The British Journal Of Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Increased antioxidant levels favour psoriasis risk reduction in specific populations: a cross-sectional study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Peng L, Wang J, Gao C … +4 more , Yang Y, Duan X, Mou K, Li P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41480785 · Publisher ↗
Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism in psoriasis, and the oxidative balance score (OBS) serves as a standardised metric for assessing systemic oxidative status, but its association with psoriasis is unclear....
Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism in psoriasis, and the oxidative balance score (OBS) serves as a standardised metric for assessing systemic oxidative status, but its association with psoriasis is unclear. This study included 18 023 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the relationship between OBS and psoriasis. After using a complex sampling weighting method, we performed multi-model logistic regression and stratified analysis with OBS as the exposure and psoriasis as the outcome for the primary analysis. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were used to evaluate potential non-linear associations between OBS and psoriasis. In addition, we performed replication analyses using two 24-h dietary records data as a sensitivity test to ensure robustness of the results. Multi-model logistic regression analyses revealed no statistically meaningful link between OBS and psoriasis prevalence when accounting for all confounders ( > 0·05), but in stratified analyses, OBS demonstrated a significant association with reduced risk of psoriasis in individuals aged 60-80 years (OR = 0·27-0·35, < 0·05). As part of the overall OBS, moderate dietary OBS demonstrated an association with reduced psoriasis risk in 60- to 80-year-olds (OR = 0·39-0·43, < 0·05). Lifestyle OBS (LOBS) indicates a significant negative correlation with psoriasis risk among the 'Other Hispanic' group. (Q3 OR = 0·23, < 0·05). The RCS showed a non-linear relationship between LOBS and psoriasis (non-linear = 0·013). This study provides the first systematic confirmation of an association between OBS and a reduced risk of psoriasis in elderly populations and specific ethnic groups. These findings offer new insights and directions for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis.
Dietary cobalt suppresses starch-induced succinate accumulation via colonic synthesis of vitamin B and its analogues in rats.
Yamada C, Umeda T, Kawase T … +8 more , Tsukahara T, Inoue R, Komaba Y, Yamashita H, Ikka T, Kato C, Hino S, Nishimura N
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41480777 · Publisher ↗
High-amylose maize starch (HAMS) can lead to succinate accumulation in the rat colon depending on the colonic microbiota. Since succinate is primarily produced via the vitamin B (VB)-dependent succinate pathway, limited...
High-amylose maize starch (HAMS) can lead to succinate accumulation in the rat colon depending on the colonic microbiota. Since succinate is primarily produced via the vitamin B (VB)-dependent succinate pathway, limited VB availability in the colon may impair fermentation. While a portion of dietary VB may reach the colon, most of it is absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, potentially resulting in an insufficient supply for colonic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the minimum caecal VB concentration required to prevent succinate accumulation and to assess whether dietary cobalt (Co), a structural component of VB and its analogues, promotes microbial VB analogue synthesis. Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in three experiments. In Experiment 1, HAMS-fed rats were given diets with increasing VB doses. Caecal succinate concentrations decreased dose-dependently, with a predicted threshold of 74 pmol/g VB required to prevent accumulation. In Experiment 2, rats were fed HAMS diets with varying Co levels. Co supplementation significantly increased VB-equivalent concentrations, measured by microbiological assay, from 27 to 915 pmol/g without altering cobalamin concentrations, suggesting enhanced microbial synthesis of VB analogues. Caecal succinate levels decreased with increasing Co intake, mimicking the effects of dietary VB. In Experiment 3, rats were fed HAMS diets with or without high-dose Co to confirm these effects and assess microbiota changes. Co supplementation restored the abundance of , which utilises VB and its analogues. These findings suggest that maintaining sufficient colonic VB - through direct supplementation or Co-stimulated microbial production - may help mitigate HAMS-induced succinate accumulation and support balanced colonic fermentation.
Eating duration and shift work are associated with diabetes: a cross-sectional study among US workers.
Ren X, Li J, Loerbroks A … +1 more , Chen L
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41479395 · Full text
Eating duration and shift work can both influence metabolic regulation, but their joint associations with diabetes are unknown. We aimed to examine the independent and joint associations of eating duration and shift work...
Eating duration and shift work can both influence metabolic regulation, but their joint associations with diabetes are unknown. We aimed to examine the independent and joint associations of eating duration and shift work with diabetes in a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of US workers. We included 14852 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010 and 2017-2020. Eating duration was calculated based on first and last eating occasions from 24-h dietary recalls. Long eating duration (LED: ≥ 13 h) short eating duration (SED: < 13 h) was defined based on the median. Workers were classified as engaging in shift work (SW, 5140) . non-shift work (NSW, 8945) based on self-report. Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of LED and SW with diabetes, independently and jointly with stratification by age. LED was associated with higher odds of diabetes among workers aged < 45 years (OR, 1·51; 95 % CI, 1·05-2·19) but not among workers aged ≥ 45 years (OR, 0·98; 95 % CI, 0·79-1·20). SW was associated with higher odds of diabetes among both younger (OR, 1·28; 95 % CI, 0·88-1·85) and older workers (OR, 1·28; 95 % CI, 1·04-1·58). There was suggestive evidence that workers with both LED and SW had higher odds of diabetes compared with those with SED and NSW, but the association was stronger among younger (OR, 1·40; 95 % CI, 0·85-2·28) than older workers (OR, 1·28; 95 % CI, 0·99-1·66). LED and SW were independently associated with increased odds of diabetes with suggestive evidence on their joint associations, but associations varied by workers' age.
Association between the Mediterranean diet and myopia in US adolescents: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2005-2008.
Huang X, Yang Y, Jiang X
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41479225 · Publisher ↗
Myopia is a critical public health issue, particularly among adolescents. This study investigates the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and the odds of myopia in US adolescents. A cross-sectiona...
Myopia is a critical public health issue, particularly among adolescents. This study investigates the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and the odds of myopia in US adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2008, involving 2473 participants aged 12-18 years. Adherence to the diet was assessed using the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of ≤-0·50 dioptres (D). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, BMI, poverty income ratio and total energy intake were used to examine the association between aMED and myopia. Additionally, restricted cubic spline regression was used to explore non-linear relationships, and mediation analysis was conducted to identify potential biological pathways. Of the participants (median age: 15 years; 50·5 % male), 41 % were identified as having myopia. Participants with myopia had significantly lower aMED scores compared with non-myopic individuals ( < 0·05). Higher adherence to the aMED was associated with lower odds of myopia (OR: 0·830, 95 % CI 0·712, 0·968). A significant dose-response relationship was observed, with adolescents in the highest aMED quintile having a 41 % lower odds of myopia compared with the lowest quintile (OR: 0·592, 95 % CI 0·368, 0·952). The association was partially mediated by dietary cholesterol and eicosatetraenoic acid. In conclusion, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet in adolescents is associated with a lower odds of myopia. Addressing diet quality may mitigate health risks related to myopia development.
Impact of standardised . non-standardised pre-test guidelines on surface anthropometric assessment in trained females.
Bradley O'Connor N, Cullen S, Fitzpatrick P
Br J Nutr · 2026 Jan · PMID 41479217 · Publisher ↗
Surface anthropometric measures are commonly used to assess body composition in trained individuals. Standardised pre-test guidelines (morning, fasted) present logistical concerns. The impact of daily activities on skinf...
Surface anthropometric measures are commonly used to assess body composition in trained individuals. Standardised pre-test guidelines (morning, fasted) present logistical concerns. The impact of daily activities on skinfold (SKF) assessment has been established in males; however, there is a lack of research examining females. The aim of this study was to assess the within-day agreement between standardised and non-standardised surface anthropometric measures in trained females. Measures including body mass, eight SKF and six circumferences were collected by an International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry level 1 anthropometrist on forty trained females (twenty naturally menstruating and twenty using a contraceptive) under standardised conditions (morning, fasted, rested and hydrated) and non-standardised conditions (9-10 h later after free-living) on the same day. The menstrual or contraceptive pill phase was not controlled for. The intra-class correlation coefficient and typical error were calculated to assess reliability. Overall group means were compared to assess if a significant change occurred. The sum of eight SKF sites (∑8 SKF) displayed excellent reliability, and no significant difference was noted between conditions. Greater levels of disagreement were represented by those with ∑8 SKF > 136 mm. Significant differences in group means were recorded for body mass and waist circumference. All other five circumference sites remained unchanged throughout the day. Findings suggest that if accuracy is required, body mass and waist circumference should be collected in a standardised state. SKF and all five other circumferences can be collected in trained females at any time of day without considering pre-test standard guidelines.
Role of nut and seed intake on telomere length as a biomarker of ageing: a systematic review of observational and interventional studies.
Hettiarachchi J, Dinon ME, Bruhn M … +9 more , Dodson C, Giggins O, Pane M, Tan V, Wu M, Feyesa I, Tey SL, Brown RC, Tan SY
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41467304 · Full text
Telomere length is a biomarker of ageing, with shorter lengths associated with a higher risk of age-related diseases and mortality. Oxidative stress and inflammation predominantly contribute to telomere shortening. Diets...
Telomere length is a biomarker of ageing, with shorter lengths associated with a higher risk of age-related diseases and mortality. Oxidative stress and inflammation predominantly contribute to telomere shortening. Diets rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may help preserve telomere length. Nuts and seeds contain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients and bioactive compounds. Their consumption is recognised as protective against age-related conditions. The objective of this review is to evaluate the role of nut and seed intake on telomere length in humans. A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to 12 March 2024 to identify observational and interventional studies assessing nut and seed intake and measuring telomere length as an outcome in adults (aged ≥ 18 years). Data from the included articles were extracted by one reviewer and verified by another reviewer. Out of the nine observational studies included, three reported positive associations between nut and seed intake and telomere length. None of the four interventional studies included reported a significant positive effect. Meta-analysis was not performed due to high variability in reporting telomere length measurements. The evidence is insufficient to confirm a beneficial role of nut and seed intake on telomere length. Adequately powered long-term intervention studies are needed.
Nutritional status is linked to muscle strength and perceived function in adults with muscular dystrophy: evidence for targeted nutritional interventions.
Leaver M, Morse CI, Orme P … +3 more , Flannery O, Kolic P, Hodson N
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41466528 · Full text
Muscular dystrophy (MD) encompasses inherited myopathies characterised by progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration, chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. While emerging therapies show pre-clinical p...
Muscular dystrophy (MD) encompasses inherited myopathies characterised by progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration, chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. While emerging therapies show pre-clinical promise, few reach clinical translation, highlighting the need for supportive interventions to improve function and quality of life (QoL). Nutritional strategies may offer such benefits; however, limited data exist characterising diet in MD or associations with functional outcomes. This study assessed diet, nutritional status and associations with muscle strength, function and QoL in MD adults. Adults with MD ( 39; FSHD = 8, LGMD = 9 and Other = 22) and matched Controls ( 17) completed two 3-d food records, strength/function assessments and QoL questionnaires. Between-group differences were analysed using tests or Mann-Whitney and associations using Pearson's r or Spearman's Rho ( < 0·05). Compared with controls, individuals with MD consumed more energy (89 % . 35 % exceeded RDI, = 0·023), but less carbohydrate (-21 %, = 0·013), sugar (-31 %, = 0·004), protein (-15 %), BCAA (-31 %, = 0·049) and vitamin C (-43 %, = 0·009). MD participants demonstrated reduced muscle thickness, strength, function and reported lower QoL and physical capacity (all < 0·05). Protein intake positively correlated with strength and function ( < 0·05); branched-chain amino acids intake was associated with lean mass ( = 0·442, = 0·02) and strength ( = 0·372, = 0·036). Findings indicate adults with MD consume excess energy but insufficient protein and micronutrients, supporting the need for adult MD-specific dietary guidance to optimise musculoskeletal health and QoL.
Associations of linear growth trajectories from 0 to 5 years with cognitive function and school achievement at 10 years of age: the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition birth cohort study.
Ali R, Filteau S, Wells JCK … +10 more , Zinab B, Megersa BS, Yilma D, Girma T, Nitsch D, Olsen MF, Friis H, Marphatia A, Wibaek R, Abera M
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41460044 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to identify linear growth trajectories from 0 to 5 years and assess their associations with cognitive function and school achievement in Ethiopian children aged 10 years. Latent class trajectory modellin...
This study aimed to identify linear growth trajectories from 0 to 5 years and assess their associations with cognitive function and school achievement in Ethiopian children aged 10 years. Latent class trajectory modelling was used to identify distinct height-for-age (HAZ) trajectories. Cognitive function was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, while school achievement was measured by math, English and science (MES) combined scores and grade-for-age. Associations were assessed using multiple linear or logistic regressions. We identified four distinct HAZ trajectories. trajectory ( 145, 31·9 %) started high at birth but dropped sharply. The trajectory ( 196, 43·2 %) increased up to 3 months, followed by a decrease. The ( 74, 16·3 %) had low HAZ at birth, followed by a slight decrease. The trajectory ( 39, 8·6 %) started low but then increased to HAZ above, yet close to zero. At 10 years, children in the trajectory had 4·54 (95 % CI: -0·45, 9·55, = 0·075) higher MES combined score and 2·4 times (95 % CI: 1·12, 5·15, = 0·025) higher odds of being in the appropriate grade-for-age compared to those in the trajectory. The association between and trajectory with appropriate grade-for-age had odds ratio close to null. In conclusion, we found that three of the four linear growth trajectory classes showed a declining pattern. Data suggest that greater linear growth in early childhood may be associated with higher school achievement and better cognitive function.
Associations of diet quality indices with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Japanese adults in the Takayama study.
Oono F, Wada K, Yamakawa M … +5 more , Sugino M, Mori T, Oba S, Murakami K, Nagata C
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457923 · Full text
This prospective study investigated the associations of various diet quality indices with mortality in Japan. Participants were 13 355 men and 15 724 women from the Takayama study. Eight diet quality indices were assesse...
This prospective study investigated the associations of various diet quality indices with mortality in Japan. Participants were 13 355 men and 15 724 women from the Takayama study. Eight diet quality indices were assessed using an FFQ: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, alternative Mediterranean diet scores, Healthy Eating Index-2015, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, Diet Quality Score for Japanese, Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and twelve-item Japanese Diet Index. Cox proportional models estimated hazard ratios and 95 % CI for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a 1 sd difference for each index, with adjustment for confounders. During a mean follow-up of 14·1 years, 5339 deaths were recorded. Hazard ratios (95 % CI) per 1 sd higher index were 0·90 (0·87, 0·93) for Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, 0·92 (0·89, 0·95) for Diet Quality Score for Japanese, 0·93 (0·91, 0·96) for Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, 0·94 (0·92, 0·97) for alternative Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, 0·94 (0·91, 0·97) for Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top, 0·94 (0·91, 0·98) for twelve-item Japanese Diet Index and 0·97 (0·94, 0·996) for Healthy Eating Index-2015. Similar protective associations were observed for CVD mortality, but not for cancer mortality. These findings suggest that all eight indices are associated with lower mortality and that the strength of associations varies across indices; the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 showed relatively strong associations, followed by the Diet Quality Score for Japanese, whereas the associations of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 appeared relatively weaker in this Japanese population.
Factors associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: the roles of food literacy and mindful eating.
Mengi Çelik Ö, Güler Ü, Arslan N … +8 more , Yavuz A, Kuran Ö, Özdemir B, Tunçel M, Doğan Z, Şimşek M, Kaldırım B, Şahin H
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457921 · Publisher ↗
Food literacy and mindful eating are increasingly recognised as key factors in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aim...
Food literacy and mindful eating are increasingly recognised as key factors in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to assess the association between food literacy and mindful eating and the risk of developing T2DM and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 1091 adults (777 females, 314 males) aged 18-65 years. General characteristics, anthropometric measurements, risk of T2DM (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC)) and MetS (Metabolic Syndrome Index), food literacy (Food Literacy Tool) and mindful eating (Mindful Eating Inventory) were assessed using a questionnaire. Food literacy and mindful eating scores were significantly and negatively correlated with both the FINDRISC score ( = -0·153 and = -0·168, respectively; < 0·001) and the Metabolic Syndrome Index score ( = -0·181 and = -0·171, respectively; < 0·001). Linear regression analyses indicated that age, marital status, education level, BMI, waist circumference and total scores from the Food Literacy Tool and the Mindful Eating Inventory were significant predictors of the risk of T2DM (R = 0·580; < 0·001) and MetS (R = 0·440; < 0·001). Given the association between food literacy, mindful eating and the risk of T2DM and MetS, public health interventions should incorporate these factors. The long-term effects of such interventions should be evaluated, and their adaptability to different sociocultural contexts should be explored to support effective global prevention and management.
Evaluation of malnutrition at hospital admission using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria: comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference for muscle mass assessment.
Susetyowati S, Syauki AY, Syauqy A … +3 more , Witaningrum R, Faza F, Amelia ST
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41457892 · Publisher ↗
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides a consensus-based diagnostic framework for malnutrition in hospitalised patients, which includes at least one phenotypic and one aetiologic criterion. In G...
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides a consensus-based diagnostic framework for malnutrition in hospitalised patients, which includes at least one phenotypic and one aetiologic criterion. In GLIM, appendicular skeletal muscle based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (ASM) and calf circumference (CC) are two common techniques for muscle mass assessment, but their accuracy remains debated. Therefore, the present study evaluates the prevalence of malnutrition upon hospital admission applied by GLIM criteria and mainly compares the effectiveness of ASM and CC. We screened a total of 605 patients from four hospitals in Indonesia (August-October 2024). Multivariate logistic regression analysed associations with clinical outcomes. Prevalence of malnutrition was 72·7 % using three phenotypes, 55·9 % with two phenotypes, 22·1 % via ASM and 62·6 % using CC. Significant associations ( < 0·05) were found between malnutrition and weight loss, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, handgrip strength, sarcopenia and fat-free mass index. For all criteria combinations, sensitivity was greater in CC (86·1 %), followed by two phenotypes (76·8 %), while the ASM had the poorest sensitivity (30·5 %). All GLIM-based diagnostic methods correlated with malnutrition risk screening and nutrition status indicators. The GLIM criteria provide a standardised, clinically relevant approach for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalised patients, with CC emerging as a highly sensitive assessment to examine muscle mass.
Trends in diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and water footprint in Türkiye: Insights from the Türkiye Nutrition and Health Survey 2010 and 2017.
Ilhan A, Rakıcıoğlu N
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41457629 · Full text
Sustainable diets can improve environmental health by supporting food security and promoting healthy living for future generations. This study aimed to assess changes over time in the consumption of foods within the nati...
Sustainable diets can improve environmental health by supporting food security and promoting healthy living for future generations. This study aimed to assess changes over time in the consumption of foods within the national diet and diet-related environmental indicators, specifically greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and water footprint (WF). Individual food consumption was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls from the Türkiye Nutrition and Health Surveys (TNHS) conducted in 2010 and 2017. GHGE and WF were calculated based on these dietary data. According to the TNHS 2010 and 2017, GHGE increased by 16·1 %, total WF by 17 %, green WF by 19·3 %, blue WF by 9·4 % and grey WF by 10·9 % ( < 0·001). During the same period, the consumption of red meats (by 72 %), eggs (by 42·5 %) and fats (by 53·6 %) increased significantly ( < 0·001). Conversely, the most notable decrease in consumption was observed for fresh vegetables and fruits, which declined by 17·5 % and 6·9 %, respectively ( < 0·001). In 2010 and 2017, red meats (GHGE: +29·8 %; total WF: +23·6 %) and fats (GHGE: +14·3 %; total WF: +13·6 %) were the foods that increased their contribution to GHGE and total WF the most. Although the GHGE and total WF values of Türkiye's national diet remain below the global average, both indicators increased in 2017 compared to 2010. Despite the rising consumption of animal-based foods in recent years, the predominance of cereals in the national diet has played a key role in keeping GHGE and total WF below the global average.
Associations of white potato intake and preparation methods with cardiometabolic health measures in US adults categorised by diabetes status.
Akhavan NS, Cheung SN, Arjmandi BH … +2 more , Hickner RC, Berryman CE
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457584 · Full text
White potatoes are a major contributor to energy and nutrient intake in the USA, which supports investigating their relationship with cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional analysis assessed relationships of total...
White potatoes are a major contributor to energy and nutrient intake in the USA, which supports investigating their relationship with cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional analysis assessed relationships of total white potato intake and dietary patterns containing white potatoes prepared by various methods with markers of cardiometabolic health in adults categorised by diabetes status. The dietary intake assessment component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018), What We Eat in America (WWEIA), was linked with the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and Food Patterns Equivalents Database to rank the consumption of white potato-containing foods. Dietary patterns were determined by percent calories from white potatoes and main food groups in WWEIA using cluster analysis. Regression analysis assessed trends in individuals with ( 5467) and without ( 38 159) diagnosed diabetes. < 0·01 was significant. The most consumed white potato-containing foods were French fries, potato chips and home fries. In adults without diagnosed diabetes, total white potato intake was positively associated with glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and waist circumference. Glycated Hb was lower in those who primarily consumed dietary patterns with baked/boiled potatoes, and waist circumference was higher in those who primarily consumed dietary patterns with chips, fried potatoes or mashed potatoes compared with adults with no white potato intake. In adults without diagnosed diabetes, total white potato intake was associated with greater cardiometabolic risk, which may be due, in part, to frying as the predominate preparation method of white potatoes in the USA.
Soda consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults during the period surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wi S, Je Y
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457580 · Full text
There is limited research on the association between soda consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between soda consumptio...
There is limited research on the association between soda consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between soda consumption and MetS in Korean adults, stratified by sex, and compared differences before and after the pandemic using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2021). A total of 13 051 adults aged 19-64 years were included. Soda consumption was assessed using 24-h recall and categorised into five groups (non-drinkers and four quartiles). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for MetS and its components. After adjusting for multiple covariates, no significant association was found between soda consumption and MetS overall. However, adults in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥ 373 g/d) had higher risks of abdominal obesity (-trend = 0·006) and hypertriglyceridaemia (-trend = 0·003), compared with non-drinkers. When analysed by gender, women in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥ 315 g/d) had significantly higher risk of MetS (OR = 1·70; 95 % CI: 1·08, 2·68), and multiple MetS components, whereas no significant associations were obserbed in men. Post-pandemic analysis revealed a significant association between high soda consumption (≥ 416 g/d) and MetS (OR = 1·56; 95 % CI: 1·04, 2·34), which was NS in the pre-pandemic period (-interaction = 0·031). These findings suggest that high soda consumption may increase the risk of MetS, particularly among Korean women.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation increases blood concentrations but shows limited and inconsistent effects on exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Deng H, Song T, Yin M … +6 more , Xu K, Zhong Y, Mohd NB, Naharudin MNB, Yusof A, Fan X
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457257 · Publisher ↗
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is biologically plausible as an ergogenic aid through roles in mitochondrial energy production and antioxidant defence, yet findings from randomised trials are inconsistent. This review included twen...
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is biologically plausible as an ergogenic aid through roles in mitochondrial energy production and antioxidant defence, yet findings from randomised trials are inconsistent. This review included twenty-four studies from six databases published up to November 2025, assessing effects of CoQ10 on exercise performance, subjective fatigue and circulating CoQ10 levels in healthy adults. Randomised trials comparing CoQ10 with placebo were synthesised using a three-level model. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB2 and certainty judged with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Supplementation consistently increased blood CoQ10, indicating robust biochemical responsiveness. In contrast, performance effects were small and inconsistent. In primary analyses, chronic supplementation showed a small benefit, whereas acute supplementation showed no benefit. After excluding outliers, the chronic effect was no longer stable and the acute effect remained trivial. All subgroup analyses were restricted to chronic supplementation. Within this context, aerobic endurance was significant in primary analyses but became borderline after outlier exclusion, while anaerobic and strength outcomes showed little change. Evidence for reduced subjective fatigue was suggestive and became more consistent after outlier exclusion. Benefits in trained individuals were unstable and became consistent only after outlier exclusion. No stable dose–response pattern emerged for supplementation dosage or duration. Heterogeneity and moderate-to-high risk of bias reduced certainty. Collectively, CoQ10 reliably elevates circulating levels but provides at most modest and context-dependent benefits for exercise performance, largely under chronic use. Overall, certainty is very low to low. Well-controlled randomised trials that standardise formulation, dose and duration and examine sex-specific and endurance-related responses are needed.
Coconut oil attenuates intestinal injury and inflammation by regulating necroptosis signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets.
Wang D, Wang D, He W … +5 more , Zhang X, Cheng J, Liao A, Zhu H, Liu Y
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457251 · Publisher ↗
Coconut oil, extracted from coconut kernels, is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids, including lauric acid, capric acid and caprylic acid. This experiment aimed to investigate the protective effect of coconut oil a...
Coconut oil, extracted from coconut kernels, is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids, including lauric acid, capric acid and caprylic acid. This experiment aimed to investigate the protective effect of coconut oil against intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in piglets. A total of twenty-four piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with dietary treatment (3 % soybean oil . 3 % coconut oil) and LPS challenge (saline . LPS). After 28 d of the experiment, piglets were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 μg/kg body weight (BW)) or saline. Piglets were slaughtered and sampled for testing. Pigs fed coconut oil had higher average daily gain and BW during the entire study. Supplementation with coconut oil improved intestinal morphology and barrier function, indicated by increased jejunal villus height, as well as enhanced protein expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Furthermore, coconut oil supplementation improved plasma antioxidant capacity, indicated by enhanced GSH peroxidase activity and decreased malondialdehyde concentration. Moreover, coconut oil ameliorated the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as indicated by decreased IL-1 expression in the jejunum. Coconut oil also alleviated the up-regulation of the expression of necroptosis protein receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and mixed lineage kinase-like protein in the jejunum of piglets stimulated by LPS. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of coconut oil can improve the growth performance of piglets and alleviate LPS-induced intestinal injury and inflammation by inhibiting necroptosis signalling pathway.
Dietary patterns and serum lipid profile in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Hoffmann LV, Silva E, Castro K … +10 more , Roman L, Costa LP, Luçardo J, Roman E, Vaucher R, Giongo J, Flores da Cruz PH, Cunha DB, Valle S, Vaz JS
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41457242 · Publisher ↗
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been frequently associated with an increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders, including dyslipidaemia. However, research on lipid profiles and dietary intake in this population...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been frequently associated with an increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders, including dyslipidaemia. However, research on lipid profiles and dietary intake in this population remains scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate dietary patterns and their association with serum lipid profile in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. The study included 233 individuals from 2 to under 19 years assisted by the public health system in Pelotas, Brazil. Fasting blood samples were collected and analysed for serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG. Dietary intake was assessed using three non-consecutive 24-h food recalls (two weekdays and one weekend day). Dietary patterns were derived through reduced rank regression, using food group intakes as predictors and fibre density, energy density, carbohydrate and saturated fat intakes as response variables. Standardised pattern scores were calculated to assess individual adherence, and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were applied to examine the association between the dietary pattern scores and lipid profiles. Elevated TAG concentrations were observed in 48·9 % of the participants. Four dietary patterns were identified: Healthy, sugar and starches, mixed and dairy and biscuits. After adjustment, no significant associations were observed between dietary pattern scores and lipid profile. These findings underscore the complex nature of lipid metabolism in individuals with ASD and suggest that dietary patterns alone may not fully explain variations in lipid profiles. This reinforces the need for further research and development of appropriate nutritional interventions for this population.
Composition and nutritional role of gut microbiota on growth performance of pigs at different growth stages.
Matsubara K, Yamada M, Hirayama K
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41449907 · Full text
This study has investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota composition and the growth performance in pigs from birth to the finishing stage, focusing on nutrient metabolism. Of fifty-nine crossbred pigs [(La...
This study has investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota composition and the growth performance in pigs from birth to the finishing stage, focusing on nutrient metabolism. Of fifty-nine crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Large Yorkshire) × Duroc] from seven sows, individuals with high and low daily gain (DG) were assigned to high DG (HDG, 11) and low DG (LDG, 8) groups. Faecal samples collected at weaning (21 d), growing (95-106 d) and finishing (136-152 d) stages were analysed for amino acids, SCFA and microbial composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. Although birth and weaning weights were similar in both groups, the HDG group had significantly higher weights in the growing and finishing stages ( < 0·01). The microbial composition of the LDG group revealed a higher abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae;__ at weaning ( < 0·05), whereas the HDG group contained a higher abundance of g_Streptococcus and g_Prevotella 7 at the finishing stage ( < 0·05). Functional analysis revealed increased amino acid metabolism in the HDG group at the finishing stage ( < 0·05). During the growing stage, total free faecal amino acid content was low in the HDG group ( < 0·05); at weaning, levels of isobutyric and isovaleric acids, key amino acid fermentation products ( < 0·05, < 0·01), were higher. These findings indicate growth stage-specific differences in the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles between groups with different growth performance, suggesting that microbial and metabolic characteristics may influence growth performance.
Association between Japanese diet and the risk of cancer incidence: data from the Ohsaki Cohort Study.
Hori R, Sugawara Y, Nakaya K … +1 more , Hozawa A
Br J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41449904 · Publisher ↗
The effect of the Japanese diet on cancer incidence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the Japanese diet and the risk of all-cause and site-specific cancer. We analysed 14-y...
The effect of the Japanese diet on cancer incidence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the Japanese diet and the risk of all-cause and site-specific cancer. We analysed 14-year follow-up data from the Osaki Cohort study of 25 570 Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. The Japanese diet was evaluated using a thirty-nine-item FFQ at baseline. Based on a previous study, we used eight food items to calculate the Japanese Diet Index score: rice, miso soup, seaweed, pickles, green and yellow vegetables, seafood, green tea and beef and pork. The participants were divided into quartiles based on their Japanese Diet Index scores. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95 % CI of cancer incidence. During the mean 10·4 years of follow-up, we identified 3161 incident cases of all-cause cancer. Multivariable analysis showed that the Japanese Diet Index score was not associated with cancer incidence. In comparison with Q1 (the lowest), the multivariable hazard ratios and 95 % CI were 1·01 (0·92, 1·12) for Q2, 0·94 (0·85, 1·04) for Q3 and 1·06 (0·95, 1·18) for Q4 (the highest). Furthermore, separate analyses of nine common cancer sites demonstrated no association with the Japanese Diet Index score. The results were consistent even after a sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation. This prospective study showed that the Japanese diet was not associated with cancer incidence. The results suggest that the Japanese diet could contribute to a person’s overall health and well-being without increasing cancer risk.
Positive and negative energy surpluses in persons with chronic spinal cord injury.
Gorgey AS, Khalil RE
Br J Nutr · 2025 Dec · PMID 41449902 · Full text
Total energy expenditure (TEE) is estimated as the product of BMR and a spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific factor. The agreement between TEE and total energy intake (TEI) was just established. The findings suggested the e...
Total energy expenditure (TEE) is estimated as the product of BMR and a spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific factor. The agreement between TEE and total energy intake (TEI) was just established. The findings suggested the existence of positive and negative energy balance distributions. Forty-two males with chronic SCI underwent BMR followed by a detailed metabolic profile after an overnight fast. TEI and macronutrients of 3-d dietary logs were analysed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software. Energy surplus was calculated as TEE minus TEI. Body composition assessment was conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 57 % of SCI participants were classified as negative energy surplus with an average TEI of 1284 (sd 422) compared with 2197 (sd 553) kcal/d in the positive energy group ( = 0·0002). Negative energy group had a higher BMR (9 %; = 0·02), greater body weight ( = 0·03) and greater total body lean mass ( = 0·03) and consumed a greater percentage of protein compared with the positive energy group. Percentage macronutrients of protein explained 27 % of the variance of energy surplus in a multivariate regression model ( 0·27; = 0·008). TEI adjusted to fat-free mass explained 87 % of the variance in energy surplus, and an intake of 34·7 kcal/kg per d was recommended to balance TEI with TEE. Persons with SCI are either classified into negative or positive energy surplus groups. Larger body weight and greater protein intakes are among the major characteristics of the negative energy group. Clinicians may need to consider the spectrum of energy balance before starting a dietary regimen after SCI.
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