Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The national health service of Ukraine as a purchaser of medical services and medicines under the medical guarantees programme during martial law.
Strelchenko AM, Siryi YM, Mostepaniuk LO … +2 more , Khablo OY, Krut AG
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929545 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To analyse the effectiveness of the National Health Service of Ukraine, which performs the functions of a purchaser of medical services and medicines under the Medical Guarantees Programme during wartime,...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To analyse the effectiveness of the National Health Service of Ukraine, which performs the functions of a purchaser of medical services and medicines under the Medical Guarantees Programme during wartime, as well as to identify and characterise the key challenges it faces and to propose effective solutions based on statistical data and comparative analysis concerning the provision of high-quality and effective medical care to the population, along with suggesting the development of promising directions for improving the performance of the National Health Service.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Retrospective, analytical, and modelling methods were used to assess the main processes related to the activities of the National Health Service of Ukraine as a key actor in the financing of medical services within the healthcare system under martial law conditions in Ukraine. Through the use of synthesis and modelling methods, recommendations for the further reform of the National Health Service were developed, along with proposals for the development of promising directions to enhance the effectiveness of its activities. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The study confirmed the need to define the directions for enhancing the effectiveness of the National Health Service of Ukraine as a purchaser of medical services and medicines under the Medical Guarantees Programme during martial law. One such direction is the improvement of logistics under wartime conditions and its restoration in the post-war period, which can be outlined as follows: (a) ensuring the active digitalisation of logistics processes; (b) decentralising warehouses; (c) creating mobile medical units; (d) providing personnel training; and (e) preparing appropriate legislative regulation.
Protection of the rights of drug addicts and the right to a fair trial: Practice of the European court of human rights.
Shevchuk OM, Drozdov OM, Babaieva OV … +2 more , Bespalko IL, Panova AV
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929544 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To identify violations of the rights of persons who use psychoactive substances through the analysis of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights within the framework of the implementation of the ri...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To identify violations of the rights of persons who use psychoactive substances through the analysis of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights within the framework of the implementation of the right to a fair trial in cases related to illicit drug trafficking, and to propose directions for reducing their negative impact on public health.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Respect for the rights of persons who use psychoactive substances, including their full exercise of the right to a fair trial, remains a key element of the rule of law, particularly in the context of protecting their lives and public health, and is an obligation of the state.
Practical application of motivation theories for engaging and retaining medical staff.
Keretsman AO, Brych VV, Shykula EM
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929543 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To provide a scientific rationale for various approaches to the practical application of individual motivation theories in order to develop a motivated medical workforce as the foundation for strengthenin...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To provide a scientific rationale for various approaches to the practical application of individual motivation theories in order to develop a motivated medical workforce as the foundation for strengthening healthcare systems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Based on comparative analysis, as well as systematic and analytical approaches to understanding selected motivation theories - namely Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Adams's Equity Theory, Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory - the authors propose integrating these theories into managerial strategies. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: A well-functioning healthcare workforce system requires not only a sufficient number of professionals but also effective motivation strategies based on various theories, such as those by Maslow, Herzberg, and Vroom, to enhance job satisfaction and retention. Understanding and applying these theories help managers create optimal working conditions, reduce turnover, improve service quality, and strengthen the healthcare system's overall efficiency and reputation.
Pedeutology of the profession of an academic teacher in the field of medical studies.
Pietras T, Batko K, Stefanik A … +4 more , Sipowicz K, Mosiołek A, Stefańczyk I, Dutch-Wicherek M
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929542 · Publisher ↗
The aim of the paper is to reflect on the importance of the teacher of the medical profession in graduate and postgraduate education. The objective of the analysis was a narrative reflection on the profession of a teache...
The aim of the paper is to reflect on the importance of the teacher of the medical profession in graduate and postgraduate education. The objective of the analysis was a narrative reflection on the profession of a teacher of medical professionals based on the principles of medical education and specialization programs applicable in Poland. The core curriculum for teaching in the field of medicine was analysed in detail, including also the insufficiently developed principles of selection and education of academic and vocational teachers. It has been demonstrated that there is no uniform concept of teaching competences for teachers of the medical profession in Poland. Academic teachers are usually recruited by medical universities based on their education and declaration of scientific work. Much less attention is paid to the development of their teaching competences. The current medical study programs are increasingly focused on practical skills. However, the limitation of theoretical subjects sometimes fails to provide sufficient knowledge to ensure the proper and in-depth education of medical students. Teaching future doctors requires reasonable care and reflection on the structure of the curricula, specialization programs, as well as on appropriate preparation of the teachers.
Morphological features of the great saphenous vein in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities undergoing the most common endovenous treatment techniques.
Dyadyk OO, Khodos VA, Melnychuk HO … +2 more , Myroshnychenko MS, Popova KI
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929541 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose was to identify the morphological features of the great saphenous vein in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities undergoing treatment with endovenous high-frequency elec...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose was to identify the morphological features of the great saphenous vein in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities undergoing treatment with endovenous high-frequency electric welding in automatic mode, endovenous laser ablation, and ultrasound-guided microfoam sclerotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The material for the comprehensive morphological study consisted of fragments of the great saphenous vein obtained from 32 patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities. The material was divided into three groups according to the endovenous treatment techniques applied. Group 1 included vein fragments from 12 patients who underwent endovenous high-frequency electric welding in automatic mode. Group 2 comprised material from 9 patients treated with endovenous laser ablation. Group 3 included material from 11 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided microfoam sclerotherapy using a 3% polidocanol solution. Histological and immunohistochemical research methods were used. RESULTS: Results: The great saphenous vein in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities undergoing treatment with endovenous high-frequency electric welding in automatic mode and endovenous laser ablation was characterized by similarly pronounced diffuse alterative and desquamative changes in endothelial cells, disruption of the structural organization of the venous wall layers accompanied by edema, and alterative changes in both muscular and connective tissue fibers. In cases where ultrasound-guided microfoam sclerotherapy was applied, the great saphenous vein showed focal alterative and desquamative changes in endothelial cells, preservation of the layered structure, edematous changes in the media and adventitia, focal areas of dysmucoidosis, and regions of angiomatosis. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The severity of structural changes in the great saphenous vein in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities following ultrasoundguided microfoam sclerotherapy was significantly lower compared to endovenous high-frequency electric welding in automatic mode and endovenous laser ablation, resulting in less favorable conditions for the qualitative development of the fibrous process.
Rational nutrition as a factor of healthy lifestyle and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Griban GP, Zablotska OS, Mitova OO … +4 more , Adyrkhaiev SG, Adyrkhaieva LV, Paryshkura YV, Osmanova AM
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929540 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim is to conduct medical and sociological research on public awareness of the impact of rational nutrition on promoting human health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. PATIENTS AND MET...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim is to conduct medical and sociological research on public awareness of the impact of rational nutrition on promoting human health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in 2022-2024 and involved 214 respondents of different ages and genders who were patients of outpatient clinics in Zhytomyr (Ukraine). Research methods included theoretical analysis of literary sources, medical and sociological (questionnaire), mathematical and statistical, system analysis, and logical generalization. RESULTS: Results: It has been found that less than a third of the surveyed population (31.0 %) is in good health; 26.0 % report chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, excretory, hepatobiliary, and endocrine systems; 12.1 % of the respondents each suffer from diabetes and obesity. Despite this, only 18.0 % of the respondents adhere to healthy eating habits, and more than half abuse junk food and violate their diet. It has also been found that 79.0 % of the respondents do not have sufficient information about healthy eating; 93.0 % expressed a desire to improve their knowledge of the basics of healthy eating. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It has been found that rational nutrition is the most important factor in the body's vital activity, which ensures human health and working capacity, the ability to withstand adverse environmental influences, and determines the quality and duration of life. The article substantiates a set of measures for organizing public health professionals' outreach and awareness-raising activities to promote public health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases through dietary nutrition.
Analysis of the work of the inpatient military hospital during the Russian-Ukrainian war.
Korneta OM, Holovanova IA, Khorosh MV
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929539 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of this work is to analyze the provision of medical care to military personnel on the example of the activities of the Poltava Military Hospital (Poltava, Ukraine) for the period 2021-2023. PATIEN...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of this work is to analyze the provision of medical care to military personnel on the example of the activities of the Poltava Military Hospital (Poltava, Ukraine) for the period 2021-2023. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The design of our study was descriptive. During the research, the reporting and accounting documentation of the Poltava Military Hospital for the relevant years was used. Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze the main indicators of the hospital's activity: growth rates and growth rates were calculated to describe changes in the main indicators. RESULTS: Results: The average number of staffed beds in the hospital as a whole is growing. Thus, compared to 2021, in 2023, this figure increased by 200% (100% growth increment rate). The bed utilization, we can note that in 2022, the utilization of both staffed beds (67.29%) and actually deployed beds (47.93%) was inefficient, and during the war it reached a sufficient level - 89.27% and 63.84.8%, respectively, bed occupancy rates in all hospital departments were 7.7-7.3. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The ultimate impact of the ongoing war in Ukraine on the organization of medical care for injured servicemen and women remains uncertain, and we plan to explore this issue in our next work.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) during pregnancy: Pathomorphological changes in the terminal villi of the placenta.
Savchuk TV, Leshchenko IV, Vaslovych VV … +2 more , Chernenko OH, Malysheva TA
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929538 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: .Aim: To investigate the pathomorphological changes in the terminal chorionic villi during COVID-19 in pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 123 placentas were studied in case...
OBJECTIVE: .Aim: To investigate the pathomorphological changes in the terminal chorionic villi during COVID-19 in pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 123 placentas were studied in cases of live term births (groups І) and antenatal asphyxia (groups ІІ). The subgroups were defined as follows: II.2 and I.2 (post-COVID interval of 1-4 weeks); I.1 and II.1 (5-16 weeks). Morphological and statistical research methods were applied. RESULTS: Results: Spherical structures resembling viral particles were identified in the placenta. In 100 % of the observations, damage to the microcirculatory bed of terminal villi was detected, manifested by cytoplasmic edema of endothelial cells, disruption of cell membranes, nuclear apoptosis and placentitis. With increasing duration of the post-COVID interval, a gradual restoration of endothelial functional activity was observed, evidenced by an increase in laminar microvilli and vesicles, as well as widening of the vascular lumen; whereas in cases of antenatal asphyxia, obliteration of the vascular lumen and stromal fibrosis were noted. A reduction in endothelial cell cytoplasmic edema and stromal edema of terminal chorionic villi was also observed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The morphogenesis of placental dysfunction in cases of antenatal fetal asphyxia associated with immature protective mechanisms involves endothelial dysfunction, impaired microcirculation, inflammatory infiltration, stromal edema of terminal villi with a reduction in vascular lumen, and subsequent fibrosis. The detection of viral particles with increasing post-COVID interval suggests persistence of SARS-CoV-2, the long-term effects of which on vascular function and its role in the development of placental insufficiency require further investigation.
The screening and analysis of the response questionnaire in the care of temporomandibular disorders and psychoemotional state diagnosis in the Polish population.
Grochala J, Pihut M, Loster JE
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929537 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: Due to the increasing prevalence of temporomandibular disorders within the population, it is beneficial to implement effective diagnosis at the early stages of the disorder's manifestation. The consequenc...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: Due to the increasing prevalence of temporomandibular disorders within the population, it is beneficial to implement effective diagnosis at the early stages of the disorder's manifestation. The consequence of the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders may be a dysfunction related to the psychoemotional state. One of the research objectives was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in the examined group of patients within the Polish population. We aimed that a relationship between psychoemotional state and the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders can be established, which was also the subject of the research conducted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Patients were examined and diagnosed according to the Polish version of the RDC/TMD questionnaire (Axes I and II). RESULTS: Results: In the research, 135 subjects were enrolled, however 91 finished. The patients were aged 18-53. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in this research is 37.36% and is more frequent in women. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The assessment and treatment of temporomandibular disorders require a multidisciplinary approach that includes consideration of the psychoemotional status.
Prevention of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in patients with age-related cataract in the background of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Mеlnyk VО, Likhatska АО, Haliienko LІ … +1 more , Palamar BІ
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929536 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate the possibility of using cataract phacoemulsification with simultaneous intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with age-related cataract (ARC) combined with pseudoexfoliation syndrome...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate the possibility of using cataract phacoemulsification with simultaneous intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with age-related cataract (ARC) combined with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) as an algorithm for the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) prevention.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using data from medical records of 610 outpatients (813 eyes) with ARC aged from 49 to 79 years (average age 69 ± 3 years). Group 1 included 488 patients (625 eyes) with ARC and PES, and Group 2 (control) included 122 patients (188 eyes) without signs of PES. Patients in both groups underwent ultrasonic phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. RESULTS: Results: Patients from Group 1 presented with less anterior chamber depth, a thicker lens, and higher intraocular pressure (IOP), as compared to Group 2. In patients with PES after cataract surgery, we observed a slight increase in IOP during the first week, followed by a significant decrease (by 3.1 mm Hg) during the next 3 months (vs. baseline; p<0,001). In patients without PES, a slow decrease in IOP (by 1,0 mm Hg) was observed during 3 months after surgery (vs. baseline; p<0,001). The cataract surgery favored an increase in anterior chamber depth by 45,2 % in patients with ARC and PES. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in patients with PES leads to a significant decrease and stabilization of IOP in the long-term postoperative period (3-month follow-up), and may be an alternative method for the prevention of PEG development.
Evaluation of some immune mediators (IL-16, IgE and eosinophils) as diagnostic markers for COVID-19.
Al-Zamali SKS, Al-Shaheed RYA, Al-Jobory HS … +1 more , Al-Fahham AA
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929535 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate clinical applicability of immune mediator's interleukin-16, immunoglobulin E along with eosinophil count in diagnosing COVID-19 and determining its severity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials an...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate clinical applicability of immune mediator's interleukin-16, immunoglobulin E along with eosinophil count in diagnosing COVID-19 and determining its severity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at Al-Najaf General Hospital, Najaf, Iraq between March and August 2024. 120 participants: 60 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 60 healthy controls which matched cases in terms of age and sex. Data collected through direct interviews and hospital records; laboratory investigations were performed following standard protocols. Serum analysis: Serum levels of IgE and IL-16 were determined using an automated system and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Results: A significant difference in levels of immune markers between COVID-19 group and healthy controls. Eosinophil count significantly higher in patients than in controls (105±64 cells/ml vs. 78±22 cells/ml, P<0.001). IgE levels in patients were markedly elevated compared to controls (788±98 UI/ml vs. 204±122 UI/ml, P<0.001). IL-16 levels in patients were double of controls (12.8±3.9 pg/ml vs. 6.2±2.9 pg/ml, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated levels of IL-16, IgE, and eosinophils were significantly associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19, with IL-16 showing a particularly strong association (odds ratio=1.7, P<0.001). Sensitivity values were 0.74, 0.48, and 0.85 for eosinophils, IgE, and IL-16, while specificity values were 0.66, 0.58, and 0.72. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Findings underscore probable implication of immune mediators in respect, more especially IL-6, as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and diagnosis.
The peculiarities of biochemical and morphological changes in the heart of the rats under chronic hypodynamia in the development of adrenalin damage of heart.
Denefil OV, Druzіuk RB, Pelykh VY … +4 more , Kulianda OO, Fedoniuk LY, Nebesna ZM, Yasinovskyi OB
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929534 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate the state of oxidation processes and morphological changes in the heart of rats with chronic hypodynamia during the development of epinephrine heart damage (EHD).. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materi...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate the state of oxidation processes and morphological changes in the heart of rats with chronic hypodynamia during the development of epinephrine heart damage (EHD).. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 144 white male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: 1 - control, 2 - hypodynamia. For EHD, rats were injected once intraperitoneally with a 0.18% solution of adrenaline hydrotartrate at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg of weight. Stress was induced in rats from 2.5 to 4.0 months of age. The animals were constantly kept in cages with limited living space for 1.5 months. The concentration of diene and triene conjugates (DC, TC), Schiff's bases (SB), TBA-active products (TBA-ap), oxidatively modified proteins (OMP), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in the heart. A morphological study of preparations stained with Azan-trichrome was carried out. All studies were performed in control, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after adrenaline injection. RESULTS: Results: In the I series DC and TC increased after 1 day of EHD, fell to control values after 3 days, and then had wave-like character (highest - after 14 days), SB decreased, TBA-ap increase (maximal after 14 days). OMP370 increased after 1 and 3 days, after 14 days they were higher than in control, and after 28 days they decreased. OMP430 were greater than the control in all terms, except 28 days. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was lower than the control at all times. Hypodynamia caused an increase of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in OMP. Hypodynamia leads to increase of CAT, and decrase of SOD. All indicators of SOD and CAT exceeded hihger level of the antioxidant indicators of animals of the II group at EHD. Biochemical changes are consistent with morphological. After injection of epinephrine, severe vascular disorders, edema, endothelial cell damage, microcirculatory disorders, hemorrhages in the surrounding tissues, and sclerosing of the walls of arteries and venules were observed. Morphological studies established higher disturbances in the II group. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Hypodynamia in rats causes an increase of lipid peroxidation products and catalase activity in the heart, but a decrease in the content of oxidatively modified proteins and superoxide dismutase activity. Adrenaline injection causes activation of lipid peroxidation, especially secondary forms, and an less accumulation in the content of oxidatively modified proteins. During the development of epinephrine heart damage, the activity of antioxidants is significantly higher in animals with chronic hypodynamia. Biochemical changes are consistent with morphological changes, and indicate more damage to the myocardium in the process of development of epinephrine heart damage in animals of the I group.
Evaluation of Vitamin D3 as a diagnostic marker in hypothyroidism.
Aljabry KNO, Yasseen YA, Al-Ghuraibawi NHA … +1 more , Al-Fahham AA
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929533 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the role of serum vitamin D3 in the pathogenesis and diagnosis for hypothyroidism.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Analyt...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the role of serum vitamin D3 in the pathogenesis and diagnosis for hypothyroidism.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Analytics Center of Al-Nokhba and Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, Najaf, Iraq, between October 2021 and February 2022. A total of two groups, Group I (49 hypothyroid patients; mean age 47.69±8.961 years) and Group II (49 healthy controls; mean age 47.43±9.89 years), were included. The estimation of serum T3, T4, TSH, calcium, and 25(OH) vitamin D levels was performed by GP1100 immunofluorescence quantitative analyzer. Serum Calcium levels were determined by the spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: Results: Hypothyroid patients had much lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels; mean value was 12.45±0.95 ng/ml whereas for controls it was 31.35±0.87 ng/ml (P<0.000). T3, T4, and calcium levels were also significantly low in the hypothyroid patients, as opposed to the high levels of TSH. The sensitivity and specificity of vitamin D3 in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism is 71% and 65% respectively. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: This study underlines a strong association between hypothyroidism and low serum levels of vitamin D. The results support the notion that, in fact, vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism, thus indicating the significance of monitoring and correcting the status of this vitamin in such patients. Further studies should be directed to the casual pathways and therapeutic benefits of vitamin D supplementation.
Digital differential diagnostics of thyroid pathology by interference scanning of ellipticity polarization maps of microscopic images of native histological sections.
Bilookyi OV, Rohovyi YY, Uschenko YA … +3 more , Kinzerska OV, Sklyarchuk VM, Bilookyi VV
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929532 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To find out new objective criteria for laser histological differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology based on the use of a digital method of layer-by-layer polarization-interference mapping of polarizati...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To find out new objective criteria for laser histological differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology based on the use of a digital method of layer-by-layer polarization-interference mapping of polarization ellipticity maps of microscopic images of native histological sections of thyroid biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Four groups of patients were studied: control group 1 - healthy donors (51 patients); study group 2 - patients with nodular goiter (51 patients); study group 3 - patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (51 patients); study group 4 - patients with papillary cancer (51 patients). Methods used: polarization-interference, statistical. RESULTS: Results: A brief theory and model concepts of the formation of structural optical anisotropy of polycrystalline networks of native histological sections of thyroid biopsy are considered. The structural and logical scheme of the method of polarization-interference layer-by-layer mapping of microscopic images of thyroid biopsies is presented. The statistical analysis of algorithmically reproduced maps of polarization ellipticity of experimental samples of biopsies of donors and patients with nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary cancer was performed. Statistical objective markers for the differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology have been determined. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: An excellent level (~93%-95%) of the balanced accuracy of differentiation of pathological conditions by the method of polarization-interference layer mapping was demonstrated.
Comparison of the ONSTEP and Lichtenstein techniques for inguinal hernia repair-early results of a prospective study.
Pielaciński K, Pruszczyk-Matusiak K, Pielaciński J … +2 more , Bosak Pielacińska A, Szczepanik AB
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40929531 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The study aims to evaluate the impact of the ONSTEP technique on the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the outcomes of inguinal hernia treatment compared to the Lichtenst...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The study aims to evaluate the impact of the ONSTEP technique on the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the outcomes of inguinal hernia treatment compared to the Lichtenstein technique. . PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: In 41 men randomized into 2 study groups, unilateral inguinal hernia repair was performed using the ONSTEP technique in group O and the Lichtenstein technique in group L. A total of 34 men met the full inclusion criteria, with each group consisting of 17 patients. Data were collected prospectively during hospitalization, as well as on day 7 and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was evaluated based on changes in the following parameters: leukocyte and platelet counts, levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen at 6, 24, 46, and 168 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the study groups in the incidence of CPP, the need for analgesics, recurrence rates, SIRS severity, or operative time. However, the ONSTEP technique was associated with significantly lower acute postoperative pain intensity and a quicker return to daily activities compared to the Lichtenstein technique. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Compared with the Lichtenstein technique, the ONSTEP technique shows similar intensity of SIRS and mostly comparable results in treatment, however the intensity of intense acute postoperative pain is lower and the return to preoperative activity proceeds faster.
Functioning of the patient after four-finger amputation in his dominant hand due to necrosis caused by a streptococcal infection: a case report.
Żyluk A
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40633087 · Publisher ↗
A case of a 40-year-old patient who presented to the clinic due to carpal tunnel syndrome of the left hand was presented. Four years earlier, the same patient underwent four-finger amputation of his right dominant hand d...
A case of a 40-year-old patient who presented to the clinic due to carpal tunnel syndrome of the left hand was presented. Four years earlier, the same patient underwent four-finger amputation of his right dominant hand due to fulminant necrosis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Descriptive history and the results of examination indicated that the patient adapted very good to significant disability of the hand. He had no constant pain, but only when the weather changed, which he rated at 3-4 points on the Numeric Rank Scale. The hand function examined by the DASH questionnaire showed a significant impairment - 42 points, but the patient declared that he functioned well in everyday life and even found a permanent job in a security company.
The impact of caffeine consumption on reproductive health. A literature review.
Stawińska-Dudek J, Brzoza M, Bielecka A … +2 more , Aboud A, Stawińska K
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40633086 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: Caffeine is popular stimulant added to a lot of drinks, such as coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks. However, there is a dispute over how caffeine affects reproduction and fertility for both men and wom...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: Caffeine is popular stimulant added to a lot of drinks, such as coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks. However, there is a dispute over how caffeine affects reproduction and fertility for both men and women. This review aims to provide an insight into this matter including the impact of caffeine on male and female fertility, primary infertility, fertility treatment outcomes, time to pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, sperm ploidy, assisted reproductive technologies, sperm DNA and semen quality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The review is based on the thorough analysis of the materials selected from "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" scientific databases using the following key words: caffeine; coffee; fertility; infertility; tea. These key words were chosen based on their relevance to the matter of an article. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: According to the researched studies, moderate caffeine consumption does not pose a hazard for fertility neither regarding men, nor women. However, high caffeine intake, may pose reproductive risks, including an increased miscarriage risk in women and compromised semen quality in men. These findings support the current health guidelines recommending caffeine intake moderation for individuals of reproductive age. Nonetheless, further studies are required to clarify the nuanced effects of caffeine on fertility and assisted reproductive technologies outcomes to provide individuals with the essential knowledge to make proper dietary choices during family planning.
The right to privacy in medical legal relations in the practice of the European court of human rights: Experience for Ukraine.
Shevchuk OM, Borodina IV, Verhoglyad-Gerasymenko ОV … +2 more , Marochkin OI, Lysodyed OV
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40633085 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To analyse the problems of implementing an individual's right to privacy in medical legal relations and to characterise the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ma...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To analyse the problems of implementing an individual's right to privacy in medical legal relations and to characterise the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. Methods of theoretical analysis, system-analytical and comparative-legal methods made it possible to characterise the problems of protecting the right of an individual to privacy in medical legal relations, taking into account the practice of the ECtHR. RESULTS: Results: The right to privacy in medical legal relations is a fundamental principle of the legal systems of the states parties to the European Convention. The right to privacy in medical legal relations is complex and forms part of the right to health. The ECtHR, in many of its decisions in the field of healthcare, has emphasised the existence of both negative and positive obligations of the state to ensure the right to respect for the private and family life of patients. States parties to the European Convention must not only refrain from unlawful interference, but also create mechanisms for the effective protection of patients'privacy, including the protection of confidential data. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The practice of the ECtHR in implementing an individual's right to privacy in medical legal relations is a dynamic source of law and contributes to the formation of uniform judicial practice in the context of protecting the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals in the field of healthcare.
Study of abortion material in idiopathic habitual miscarriage of pregnancy: Literature review.
Sadyrbekova A, Svyatova G, Berezina G … +2 more , Suleimenova R, Murtazaliyeva A
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40633084 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The study aims to review current scientific publications on the genetic study of foetal material in habitual miscarriage with an emphasis on a comparative analysis of the methods used traditional karyotyp...
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The study aims to review current scientific publications on the genetic study of foetal material in habitual miscarriage with an emphasis on a comparative analysis of the methods used traditional karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis. The material in this paper is based on an analysis of scientific publications covering the issues under study over the past five years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: This study reviewed cytogenetic diagnostic methods for detecting genetic abnormalities in foetal material from recurrent miscarriages. A comparative analysis of the widely used methods, karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), was conducted to assess their strengths and limitations. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Given its superior diagnostic capabilities, CMA should be adopted as the first-line method for investigating genetic abnormalities in cases of habitual miscarriage. Its ability to detect a wider range of chromosomal abnormalities allows for more accurate diagnosis and better-informed clinical decisions. The use of CMA in routine practice can significantly improve the management of future pregnancies, offering couples a greater chance of successful outcomes and providing reproductive health specialists with a more reliable tool for evaluating repeated pregnancy loss.
Odontogenic infections in pregnant women.
Grudnik K, Grudnik M, Smyczek J … +5 more , Słomian M, Prokurat M, Jagielski M, Lau K, Kasperczyk J
Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2025 · PMID 40633083 · Publisher ↗
Odontogenic infections in pregnant women pose a threat to the health of both the mother and her unborn child. Adjusting diagnostics and treatment for this group of patients presents numerous challenges for dental practit...
Odontogenic infections in pregnant women pose a threat to the health of both the mother and her unborn child. Adjusting diagnostics and treatment for this group of patients presents numerous challenges for dental practitioners. The National Health Fund in Poland provides additional dental services for pregnant and also postpartum women. Access to these services is critical for the well-being of pregnant women and their future children, on condition of providing safe treatment. Despite the reduction in the risk of dental complications, there is concern that some patients may delay treatment until pregnancy. Therefore, a key aspect is educating the public on the risks of untreated oral pathologies, promoting oral hygiene, and encouraging regular dental check-ups. This article analyzes the key aspects related to the dangers of untreated dental infections, presents the mechanisms of the most common diseases, and outlines basic forms of treatment, diagnostic and therapeutic limitations due to pregnancy, as well as the influence of the legal system in Poland on the potential decisions of pregnant women to undergo treatment.
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