redox balance, detoxification and immune support. However, oral glutathione supplementation is limited by poor bioavailability due to gastrointestinal degradatio...
Glutathione is a key intracellular antioxidant involved in redox balance, detoxification and immune support. However, oral glutathione supplementation is limited by poor bioavailability due to gastrointestinal degradation and low membrane permeability. Liposomal formulations offer a promising strategy to enhance delivery and therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to compare the biological activity and systemic availability of a novel liposomal glutathione formulation (LipoDuo™ Glutathione) with plain glutathione using both cellular models and human pharmacokinetic evaluation. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were treated with LipoDuo™ or plain glutathione to assess intracellular uptake, optimal dosing, cell proliferation and wound healing. In a parallel-arm, open-label human study, twelve healthy subjects ( 6 per group) received a single oral dose of either LipoDuo™ or plain glutathione (1 g), and plasma glutathione levels were monitored over 24 h using LC-MS/MS. Uptake: LipoDuo™ demonstrated ∼1·9-fold higher cellular uptake than plain glutathione, peaking at 6 h (45 % . 23 %). Proliferation: LipoDuo™ increased cell proliferation by up to 3-fold over control, superior to plain glutathione. Wound healing: LipoDuo™ achieved 100 % closure at 24 h, . 59·8 % for plain glutathione. Pharmacokinetics: LipoDuo™ achieved a maximum plasma concentration of ∼1800 ng/ml (6× higher than plain), showed a bimodal absorption pattern and maintained plasma levels > 500 ng/ml at 24 h. LipoDuo™ Glutathione significantly improves cellular delivery, biological activity and systemic bioavailability compared with conventional glutathione. Its bimodal distribution and prolonged plasma retention position it as a next-generation antioxidant supplement with clinical potential in oxidative stress management, skin health and metabolic recovery.
Effects of blended oils with balanced -6/-3 and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratios on growth performance and intestinal health in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets.
Kang P, Shi B, Xiong P … +9 more , Wen Q, Song M, Song F, Gan Q, Cao Y, Wang J, Chen S, Wang D, Liu Y
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41555512 · Publisher ↗
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of blended oils with a balanced -6/-3 PUFA ratio of 6:1 and unsaturated fatty acid/SFA (UFA/SFA) ratio of 2·5:1 on growth performance and intestinal health in lipopolys...
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of blended oils with a balanced -6/-3 PUFA ratio of 6:1 and unsaturated fatty acid/SFA (UFA/SFA) ratio of 2·5:1 on growth performance and intestinal health in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. One hundred and twenty piglets were selected and randomly assigned to two treatments (2 % soybean oil or 2 % blended oils). On day 28, the experiment was conducted as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including dietary treatment (2 % soybean oil . 2 % blended oil) and LPS challenge (saline . LPS). The results showed that the blended oils supplementation increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake during 1–14 d ( < 0·05), and reduced feed to gain ratio in the whole experimental period ( < 0·05). In addition, the blended oils supplementation improved intestinal morphology, increased maltase and sucrase activities and alleviated inflammation response in the intestine. Moreover, the blended oils supplementation increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA expression in jejunum and Ki67 mRNA expression in ileum ( < 0·05) in both saline-treated piglets and LPS-challenged piglets. The blended oils reduced C-myc and caspase-3 mRNA expressions and increased Axin2 and Cyclin d1 mRNA expressions after LPS challenge ( < 0·05). In conclusion, the blended oils can improve growth performance and promote intestinal health in piglets.
The effects of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 in glucose intolerance of Japanese flounder ().
Qin G, Deng K, Pan M … +6 more , Huang D, Li X, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhang W, Mai K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41540591 · Publisher ↗
To explore molecular targets for regulating glucose metabolism in carnivorous fish, the glucose tolerance test was carried out on the The concentration of glucose and insulin in serum was measured at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 1...
To explore molecular targets for regulating glucose metabolism in carnivorous fish, the glucose tolerance test was carried out on the The concentration of glucose and insulin in serum was measured at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h after intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The concentration of insulin was the lowest after 3 h of glucose injection, and that of glucose reached the highest after 5 h. Therefore, 0 h (IP0) was chosen as control group, and 3 h (IP3) and 5 h (IP5) were selected as experimental groups, for which the liver samples at three time points were used for high-throughput sequencing. Although there were no significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology functional enrichment, the differential genes, including mitogen-activated protein kinase binding protein 1, glycosyltransferase, suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 () and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein , were closely related to glucose metabolism. The open reading frame of SOCS3 encoded 225 amino acids, including conserved domains SH2 and SOCS3-box. The SOCS3 was knocked down by specific siRNA in the primary hepatocyte of . Results showed that the gene expression of insulin receptor substrate 1, protease B1, GLUT2, pyruvate kinase and glucokinase increased significantly after knocking down . Meanwhile, the phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase decreased significantly. The results of this study indicated that siSOSC3 enhanced the sensitivity of the insulin signalling pathway to promote glucose transport, thereby affecting gluconeogenesis and glycolysis to maintain glucose homeostasis.
Evaluation of the effect of different intermittent fasting regimens on metabolic parameters in healthy male Wistar rats.
Soares NL, Andrade ADDS, Dutra MLDV … +8 more , Dutra LMG, Lima MDC, Cordeiro AMTM, Bandeira AAES, Alves AF, Lima MDS, Batista KS, Aquino JS
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41540572 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different intermittent fasting regimens on metabolic parameters in healthy rats and compare them with caloric restriction. A total of fifty adult male Wistar rats (±90 days o...
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different intermittent fasting regimens on metabolic parameters in healthy rats and compare them with caloric restriction. A total of fifty adult male Wistar rats (±90 days old) were randomised into 5 groups: control group (CON), caloric restriction group (CR), time-restricted feeding group (TRF), alternate-day fasting (ADF) group and alternate-day modified fasting group (ADMF). ADF and ADMF stood out for improving the metabolic parameters in healthy rats by presenting improvements in glucose parameters, greatest weight loss (ADF . CON: −16·50 (sd 6·16) g; effect size = −5·34; 95 % CI: −7·05, −3·04; < 0·001; ADMF . CON: –21·88 (sd 6·66) g; effect size = −5·83; 95 % CI: −7·66, −3·36; < 0·001) and higher HDL (ADF . CON: 141·50 (sd 10·17) mg/dl; effect size = 3·03; 95 % CI: 1·01, 4·45; < 0·001; ADMF . CON: 133·10 (sd 5·94) mg/dl; effect size = 3·37; 95 % CI: 1·22, 4·86; = 0·004). Additionally, ADMF presented a smaller adipocyte area among the fasting regimens (13·92 (sd 2·06) area/µm; effect size = −4·20; 95 % CI: −5·45, −2·66; < 0·001 . CON), in addition to presenting muscle fibre hypertrophy (71·20 (sd 5·16) area/µm; effect size = 2·93; 95 % CI: 1·57, 4·05; < 0·001 . CON), followed by ADF (adipocyte area: 19·25 (sd 0·87) area/µm; effect size = −2·19; 95 % CI: −3·12, −1·12; = 0·003 . CON; muscle fibre: 53·80 (sd 6·61) area/µm; effect size = 2·93; 95 % CI: 1·57, 4·05; = 0·566 . ADMF). The ADF and ADMF groups were more effective among the intermittent fasting regimens analysed in promoting improvements in metabolic parameters in healthy rats.
Red raspberry improves postprandial metabolic indices and cognitive function in older adults who are overweight or have obesity.
Xiao D, Shukitt-Hale B, Rutledge GA … +3 more , Fisher DR, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41536265 · Publisher ↗
Metabolic dysregulation increases the risk of cognitive and motor deficits, exacerbated by diets high in refined carbohydrates and fats. Polyphenol-rich berries, such as red raspberries (RRB; ), may offer protective bene...
Metabolic dysregulation increases the risk of cognitive and motor deficits, exacerbated by diets high in refined carbohydrates and fats. Polyphenol-rich berries, such as red raspberries (RRB; ), may offer protective benefits. This randomised, single-blinded, controlled crossover study evaluated the acute metabolic and cognitive effects of RRB intake in older adults (55-70 years) with overweight/obesity. Thirty-six adults (61 (sd 5) years, BMI: 30·0 (sd 2·8) kg/m; 19 females: 17 males) consumed a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat meal (56 % carbohydrate, 33 % fat) containing 0 g (control) or 25 g of freeze-dried RRB powder. Plasma was collected at baseline and postprandially over 7·5 h to assess glucose, insulin, triacylglyceride (TAG) and IL-6. , fasting and postprandial serum samples were applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells to assess neuroinflammatory responses (nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression). Cognitive and vascular function were assessed at baseline and postprandially. The RRB meal significantly reduced peak glucose (by 8 %), insulin concentrations at 0·5 h and overall insulin response compared with control ( < 0·05). Serum from RRB consumers attenuated LPS-induced NO, iNOS and COX-2 expression in microglial cells ( < 0·001). Cognitive performance improved following the RRB meal, with fewer attempts in the CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) Paired Associates Learning task ( < 0·05) and fewer errors with better strategy use in the Spatial Working Memory task ( < 0·05). No significant differences were observed in vascular function. These findings suggest that acute RRB supplementation attenuated postprandial metabolic stress, reduced markers of neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance, supporting RRB's potential role in a dietary strategy for ageing populations.
The sustained effect of texture-based eating rate on food intake in an 11-d randomised controlled trial.
van Bruinessen M, Heuven LAJ, Stieger M … +2 more , Lasschuijt MP, Forde CG
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41492689 · Full text
Food texture influences eating rate (ER), and slower ERs are associated with reduced energy intake within a meal. However, it remains unclear whether this acute effect of ER on intake is sustained over time. We investiga...
Food texture influences eating rate (ER), and slower ERs are associated with reduced energy intake within a meal. However, it remains unclear whether this acute effect of ER on intake is sustained over time. We investigated whether texture-based differences in meal ER can have a sustained effect on food and energy intake across 11 consecutive days. In a randomised cross-over feeding trial, Dutch adults ( 20) were randomised to an 11-d 'fast' and an 11-d 'slow' ER diet, followed by a 17-d washout period before completing the alternate diet-arm. Participants consumed breakfast and dinners of which ER was manipulated using food texture and received the same lunch meals on both diets served in regular-sized fixed portions. Diets were matched for served total weight (gram), energy (kcal) and energy density (kcal/gram) and were equivalent for visual volume, meal liking and meal variety. Meal ER on the 'slow diet' was on average 32 % slower compared with the 'fast diet' ( < 0·01). On days when texture led to significant differences in ER, food intake was reduced by 121 (se 24) g/d ( < 0·001), and this effect did not attenuate over time ( = 0·25). Cumulative food intake was 6 % lower for the slow compared with the fast diet ( < 0·001) with no significant difference in energy intake. On 8 of the 11 test days, meal texture reduced ER and supported a consistent reduction in food intake. Further research should test whether a whole diet approach to lowering ER by modifying meal textures could help to moderate food and energy intakes.
Self-report of 24-h urine completeness compared with -aminobenzoic acid (PABA) recovery does not bias estimates of dietary salt intake in the UK.
Jones KS, Collins D, Meadows SR … +3 more , Parkington DA, Koulman A, Page P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41491972 · Full text
The measurement of sodium excretion in 24-h urine samples is the recommended method to assess dietary salt intake to monitor salt-related public health policies. Ensuring complete collection of 24-h urine samples is impo...
The measurement of sodium excretion in 24-h urine samples is the recommended method to assess dietary salt intake to monitor salt-related public health policies. Ensuring complete collection of 24-h urine samples is important for the accurate assessment of salt intake. We compare the use of the objective biomarker, recovery of -aminobenzoic acid (PABA), to self-reported 24-h urine completeness. Data collected from 868 men and women aged 19-64 years from the England Sodium Survey 2018/2019 (part of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS)) were used to compare self-reported 24-h urine completeness based on a collection duration of 23-25 h, no missed urine collections/voids and a minimum urine volume of > 0·4 L against completeness based on the urinary recovery of oral doses of PABA. Two-thirds (69 %; 561/812) of participants who adhered to the PABA protocol provided a complete 24-h urine collection. Assessed by self-report, 71 % (619/868) of participants provided a complete 24-h urine collection. Sodium excretion was (geometric mean (interquartile range)) 127 (97-170) mmol/24 h with PABA and 126 (97-169) mmol/24 h by self-report; salt intake was 7·40 (5·65-9·94) g/d and 7·38 (4·53-8·83) g/d, respectively. The proportion of participants above the UK-recommended salt intake of 6 g/d was 70 % by both PABA and self-report. This study shows that the use of self-report of 24-h urine collection completeness provides an assessment of sodium excretion and dietary salt intake with the same accuracy as when PABA recovery is used to assess completeness.
Digestible indispensable amino acid score of energy-providing ingredients commonly used in diets.
Tang H, Feng G, Deng M … +7 more , Ouyang Q, Liu X, Jiang X, Tian M, Yang G, Xiang Q, Li R
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41491939 · Publisher ↗
To determine values for the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), it is recommended that ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values obtained in growing pigs are used to characterise protein quality in differ...
To determine values for the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), it is recommended that ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values obtained in growing pigs are used to characterise protein quality in different foods. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in eight energy ingredients (barley, sorghum, wheat, brown rice, rice bran, wheat bran, cassava and paddy rice) fed to pigs, where SID values in pigs can be used to calculate approximate DIAAS values in humans. Among the data obtained for all energy ingredients, significant variations ( < 0·01) in CP and AA composition were observed. Rice bran and wheat bran had the highest CP (16·43 % and 18·16 %, respectively) and DIAAS scores of 81-88 for adult, qualifying as 'good' protein sources (> 75). Cassava, with the lowest CP (2·74 %), was limited by sulphur amino acid (54). Lysine (Lys) was the first-limiting AA in barley (74), sorghum (51) and wheat (49), with SID values lowest in wheat (71·04 %). Brown rice and paddy rice showed higher SID (87·51 % and 78·13 %, respectively). These findings highlight the potential of bran-based ingredients and Lys fortification to improve protein quality in grain-dependent diets, providing the scientific basis to combat protein malnutrition.
Effects of zinc and manganese across different pregnancy trimesters on low birth weight risk: a nested case-control study.
Li Y, Cao L, Wang Z … +4 more , Ding S, Wang J, Yang L, Mao B
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41480791 · Publisher ↗
Zn and Mn are essential nutrients for fetal growth and development. Since deficiency of maternal nutrition may lead to preventable adverse pregnancy outcomes, we aimed to examine the association of maternal dietary Zn an...
Zn and Mn are essential nutrients for fetal growth and development. Since deficiency of maternal nutrition may lead to preventable adverse pregnancy outcomes, we aimed to examine the association of maternal dietary Zn and Mn levels with low birth weight (LBW). A nested case–control study was conducted in 605 cases and 7497 controls in Lanzhou, China. Eligible participants reported on their diet and characteristics during pregnancy. The relationship between dietary Zn and Mn intake and the risk of LBW was analysed by unconditioned logistic regression and multivariate adjusted restricted cubic spline model. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of Zn and Mn. The dietary intake below the cut-off value was defined as the low-level group, and greater than or equal to the cut-off value was defined as the high-level group. Low dietary Zn (<5·05 mg/d before pregnancy and <7·36 mg/d during pregnancy) and Mn (<2·66 mg/d before pregnancy and <3·41 mg/d during pregnancy) intake was associated with increased risk of LBW and some subtypes. Both Zn and Mn have a nonlinear relationship with the risk of LBW ( < 0·001). In addition, there was a synergistic effect of low Zn and low Mn intake on LBW risk. There were separate and interaction effects of Zn and Mn on the occurrence of LBW. An appropriate range of Zn and Mn intake may be beneficial to reduce the risk of LBW.
Relative validity of an online short FFQ assessing the Dutch adapted version of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.
Beers S, van Houdt S, De Groot CPGML … +11 more , de Jong HBT, Deckers K, Waterink L, Smidt N, Oosterman JM, Köhler S, Zwan MD, Aarts E, van de Rest O, de van der Schueren MAE, MOCIA consortium, FINGER-NL consortium
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41480790 · Full text
A short FFQ was developed for online assessment of adherence to the Dutch Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND-NL) diet, a culturally adapted version of the original American MIND diet....
A short FFQ was developed for online assessment of adherence to the Dutch Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND-NL) diet, a culturally adapted version of the original American MIND diet. This study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of this short FFQ for assessing adherence to the MIND-NL diet, as scored by the MIND-NL score, compared with 3-d food records among community-dwelling older adults at risk of cognitive decline ( 1078; 67·4 (sd 4·6) years; 64 % female). A combination of statistical methods was used to assess the relative validity: presence of bias by Bland-Altman analysis; strength of association with Kendall's Tau-b and Spearman correlation coefficients and levels of agreement with Wilcoxon signed rank test, cross-classification and weighted Kappa (κ) statistics. The Kendall's Tau-b correlation for the MIND-NL score was 0·33 (95 % CI: 0·29, 0·37; de-attenuated Tau-b: 0·45). Individual MIND-NL diet component score correlations ranged from 0·05 to 0·56, with 12 out of 15 of the MIND-NL diet components adequately correlated (> 0·20). The average MIND-NL scores for the short FFQ (8·4 (sd 1·8) points) and food records (6·7 (sd 1·7) points) showed to be significantly different ( < 0·001). The Kappa (κ) coefficient for tertile classification of the MIND-NL score was 0·29 (95 % CI: 0·25, 0·33), indicating an acceptable level of agreement in ranking participants beyond chance. Acceptable agreements (κ > 0·20) were observed for 10 out of 15 MIND-NL diet components. Taking all analyses together, the short FFQ showed acceptable validity for ranking older adults at risk of cognitive decline according to their adherence to the MIND-NL diet.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe